英语阅读理解文章(作者)意图解题指导.pdf
高考英语二轮复习精品课件：专题六 第6讲理解作者的态度和意图的技巧(大纲版湖北专用)
湖北卷) B篇 例 （2008· “No,” I replied, “you’ll get it if someone hurts you.” On purpose, she turned and scratched a nearby boy. Tom, and waited quietly while I mothered and rewarded him, then she walked away. She has never scratched a child since. Parents who find older children bullying younger brothers and sisters might do well to replace shouting and punishment by rewarding and giving more attention to the injured ones. It’s certainly much easier and more effective.
(
) The writer of this passage aims to recommend an
. A. rewarding children’s good behavior
approach to
B. correcting children’s bad behavior
C. punishing badly-behaved children D. praising well-behaved children
湖北卷) B篇 例 （2008· Kathy started at my nursery school at the age of three. She settled into the group easily, and would be first on the
初三中考英语阅读理解专题主旨大意题解题技巧讲义教案(含练习答案)
学员编号: 年级: 课时数:学员姓名: 辅导科目: 英语学科教师:学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：授课类型 C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）星级★★教学目标掌握选标题和文章内容主旨题答题技巧C 中考冲刺（阅读理解之主旨大意解题技巧）（建议2-5分钟）A Private ConversationLast week I went to the theatre.I had a very good seat.The play was very interesting.I did not enjoy it.A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me.They were talking loudly.I got very angry.I could not hear the actors.I turned round.I looked at the man and the woman angrily.They did not pay any attention.In the end, I could not bear it.I turned round again.'I can't hear a word!' I said angrily.'It's none of your business,' the young man said rudely.'This is a private conversation!'Questions:1.Tell me the title of this short passage?2.Tell me the main idea of this short passageKEYSTitle: A Private ConversationThe main idea: The writer was misunderstood by a young man and a young woman who was talking at cinema批注:本部分导入目的是为了让学生搞清title/main idea之间的区别, 以便于“夺宝奇兵”部分的讲解Title:An identifying name given to a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work/A general or descriptive heading, as of a book chapter.Main idea: the main contents of the passage, a book, play, film, musical composition, or other work（建议20-25分钟）1I、选择最恰当的标题(to choose the best title)想象一下, 你的中文作文如何拟定一个标题？1.概括文章的主要内容（13年崇明）What was school like in ancient times? In Greece, 2,500 years ago, students used to get up at dawn to go to school.Classes began very early and ended when it was dark.Students didn’t rest on the weekends.They had classes seven days a week, so they didn’t have much time for anything else.In Athens, only the sons of rich people went to school, and they started school around the age of seven.After they learned to read and write, they used to study Greek poems and historical works.Music was very important, and physical training was also important.Teachers used to hit students who didn’t pay attention or were lazy.Girls stayed at home with their mothers and learned how to do housework in the home.In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual (双语) education.They had to study Greek and Latin.Students usually had classes outside, if the weather was good, or in the teacher’s house.Young students sat on the floor.Older students used to sit on benches, higher up.That’s how “high school”got its name. Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.Boys and girls used to attend school, but they were kept in different classes.They learned Aztec history, myths, and rituals, but they memorized (记住) everything because there weren’t any textbooks.The boys received intensive military training, and the girls learned how to manage the home and the family.There were two kinds of schools: one for children of rich families and another for children of ordinary families.79. Which of the following might be the best title for this passage?A) Schools in Ancient Times B) Greek Poems and MusicC) Bilingual Education in Rome D) Schools in Ancient MexicoTell me the main idea of every paragraph:The first paragraph:The second paragraph:The third paragraph:批注: 答案: AThe first paragraph:What was school like in ancient times?The second paragraph: In ancient Rome, boys and girls from wealthy families received a bilingual(双语) education.The third paragraph: Education was very important to the ancient Aztecs of Mexico.本部分虽然有所介绍, 但是所占篇幅比较少。
中考英语 阅读理解 推理判断题解题指导
阅读理解之推理判断题解题指导推理判断题着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力，要求考生根据文章表面的文字信息，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或隐含信息。
这类题目旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意的能力，属于深层理解题。
考生在做此类题目时，应尽量考虑文中全部信息或事实，在通篇理解文章的基础上，运用逻辑思维，借助一定的常识，做出正确的推理和判断。
一、推理判断题常见提问方式1. The writer / author / passage implies / suggests (暗示) that ________.2. It can be inferred (推断）from the story that ________.3. We can learn from the passage that ________.4. The passage is intended to ________.5. The first paragraph of this passage is to ________.6. From the passage, we can learn / conclude that ________.7. The passage may be a / an ________.8. How does the author seem to feel about this issue?9. Which of the following might happen later?10. Which of the following can be concluded from this passage?二、选项特点分析推理判断题目选项的设置有一定的特点和规律，了解这些，可以帮助提高答题的正确率。
1．正确选项的特点：（1）正确选项一般含义比较丰富，具有一定的综合性和概括性；（2）正确选项的表述一般不会太绝对，而是会用一些相对宽泛的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, some, may, might, can, could, possibly, probably等；（3）正确选项有时候与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。
高考英语_专题14_阅读理解(主旨大意题)_解题指导-_2021年高中英语寒假辅导讲义
专题十四阅读理解（主旨大意题）阅读理解题型分类主旨大意题的考查，要求学生通过阅读文章，抓住文章的主旨大意所在，在理解文章内容的基础上，找到文章大意或段落大意，主要考查学生归纳概括信息的能力。
主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力。
通常以选择文章最佳标题(title/topic)，概括文章中心大意(main idea)、文章段落大意(topic)等形式出现。
主旨大意题是考生容易出错的题型之一，错误主要表现为：概括文章中心时以偏概全（只见树木不见森林），概括性不够，或者概括过度，超出了文本的内容，缺乏针对性。
一、主旨大意题的分类主旨大意题的分类及其常见设问形式1. 标题概括类做此类试题时，要注意标题的三个特性，即醒目性、概括性和针对性。
解题时要抓住文章的首尾段和每一段的首尾句，要注意贯穿文章始终的词语。
常见设问形式有：What is the best title for this passage?Which of the following is the best title of the passage?What can be a suitable title for the text?What might be the best title for the passage?The best title of the passage is ______.The suitable headline of the passage may be ______.2. 文章大意类每篇文章都有中心思想，可以通过找主题句来获取文章中心思想。
主题句通常在首段或结尾段，但有时也会出现在文章的中间段落。
因此，在阅读时要倍加关注文章的首段和结尾段及各个段落的主题句。
常见设问形式有：What is the main idea of the passage?Which of the following can best summarize the passage?What is the message conveyed in the story?What does the passage mainly present?What is the main theme of the story?What does the story mainly tell us?What does the passage mainly talk about?The passage is mainly about ______.The main purpo se of the passage is to ______.The passage is mainly written to ______.3. 段落大意类每个段落通常都有一个中心思想，通常会在本段首句体现出来，即常说的段落主题句。
理解作者的意图、观点和态度讲义- 高考英语阅读理解复习
理解作者的意图、观点和态度一、解题技巧1. 写作意图题不同的文体对应不同的写作意图，大致有以下几种：·To entertain ...：多见于故事类的文章。
·To advertise ...：多见于广告类的文章。
在此类文章中，作者通过介绍产品﹑服务、旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等来达到宣传的目的。
·To inform / stress / explain ...：多见于科普类﹑新闻报道类的文章。
作者主要是想说明情况或阐明事理。
·To persuade / provide guidance on ...：多见于议论文及评论类的文章。
作者是为了说服读者接受或赞同自己的观点。
2. 作者观点、态度题作者的观点、态度往往体现在所用的某个词或短语之中，或隐含在文章的某些句子或某个段落中。
因此，解这类题除了可以通过文中带感情色彩的词来判断作者的观点、态度外，还可根据作者提供的例证推断其暗示的观点、态度，或者通过概括全文主旨来做出正确选择。
二、真题分析以下内容均选编自高考真题，我们将结合上面提到的解题技巧对各题进行分析解答。
ABy the end of the century, if not sooner, the world’s oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.At the heart of the phenomenon lie tiny marine microorganisms ( 海洋微生物 ) called phytoplankton. Because of the way light reflects off the organisms, these phytoplankton create colourful patterns at the ocean surface. Ocean colour varies from green to blue, depending on the type and concentration of phytoplankton. Climate change will fuel the growth of phytoplankton in some areas, while reducing it in other spots, leading to changes in the ocean’s appearance.Phytoplankton live at the ocean surface, where they pull carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) into the ocean while giving off oxygen. When these organisms die, they bury carbon in the deep ocean, an important process that helps to regulate the global climate. But phytoplankton are vulnerable to the ocean’s warming trend. Warming changes key characteristics of the ocean and can affect phytoplankton growth, since they need not only sunlight and carbon dioxide to grow, but also nutrients.Stephanie Dutkiewicz, a scientist in MIT’s Center for Global Change Science, built a climate model that projects changes to the oceans throughout the century. In a world that warms up by 3℃, it found that multiple changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. The model projects that currently blue areas with little phytoplankton could become even bluer. But in some waters, such as those of the Arctic, a warming will make conditions riper for phytoplankton, and these areas will turn greener. “Not only are the quantities of phytoplankton in the ocean changing,” she said, “but the type of phytoplankton is changing.”And why does that matter? Phytoplankton are the base of the food web. If certain kinds begin to disappear from the ocean, Dutkiewicz said, “it will change the type of fish that will be able to survive.” Those kinds of changes could affect the food chain.Whatever colour changes the ocean experiences in the coming decades will probably be too gradual and unnoticeable, but they could mean significant changes. “It’ll be a while before we canstatistically show that the changes are happening because of climate change,”Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the colour of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals that we really have changed our planet.”1. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To assess the consequences of ocean colour changes.B. To analyse the composition of the ocean food chain.C. To explain the effects of climate change on oceans.D. To introduce a new method to study phytoplankton.分析：本文是一篇说明文。
英语阅读理解——主旨大意 大集合
2011届英语阅读理解专练主旨大意题A.设题方式①.考查文章的中心思想The main idea/key point of this passage is that_____.The passage is mainly about __.From the passage we can learn/conclude that_________.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?②.考查文章标题的选择The best title/headline for this passage is_________.Which of the following is the best title?What would be the best title for the text?The title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is_________.③.考查作者的写作态度和意图What is the author’s main purpose in this passage?The writer’s purpose in writing this story is____.In the passage the author wants to tell___.The writer’s attitude toward ... is___.B.干扰项特点①. 以偏概全。
干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容，也就是文章的局部信息。
②. 断章取义。
干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容，或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点。
③. 主题扩大。
干扰项所归纳、概括的范围过大，超过文章实际所讨论的内容。
④. 张冠李戴。
命题者有意地把属于A的特征放在B的身上，构成一个干扰项。
初中英语阅读理解题的解题方法与技巧课件
根据对比确定词义
技巧 3 根据同义词的替代关系猜词义In the ancient city of Rome , we visited every mansion , church, battle site, theatre and other public halls.mansion 建筑物或场所
l 如： 09年武汉中考阅读C篇l 文章最后一句“In fact,the true love is not
built on friendship,loyalty or blood
relationship.Instead,itis based on no
relationship.真正的爱不以友谊、忠诚抑或
技巧 1 根据定义或解释猜测词义
Our maths professor claims that all the problems he gives us are simple ones ，however， we feel that they are intricate and hard to solve．Intricate 复杂的
根据上下文情景确定词义
The old man put on his spectacles and began to read．spectacles 老花镜
根据常识、经验猜生词
He has renamed the restaurant“Paradise” .rename 重新起名，改名
提问方式：
2)问中心The first paragraph is mainly about the _____ The passage is mostly about____
3) 问目的；态度The author wants to tell ____ The purpose of this article is to ____
英语阅读微技能----主旨大意解题技巧
阅读微技能----主旨大意解题技巧教学目标➢ 1. 通过文章中的关键词、句，把握语篇的内容、主旨、作者的观点、态度及意图等。
➢ 2. 让学生掌握一定的阅读理解的解题技巧，提高学生分析问题、解决问题和综合运用英语语言的能力。
➢ 3.培养学生自主学习能力；让学生获得成功感的同时增强对英语阅读的信心。
1.考察写作目的的设问方式（1）考查整篇文章的写作目的The writer writes this passage in order to _____.T he writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to _____.The purpose of this article is to …The passage is intended to…(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图The writer uses the example of…to show that _____.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____.…are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____.2.常见的写作意图⑴整篇文章的写作意图：to persuade readers to buy something; 说服读者接受某种观点to sell a product or a service; 推销一种产品﹑一种服务to attract more visitors / readers / audience(旅游景点﹑报刊杂志﹑影片﹑电视节目等的介绍)(让读者得到某种启示或教育)to inform readers of some information（告知读者某些信息）⑵某处的写作意图文章的开头：作者在文章开头提出问题一般是为了让读者思考，或是简单介绍与主题有关to draw the readers’ attention to the topic / to serve as an introduction to the discussion）三.. 标题类主旨大意题1.标题的设问方式①The best title / headline for this passage is②The text could be entitled …2. 选择标题的原则①新颖性原则，能够吸引眼球。
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（一） 语言知识目标：
推断作者观点或态度
推断写作目的
(二) 阅读技能与信息能力目标：
能从文章中获取主要信息并摘录要点；能理解表格主旨，作者意图；能提取、 筛选文章中的信息。
（三）多元能力发展目标：
培养、发展学生的语言能力，逻辑思维能力，人际之间合作能力，以及观察 能力。
学海无涯
英语阅读理解文章（作者）意图解题指导教学设计
I．设计思路 《高中英语新课程标准》明确指出：“高中英语课程要有利于学生优化英语 学习方法，使他们通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法，充分发挥自己 的学习潜能，形成有效的学习策略，提高自主学习的能力。” 高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求：要求考生读懂简易的英语文学作品、科普 文章、公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章并回答 相关问题。考生应能： 1、理解主旨要义； 2、理解文中具体信息； 3、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 4、作出简单判断和理解； 5、理解文章的基本结构； 6、理解作者的意图和态度； 7、根据所读，用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容 或作要词词语转换。 因此有关阅读理解题目主要有以下四种： 主旨大意型 事实细节型 词义猜测型 推理判断型 让我们比较一下近两年江苏高考卷阅读理解题的分类题量。
设计反思：
通过练习引导、帮助学生把握作者写作思路，这样有利于学生把握文章段落 中心；培养学生善于抓住段落中心及在阅读中处理信息的能力；并帮助学生了解 习作时谋篇布局的技巧。（注：阅读的过程实质是获取、加工、处理信息的过程， 要求读者积极的思维活动。）
体现高中英语教学目标：综合语言运用能力。教师加以适当引导与提示；目 的在于鼓励学生应用语言表达思想、恰当运用语言的能力。
（四）学习策略目标：
在阅读英语合作式学习中，完成任务；通过各种途径获取相关信息，分析 并运用有效信息来完成写作任务。
III．教学重点与难点：
作者及文章意图的判断
IV．教学方法：
根据高中英语课程标准，及英语教学的理论和实践，以及当前教学改革、 课程改革的先进理念，本课采用了任务型教学的途径，使学生以意义为中心，尽 力调动语言和非语言资源；开展自主性学习，使合作、探究与独立思考相结合， 最大程度地优化学生的学习方式，提高课堂学习的效果。
VI．结束语
普通高中英语新课程改革对高中英语教师专业化能力提出了更高的要求，为 了适应这种新的挑战，我们每一个高中英语教师都要不断提高自身的业务水平， 积极创造性地探索能促进学生综合语言运用能力发展的行之有效的新方法，努力 使自己成为具有创新精神的研究型教师。
推断题分类
1.推断隐含意义
2.推断作者观点或态度
3.推断写作目的
4.推断文章出处
5.推断文脉逻辑关系
那么，该如何掌握对推断作者观点态度题以及写作目的题的理解呢？
人物性格、态度及观点判断题： 高考阅读测试中有些是考查对作者的主导思想、被描写人物语气、言谈话语 中流露的情绪、性格倾向和作者或文中人物态度、观点等方面的理解题。做这一 类题时一定要注意：由表及里的准确把握字里行间的意思，切勿用自己的主观想 法或观点代替作者的思想观点；特别注意那些描写环境气氛的语言，以及表达感 情、态度观点的词语。要特别注意作者在文章中的措词，尤其是表达感情色彩的 形容词；能结合自己平时积累的有关英语国家的文化传统、风俗习惯等背景知识 来识别评价。
学海无涯
试 卷 推理判断 主旨归纳 细节理解 词义猜测
2008 4
2
8
1
பைடு நூலகம்
2009 7
2
5
1
2010 年高考阅读理解推理判断题型中要求考生能把握文脉逻辑关系—句与 句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
推理判断题 英语阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，而是要求阅读者根据字面意思， 通过全篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义，这就 是判断推理题。判断推理题在阅读测试中属于难题。 判断推理是一种创造性的思维活动，但它并非无章可循。判断推理题要在阅 读理解整体语篇的基础上，掌握文章的真正内涵。①要吃透文章的字面意思，从 字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。②要对文字的表面信 息进行挖掘加工，由表入里，由浅入深。从具体到抽象，从特殊到一般，通过分 析、综合、判断等进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。不能就事论事，断章取义， 以偏概全。③要忠于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知，推断未 知。立足现在，预测未来。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己 的观点代替作者的观点。④要把握句、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构。要 体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，摸准逻辑发展的方向，悟出作者的弦外之音。
V．教学设计与反思：
Main Task: 如何判断作者的观点和态度
学海无涯
如何判断写作目的 分别通过 question form 的呈现，以及技巧点拨两部分来实施教学。 1. 如何判断作者的观点和态度 Question forms: The writer’s attitude toward… is______. The writer thought that______. According to the author ______. 技巧点拨 注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的 弦外之音。 通过两道题的训练，导出说明文中作者的态度: objective, neutral 在议论文中，有：(1)positive (2)negative (3)neutral (4)approval (5) disapproval (6) indifferent (7)ironic (8)critical (9)optimistic (10)pessimistic 2. 如何判断写作目的 Question forms: (1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的 A. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____. B. What is the purpose of writing this article? C. In writing the passage, the author intends to _____. (2) 考查某处细节的写作意图 A. The writer uses the example of…to show that _____. B. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _____. C. …are mentioned in the first paragraph to _____. 常见的写作目的归纳
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写作意图推测题： 此题型要求考生根据文章的论述，推测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法 的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和形象， 客观地使读者信服某种想法或意见。这种题型要求不但能理解文章的内容，同时 还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。
II．教学目标
学海无涯
不同的文章可能有不同的写作目的, 但写作目的通常有以下三种：
(1) to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）
(2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）
(3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）
3. 总结：
推断作者的写作意图，应当关注主题句,同时把握文章的体裁，也可以推断 作者的写作目的。推断作者的观点，应当全面理解文章的内容及文章的中心思想。