unit1b自考英语00012最新教材课文翻译
unit5taa自考英语(一)00012最新教材课文翻译
∙ A FAMOUS QUOTE一个著名的报价∙∙Without music, life would be a mistake.没有音乐，生活将是一个错误。
∙——Friedrich Nietzsche——尼采∙Friedrich Nietzsche （1844-1900）, German-Swiss philosopher and writer, one of the most influential of modern thinkers.弗里德里希·尼采(1844 - 1900)、德瑞哲学家和作家,最具影响力的现代思想家之一。
∙He wrote critical texts on religion, morality, contemporary culture, philosophy and science.他撰写了有关宗教、道德、当代文化、哲学和科学的批评文章。
∙Speaking Activity演讲活动∙Making an Appointment做一个预约∙Sample Dialogue样的对话∙Read the following conversation.阅读下面的对话。
∙Pay attention to how the speakers make an appointment.注意说话者是如何预约的。
∙Cindy:Dr.辛迪:博士。
∙Peterson's office.彼得森的办公室。
∙How can I help you?我能帮你什么吗?∙David: I'd like to make an appointment.大卫:我想约个时间。
∙Would Dr.Peterson be able to see me at 9:30 tomorrow?彼得森医生明天9点半能见我吗?∙Cindy: I'm sorry, but he hasn't got any openings until 11:00, unless there's a cancellation.辛蒂:很抱歉，他11点才有空，除非有人取消预约。
自考英语一unit1-TextB
as hard as the nether millstone 铁石心肠(像下层的磨石坚硬）
as hungry as a hunter 非常饥饿（像猎人一样饥饿）
as lively as a cricket
极活泼（像蟋蟀一样活泼）
as mad as a wet hen
非常生气（像弄湿的母鸡一样生气）
and creative sentences. There is a reason why most great 语言，这是有原因的。
writers and poets are students of many languages.
unit2Tat自考英语(一)00012最新教材课文翻译
∙Section B部分B∙Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.说明:将下面的段落翻译成中文。
∙We convince ourselves that life will be better after we get married, have a baby, then another.我们说服自己，在我们结婚生子后，生活会更美好。
∙Then we are frustrated that the children aren't old enough and we'll be more content when they are.孩子们还不够大，我们会感到沮丧，等他们长大了，我们会更满足。
∙After that, we're frustrated that we have teenagers to deal with.在那之后，我们很沮丧，因为我们有十几岁的孩子要处理。
∙We will certainly be happy when they are beyond that stage.当他们超越了那个阶段，我们一定会很开心。
∙We tell ourselves that our life will be complete when our spouse gets his or her act together, when we geta nicer car, when we are able to go on a vacation, when we retire.我们告诉自己，当我们的配偶一起行动，当我们有了一辆更好的车，当我们有能力去度假，当我们退休时，我们的生活将会结束。
∙The truth is, there's no better time to be happy than right now.事实是，没有比现在更快乐的时间了。
unitb自考英语一教材课文翻译
1。
Are you interested in English?你对英语感兴趣吗?Why do you think English has become the international language ofthe modern world?为什么你认为英语已经成为现代世界的国际语言?2.2。
What reasons do you expect the author to give for learning a foreign language?你期望作者学习一门外语的原因是什么??Five Good Reasons to Learn a Foreign Language学习外语的五个好理由。
Still don't understand learning a foreign language is a good idea?还是不明白学习外语是个好主意?Read the following and you will get the idea!阅读下面的内容，你就会明白了!1.1。
Improve your native language提高你的母语I know this might not make sense at first but hear me out.我知道这可能不太有道理，但听我说完。
⑴As a person who speaks only one language, you have no basis forcomparison;⑴作为一个人, 只会说一种语言, 你没有比较的基础;all you know is your native language.你只知道你的母语。
In different languages the same i dea is often expressed in differentways.在不同的语言中，同样的思想往往以不同的方式表达。
Knowing another language gives you a great measuring stick.了解另一种语言会给你一个很大的衡量标准。
大学英语自学教程第一单元第一课翻译
[00:16.00]第一单元课文A[00:32.00]on the other hand[00:35.76]How to Be a Successful Language Learner? [00:37.89]怎样成为一名成功的语言学习者[00:40.02]"Learning a language is easy.Even a child can do it!"[00:42.75]“学好一种语言很容易。
连孩子都做得到！”[00:45.48]Most adults who are learning a second language [00:47.56] 大多数学习第二语言的成年人[00:49.63]would disagree with this statement.[00:51.51]不会同意这一说法。
[00:53.39]For them,learning a language is a very difficult task.[00:55.97] 对于他们来说，学习语言是一项很困难的任务。
[00:58.54]They need hundreds of hours of study and practice,[01:00.83]他们需要数百小时的学习和练习，[01:03.11]and even this will not guarantee success [01:05.44]就是这样也不能保证[01:07.76]for every adult language learner.[01:09.75]每一位成年语言学习者都能成功。
[01:11.73]Language learning is different from other kinds of learning.[01:14.11]语言学习不同于基它种类的学习。
[01:16.49]some people who are very intelligent[01:18.41]有些很聪明并在自己领域[01:20.33]and successful in theier fields find it difficult [01:22.70]很有成就的人却发现[01:25.08]to succeed in language learing.[01:26.96]学好语言很难。
unit3Ta自考英语(一)00012最新教材课文翻译
∙Text A一个文本∙Pre-reading Questions课前阅读问题∙∙ 1.1。
∙Which means of transport do you prefer in daily life?在日常生活中你更喜欢哪种交通工具?∙ 2.2。
∙What are the greenest ways to travel?什么是最环保的旅行方式?∙Bus Chick's Manifesto总线小鸡的宣言∙When I was in the third grade, I started riding the Metro bus alone.当我上三年级的时候，我开始独自乘坐地铁。
∙At first, I was only allowed to ride to school, but eventually my parents extended the privilege to include my favorite childhood haunts: ①Grandma's apartment, Pike Place Market and, in the summer, Seattle Center.起初,我只被允许骑车上学,但最终我父母扩展的特权包括我最喜欢的童年:①奶奶的公寓,派克市场,在夏天,西雅图中心。
∙Back then, the bus symbolized independence.那时，公共汽车象征着独立。
∙It gave me a power rare among my eight-year-old peers: the ability to get around the city without the assistance of an adult.②它给了我一个罕见的在我八岁的同龄人:能够绕过这座城市没有一个成年人的援助。
②∙By the time I turned 16, a new power beckoned: a form of transportation that was available on demand and did not require an umbrella or an extra pair of gloves.当我16岁的时候，一种新的力量正在召唤:一种可以按需提供的交通工具，不需要一把雨伞或额外的手套。
《大学英语自学教程》英语一 00012 课文电子版
《大学英语自学教程》英语一 00012 课文电子版大学英语自学教程(上)01-A. How to be a successful language learner?“Learning a language is easy, even a child can do it!”Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. For them, learning a language is a very difficult task. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner.Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. Conversely, some people who are successful language learners find it difficult to succeed in other fields.Language teachers often offer advice to language learners: “Read as mu ch as you can in the new language.”“ Practice speaking the language everyday. ”“Live with people who speak the language.”“Don’ttranslate-tryto think in the new language.”“ Learn as a child would learn; play withthe language.”But what does a successful language learner do? Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways.First of all, successful language learners are independent learners. They do not depend on the book or the teacher; they discover their own way to learn the language. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. They are good guessers who look for clues and form their own conclusions. When they guess wrong, they guess again. They try to learn from their mistakes.Successful language learning is active learning. Therefore,successful learners do not wait for a chance to use the language; they look for such a chance. They find people who speak the language and they ask these people to correct them when they make a mistake. They will try anything to communicate. They are not afraid to repeat what they hear or to say strange things; they are willing to make mistakes and try again. When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. It is more important for them to learn to thinkin the language than to know the meaning of every word.Finally, successful language learners are learners with a purpose. They want to learn the language because they are interested in the language and the people who speak it. It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to communicate with these people and to learn fromthem. They find it easy to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it.What kind of language learner are you? If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above.01-B. LanguageWhen we want to tell other people what we think, we can do it notonly with the help of words, but also in many other ways. For instance, we sometimes move our heads up and down when we want to say "yes” and we moveour heads from side to side when we want to say "no." People who can neither hear nor speak (that is, deaf and dumb people) talk to eachother with the help of their fingers. People who do not understand each other's language have to do the same. The following story shows how they sometimes do it.An Englishman who could not speak Italian was once traveling inItaly. One day he entered a restaurant and sat down at a table. When the waiter came, the Englishman opened his mouth, put his fingers in it,took them out again and moved his lips. In this way he meant to say, "Bring me something to eat." The waiter soon brought him a cup of tea. The Englishman shook his head and the waiter understood that he didn't want tea, so he took it away and brought him some coffee. The Englishman,who was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty, looked very sad. He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink. The waiter brought him wine, then beer, then soda-water, but thatwasn’t food, of course.He was just going to leave the restaurant when another traveler came in. When this man saw the waiter, he put his hands on his stomach. That was enough: in a few minutes there was a large plate of macaroni and meat on the table before him.As you see, the primitive language of signs is not always very clear. The language of words is much more exact.Words consist of sounds, but there are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words. For example, we may say "Sh-sh-sh” when we mean"keep silent.” When babies laugh, we know they are happy, and when they cry, we know they are ill or simply want something.It is the same with animals. When a dog says “G-r-r” or a cat says "F-f-f” we know they are angry.But these sounds are not language. Language consists of words which we put together into sentences. But animals can not do this: a dog can say “G-r-r” when he means "I am angry,” but he cannot say first "I” andthen "am” and then "angry.” A parrot can talk like a m an; it can repeatwhole sentences and knows what they mean. We may say that a parrot talks, but cannot say that it really speaks, because it cannot form new sentences out of the words it knows. Only man has the power to do this.02-A. Taxes, Taxes, and More TaxesAmericans often say that there are only two things a person can be sure of in life: death and taxes, Americans do not have a corner on the "death" market, but many people feel that the United States leadsthe world with the worst taxes.Taxes consist of the money which people pay to support their government. There are generally three levels of government in the United States: federal, state, and city; therefore, there are three types of taxes.Salaried people who earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government. The percentage varies from person to person. It depends on their salaries. The federal government has a graduated income tax, that is, the percentage of the tax (14 to 70 percent) increases as a person's income increases. With the high cost of taxes, people are not very happy on April 15, when the federal taxes are due.The second tax is for the state government: New York, California, North Dakota, or any of the other forty-seven states. Some states have an income tax similar to that of the federal government. Of course, the percentage for the state tax is lower. Other states have a sales tax, which is a percentage charged to any item which you buy in that state.For example, a person might want to buy a packet of cigarettes for twenty-five cents. If there is a sales tax of eight percent in that state, then the cost of the cigarettes is twenty-seven cents. Thisfigure includes the sales tax. Some states use income tax in addition to sales tax to raise their revenues. The state tax laws are diverse and confusing.The third tax is for the city. This tax comes in two forms: property tax (people who own a home have to pay taxes on it) and excise tax, which is charged on cars in a city. The cities use these funds for education, police and fire departments, public works and municipal buildings.Since Americans pay such high taxes, they often feel that they are working one day each week just to pay their taxes. People always complain about taxes. They often protest that the government uses their tax dollars in the wrong way. They say that it spends too much on useless and impractical programs. Although Americans have different views on many issues, they tend to agree on one subject: taxes are too high.02-B. AdvertisingAdvertising is only part of the total sales effort, but it is the part that attracts the most attention. This is natural enough because advertising is designed for just that purpose. In newspapers, in magazines, in the mail, on radio and television, we constantly see and hear the messages for hundreds of different products and services. Forthe most part, they are the kinds of things that we can be persuaded to buy – foodand drinks, cars and television sets, furniture and clothing, travel and leisure time activities.The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad. Every day the newspapers carry a few pages of these ads; in the large Sundayeditions there may be several sections of them. A classified ad is usually only a few lines long. It is really a notice or announcementthat something is available.Newspapers also carry a large amount of display advertising. Most of it is for stores or for various forms of entertainment. Newspapers generally reach an audience only in a limited area. To bring their message to a larger audience, many who want to put out their ads use national magazines. Many of the techniques of modern advertising were developed in magazine ads. The use of bright colors, attractive pictures, and short messages is all characteristic of magazine ads. The most important purpose is to catch the eye. The message itself is usually short, often no more than a slogan which the public identifies with the product.The same techniques have been carried over into television advertising. Voices and music have been added to color and pictures to catch the ear as well as the eye. Television ads are short –usuallyonly 15,30,or 60 seconds, but they are repeated over and over again so that the audience sees and hears them many times. Commercial television has mixed entertainment and advertising. If you want the entertainment, you haveto put up with the advertising-and millions of people want the entertainment.The men and women in the sales department are responsible for the company’s advertising, They must decide on the audience they want to reach. They must also decide on the best way to get their message totheir particular audience. They also make an estimate of the costsbefore management approves the plan. In most large companies management is directly involved in planning the advertising.03-A. The Atlantic OceanThe Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discoveredby the people of Europe.Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it. One idea was that it reached out to "the edge of the world." Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot.The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific, but it isstill very large. It is more than 4,000 miles (6,000 km) wide where Columbus crossed it. Even at its narrowest it is about 2, 000 miles(3,200 km) wide. This narrowest place is between the bulge of south America and the bulge of Africa.Two things make the Atlantic Ocean rather unusual. For so large an ocean it has very few islands. Also, it is the world's saltiest ocean.There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water wasbrought to it by rivers. It would take the ocean about 4,000 yearsto dry up. On the average the water is a little more than two miles (3.2 km) deep, but in places it is much deeper. The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. This "deep" 30, 246 feet - almost six miles (9.6 km).One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises the floor of the Atlantic. This mountain range runs north and south down the middle of the ocean. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make islands. The Azores are the tops of peaks in the mid-Atlantic mountain range.Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were.Ocean currents are sometime called "rivers in the sea." One of these "river" in the Atlantic is called the Gulf Stream. It is a current of warm water. Another is the Labrador Current - cold water coming down from theArctic. Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores. Oneof its most famous fishing regions, the Grand Banks, is near Newfoundland.Today the Atlantic is a great highway. It is not, however, always a smooth and safe one. Storms sweep across it and pile up great waves. Icebergs float down from the Far North across the paths of ships.We now have such fast ways of traveling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. Columbus sailed for more than two months to cross it.A fast modern steamship can make the trip in less than four days. Airplanes fly from New York to London in only eight hours and from South America to Africa in four!03-B. The MoonWe find that the moon is about 239,000 miles (384,551km) away fromthe earth, and, to within a few thousand miles, its distance always remains the same. Yet a very little observation shows that the moon is not standing still. Its distance from the earth remains the same, butits direction continually changes. We find that it is traveling in a circle - or very nearly a circle - round the earth, going completely round once a month, or, more exactly, once every 27 1/3 days. It is our nearest neighbour in space, and like ourselves it is kept tied to the earth by the earth's gravitational pull.Except for the sun, the moon looks the biggest object in the sky. Actually it is one of the smallest, and only looks big because it is sonear to us. Its diameter is only 2, 160 miles (3,389 km), or a little more than a quarter of the diameter of the earth.Once a month, or, more exactly, once every 29 1/2 days, at the time we call "full moon," its whole disc looks bright. At other timesonly part of it appears bright, and we always find that this is the part which faces towards the sun, while the part facing away from the sun appears dark. Artists could make their pictures better if they kept in mind -- only those parts of the moon which are lighted up by the sun are bright. This shows that the moon gives no light of its own. It merely reflects the light of the sun, like a huge mirror hung in the sky.Yet the dark part of the moon’s surface is not absolutely black;generally it is just light enough for us to be able to see its outline, so that we speak of seeing "the old moon in the new moon's arms." The light by which we see the old moon does not come from the sun, but from the earth. we knows well how the surface of the sea or of snow, or even of a wet road, may reflect uncomfortably much of the sun's light on to our faces. In the same way the surface of the whole earth reflects enough of the sun's light on to the face of the moon for us to be ableto see the parts of it which would otherwise be dark.If there were any inhabitants of the moon, they would see our earth reflecting the light of the sun, again like a huge mirror hung in the sky. They would speak of earthlight just as we speak of moonlight. "The old moon in the new moon's arms" is nothing but that part of the moon's surface on which it is night, lighted up by earth light. In the same way,the lunar inhabitants would occasionally see part of our earth in full sunlight, and the rest lighted only by moonlight; they might call this "the old earth in the new earth's arms.”04-A. Improving Your MemoryPsychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that help memory: meaningfulness, organization, association, and visualization. It is useful to know how these principles work.Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels. Information that doesnot make any sense to you is difficult to remember. There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful. Many people, for instance, learn a rhyme to help them remember. Do you know the rhyme “Thirty dayshas September, April, June, and November…? ” It helps many people remember which months of the year have 30 days.Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order? Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. One example of organization is chunking. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467,13,63. Categorizing is another means of organization. Suppose you are asked to remember the followinglist of words: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat, chair. Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them asfollows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk. Needless to say, the second list can be remembered more easily than the first one.Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. In memorizing a number, you might try to associate it with familiar numbers or events. For example, the height of Mount Fuji in Japan - 12, 389 feet - might be remembered using the following associations: 12 is the number of months in the year, and 389 is the number of days in a year(365) added to the number of months twice (24).The last principle is visualization. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetition to learn the words. Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory.04-B. Short-term MemoryThere are two kinds of memory: shore-term and long-term. Information in long-term memory can be recalled at a later time when it is needed. The information may be kept for days or weeks. Sometimes information in the long-term memory is hard to remember. Students taking exam oftenhave this experience. In contrast[zzg1], information in shore-term memory is kept for only a few seconds, usually by repeating the information over and over. For example, you look up a number in the telephone book, and before you dial, you repeat the number over and over. If someone interrupts you, you will probably forget the number. In laboratory studies, subjects are unable to remember three letters after eighteen seconds if they are not allowed to repeat the letters to themselves.Psychologists study memory and learning with both animal and human subjects. The two experiments here show how short-term memory has been studied.Dr. Hunter studied short-term memory in rats. He used a special apparatus which had a cage for the rat and three doors, There was alight in each door. First the rat was placed in the closed cage. Next, one of the lights was turned on and then off. There was food for the rat only at this door. After the light was turned off, the rat had to wait a short time before it was released from its cage. Then, if it went to the correct door, it was rewarded with the food that was there. Hunter did this experiment many times. He always turned on the lights in a random order. The rat had to wait different intervals before it was released from the cage. Hunterfound that if the rat had to wait more than ten seconds, it couldnot remember the correct door. Hunter's results show that rats have a short-term memory of about ten seconds.Later, Dr. Henning studied how students who are learning English as a second language remember vocabulary. The subjects in his experiment were 75 students at the University of California in Los Angeles. They represented all levels of ability in English; beginning, intermediate, advanced, and native-speaking students.To begin, the subjects listened to a recording of a native speaker reading a paragraph in English. Following the recording, the subjects took a 15-question test to see which words they remembered. Each question had four choices. The subjects had to circle the word they had heard in the recording. Some of the questions had four choices that sound alike. For example, weather, whether, wither, and wetter are four words that sound alike. Some of the questions had four choices that have the same meaning. Method, way, manner, and system would be four words with the same meaning. Some of them had four unrelated choices. For instance, weather, method, love, and result could be used as four unrelated words. Finally the subjects took a language proficiency test.Henning found that students with a lower proficiency in English made more of their mistakes on words that sound alike; students with a higher proficiency made more of their mistakes on words that have the same meaning. Henning’s results suggest that beginning students hold the sound of words in their short-term memory, while advanced students hold the meaning of words in their short-term memory.05-A. Fallacies about FoodMany primitive peoples believed that by eating an animal they couldget some of the good qualities of that animal for themselves. They thought, for example, that eating deer would make them run as fast asthe deer. Some savage tribes believed that eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave. Man-eating may have started because people were eager to become as strong and brave as their enemies.Among civilized people it was once thought that ginger root by some magical power could improve the memory. Eggs were thought to make the voice pretty. Tomatoes also were believed to have magical powers. They were called love apples and were supposed to make people who ate themfall in love.Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up - the idea that they were poisonous. How surprised the people who thought tomatoes poisonous would be if they could know that millions of pounds of tomatoes were supplied to soldiers overseas during World War II.Even today there are a great many wrong ideas about food. Some ofthem are very widespread.One such idea is that fish is the best brain food. Fish is goodbrain food just as it is good muscle food and skin food and bone food.But no one has been able to prove that fish is any better for the brain than many other kinds of food.Another such idea is that you should not drink water with meals. Washing food down with water as a substitute for chewing is not a goodidea, but some water with meals has been found to be helpful. It makes the digestive juices flow more freely and helps to digest the food.Many of the ideas which scientists tell us have no foundation haveto do with mixtures of foods. A few years ago the belief became general that orange juice and milk should never be drunk at the same meal. The reason given was that the acid in the orange juice would make the milk curdle and become indigestible. As a matter of fact, milk always meetsin the stomach a digestive juice which curdles it; the curdling of the milk is the first step in its digestion. A similar wrong idea is that fish and ice cream when eaten at the same meal form a poisonous combination.Still another wrong idea about mixing foods is that proteins and carbohydrates should never be eaten at the same meal. Many people think of bread, for example, as a carbohydrate food. It is chiefly a carbohydrate food, but it also contains proteins. In the same way, milk, probably the best single food, contains both proteins and carbohydrates. It is just as foolish to say that one should never eat meat and potatoes together as it is to say that one should never eat bread or drink milk.05-B. Do Animals Think?The question has often been asked, Do animals think? I believe that some of them think a great deal. Many of them are like children in their sports. We notice this to be true very often with dogs and cats; but it is true with other animals as well.Some birds are very lively in their sports; and the same is truewith some insects. The ants, hardworking as they are, have their times for play. They run races; they wrestle; and sometimes they have mock fights together. Very busy must be their thoughts while engaged in these sports.There are many animals, however, that never play; their thoughts seem to be of the more sober kind. We never see frogs engaged in sport. They all the time appear to be very grave. The same is true of the owl, who always looks as if he were considering some important question.Animals think much while building their houses. The bird searchesfor what it can use in building its nest, and in doing this it thinks. The beavers think as they build their dams and their houses. They think in getting their materials, and also in arranging them, and inplastering themtogether with mud. Some spiders build houses which could scarcely have been made except by some thinking creature.As animals think, they learn. Some learn more than others. Theparrot learns to talk, though in some other respects it is quite stupid. The mocking bird learns to imitate a great many different sounds. The horse is not long in learning many things connected with the work which he has to do. The shepherd dog does not know as much about most things as some other dogs , and yet he understands very well how to take care of sheep.Though animals think and learn, they do not make any real improvement in their ways of doing things, as men do. Each kind of bird has its own way of building a nest, and it is always the same way. Andso of other animals. They have no new fashions, and learn none from each other. But men, as you know, are always finding new ways of building houses, and improved methods of doing almost all kinds of labor.Many of the things that animals know how to do they seem to knoweither without learning, or in some way which we cannot understand. They are said to do such things by instinct; but no one can tell whatinstinct is. It is by this instinct that birds build their nests and beavers their dam and huts. If these things were all planned and thought out just as men plan new houses. there would be some changes in the fashions of them, and some improvements.I have spoken of the building instinct of beavers. An English gentleman caught a young one and put him at first in a cage. After a while he let him out in a room where there was a great variety of things. As soon as he was let out he began to exercise his building instinct. He gathered together whatever he could find, brushes, baskets, boots, clothes, sticks, bits of coal, etc., and arranged them as if to build a dam. Now, if he had had his wits about him, he would have known that there was no use in building a dam where there was no water.It is plain that, while animals learn about things by their sensesas we do, they do not think nearly as much about what they learn, andthis is the reason why they do not improve more rapidly. Even the wisestof them, as the elephant and the dog, do not think very much about what they see and hear. Nor is this all. There are some thing that we understand, but about which animals know nothing. They have no knowledge of anything that happens outside of their own observation. Their minds are so much unlike ours that they do not know the difference betweenright and wrong.06-A. DiamondsDiamonds are rare, beautiful, and also quite useful. They are the hardest substance found in nature. That means a diamond can cut anyother surface. And only another diamond can make a slight cut in a diamond.Diamonds are made from carbon. Carbon is found in all living things, both plant and animal. Much of the carbon in the earth comes from things that once lived.Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds. Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot, liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth. It is thoughtthat millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth’s crust. As the liquid cooled, the carbon changed into diamond crystals.There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been found.The first known area was in India, where diamonds were found thousands of years ago. In the 1600’s, travelers from Europe brought back these。
自考英语二(00015)Unit1-TextB 课文
command v. 命令，指挥；控制 n. 指挥，控制；司令部 commander 指挥官；司令官 commandment 戒律；法令 commandant 司令官，指挥官；军事学校的校长 eg. 他命令士兵们把大门关上。 He commanded the soldiers to shut the gate. knowingly adv. 故意地；机警地，狡黠地 近义词：intentionally knowing adj. 博学的；狡猾的；心照不宣的 n. 认知 eg. 我们不知道政府有没有故意或蓄意地掩盖事实。 We did not know that whether the government knowingly or consciously choose to cover the truth.
1. a great degree of 很大程度上的 eg. All these are valid reasons for a very great degree of freedom. 所有这些都是要求高度自由的合理原因。 2. mastery n. 掌握，掌控 eg.Science offers us total mastery over environment and over our destiny. 科学给了我们对环境自身命运很大的掌控权。 He doesn’t have mastery of the basic rules of grammar. 他没有掌握语法的基本规则。
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1。
Are you interested in English你对英语感兴趣吗Why do you think English has become the international language of the modern world为什么你认为英语已经成为现代世界的国际语言2.2。
What reasons do you expect the author to give for learning a foreign language你期望作者学习一门外语的原因是什么Five Good Reasons to Learn a Foreign Language学习外语的五个好理由。
Still don't understand learning a foreign language is a good idea还是不明白学习外语是个好主意Read the following and you will get the idea!阅读下面的内容，你就会明白了!1.1。
Improve your native language提高你的母语I know this might not make sense at first but hear me out.我知道这可能不太有道理，但听我说完。
⑴ As a person who speaks only one language, you have no basis for comparison;⑴作为一个人,只会说一种语言,你没有比较的基础;all you know is your native language.你只知道你的母语。
In different languages the same idea is often expressed in different ways.在不同的语言中，同样的思想往往以不同的方式表达。
Knowing another language gives you a great measuring stick.了解另一种语言会给你一个很大的衡量标准。
It will help you better understand tenses, prepositions and all the other parts of speech we normally take for granted.它将帮助你更好地理解时态、介词以及我们通常认为理所当然的其他部分。
⑵ You will find yourself speaking and writing more precise and creative sentences.⑵你会发现自己口语和写作更精确的和创造性的句子。
There is a reason why most great writers and poets are students of many languages.大多数伟大的作家和诗人都是许多语言的学生，这是有原因的。
⑶⑶2.2。
Enhance your experience of travel提升你的旅行体验。
Traveling is one of the great joys of life and also one of the most expensive.旅行是人生最大的乐趣之一，也是最昂贵的之一。
Why not get the most out of it为什么不充分利用它呢If you don't know the language of the places you visit, you are completely excluded from the culture.如果你不知道你访问的地方的语言，你完全被排除在文化之外。
⑷ The locals shun you and you are relegated to sightseeing and taking cheesy photos.⑷当地人避开你,观光,潇洒的照片。
⑸ Knowing even a few phrases of the language will make a huge difference.⑸了解甚至几个短语的语言会产生巨大的差异。
You will meet many more people and find it much easier to get around.你会遇到更多的人，你会发现你更容易相处。
People are much more receptive if you make an effort to speak their language.如果你努力说他们的语言，人们会更容易接受。
⑹ This can turn a frustrating experience into the tr ip of a lifetime.⑹这可以让一个令人沮丧的经历变成你终身难忘的旅程。
3.3所示。
Languages are beautiful语言是美丽的Language is what makes us human.语言使我们成为人类。
It is the medium we use to share our thoughts with the rest of the world.它是我们用来与世界其他地方分享我们思想的媒介。
Can you imagine thought without language你能想象没有语言的思想吗Great language also has a wonderful musical quality.伟大的语言也有美妙的音乐品质。
Learning a new language is like learning a new way to think and a new way to sing.学习一门新语言就像学习一种新的思维方式和一种新的歌唱方式。
I am often struck by new phrases that are profoundly meaningful and melodic.我经常被那些深刻的、有意义的、有旋律的新词所打动。
⑺ At those moments I feel grateful to be alive.⑺在那一刻,我无比感激活着。
Don't sell yourself short by stubbornly ignoring every language but one.不要固执地忽视每一种语言，但不要低估自己。
⑻⑻4.4所示。
Join the global community加入国际社会Believe it or not, the majority of the world does not speak our mother tongue.信不信由你，世界上大多数人都不会说我们的母语。
We are so isolated that we hardly realize this.我们是如此的孤立以至于我们几乎没有意识到这一点。
⑼ The truth is that new thoughts and ideas are appearing everywhere and they are not being immediately translated.⑼事实是,到处都是出现的新思想和观点,他们并没有被立即翻译。
⑽ The world is getting smaller and we are coming into contact with more non-Chinese speakers all the time.⑽世界正变得越来越小,我们接触更多外国扬声器。
Gain an advantage for yourself in business and personal relationships by being able to communicate with people in their language.通过能用自己的语言与人交流，在商务和人际关系中获得优势。
⑾ This will set you apart and gain you immediate respect and credibility.⑾这将立刻使你脱颖而出,并获得尊重和信誉。
Last, but not least:最后,但并非最不重要的是:5.5。
It's just plain cool它只是普通的酷I'm not saying you should learn a few corny French pick-up lines and go saying them to everyone you meet, but knowing a foreign tongue and applying it tastefully is undeniably attractive.我并不是说你应该学习一些法国的搭讪用语，并向你遇到的每一个人说这些话，但你知道一种外国的语言，并且很有品味地运用它，这无疑是很吸引人的。
⑿ It implies education, good taste and refinement, and it will certainly make you stand out against the competition.⑿这意味着教育、品味和细化,它肯定会让你在激烈的竞争中脱颖而出。
⒀ Imagine saying a beautiful phrase with perfect pronunciation to a lovely coed.⒀想象,用美丽的辞藻,完美的发音和一个可爱的女生。
You will immediately have her attention;你会立刻引起她的注意;she will be dying to know what it means.她很想知道这意味着什么。
I know this from experience.我从经验中知道这一点。
逐句翻译。