2020中考复习现在完成时讲解与巩固
2024年中考英语一轮复习现在完成时和过去完成时知识点考点总结(讲义)
2024届九年级英语中考一轮复习【语法专题】现在完成时和过去完成时知识点考点总结（讲义）九年级英语教研室整理现在完成时现在完成时态是中学阶段一个学习的难点和重点，相对来说比较难的一个语法点。
它涉及到对这个时态意义的充分理解和正确应用，连用的标志词也比较多，还有延续性动词和非延续性动词，在过去时和完成时之间的相互转换应用，以及have been to /gone to区别。
一，现在完成时的构成现在完成时的基本结构:助动词have/ has+动词的过去分词(pp)肯定句:I have seen the film.我已经看过这部电影了.否定句:I haven't seen the film.我没有看过这部电影。
疑问句:Have you seen the film?Yes，I have.No， I haven't.你看过这部电影了吗？是的，我看过了。
不，我没看过。
二，现在完成时的用法及时间标志①表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一个动作，对现在造成的影响。
常用的时间标志有:already， just ，yet ，before， so far， recently，ever， never，until now，in the past five years等She has already cleaned her bedroom.她已经打扫过她的卧室了。
She hasn't cleaned her bedroom yet.她还没打扫她的卧室呢。
Have you decided yet?你已经决定了吗？注意: already常用在肯定句中，意为“已经”，yet用在一般疑问句和否定句末。
在一般疑问中，意为“已经”在否定句中，意为“还”。
She has just e back from Paris.她刚从巴黎回来。
She has written three books so far.到目前为止，她已经写了三本书了。
初中英语语法-现在完成时讲解以及练习题讲义
现在完成时态语法讲解和习题巩固1.构成现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。
助动词have(has)表明事情发生于现在。
它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。
过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。
2.用法（1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。
常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
如：Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've just had it. 你（已经）吃午饭了吗我刚刚吃过。
（现在我不饿了（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。
这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。
常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。
如：He has taught here since 2011. 他自2011年就在这儿教书。
（可能还要继续教）I have't seen her for four years. 我有四年没见到她了。
since和for的区别since后接时间点，如8:00，last term, yesterday, 3 days agofor后接一段时间，表示“长达多久”，如one year, two days, a long time等。
Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland ______ Monday.2. Jill has been in Ireland ______ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia ______5 days.4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _____7 o'clock.5. India has been an independent country _____1974.6. The bus is late. They've been waiting _____ 20 minutes.7. Nobody lives in those houses. They have been empty ______ many years.8. Mike has been ill ______a long time. He has been in hospital ______ October.（3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。
2024年中考英语语法-现在完成时精讲及专项练习
现在完成时精讲一、现在完成时的基本结构肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、现在完成时的用法1. 现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。
也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。
例句：I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。
与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。
2. 现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。
例句：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。
(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。
)此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。
谓语动词必须是延续性动词。
有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go outbe outfinishbe overopenbe opendiebe deadbuyhavefall illbe ille backbe backcatch a coldhave a cold3.现在完成时表示重复这种完成时一般表示：过去到现在不断重复发生的动作或情况;可能继续;可能到此结束。
例句：My father has always gone to work by bike.4.现在完成时表示将来可以在时间状语从句里表示将来。
例句：When you have rested, I’ll show you the garden.三、过去分词的规则变化动词过去分词的规则变化与动词过去式的规则变化相同。
现在完成时讲解（含讲解及习题）
现在完成时讲解（含讲解及习题）现在完成时讲解一、构成:肯定式：主语+ 助动词have/has + 动词的过去分词.疑问式：助动词Have/Has + 主语+ 动词的过去分词?否定式: 主语+ 助动词have/has + not + 动词的过去分词.过去分词规则变化：a)一般情况下，直接加ed, （work---worked，water---watered, finish---finished等;）b)以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词, 把y 变成i 再加ed, （carry-- -carried study---studied等;）c)以辅+元+辅结尾且中读的动词，要双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。
（stop---stopped，shop---shopped）d)以不发音的e结尾的动词，只加d （过去分词不规则变化表：二、用法：用法一：表示过去（已经、曾经或从未）发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。
标志词：①already, ②never, ③ever, ④just, ⑤yet, ⑥before,⑦once/twice/数字+ times例：I have cleaned my room. 我已打扫了房间(房间现在是干净的，不需要打扫了)They have left. --他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里I have never had a car (我从未有过汽车。
)I have been there twice.a）already 往往用于肯定句，用在疑问句时表示强调或加强语气；yet 用于否定句和疑问句。
He has already left here. 他已经离开这里了。
Has he already left here? 他（真的）已经离开这里了吗？（表示加强语气）My teachers haven’t had breakfast yet. 我的老师们还没有吃早饭。
Have you written to your parents yet? 你已经给你父母写过信了吗？b）never 是否定词，表示“从来没有”，而ever 表示“曾经”We have never been to the Great Wall. 我们从来没有去过长城。
初中现在完成时讲解及巩固练习
They have built many buildings in this city. Judy hasn’t arrived yet.
Have you had breakfast ?
She has just left.
(leave-left)
现在完成时
二: 用法: 2)现在完成时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在还有 可能继续持续下去的动作或状态。 She has learned English for 5 years. He has lived in Beijing since (自从)he was born . Have you stayed here since ( 自从) 3 o’clock? 常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用. for+ 时间段 (特殊情况除外) since+时间点 , since+ 句子 learned eg:I ______(learn)English for two years when I was young.
read(read) the novel twice. It’s interesting. 4. Ihave _______ gone 5. Shehas _______(go) to Pairs, hasn’t she? Yes.
did she _______(go) go How ______ there?
2 表示从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作还有可 能继续持续下去。
常与for, since引导的时间短语或从句连用. He has worked in this school since he came here. 常用于现在完成时的时间副词,介词: already (已经): 用于肯定句I have already posted the letter . yet(已经): 用于否定句,疑问句 He hasn’t done his homework yet. just(刚刚) They have just left.
中考必考的现在完成时，知识点、考点、经典题都整理好了！
中考必考的现在完成时，知识点、考点、经典题都整理好了！现在完成时专项讲解一．含义表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
二．结构主语+have/has+动词的过去分词★肯定句：主语+ have/ has + 过去分词done否定句：主语+ have/ has + not + 过去分词done一般疑问句：Have/ Has + 主语+ 过去分词doneYes, 主语+ have/ has.No, 主语+ haven’t /hasn’t（划重点，这个经常在单选中出现）★过去分词：1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则：① 一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”:work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited②以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”:live---lived---lived ,③以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”:study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried④重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”:stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped2. 不规则动词不规则的就只能靠自己去记忆啦！建议在平时的学习过程中自己动手整理，发现一个就把它记到自己的整理本或者笔记本上！（注意哦，一定要记在一起啊，记得在笔记本上预留他们的专属位置哟）三．用法（此处是重点）1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，有以下四大标志词:①already, just和yet：He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。
He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。
2020-2021年中考英语总复习∶现在完成时(提高)知识讲解及答案(word)
2020-2021年中考英语总复习∶现在完成时(提高)知识讲解及答案（word）一、初中英语现在完成时1．一 Have you ever the film Gang Jiong?一 Yes, I have.A. seeB. to seeC. sawD. seen【答案】 D【解析】【分析】句意：“你看过电影《港囧》吗?”“是的，我看过。
”由ever及答语可知句子用现在完成时，故用see的过去分词seen。
【点评】考查动词的时态。
2．All the skirts .They very well.A. sold out;are soldB. sell out;have soldC. have been sold out;sellD. have sold out;sell【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：所有的裙子都卖完了，他们非常畅销。
第一空sell out“卖完”，强调裙子已经被卖完的状态，本句用现在完成时的被动语态：has/have+been+过去分词，sell 的过去分词为sold；第二空sell作“销售”解释时用主动语态，在此处表一直卖得很好的状态，用一般现在时。
故选C。
【点评】本题考查一般现在时和现在完成时的被动语态，注意sell的不同语态和用法。
3．—Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair?—Because I all my money on an MP5.A. spendB. have spentC. am spendingD. was spending【答案】 B【解析】【分析】因为把所有的钱都花在MP5上，所以没钱买鞋。
强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，故选B。
【点评】考查现在完成时的用法，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。
4．—Lucy, is your uncle a teacher?—Yes, he is. He history for nearly 20 years.A. teachesB. has taughtC. is teachingD. will teach【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——露西，你叔叔是老师吗？——是的，他是。
2020中考复习现在完成时讲解与巩固
I have lost my key.
---Have you found your lost key yet? --- No, I haven’t found it yet.
3.与现在完成时连用的时间状语：ever、never、yet、already、recently、lately、over these years、up to now、
批注:该知识点是常考的，也是重点需要掌握的。
（1）have/ has been to：曾经去过，强调以往的经历。如：
The old man has been to Egypt when he was young.
（2）have/ has gone to：去了某地，强调还没有回来。如：
---Where is your uncle? --- He has gone to the supermarket.
(1)since的用法
A. since后可加时间点，如例句 中的nearly three years ago或2008.
B. since引导时间状语从句时，后面的时间状语从句动词用一般过去时，主句动词用现在完成时，如例句 。
(2) for的用法：for后加一段时间。如例句
(3)since和for用法的相互转换：for +一段时间= since+一段时间+ ago
never意为“从来没有”，常与before连用。He has never finished a task by himself before.
注意just和just now的区别。just和recently都表示“最近，刚刚”，用于现在完成时；just now表示“刚才”，用于一般过去时。如：He has just come back from America./ He was here just now.
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2020 中考英语复习现在完成时讲解与巩固小试牛刀（1）现在完成时与一段时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，非延续性动词不能和一段时间连用。
如：翻译：这本书我从图书馆已经借了两个多星期了。
误：I have already borrowed the book for over two weeks. 正：I have already kept the book for over two weeks. 批注：此处可以让学生先翻译，看学生对该知识点的掌握程度。
（2）非延续性动词与一段时间状语连用时可采用将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词的方式。
如：come—behere；go—be there; die--be dead; borrow--keep;buy--have;join--be in（be a member）;leave--be away 等。
批注：补充强调一下，非延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，只是不能与一段时间连用。
【例题精讲】1. We __________________ （eat）up all the food, but we still feel hungry. （2015 常州中考真题）答案：have eaten 解析：本题没有明显的时间状语，需要学生根据语境推断。
我们吃了所有的食物，但是还是感到饿，也就是解析: 本题考查现在完成时延续性动词的用法。
根据for three years 可知句子要用现在完成时；又be amember of 表示状态和表示一段时间的状语连用。
3. He _________ （regret） what he did in the past two days, so he will say sorry to you soon.（2017 常外新课结业考）答案：has regretted解析：由in the past two days 和后面“他很快就跟你道歉”这个结果来看，应该是使用现在完成时。
4. --- Look! Someone ______ （clean） the blackboard.--- Well, it wasn ' t me, I didn （2'01t7 d常o i外t. 二模）答案：has cleaned 解析：根据下文提示，不是我做的。
说明清理黑板这件事已经做了，并且造成影响。
5. Since you (graduate), you should not depend on your parents any more. ( 2017 二十四中二模) 答案：have graduated 解析：since 在这里是既然的意思，根据句意：既然你已经毕业了，你就不应该再你的父母了。
所以这里要用现在完成时，因为后面产生了影响。
6. __________________________________________________ The student he has devoted lots of time to helping (make) great progress by now. ( 2017 常州二模) 答案：has made解析：本题考查的是现在完成时。
he has devoted lots of time to helping 是定语修饰the students ，学生到现在为止进步很大，所以make 是谓语动词，by now 是现在完成时标志词。
当堂检测单项选择1. Good books __ again and again.A. should be readedB. should be readC. must readD. ought to read2. The children __ by the nurse.A. were lookedB. looked afterC. were looked afterD. looked3. He ___ some pieces of advice, but he __ to them.A. gave, didn't listenB. was given, wasn't listenedC. give, wasn't listenedD. was given, didn't listen4. When __ the accident ____ ?A. was, happenB. did, happenC. is, happenD. was, happened5. The question _ by us soon.A. is going to discussB. will discussC. is going to be discussedD. has been discussed6. The lab __ about five years ago.A. was buildedB. was builtC. buildsD. has been built7. A lot of tall buildings ____ in his hometown in the last three years.A. have set upB. have been set upC. were set upD. set up8. They __ printing 500 copies by the end of last month.A. had finishedB. have finishedC. had been finishedD. have been finished9. Rice ___ also ___ in their hometown.A. is ⋯grownB. is ⋯grewC. was ⋯grewD. was ⋯grown10. He ___ by the teachersA. is always praisedB. praisesC. have been praisedD. always is praised11. The sports meeting _ ___ held until next week.A. didn ' t beB. won ' t beC. isn ' tD. doesn ' t12. The picture ____ in October, 1996.A. was takingB. had been takenC. was takenD. had taken13. We can't use the bridge now, because it ____ .A. has been repairedB. is repairingC. is repairedD. is being repaired14. I ____ the way to the railway station by a policeman.A. was shownB. showedC. have shownD. was showing15. The war _____ in 1941.A. broke outB. had been broken outC. was broken outD. had broken out16. When water ____ , it will be changed into vapor( 蒸汽 ).A. is heatedB. heatingC. has heatedD. heats17. We can't enter the room because its door _____ .A. lockedB. locksC. is lockedD. is locking18. They _____ day and night.A. are made workB. are made to workC. made to be worked 19. Chang'an Road is ____ of people.A. filledB. fillC. fullD. fulled20. Man-made satellites ____ into space by many countries.A. was sent upB. is sent upC. have been sent upD. has been sent up21. This English song ____ often ____ by the children.A. is, singingB. is, sungC. will, singD. was, sung22. _________________________ The windows of our house once a week.A. must cleanB. have cleanedC. is cleaned 23. When ____ the People's Republic of China ____ ?A. was, foundB. was, foundedC. did, found 24. Mary's radio ___ by my brother just now.A. will be mendedB. has mendedC. was mended 25. Your exercise books ____ after class.A. will hand inB. must hand inC. handed in 26. Some trees may ___ at other times of the year.A. be plantedB. plantC. are planted27. The sun ___ at night as usual.A. can be seenB. can't seeC. can't be seenD. doesn't see28. A new English play ___ there next week.A. will put onB. will be put on 29. A strange thing ____ in our school yesterday.A. was happenedB. has been happened 30. The glass ____ . It ____ by little Tom thismorning. B. is broken, was broken D. has been broken, broken ACBCB课后练习动词填空题1. More and more housing problems people are paying attention to ______ (deal) with soon. ( 2017 常外一模卷) 答案： will be dealt解析： “ people are paying attention to 是定”语，主句是 “More and more housing problems _____ (deal) with soon ，”看到 soon, 用将来时，此处要用被动语态。