初中英语句子成分资料
初中英语句子成分

英语句子成分在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语等(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:1. Comrade Chen is a well-known scientist.陈同志是著名的科学家。
(名词作主语)2. He reads newspapers every day .他每天读报。
(代词作主语)3. Smoking is harmful to the health .吸烟对健康有害。
(动名词作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers .(系动词和表语一起作谓语)We study hard . (行为动词作谓语)We have finished reading the book.(助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now. (名词作宾语)She said (that)she felt sick. (宾语从句做动词宾语)We often help him. (代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We enjoy listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。
(动名词短语作宾语)说明1:宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物。
宾语一般放在及物动词之后。
介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语。
名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。
另外,动词不定式可做动词宾语;动名词和宾语从句也可用做动词宾语。
初中英语语法句子成分

初中英语语法句子成分主语:主语是一个句子的主体,一般位于句首。
名词(短语)、代词、数词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句(名词性从句里会细讲主语从句)等均可作主语。
*Alight wind disturbed the surface of the water.微风使水面泛起涟漪(名词短语作主语)*Nobodycan help you except yourself. 除了你自己没人能帮你。
(代词作主语)*Two-thirdsof them can play more than two musical instruments.他们中三分之二会演奏两种以上乐器。
(数词做主语)*Therich are not always happier than the poor. 有钱人并不一定比穷人快乐。
(名词化的形容词作主语,注意the+形容词表一类人,谓语用复数。
主谓一致会详细讲解)*Togo to bed early and to get up early is a good habit.早睡早起是一种好习惯。
(不定式短语作主语,“To go to bed earlyand to get up early 早睡早起”表示同一概念,谓语用单数。
)*Travellingabroad is popular these years. 近年来出国旅游很流行。
(动词-ing形式短语作主语)*Wheneveryou come will be fine. 你无论何时来都可以。
(从句作主语)谓语:用来描述主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般位于主语之后,由动词或动词短语充当,且谓语有人称、数、时态和语态等的变化。
(详细参考“主语与动词”笔记)*Lindaworked for the company for two years.*Theold man must be sent to hospital at once.*Ihave tried this way three times.*Whathappened last night?*Iwould like to invite all my friends here.*Ourschool becomes more beautiful.宾语:1. 定义:宾语是动作的承受者,一般位于及物动词之后。
初中英语语法句子成分

句子成分:(1)主语主语是执行句子的行为或动作的主体(主语可以由这些词类或形式来担任:名词、代词、动名词【如动词原形+ing】、形容词、分词【分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词,尤指以-ing结尾的英语动词性形容词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,如时态、语态、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。
分词分为现在分词-ing和过去分词-ed两种,是一种非谓语动词形式:非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。
】、副词或数词等)。
现理解:是一句的主体,是全句述说的对象,常用名词,数词或代词担任,一般放于句首。
例:Betty likes her new bike. He gets up early every day. This is my book.The first is yours. What were you doing yesterday morning.(2)谓语由简单动词或动词短语构成【助动词{be, have, has,do, does,shall, did,will, should, would 它们表示时态,语态,构成疑问句与否定副词not合用,加强语气}或情态动词{是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。
主要有:can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) }+主要动词】,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语(由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语,就是简单谓语,不管这些谓语动词是什么时态,语态,语气,都是简单谓语)和复合谓语(谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由简单动词或动词短语【助动词或情态动词+主要动词】构成。
初中英语句子成分分析

英语句子最基本句型1. 主语+谓语(谓语为不及物动词)I laugh. / He runs.2. 主语+谓语+宾语(谓语为及物动词)She likes English.3. 主语+谓语+表语(谓语为系动词)They look tired.We are students.英语句子成分讲解一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词)Seeing is believing. (动名词)Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句)It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
谓语一般位于主语之后,谓语中最重要的部分是谓语动词,它有人称和数. 时态、语态和语气的变化,既然谓语是以动词为中心的,那么,我们研究谓语就从动词入手。
We study English. He is asleep.三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词)His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.” (不定式)The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be(is, am, are, was, were),sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来), smell(闻起来),taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉) ….The sound sounds strange.Tom looks thin.The food smells delicious.The food tastes good.The door remains open.四、宾语:1)动作的承受者——动宾I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词)How many do you need? We need two. (数词)We should help the old and the poor.I enjoy working with you. (动名词)I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday.Give the poor man some money.五、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。
初中英语句子成分

三、表语。 表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后。 表语一般由名词、代词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、 副词及表语从句表示eg. 1、Our teacher of English is an American.(名词) 2、Is it you?(代词) 3、The weather has turned cold.(形容词) 4、The speech is exciting.(分词) 5、Three times seven is twenty one.(数词) 6、His job is to teach English.(不定式) 7、His hobby is playing football.(动名词) 8、The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) 9、Time is up.The class is over.(副词) 10、The truth is that he has never been abroad. (表语从句)
二、谓语
谓语是说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语, 一般放在主语之后。 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。 eg.He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 eg. You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。 eg.We are students.
五、定语 定语修饰名词或代词、短语或从句。eg. 1. Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词) 2. China is a developing country.(分词) 3. There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词) 4. His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) 5. Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式 短语) 6. The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词) 7. He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语)
初中英语语法句子的成分

4)主语是动名词短语having a family 。
5)主语是名词Successful language learners。
6)主语是主语从句What is accepted as true 。
7)主语是动词They。
8)主语是数词4671363 。
9)主语是名词The movie 。
10)it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式 to be invited to your country.
8)4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467, 13, 63.
9)The movie was said to be very interesting.
10)It’s a great honor to be invited to your country.
【特别提示】
1) 祈使句的主语(you)经常省略;如:(You)Open the door, please.
2) 动名词,不定式和从句做主语时,谓语动词为单数。如上述例句中的4、5、6。
【强化练习】
判断下列各句的主语的位置及性质:
1) Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language.
初中英语句子结构句子成分讲解

句子类型
简单句
并列句
复合句
Ⅰ.简单句
1. Things changed. 2. Trees are green. 3. We don’t beat children. 4. He gave his sister the piano. 5. I found the book easy.
常用的关联词有:as, after, before, since, till/ until, when, while, as soon as, whenever等
常用的关联词有:where, wherever, anywhere 原因状语从句 常用的关联词有:because, as, since
The train leaves at 6 o’clock.
I want a ticket.
,动词不定式,动名词 或从句
名词,主格代词
动词
3) 宾语(object)
表示vt.的动作对象或prep.所联系的对象。 由n.或相当于n.的词担任。置于vt.或prep.后。
He won the game. On the desk
6) 条件状语从句
Hale Waihona Puke 8) 方式状语从句程度状语从句 常用的关联词有:as, as if, as though, how 常用的关联词有:so, so that, as far as, so long as He did just as you told him. So long as you need me, I’ll stay.
(完整版)初中英语语法句子成分

句子成分精讲句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。
主要成分:主语和谓语1、主语一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。
主语的位置:一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。
The school is far from here. 名词做主语She goes to school by bike.代词做主语Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语2、谓语表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态.英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。
谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。
分析句子的主语和谓语Mr. Li teaches English.He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.3、表语用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。
表语的位置用在动词be和系动词的后面。
名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。
Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.My dream is to have a robot.常见的系动词1. be动词2. 与感觉有关的动词look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示状态变化的动词,意为“变得” “变成” 如get, grow, turn等上述两类词作连系动词时要用形容词作表语,千万不能用副词。
4、宾语是动作的对象或承受者。
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1. Tom is a good boy. (名词) 2. We often speak English in class. (代词) 3. One-third of the students in this class are girls. (数词) 4. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. (不定式) 5. Smoking does harm to the health. (动名词)
7. I think (that) he is fit for this job. (宾语从 句)
双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如: Lend me your dictionary, please. =Lend your dictionary to me, please.
6. The rich should help the poor. 化形容词)
(名词
7. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. (主语从句)
8. It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it为形式主语,真正的主语是不 定式)
7. His job is to teach English. (不定式) 8. His hobby is playing football. (动名词) 9. The machine must be out of order. (介词短语) 10. Time is up. The class is over. (副词) 11. The truth is that he has never been abroad. (表语从句)
(二)谓语Predicate:谓语说明主语所 做的动作或具有的特征和状态。说明主 语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么 样”,一般由动词或动词短语来充当, 一般放在主语之后。谓语和主语在人称 和数两方面必须一致。谓语的构成如下:
1.简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构 成。例如:
I like apples.
初中英语句子成分
句子的成分:句子的成分是指组成句子的各个部分,即:主语、谓语、 表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、补足语、定语、状语等。 主要成分:主语 和 谓语 次要成分:表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语 等
(一)主语Subject:主语是一个句子的主 要成分,也是句子所叙述的主体,一般 位于句首,表示句子所说的是“什么人” 或“什么事物”。
1. My mother is a doctor. (名词)
2. Is it yours?
(代词)
3. The weather has turned cold. (形容词)
4. The speech is exciting. (现在分词)
5. The door is closed. (过去分词)
6. Three times seven is twenty one. (数词)
We are having a quick breakfast.
(三) 表语Predicative:表语用于说明主语 的性质、身份、特征和状态等,说明主语 “是什么”或“怎么样”。它一般位于系 动词(如be, keep, remain, become, get. grow, turn, look, seem, feel, smell, sound, taste等)之后。表语须和连系动词一起构 成句子的复合谓语,即成系表结构。
3. How many dictionaries 数词)
4. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. (名词化形容词) 5. He pretended not to see me. (不定式) 6. I enjoy listening to popular music. (动名 词)
(四)宾语Object :宾语表示动作的对 象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词 后面,和及物动词一起说明主语“做什 么”,如:
1. They went to see an exhibition yesterday. (名词)
2. The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. (代词)
( 动词 )
He practices running every morning. (动 词短语)
2.复合谓语:
(1)由(情态动词或其他助动词+动词原形)构成;
You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
(2)由(系动词+表语)构成。