AWL学术英语词汇资料表

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AWL英语学术词汇表

AWL英语学术词汇表

Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyse*analysed*analyser*analysers*analyses*analysing*analysis*analyst*analysts*analytic*analytical*analytically *analyze*analyzed*analyzes*analyzing approach*approachable *approached *approaches economy*economic*economical*economically*economics*economies*economist*economists*uneconomicalenvironment*environmental*environmentalist*environmentalists*environmentally*environmentsestablish*disestablish*disestablished*disestablishes*disestablishinglegislate*legislated*legislates*legislating*legislation*legislative*legislator*legislators*legislaturemajor*majorities*majoritymethod*methodical*methodological*methodologies*methodology*methodsoccur*occurred*approaching*unapproachable area*areasassess*assessable*assessed*assesses*assessing*assessment*assessments*reassess*reassessed*reassessing*reassessment *unassessed assume*assumed*assumes*assuming*assumption*assumptions *disestablishment*established*establishes*establishing*establishment*establishmentsestimate*estimated*estimates*estimating*estimation*estimations*over-estimate*overestimate*overestimated*overestimates*overestimating*underestimate*underestimated*underestimates*underestimatingevident*occurrence*occurrences*occurring*occurs*reoccur*reoccurred*reoccurring*reoccurspercent*percentage*percentagesperiod*periodic*periodical*periodically*periodicals*periodspolicy*policiesprinciple*principled*principlesauthority*authoritative*authorities available*availability*unavailable benefit*beneficial*beneficiary*beneficiaries*benefited*benefiting*benefits concept*conception*concepts*conceptual*conceptualisation *conceptualise*conceptualised *conceptualises *conceptualising *evidenced*evidence*evidential*evidentlyexport*exported*exporter*exporters*exporting*exportsfactor*factored*factoring*factorsfinance*financed*finances*financial*financially*financier*financiers*financing*unprincipledproceed*procedural*procedure*procedures*proceeded*proceeding*proceedings*proceedsprocess*processed*processes*processingrequire*required*requirement*requirements*requires*requiringresearch*researched*researcher*conceptually consist*consisted*consistency*consistent*consistently*consisting*consists*inconsistencies *inconsistency *inconsistent constitute*constituencies *constituency *constituent*constituents*constituted*constitutes*constituting*constitution*constitutions *constitutional formula*formulae*formulas*formulate*formulated*formulating*formulation*formulations*reformulate*reformulated*reformulating*reformulation*reformulationsfunction*functional*functionally*functioned*functioning*functionsidentify*identifiable*identification*researchers*researches*researchingrespond*responded*respondent*respondents*responding*responds*response*responses*responsive*responsiveness*unresponsiverole*rolessection*sectioned*sectioning*sectionssector*sectors*constitutionally *constitutive*unconstitutional context*contexts*contextual*contextualise*contextualised *contextualising *uncontextualised *contextualize*contextualized *contextualizing *uncontextualized contract*contracted*contracting*contractor*contractors*contracts create*created *identified*identifies*identifying*identities*identity*unidentifiableincome*incomesindicate*indicated*indicates*indicating*indication*indications*indicative*indicator*indicatorsindividual*individualised*individuality*individualism*individualistsignificant*insignificant*insignificantly*significance*significantly*signified*signifies*signify*signifyingsimilar*dissimilar*similarities*similarity*similarlysource*sourced*sources*sourcingspecific*specifically*specification*specifications*creates*creating *creation *creations *creative *creatively *creativity *creator*creators *recreate *recreated *recreates *recreating data define*definable *defined*defines*defining *definition *definitions *redefine *individualists*individualistic*individually*individualsinterpret*interpretation*interpretations*interpretative*interpreted*interpreting*interpretive*interprets*misinterpret*misinterpretation*misinterpretations*misinterpreted*misinterpreting*misinterprets*reinterpret*reinterpreted*reinterprets*reinterpreting*specificity*specificsstructure*restructure*restructured*restructures*restructuring*structural*structurally*structured*structures*structuring*unstructuredtheory*theoretical*theoretically*theories*theorist*theoristsvary*invariable*invariably*redefined*redefines*redefining *undefined derive*derivation*derivations *derivative*derivatives *derived*derives*deriving distribute*distributed *distributing *distribution *distributional *distributions *distributive *distributor *distributors *redistribute *reinterpretation*reinterpretationsinvolve*involved*involvement*involves*involving*uninvolvedissue*issued*issues*issuinglabour*labor*labored*labors*laboured*labouring*labourslegal*illegal*illegality*variability*variable*variables*variably*variance*variant*variants*variation*variations*varied*varies*varying*redistributed *redistributes *redistributing *redistribution *illegally *legality *legallySublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieve*achievable *achieved*achievement *achievements *achieves*achieving acquire*acquired*acquires*acquiring*acquisition*acquisitions administrate *administrates distinct*distinction*distinctions*distinctive*distinctively*distinctly*indistinct*indistinctlyelement*elementsequate*equated*equates*equating*equationparticipate*participant*participants*participated*participates*participating*participation*participatoryperceive*perceived*perceives*perceiving*perception*perceptionspositive*administration *administrations *administrative *administratively *administrator *administrators affect*affected*affecting*affective*affectively*affects*unaffected appropriate*appropriacy*appropriately *appropriateness *inappropriacy *inappropriate *inappropriately aspect*aspects *equationsevaluate*evaluated*evaluates*evaluating*evaluation*evaluations*evaluative*re-evaluate*re-evaluated*re-evaluates*re-evaluating*re-evaluationfeature*featured*features*featuringfinal*finalise*finalised*finalises*finalising*positivelypotential*potentiallyprevious*previouslyprimary*primarilypurchase*purchased*purchaser*purchasers*purchases*purchasingrange*ranged*ranges*rangingregion*regional*regionally*regionsregulateassist*assistance*assistant*assistants*assisted*assisting*assists*unassisted category*categories*categorisation *categorise*categorised *categorises *categorising *categorization *categorized *categorizes *categorizing chapter*chapters commission *finalize*finalized*finalizes*finalizing*finality*finally*finalsfocus*focused*focuses*focusing*focussed*focussing*refocus*refocused*refocuses*refocusing*refocussed*refocusses*refocussingimpact*impacted*deregulated*deregulates*deregulating*deregulation*regulated*regulates*regulating*regulation*regulations*regulator*regulators*regulatory*unregulatedrelevant*irrelevance*irrelevant*relevancereside*resided*residence*resident*residential*commissioned *commissioner *commissioners *commissioning *commissions community*communities complex*complexities *complexity compute*computation *computational *computations *computable*computer*computed*computerised *computers*computing conclude*concluded *impacting*impactsinjure*injured*injures*injuries*injuring*injury*uninjuredinstitute*instituted*institutes*instituting*institution*institutional*institutionalise*institutionalised*institutionalises*institutionalising*institutionalized*institutionalizes*institutionalizing*residents*resides*residingresource*resourced*resourceful*resources*resourcing*unresourceful*under-resourcedrestrict*restricted*restricting*restriction*restrictions*restrictive*restrictively*restricts*unrestricted*unrestrictivesecure*insecure*concludes*concluding*conclusion*conclusions *conclusive*conclusively *inconclusive *inconclusively conduct*conducted*conducting*conducts consequent*consequence *consequences *consequently construct*constructed *constructing *construction *constructions *constructive *institutionally*institutionsinvest*invested*investing*investment*investments*investor*investors*invests*reinvest*reinvested*reinvesting*reinvestment*reinvestsitem*itemisation*itemise*itemised*itemises*itemising*items*insecurities*insecurity*secured*securely*secures*securing*securities*securityseek*seeking*seeks*soughtselect*selected*selecting*selection*selections*selective*selectively*selector*selectors*selects*constructs*reconstruct *reconstructed *reconstructing *reconstruction *reconstructs consume*consumed*consumer*consumers*consumes*consuming*consumption credit*credited*crediting*creditor*creditors*credits culture*cultural*culturally journal*journalsmaintain*maintained*maintaining*maintains*maintenancenormal*abnormal*abnormally*normalisation*normalise*normalised*normalises*normalising*normalization*normalize*normalized*normalizes*normalizing*normality*normallysite*sitesstrategy*strategic*strategies*strategically*strategist*strategistssurvey*surveyed*surveying*surveystext*texts*textualtradition*non-traditional*traditional*traditionalist*traditionally*traditionstransfer*cultured *cultures *uncultured design*designed *designer *designers *designing *designs obtain*obtainable*obtained*obtaining*obtains*unobtainable*transferable*transference*transferred*transferring*transfersSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternative*alternatively *alternatives circumstance *circumstances comment*commentaries *commentary *commentator *commentators *commented emphasis*emphasise*emphasised*emphasising*emphasize*emphasized*emphasizes*emphasizing*emphatic*emphaticallyensurephilosophy*philosopher*philosophers*philosophical*philosophically*philosophies*philosophise*philosophised*philosophises*philosophising*philosophize*commenting *comments compensate*compensated *compensates *compensating *compensation *compensations *compensatory component*componentry *components consent*consensus*consented*consenting*consents considerable*considerably constant*constancy*constantly *ensured*ensures*ensuringexclude*excluded*excludes*excluding*exclusion*exclusionary*exclusionist*exclusions*exclusive*exclusivelyframework*frameworksfund*funded*funder*funders*funding*fundsillustrate*philosophized*philosophizes*philosophizingphysical*physicallyproportion*disproportion*disproportionate*disproportionately*proportional*proportionally*proportionate*proportionately*proportionspublish*published*publisher*publishers*publishes*publishing*unpublishedreact*constants*inconstancy *inconstantly constrain*constrained*constraining *constrains*constraint*constraints*unconstrained contribute*contributed*contributes*contributing *contribution*contributions *contributor*contributors convene*convention*convenes *convened *illustrated*illustrates*illustrating*illustration*illustrations*illustrativeimmigrate*immigrant*immigrants*immigrated*immigrates*immigrating*immigrationimply*implied*implies*implyinginitial*initiallyinstance*instancesinteract*reacted*reacts*reacting*reaction*reactionaries*reactionary*reactions*reactive*reactivate*reactivation*reactor*reactorsregister*deregister*deregistered*deregistering*deregisters*deregistration*registered*registering*registers*registration*convening*conventional *conventionally *conventions *unconventional coordinate*coordinated*coordinates*coordinating *coordination *coordinator*coordinators *co-ordinate*co-ordinated *co-ordinates *co-ordinating *co-ordination *co-ordinator *co-ordinators core*cores*coring *interacted*interacting*interaction*interactions*interactive*interactively*interactsjustify*justifiable*justifiably*justification*justifications*justified*justifies*justifying*unjustifiedlayer*layered*layering*layerslink*linkagerely*reliability*reliable*reliably*reliance*reliant*relied*relies*relying*unreliableremove*removable*removal*removals*removed*removes*removingscheme*schematic*schematically*schemed*schemes*cored corporate*corporates*corporation*corporations correspond*corresponded *correspondence *corresponding *correspondingly *corresponds criteria*criterion deduce*deduced*deduces*deducing*deduction*deductions demonstrate*demonstrable *demonstrably *linkages*linked*linking*linkslocate*located*locating*location*locations*relocate*relocated*relocates*relocating*relocationmaximise*max*maximised*maximises*maximising*maximisation*maximize*maximized*schemingsequence*sequenced*sequences*sequencing*sequential*sequentiallysex*sexes*sexism*sexual*sexuality*sexuallyshift*shifted*shifting*shiftsspecify*specifiable*specified*specifies*specifying*demonstrated *demonstrates *demonstrating *demonstration *demonstrations *demonstrative *demonstratively *demonstrator *demonstrators document*documentation *documented*documenting *documents dominate*dominance*dominant*dominated*dominates*dominating*domination *maximizes*maximizing*maximization*maximumminor*minorities*minority*minorsnegate*negative*negated*negates*negating*negatively*negativesoutcome*outcomespartner*partners*partnership*partnerships*unspecifiedsufficient*sufficiency*insufficient*insufficiently*sufficientlytask*taskstechnical*technicallytechnique*techniquestechnology*technological*technologicallyvalid*invalidate*invalidity*validate*validated*validating*validation*validity*validlyvolume*volumes*vol Sublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccess*accessed*accesses*accessibility *accessible *accessing*inaccessible adequate*adequacy*adequately *inadequacies *inadequacy *inadequate *inadequately annual error*erroneous*erroneously*errorsethnic*ethnicitygoal*goalsgrant*granted*granting*grantshencehypothesis*hypothesesparallel*paralleled*parallelled*parallelling*parallels*unparalleledparameter*parametersphase*phased*phases*phasingpredict*predictability*predictable*annually apparent*apparently approximate*approximated *approximately *approximates *approximating *approximation *approximations attitude*attitudes attribute*attributable*attributed*attributes*attributing*attribution civilcode*coded*codes *hypothesise*hypothesised*hypothesises*hypothesising*hypothesize*hypothesized*hypothesizes*hypothesizing*hypothetical*hypotheticallyimplement*implementation*implemented*implementing*implementsimplicate*implicated*implicates*implicating*implication*implicationsimpose*predictably*predicted*predicting*prediction*predictions*predicts*unpredictability*unpredictableprincipal*principallypriorprofessional*professionally*professionals*professionalismproject*projected*projecting*projection*projections*projectspromote*codingcommit*commitment*commitments*commits*committed*committing communicate*communicable*communicated *communicates*communicating *communication *communications *communicative *communicatively *uncommunicative concentrate*concentrated*concentrates*concentrating*concentration *imposed*imposes*imposing*impositionintegrate*integrated*integrates*integrating*integrationinternal*internalise*internalised*internalises*internalising*internalize*internalized*internalizes*internalizing*internallyinvestigate*investigated*investigates*promoted*promoter*promoters*promotes*promoting*promotion*promotionsregime*regimesresolve*resolution*resolved*resolves*resolving*unresolvedretain*retained*retaining*retainer*retainers*retains*retentionconfer*conference *conferences *conferred *conferring *confers contrast*contrasted *contrasting *contrastive *contrasts cycle*cycled*cycles*cyclic*cyclical*cycling debate*debatable *debated*debates*debating *investigating*investigation*investigations*investigative*investigator*investigatorsjob*jobslabel*labeled*labeling*labelled*labelling*labelsmechanism*mechanismsobvious*obviouslyoccupy*occupancy*occupant*occupants*retentiveseriesstatistic*statistician*statisticians*statistical*statistically*statisticsstatusstress*stressed*stresses*stressful*stressing*unstressedsubsequent*subsequentlysum*summation*summed*summing*sumsdespite dimension*dimensional*dimensions*multidimensional domestic*domestically*domesticate*domesticated*domesticating*domestics emerge*emerged*emergence*emergent*emerges*emerging *occupation*occupational*occupations*occupied*occupier*occupiers*occupies*occupyingoption*optional*optionsoutput*outputsoverallsummary*summaries*summarise*summarised*summarises*summarising*summarisation*summarisations*summarization*summarizations*summarize*summarized*summarizes*summarizingundertake*undertaken*undertakes*undertaking*undertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademy expand orient*academia*academic*academically *academics*academies adjust*adjusted*adjusting*adjustment *adjustments *adjusts*readjust*readjusted*readjusting *readjustment *readjustments *readjusts alter*alterable*alteration*alterations*altered *expanded*expanding*expands*expansion*expansionism*expansiveexpose*exposed*exposes*exposing*exposure*exposuresexternal*externalisation*externalise*externalised*externalises*externalising*externality*externalization*externalize*externalized*orientate*orientated*orientates*orientation*orientating*oriented*orienting*orients*reorient*reorientationperspective*perspectivesprecise*imprecise*precisely*precisionprime*primacypsychology*psychological*psychologically*psychologist*altering*alternate*alternating *alters*unalterable *unaltered amend*amended*amending*amendment *amendments *amends aware*awareness *unaware capacity*capacities*incapacitate *incapacitated challenge*challenged *challenger *externalizes*externalizing*externallyfacilitate*facilitated*facilitates*facilities*facilitating*facilitation*facilitator*facilitators*facilityfundamental*fundamentallygenerate*generated*generates*generatinggeneration*generationsimage*imagery*psychologistspursue*pursued*pursues*pursuing*pursuit*pursuitsratio* ratiosreject*rejected*rejecting*rejection*rejects*rejectionsrevenue*revenuesstable*instability*stabilisation*stabilise*stabilised*challengers *challenges *challenging clause*clauses compound*compounded *compounding *compounds conflict*conflicted*conflicting *conflicts consult*consultancy *consultant*consultants *consultation *consultations *consultative *consulted*consults *imagesliberal*liberalise*liberalism*liberalisation*liberalised*liberalises*liberalising*liberalization*liberalize*liberalized*liberalizes*liberalizing*liberate*liberated*liberates*liberation*liberations*liberating*liberator*liberators*liberally*stabilises*stabilising*stabilization*stabilize*stabilized*stabilizes*stabilizing*stability*unstablestyle*styled*styles*styling*stylish*stylise*stylised*stylises*stylising*stylize*stylized*stylizes*stylizing*consulting contact*contactable *contacted*contacting *contacts decline*declined*declines*declining discrete*discretely*discretion *discretionary *indiscrete*indiscretion draft*drafted*drafting*drafts*redraft*redrafted *liberalslicence*licences*license*licensed*licensing*licenses*unlicensedlogic*illogical*illogically*logical*logically*logician*logiciansmargin*marginal*marginally*marginsmedical*medicallymentalsubstitute*substituted*substitutes*substituting*substitutionsustain*sustainable*sustainability*sustained*sustaining*sustains*sustenance*unsustainablesymbol*symbolic*symbolically*symbolise*symbolises*symbolised*symbolising*symbolism*symbolize*redrafting*redrafts enable*enabled*enables*enabling energy*energetic*energetically *energies enforce*enforced*enforcement *enforces*enforcing entity*entities equivalent*equivalence evolve*evolution*evolved *mentality*mentallymodify*modification*modifications*modified*modifies*modifying*unmodifiedmonitor*monitored*monitoring*monitors*unmonitorednetwork*networked*networking*networksnotion*notionsobjective*objectively*symbolized*symbolizes*symbolizing*symbolstarget*targeted*targeting*targetstransit*transited*transiting*transition*transitional*transitions*transitory*transitstrend*trendsversion*versionswelfarewhe*evolving*evolves*evolutionary*evolutionist*evolutionists*objectivity Sublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstract*abstraction*abstractions *abstractly*abstracts accurate*accuracy*accurately*inaccuracy*inaccuracies *inaccurate acknowledge*acknowledged *acknowledges *acknowledging enhance*enhanced*enhancement*enhances*enhancingestate*estatesexceed*exceeded*exceeding*exceedsexpert*expertise*expertly*expertsneutral*neutralisation*neutralise*neutralised*neutralises*neutralising*neutrality*neutralization*neutralize*neutralized*neutralizes*neutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecede*acknowledgement *acknowledgements aggregate*aggregated*aggregates*aggregating*aggregation allocate*allocated*allocates*allocating*allocation*allocations assign*assigned*assigning*assignment*assignments*assigns*reassign*reassigned*reassigning explicit*explicitlyfederal*federation*federationsfee*feesflexible*flexibility*inflexible*inflexibilityfurthermoregender*gendersignorant*ignorance*ignore*ignored*ignores*ignoringincentive*incentives*preceded*precedence*precedent*precedes*preceding*unprecedentedpresume*presumably*presumed*presumes*presuming*presumption*presumptions*presumptuousrational*irrational*rationalisation*rationalisations*rationalise*rationalised*rationalises*rationalising*reassigns *unassigned attach*attached*attaches*attaching *attachment *attachments *unattached author*authored*authoring *authors*authorship bond*bonded*bonding*bonds brief*brevity*briefed*briefing incidence*incident*incidentally*incidentsincorporate*incorporated*incorporates*incorporating*incorporationindex*indexed*indexes*indexinginhibit*inhibited*inhibiting*inhibition*inhibitions*inhibitsinitiate*initiated*initiates*rationalism*rationality*rationalization*rationalizations*rationalize*rationalized*rationalizes*rationallyrecover*recoverable*recovered*recovering*recovers*recoveryreveal*revealed*revealing*reveals*revelation*revelationsscopesubsidy。

AWL词汇列表-表格版

AWL词汇列表-表格版

Sublist 8六级核心词汇2000 一.名词hospitality n.友好好客pastime n. 消遣,娱乐revenue n. 税收,岁入routine 常规,惯例,例行公事scorn n. 轻蔑,鄙视shortage n. 短缺,不足smash n. 打碎,粉碎stability n.稳定(性),稳固stack n. 堆,一堆standard n. 标准surface n. 表面temperament n. 气质,性格threshold n. 开端,入口tolerance n. 容忍,忍耐力transaction 处理,办理,交易trend n. 倾向,趋势transition n. 过渡,转变variation n. 变化,变动U1warehouse n. 货仓way n. 方式access n. 入口,通路,接触accommodation n. 住宿,膳宿acknowledgement承认感谢致谢pattern n. 模式penalty n. 制裁,惩罚pension n. 养老金personality n. 人格,人性pledge n. 保证,誓言position n. 位置,职位,职务predecessor 前任,原有的事物premise n. 前提,假设prescription n. 处方preservation n. 保护,防护prestige n. 威信,威望priority n. 优先(权)prestige n. 威信,威望prospect n. 前景,可能性rate n. 速度ration n. 比率reflection n. 反映,表现recession n. (经济)衰退不景气;撤退,退出 reputation n. 名声,声望reservation n. 贮存,贮藏,预订illusion n. 错觉,假象ingredient n. 成分insight n. 理解,洞察力inspection n. 检查,视察instinct n. 本能,直觉integrity n. 正直,诚实intuition n. 直觉lease n. 租约,契约legislation n. 立法,法律limitation n. 局限性缺点loyalty n. 忠诚,忠心luxury n. 奢侈,豪华manifestation n. 表现(形式)mechanism n. 机械装置minority n. 少数misfortune n. 不幸,灾难morality n. 道德,美德notion n. 概念,观念,理解obligation (法律上或道义上)责任occasion n. 场合opponent n. 敌人,对手ornament n. 装饰,装饰品admiration n. 欣赏advocate n. 提倡者,拥护者allowance n. 津贴ambition n. 野心,雄心analogy n. 相似,模拟,类比anticipation n. 预期,期望appreciation n. 感谢,感激array n. 陈列,一系列assurance n. 保证blame n. 责任blunder n. 错误,大错budget n. 预算capability n. 能力,才能cash n. 现金circulation n. (书报等的)发行量commitment n. 承诺,许诺compensation n. 补偿,赔偿consideration n. 考虑distinction n. 区分辨别emergency n. 紧急情况encouragement n. 鼓励essence n. 本质estimate n. 估计expenditure n. 开支extinction n .灭绝fashion n. 方式,样子flaw n. 裂纹,瑕疵fortune n. 财产,大笔的钱fraction n. 小部分,一点fuse n. 保险丝guarantee n. 保修单guilt n. 犯罪harmony 与…协调一致,和谐二.形容词abnormal α.不正常的absurd α.荒缪的abundant α.丰富的acute α.敏锐的锋利的aggressive α.侵略的好斗的ambiguous α.模棱两可模糊的ambitious α.有雄心有抱负的appropriate α.合适的恰当的authentic α.可靠的可信的average α.一般的普通的barren α.贫瘠的不毛的bound α.一定的chronic α.慢性的commentary α实况报道compact a. 紧凑的小巧的competitive a.竞争性的,具有竞争力的compulsory a.强迫的,强制的,义务的confidential a. 机紧的秘密的conservative a. 保守的,传统的consistent a. 和……一致conspicuous a. 显而易见的引人注目的crucial a. 关键的current a. 当前的decent a. 体面像样的还不错的delicate a. 精细的,微妙的精心处理的destructive a. 毁灭的economic a. 经济的elegant a. 优雅的优美的精致的embarrassing a. 令人尴尬的energetic a. 精力充沛的equivalent a. 相等的eternal a. 永恒的,无休止的exclusive a. 独有的,排他的extinct a. 灭绝的fake a. 假的,冒充的fatal a. 致命的,毁灭性的feasible a. 可行的feeble a. 脆弱的,虚弱的gloomy a. 暗淡的greasy a. 油腻的identical a. 相同的,一样的imaginative a. 富有想象力的爱想象的inaccessible a.达不到的,难以接近inadequate 不充分的不适当的incredible a. 难以置信的indifference a. 不关心的冷漠的indignant a. 生气的,愤怒的infectious a. 传染的,传染性的inferior a. 较次的,较劣的inferior a. 地位较低的,较差的inherent a. 固有的,生来的inspirational a. 灵感的intent a. 专心的,专注的intricate a. 复杂精细的Intrinsic a. 固有本质的内在的irreplaceable a. 不能替换的不能代替的literal a.文字的字面的逐字逐句U1 massive a. 大规模的,大量的merciful a. 仁慈的,宽大的mobile a. 活动的,流动的naive a.言行自然而天真质朴的negligible a.可忽略微不足道的notorious a.臭名昭著声名狼藉obedient a.服从的顺从的obscure a. 模糊不清的optimistic a. 乐观的original a. 原先的,最早的pathetic a. 悲哀的,悲惨的persistent a. 坚持不懈的potential a. 可能的,潜在的prevalent a. 普遍的,流行的primitive a. 原始的,早期的proficient a. 熟练的,精通的profound a. 深刻的,深远的prominent a. 突出的,杰出的prompt a. 即刻的,迅速的raw a. 自然状态的,未加工的relevant a. 与……有关的respectable a. 可尊敬的rewarding a. 值得的rough a. 粗略的,不精确的rude a. 粗鲁的,不礼貌的sensitive a. 敏感的sheer a. 完全的,十足的shrewd a. 精明的stationary a. 固定的subordinate a. 次要的,从属的subtle a. 微妙的精巧的,细微的superficial a. 肤浅的suspicious a. 对……怀疑tedious a. 冗长的,乏味的trivial a. 琐碎的,不重要的turbulent a. 动荡的,混乱的underlying a. 潜在的versatile a. 多才多艺的vivid a. 生动的,栩栩如生的void a. 无效的vulnerable a. 易受伤的worth a. 值得三.动词abandon v. 抛弃,放弃acknowledge 对…表示谢忱,报偿acquaint v. 熟悉,认识acquire(靠己能力努力行为)获得afford v. 付得起allege v. 断言,宣称alternate v. 交替,轮流anticipate v. 预期applaud v. 赞扬,称赞ascend v. 上升,攀登ascribe v. 归因于,归功于assemble v. 集合,聚集assign 分派,指派(职务,任务)attribute v. 归因于base v. 建立在……的基础上bewilder v. 迷惑,弄糊涂breed v. 培育,养育cling v. 坚守,抱紧coincide v. 相同,相一致collaborate v. 合著,合作collide v. 互撞,碰撞commence v. 开始compensate v. 补偿,赔偿complement 与……结合,补充comply v. 遵守conceive v. 想出,设想concern v. 涉及condense v. 压缩,浓缩conflict v. 冲突,战争conform v. 符合,遵守,适应confront v. 面对,面临conserve v. 保护,保存consolidate v. 巩固convey v. 表达,传达crash v. (飞机)坠毁cruise v. 航行,漫游dazzle v. 使眩目,耀眼deceive v. 欺骗,哄骗decline v. 下降,减少dedicate v. 奉献,献身,致力于defend v. 为……辩护defy v. 违抗,藐视deny v. 否认deprive v. 剥夺derive v. 得来,得到descend v. 下落descend v. 下来,下去deserve v. 值得deviate v. (使)背离,(使)偏离disguise v. 假扮,伪装dominate v. 统治,占据drain v. 渐渐耗尽duplicate v. 复制,重复eliminate v. 消除endure v. 忍受,忍耐enhance v. 提高,增加enroll 使成为……的成员,注册evoke v. 引起,唤起immerse v. 使浸没impose v. 征税,把…强加于induce v. 劝诱,诱导indulge v. 纵容,放任intend v. 意欲interpret v. 解释,说明jeopardize v. 危及,损坏linger逗留徘徊留恋迟缓,拖延locate v. 位于magnify v. 放大mean v. 打算,意欲mingle v. 混合起来,相混合minimize v. 对…做最低估计monitor v. 检测,监测neglect v. 忽视occupy v. 占领,使忙碌oppress v. 压迫originate v. 首创,起源overlap v. 部分重叠overwhelm 压倒,浸没,使不安parade v. *permeate v. 渗入,渗透prescribe指示规定,处方开药preside v. 主持prolong v. 延长,拖延promise v. 许诺propel v. 推进,推动protest v. 抗议,反对provoke v. 引起,激起radiate v. 辐射状发出,从中心向各方伸展出reconcile v. 使和好,调解refresh v. 提神,使清新(使)精神振作, (使)精力恢复, refute 证明…不对(错误的)驳诉remain v. 停留,依旧是repel v. 抗御,抵拒rescue v. 营救,救援resign v. 辞职resort v. 求助,凭借,诉诸resume v. 重新开始,继续revenge v. 报仇,报复scan v. 细察,审视scrape v. 剥下,刮下scratch v. 抓,搔U1shrink v. 收缩,减少standardize v. 使标准化steer v. 驾驶,引导strengthen v. 加强,使更强壮stretch v. 伸展subscribe v. 预订,订阅suck v. (用嘴)吸,吞噬,卷入suppress v. 镇压sustain v. 承受tackle v. 解决,处理tempt v. 引诱,劝诱terminate v. 终止,结束transmit v. 传播,传递verify v. 证实,证明view v. 视为,看做wreck v. (船只)失事四.副词deliberately ad. 故意,有意地deliberately ad.深思熟虑审慎地exclusively ad. 仅仅地explicitly ad. 明确地forcibly ad. 强行地,有力地formerly ad. 原先地以前,从前increasingly 日益越来越多地inevitably 必然地不可避免地intentionally 有意地,故意地optimistically ad. 乐观地outwardly表面上,外表上地presumably大概可能,据推测simultaneously 同时发生地somewhat 颇为,稍稍,有几分spontaneously自发地自然产生startlingly ad. 惊人地triumphantly(欣喜)胜利成功地unexpectedly ad. 意外地virtually ad. 事实上,实际地五、短语adhere to 忠于after all 毕竟,归根结底at random 随机地,任意地break out 突然发生,爆发break up 打碎but for 要不是by far 最,……得多by no means 决不,一点也不catch on 理解,明白catch up with 赶上collide with 碰撞,冲突come up with 想出,提出come up with 追及,赶上comment on 评论contrary to 与……相反contribute to 有助于,促成cope with 应付,妥善处理cut short 打断,制止do away with 消灭,废除,去掉do credit to 为……带来光荣due to 因为go in for 从事,致力于go off 爆炸hang by a thread 千钧一发,岌岌可危heap praise upon 对……大加称赞in accordance with 与……一致,按照,根据in between 在两者之间in case of 防备,以防in honour of 为纪念in response to 响应,反应in terms of 根据,从……方面来说in that 因为in the vicinity of 在附近keep off 远离,抑制lay off (暂时)解雇let alone 更不必说look into 调查look on 看待lose no time 立即make sense of sth.讲得通言之有理of no avail 无用,无效on file 存档on no account 决不,绝对不on the decline 衰落中,衰退中out of stock 无现货的,脱销的provided that 假如,若是pull up 使停下put away 放好,放起来regardless of 不管,不顾result in 导致,结果是,发生see to 照料,注意show to 引导,引领stand for 容忍,接受take on 承担,接受take over 接管,接收take to 对…产生好感,开始喜欢talk into 说服that is 即,也就是turn in 上交turn out 生产出turn to 求助于ward off 防止,避开with reference to 关于,有关work out 想出,制订出worth one’s while 值abbreviation n.节略,缩写,缩短abolish vt.废除,取消absent a.不在意的absorption n.吸收;专注abstract a.理论上的n.抽象absurd a.不合理的,荒唐的abundance n.丰富,充裕accessory n.同谋a.附属的accord n.调和,符合;协议acknowledge vt.承认;告知收到四级核心词汇表1.alter v. 改变,改动,变更2.burst vi.,n. 突然发生,爆裂3.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)4.blast n. 爆炸;气流vi. 炸,炸掉5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽6.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂a.裂开的7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出9.slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽略10.slide v. 滑动滑落n滑动滑面幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种,品种v. 繁殖,产仔13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算,作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的;丰富的;自由的17.transform v. 转变,变革;变换18.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt运输运送n运输运输工具21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变22.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的d a. 温暖的暖和的;温柔的味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害讨厌(的人或事物)30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进U132.absolute a. 绝对的无条件的;完全的33.boundary n. 分界线,边界34.brake n. 刹车,制动器v. 刹住(车)35.catalog n. 目录(册)v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳,白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的极端的n.极端过分41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料,酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视,赏识,欣赏45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励47.acquire vt. 取得,获得;学到48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行work n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪,找到n. 痕迹,踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织,编57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂62. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;63. academy n. (高等)专科院校;学会64. battery n. 电池(组)65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物67. career n. 生涯,职业68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使,责成;使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度73. exterior n. 外部,外表a. 外部的,外表的74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽79. decent a. 像样的,体面的80. route n. 路;路线;航线81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏n. 毁灭[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故,理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小,规模;等级;刻度85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,87. tend vi.易于,趋向88. tendency n.趋向,趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历,遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的,充裕的,大量的92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳93. adapt vi. 适应,适合;改编,改写vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的,口述的,口的100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学110. private a. 私人的,个人的111. individual a. 个别的,单独的n.个人,个体112. personal a. 个人的私人的;亲自的114. personnel n.总称人员员工人事部门115. the Pacific Ocean 太平洋116. the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋117. the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋118. the Antarctic Ocean 南冰洋119. grant vt. 授予,同意,准予119. grand a. 宏伟大,壮丽的,重大的120. invade v. 侵入,侵略,侵袭121. acid n. 酸,酸性物质a.酸的尖刻的122. acknowledge v. 承认;致谢123. balcony n. 阳台124. calculate vt. 计算,核算125. calendar n. 日历,月历126. optimistic a. 乐观127. optional a. 可以任选的,非强制的128. outstanding a. 杰出的突出的显著的129. export n. 出口(物v. 出口,输出130. import n. 进口(物v. 进口,输入131. impose vt. 把..加强(on);采用利用132. religion n. 宗教,宗教信仰133. religious a. 宗教的134. victim n. 牺牲品,受害者135. video n. 电视视频a.电视的录像的136. videotape n. 录像磁带v 把...录在录像带上137. offend v. 冒犯,触犯138. bother v. 打搅,麻烦139. interfere v. 干涉,干扰,妨碍140. internal a. 内部的,国内的141. beforehand ad. 预先,事先142. racial a. 人种的种族的143. radiation n. 放射物,辐射144. radical a.根本的;激进的145. range n. 幅度,范围v.(在某范围内)变动146. wonder n. 惊奇奇迹v.想知道对...感到疑惑147. isolate vt. 使隔离,使孤立148. issue n. 问题发行(报刊)一期149. hollow a. 空的,中空的,空虚道150. hook n. 钩vt. 钩住151. adequate a. 适当地;足够152. adhere vi. 粘附,附着;遵守,坚持153. ban vt. 取缔,禁止154. capture vt. 俘虏,捕获155. valid a. 有效的,有根据的;正当的156. valley n. 山谷,峡谷157. consistent a. 坚固定;一致的如一的158. continuous a. 继续的连续不断)的159. continual a. 不断地,频繁的160. explode v. 爆炸;爆发;激增161. exploit v. 剥削;利用,开采162. explore v. 勘探163. explosion n. 爆炸;爆发;激增164. explosive a 爆炸的极易引起争论的165. remote a. 遥远的,偏僻的166. removal n. 除去,消除167. render vt. 使得,致使167. render解释比较长可要仔细体会啊!168. precaution n. 预防,防备,警惕169. idle a. 懒散的,无所事事的170. identify vt. 认出,鉴定171. identify n. 身份;个性,特性172. poverty n. 贫穷173. resistant a. (to)抵抗的抗...的耐...的174. resolve vt. 解决;决定,决意175. barrel n. 桶176. bargain n. 便宜货vi. 讨价还价177. coarse a. 粗的,粗糙的,粗劣的178. coach n. 教练;长途公共汽车179. code n. 准则,法规,密码180. coil n. 线圈v. 卷,盘绕181. adult n. 成年人182. advertise v. 为...做广告183. advertisement n. 广告184. agency n. 代理商,经销商185. focus v.(使聚集n.焦点中心,聚焦186. forbid vt. 不许,禁止187. debate n./v. 辩论,争论188. debt n. 欠债189. decade n. 十年190. enclose vt. 围住;把...装入信封191. encounter vt./n. 遭遇,遭到192. globe n. 地球,世界;地球仪193. global a. 全球的;总的194. scan vt. 细看;扫描;浏览195. scandal n. 丑事,丑闻196. significance n. 意义;重要性197. subsequent a. 随后的,后来的198. virtue n. 美德,优点199. virtual a. 实际上的,事实上的200. orient vt. 使适应,(to,toward)使朝向n.东方201. portion n. 一部分202. target n. 目标,靶子vt. 瞄准203. portable a. 手提式的204. decline v. 拒绝,谢绝;下降205. illusion n. 错觉206. likelihood n. 可能,可能性207. stripe n. 条纹208. emphasize vt. 强调,着重209. emotion n. 情感,感情210. emotional a. 感情的,情绪(上)的211. awful a. 极坏的,威严的,可怕的212. awkward a. 笨拙的,棘手的213. clue n. 线索,提示214. collision n. 碰撞,冲突215. device n. 装置,设备216. devise vt. 发明,策划,想出217. inevitable a. 不可避免的218. naval a. 海军的219. navigation n. 航行220. necessity n. 必需品;必要性221. previous a. 先,前,以前的222. provision n. [pl.]给养,口粮准备设备,装置223. pursue vt. 追逐;追求;从事,进行224. stale a. 不新鲜的,陈腐的225. substitute n. 代用品vt. 代替226. deserve vt. 应受,应得,值得227. discrimination n. 歧视;辨别力228. professional a. 职业的,专门的229. secure a. 安全的,可靠的230. security n. 安全,保障231. scratch v./n. 抓,搔,扒232. talent n. 才能,天资;人才233. insurance n. 保险,保险费234. insure vt. 给...保险,保证,确保235. nevertheless ad. 仍然,然而,不过236. neutral a. 中立的,中性的237. spot n. 地点;斑点vt.认出发现玷污238. spray v. 喷,(使)溅散239. medium a.中等的适中的n.媒介物240. media n. 新闻传媒241. auxiliary a. 辅助的,备用的242. automatic a. 自动的243. compete vi. 竞争,比赛244. competent a. 有能力的,能胜任的245. competition n. 竞争,比赛246. distribute vt. 分发247. disturb vt. 打搅,妨碍248. infer v. 推论,推断249. integrate v. (into, with成为一体合并250. moist a. 潮湿251. moisture n. 潮湿252. promote vt. 促进;提升253. region n. 地区;范围;幅度254. register v./n.登记,注册255. stable a. 稳定的256. sophisticated a.老练的很复杂的257. splendid a. 极好的壮丽的,辉煌的258. cancel vt. 取消,废除259. variable a. 易变的,可变的260. prospect n. 前景,前途;景象261. prosperity n.兴旺,繁荣262. aspect n. 方面;朝向;面貌263. cope vi. (with)(成功地)应付处理264. core n. 果心,核心265. maintain vt. 维持,保持;坚持主张266. mainland n. 大陆267. discipline n. 纪律;惩罚;学科268. domestic a. 本国的,国内的;家用269. constant a. 不变的,恒定的n. 常数270. cliff n. 悬崖,峭壁271. authority n. 权威;当局272. audio a. 听觉273. attitude n. 态度274. community n. 社区,社会275. commit vt. 犯干(坏事等)276. comment n./vt. 评论277. distinguish vt. 区分,辨别278. distress n. 痛苦,悲伤vt. 使痛苦279. facility n. [pl.] 设备设施便利,方便280. faculty n. 能力,技能;系,学科,学院;全体教员281. mixture n. 混合,混合物282. mood n. 心情,情绪;语气283. moral a. 道德上的,有道德的284. prominent a. 突出的285. substance n. 物质;实质286. substantial a. 可观的牢固的实质的287. prompt vt. 促使a. 敏捷的,及时的288. vivid a. 生动的289. vocabulary n. 词汇(量);词汇表290. venture n.风险投资项目v冒险取于291. version n. 版本,译本;说法292. waist n. 腰,腰部293. weld v./n. 焊接294. yawn vi. 打哈欠295. yield vi. (to)屈服于让出放弃n产量296. zone n. 地区,区域297. strategy n. 战略,策略298. strategic a. 战略(上)的,关键的299. tense a. 紧张的v. 拉紧n. 时态300.tension n. 紧张(状态),张力301. avenue n. 林荫道,大街302. available a. 现成可用的;可得到的303. comparable a (with, to可比较类似的304. comparative a. 比较的,相对的305. dash vi. 猛冲,飞奔306. data n. 数据,资料307. dive vi. 跳水,潜水308. diverse a. 不同的,多种多样的309. entitle vt. 给...权利,给...资格310. regulate vt. 管理,调节311. release vt./n. 释放,排放;解释解脱312. exaggerate v. 夸大,夸张313. evil a. 邪恶的,坏的314. shrink vi. 起皱,收缩;退缩315. subtract v. 减(去)316. suburb n. 市郊317. subway n. 地铁318. survey n./vt. 调查,勘测319. wealthy a. 富裕的320. adjust v. 调整,调节321. attach vt. 系,贴;使附属322. profit n. 利润,益处;v. 有益于,323. profitable a. 有利可图的324. slope n. 斜坡,斜面325. reinforce vt. 增强,加强326. reject vt. 拒绝327. fatal a. 致命的;重大的328. fate n. 命运329. humble a. 谦逊的;谦虚的330. illegal a. 不合法的,非法的331. award vt. 授予,判给n.奖品,奖金332. aware a. 意识到333. column n. 柱,圆柱;栏,专栏334. comedy n. 喜剧335. dumb a. 哑的;沉默的336. dump vt. 倾卸,倾倒337. deaf a. 聋的;不愿听的338. decorate vt. 装饰,装璜339. principal a. 最重要的n.负责人校长340. principle n. 原则,原理341. prior a. 优先的,在前的342. priority n. 优先,重点343. prohibit vt. 禁止,不准344. remarkable a. 值得注意的,异常的,非凡的345. remedy n./vt. 补救,医治,治疗346. repetition n. 重复,反复347. vain a. 徒劳的,无效的348. undertake vt. 承担着手做同意答应349. unique a. 唯一的,独特的350. obstacle n. 障碍(物),妨碍351. odd a. 奇特的,古怪的;奇数的352. omit vt. 省略353. opponent n. 敌手,对手354. opportunity n. 机会,时机355. orchestra n. 管弦乐队356. semester n. 学期;半年357. semiconductor n. 半导体358. seminar n. 研讨会359. terminal a. 末端的,极限的n. 终点360. territory n. 领土361. approximate a. 大概的大约v. 近似362. arbitrary a. 随意的,未断的363. architect n. 建筑师364. architecture n. 建筑学365. biology n. 生物学366. geography n. 地理(学)367. geology n. 地质学368. geometry n. 几何(学)369. arithmetic n. 算术370. algebra n. 代数371. entertainment n. 娱乐;招待,款待372. enthusiasm n. 热情,热心373. entry n进入入口处参赛的人(或物)374. environment n. 环境375. episode n. 插曲,片段376. equation n. 方程(式)377. restrain vt. 阻止,抑制378. restraint n. 抑制,限制379. resume v. (中断后)重新开始380. severe a. 严重的381. sexual a. 性的382. simplicity n. 简单;朴素383. simplify vt. 简化384. sorrow n. 悲哀,悲痛385. stuff n. 原料,材料vt. 填进,塞满386. temporary a. 暂时的,临时的387. temptation n. 诱惑,引诱388. terror n. 恐怖389. thrust v. 挤,推,插390. treaty n. 条约,协定391. arise vi. 产生,出现,发生;起身392. arouse vt. 引起,激起;唤醒393. burden n. 重担,负荷394. bureau n. 局,办事处395. marvelous a. 奇迹般的,惊人的396. massive a. 大的,大量的,大块的397. mature a. 成熟的398. maximum a. 最高的,最大的399. minimum a. 最低的,最小的400. nonsense n. 胡说,冒失的行动401. nuclear a. 核子的,核能的402. nucleus n. 核403. retail n./v./ad. 零售404. retain vt. 保留,保持405. restrict vt. 限制,约束406. sponsor n. 发起者主办者vt.发起主办,资助407. spur n./vt. 刺激,激励408. triumph n. 胜利,成功409. tuition n. 学费410. twist vt. 使缠绕;转动;扭歪411. undergraduate n. 大学肄业生412. universal a. 普遍的通用的;宇宙的413. universe n. 宇宙414. via prep. 经由,经过,通过415. vibrate v. 振动,摇摆416. virus n. 病毒417. voluntary a. 自愿的418. volunteer n. 志愿者v. 自愿(做)419. vote v. 选举n. 选票420. wagon n. 四轮马车,铁路货车421. appoint vt. 任命,委派422. approach v. 靠近接近n.途径,方式423. appropriate a. 适当的424. bunch n. 群,伙;束,串425. bundle n. 捆,包,束vt. 收集归拢426. ceremony n. 典礼,仪式427. chaos n. 混乱,紊乱428. discount n. (价格)折扣429. display n./vt. 陈列,展览430. equivalent a. 相等的a. 相等物431. erect a. 竖直的v. 建造,竖立432. fax n./vt. 传真433. fertile a. 肥沃的;多产的434. fertilizer n. 肥料435. grateful a. 感激的436. gratitude n. 感激437. horror n. 恐怖438. horrible a. 可怕的439. Internet n. 国际互联网,因特网440. interpret v. 翻译,解释441. interpretation n. 解释,说明442. jungle n. 丛林,密林443. knot n. 结vt. 把...打成结444. leak v. 漏,渗出445. lean vi. 倾斜,倚,靠446. leap vi. 跳跃447. modify vt. 修改448. nylon n. 尼龙449. onion n. 洋葱450. powder n. 粉末451. applicable a. 可应用的,适当的452. applicant n. 申请人453. breadth n. 宽度454. conservation n. 保存,保护455. conservative a. 保守的456. parallel n. 平行线;可相比拟的事物457. passion n. 激情,热情458. passive a. 被动的,消极的459. pat v./n. 轻拍,轻打460. peak n. 山峰,顶点461. phenomenon n. 现象462. reluctant a. 不情愿的,勉强的463. rely vi. (on ,upon)依赖,指望464. relevant a. 有关的,切题的465. reliable a. 可靠的466. relief n. 轻松,宽慰;减轻467. reputation n. 名气,声誉468. rescue vt./n. 营救469. triangle n. 三角(形)470. sequence n. 连续;顺序471. shallow a. 浅的472. shiver vi/n. 发抖473. shrug v./n. 耸肩474. signature n. 签名475. sincere a. 诚挚的,真诚的476. utility n. 功用,效用477. utilize vt. 利用478. utter vt. 说出a. 完全的,彻底的479. variation n. 变化,变动480. vehicle n. 交通工具,车辆481. applause n. 鼓掌,掌声482. appliance n. 器具,器械483. consent n. 准许同意vi (to)准许同意484. conquer vt. 征服485. defect n. 缺点,缺陷486. delicate a. 易碎的;娇弱的;精美的487. evolve v.演变488. evolution n. 演变,进化489. frown v./n. 皱眉490. frustrate vt. 使沮丧491. guarantee vt./n. 保证492. guilty a. 内疚的;有罪的493. jealous a. 妒忌的494. jeans n. 牛仔裤495. liquor n. 酒,烈性酒496.liter/litre n. 升497. modest a. 谦虚道498. molecule n. 分子499. orbit n. 轨道v.(绕...)作轨道运行500.participate v. (in)参与,参加 U1 501. particle n. 微粒502. particularly ad. 特别,尤其503. respond vi. 回答,答复;反应504. response n. 回答,答复;反应505. sensible a. 明智的506. sensitive a. 敏感到,灵敏的507. tremble vi. 颤抖508. tremendous a. 巨大的;精彩的509. trend n. 趋向,倾向510. trial n. 审讯;试验511. apparent a. 显然的,明白的512. appetite n. 胃口;欲望513. deposit n. 存款,定金v.存放,储蓄514. deputy n. 副职,代表515. derive vt. 取得得到;(from)起源于516. descend v. 下来,下降517. missile n. 导弹518. mission n. 使命;代表团519. mist n.薄雾520. noticeable a. 显而易见到521. notify vt. 通知,告知522. notion n. 概念;意图,想法523. resemble vt. 像,类似于 U1524. reveal vt. 揭露525. revenue n. 收入,岁入;税收526. shelter n. 掩蔽处;住所527. shield n. 防护物盾vt. 保护,防护528. vital a. 重要的;致命的,生命的529. vitally ad. 极度,非常;致命地530. urban a. 城市的685. holy a. 神圣地,圣洁的686. hint n. 暗示,示意687. hesitate v. 犹豫688. highlight vt. 强调,突出689 .hence ad. 因此,所以;今后,从此What is the Academic Word List?The AWL is a list of words which appear with high frequency in English-language academic texts. The list was compiled by Averil Coxhead at the Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.The list contains 570 word families and is divided into 10 sublists. Sublist 1 consists of the 60 most common words in the AWL. Sublist 2 contains the next most frequently used words and so on. Each sublist contains 60 word families, except for sublist 10, which contains 30.To find these words, an analysis was done of academic journals, textbooks, course workbooks, lab manuals, and course notes.The list was compiled following an analysis of over 3,500,000 words of text.The words selected for the AWL are words which occur frequently in a range of academic subjects, including the Arts (including history, psychology, sociology, etc.), Commerce (including economics, marketing, management, etc.), Law and the Sciences (including biology, computer science, mathematics, etc.). This means that the AWL is useful to all second-language learners who wish to study in an English-speaking institution no matter what their field of study. The AWL does not, however, include technical words which are specific to a given field. Nor does it contain words which are of general use and very high frequency.Why should I learn it?You will need to know this vocabulary if you want to study in an English-speaking college or university. In fact, because these words are so common, they are even useful to those who do not plan to go on to post-secondary study in English. These are words that you will frequently see in newspapers, magazines, and novels, and hear on television, movies or in conversation.If you know the General Service List, or GSL, which is considered to contain the 2,000 most important words in basic English, and then learn the AWL, your understanding of the vocabulary found in academic texts will increase by 10%. This is important, because research shows that “If, instead of learning the Academic Word List, the learner had moved on to the third 1,000 most frequent words, instead of an additional 10% coverage there would only have been 4.3% extra coverage.”Nation, P. (2001). Learning Vocabulary in Another Language. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pressonline resources:/index.htm。

AWL英语学术词汇表

AWL英语学术词汇表

AWL英语学术词汇表(1)《英语常用学术词汇表》《英语学术词汇表》(The Academic Word Lis t, AWL)是一个由Victoria University of Wellingto n, New Zealand 的一些应用语言学家统计出来的词汇表,它包含了学术英语(English for Academic Purpose)中最常用的570个词目(headwords)。

《英语学术词汇表》分10个sublists (小类),除了第10小类包含30个词目外,其他小类均含有60个词目。

Sublist 1(第1类)包含的词汇最常用,sublist 2(第2类)中的词汇使用频率稍低,其他的sublist3 依次类推。

Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing approachapproachableapproached economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablisheslegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccurapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailablebenefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersoccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatefinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationcreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingredistribute redistributed redistributes redistributing redistribution illegality illegally legality legallySublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacy distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviouspreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregioninappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsunassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsfocusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictscomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinconclusively conductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorsinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizedunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionalcredits cultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigningdesignsnormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainabletraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsenting emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcoredcorporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominance layerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvaliddominant dominated dominates dominating dominationoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipsinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributable errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsattributedattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescodingcommitcommitmentcommitmentscommitscommittedcommitting communicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicative concentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclesimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionintegrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotespromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingcycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensionsmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemerging mechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjust expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivesreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflicting externalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contactcontactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencelicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstitutedsubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitionenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolvesevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitytransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstractsaccurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocates enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumesallocatingallocationallocations assignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassigned attachattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesincidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructpresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizing。

AWL学术英语词汇表

AWL学术英语词汇表

《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来,最常用的有570个词目(headwords),每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。

其中斜体字,analysis,在学术英语中最为常见。

Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishlegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesapproachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessmentassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatingestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentagepercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyinconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedreformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponseresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatecreatedidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationscreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreaterecreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretinginterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructuredstructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingredistributingredistributionlegally Sublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieveachievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministratively distinctdistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesparticipateparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviousadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalitypreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedassistingassistsunassisted categorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communityfinallyfinalsfocusfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesregulatesregulatingregulationregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulcommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiesinconclusively conductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedinvestorinvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalsecurityseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistsconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscredits cultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigningdesignsabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainablesurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory component emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistphilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstrainingconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributeexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativeimmigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorcontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspondcorrespondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterionjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequentialsequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallydeducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocumentsrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaldominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationnegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipstechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvolSublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequate errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributes grantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicatephasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescodingcommitcommitmentcommitmentscommitscommittedcommitting communicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicativeimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionintegrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotespromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedconcentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconfers contrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrasts cyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcycling debateinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumdebatabledebateddebatesdebating despitedimensiondimensionaldimensionsmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemerging occupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealteration expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalalterationsalteredalteringalternatealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimagepsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisechallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallystabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingconsulting contactcontactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingliberalslicencelicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitysubstitutesubstitutedsubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolvesmentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregate enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocations assignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigningreassignsunassigned attachattachedfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesincidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapability incorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisesincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operatesco-operationco-operativeco-operatively discriminatediscriminateddiscriminatesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentintervalintervalslecturelecturedlecturerlecturerssubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformationstransformedtransformingtransformstransporttransportationtransported。

AWL英语常用学术词汇表

AWL英语常用学术词汇表

AWL英语常用学术词汇表Sublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccess error parallelaccessed erroneous paralleledaccesses erroneously parallelledaccessibility errors parallellingaccessible ethnic parallelsaccessing ethnicity unparalleledinaccessible goal parameter adequate goals parametersadequacy grant phaseadequately granted phasedinadequacies granting phasesinadequacy grants phasinginadequate hence predictinadequately hypothesis predictability annual hypotheses predictable annually hypothesise predictably apparent hypothesised predicted apparently hypothesises predicting approximate hypothesising predictionapproximated hypothesize predictionsapproximately hypothesized predictsapproximates hypothesizes unpredictabilityapproximating hypothesizing unpredictableapproximation hypothetical principalapproximations hypothetically principally attitude implement prior attitudes implementation professional attribute implemented professionallyattributable implementing professionalsattributed implements professionalismattributes implicate projectattributing implicated projectedattribution implicates projecting civil implicating projection code implication projectionscoded implications projectscodes impose promotecoding imposed promoted commit imposes promotercommitment imposing promoterscommitments imposition promotescommits integrate promotingcommitted integrated promotioncommitting integrates promotionscommunicate integrating regimecommunicable integration regimescommunicated internal resolvecommunicates internalise resolutioncommunicating internalised resolvedcommunication internalises resolvescommunications internalising resolvingcommunicative internalize unresolvedcommunicatively internalized retainuncommunicative internalizes retained concentrate internalizing retainingconcentrated internally retainerconcentrates investigate retainersconcentrating investigated retainsconcentration investigates retention confer investigating retentive conference investigation seriesconferences investigations statisticconferred investigative statisticianconferring investigator statisticiansconfers investigators statistical contrast job statisticallycontrasted jobs statisticscontrasting label statuscontrastive labeled stresscontrasts labeling stressed cycle labelled stressescycled labelling stressfulcycles labels stressingcyclic mechanism unstressedcyclical mechanisms subsequentcycling obvious subsequently debate obviously sumdebatable occupy summationdebated occupancy summeddebates occupant summingdebating occupants sums despite occupation summary dimension occupational summariesdimensional occupations summarisedimensions occupied summarisedmultidimensional occupier summarises domestic occupiers summarising domestically occupies summarisationdomesticate occupying summarisationsdomesticated option summarizationdomesticating optional summarizationsdomestics options summarize emerge output summarizedemerged outputs summarizesemergence overall summarizingemergent undertakeemerges undertakenemerging undertakesundertakingundertook Sublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademy expand orientacademia expanded orientateacademic expanding orientatedacademically expands orientatesacademics expansion orientationacademies expansionism orientating adjust expansive orientedadjusted expose orientingadjusting exposed orientsadjustment exposes reorientadjustments exposing reorientationadjusts exposure perspectivereadjust exposures perspectivesreadjusted external precisereadjusting externalisation imprecisereadjustment externalise preciselyreadjustments externalised precisionreadjusts externalises prime alter externalising primacy alterable externality psychologyalteration externalization psychologicalalterations externalize psychologicallyaltered externalized psychologistaltering externalizes psychologistsalternate externalizing pursuealternating externally pursuedalters facilitate pursuesunalterable facilitated pursuingunaltered facilitates pursuit amend facilities pursuits amended facilitating ratioamending facilitation ratiosamendment facilitator rejectamendments facilitators rejectedamends facility rejecting aware fundamental rejectionawareness fundamentally rejectsunaware generate rejections capacity generated revenuecapacities generates revenuesincapacitate generating stableincapacitated generation instability challenge generations stabilisationchallenged image stabilisechallenger imagery stabilisedchallengers images stabiliseschallenges liberal stabilisingchallenging liberalise stabilization clause liberalism stabilize clauses liberalisation stabilized compound liberalised stabilizes compounded liberalises stabilizingcompounding liberalising stabilitycompounds liberalization unstable conflict liberalize styleconflicted liberalized styledconflicting liberalizes stylesconflicts liberalizing styling consult liberate stylishconsultancy liberated styliseconsultant liberates stylisedconsultants liberation stylisesconsultation liberations stylisingconsultations liberating stylizeconsultative liberator stylizedconsulted liberators stylizesconsults liberally stylizingconsulting liberals substitute contact licence substituted contactable licences substitutescontacted license substitutingcontacting licensed substitutioncontacts licensing sustain decline licenses sustainable declined unlicensed sustainabilitydeclines logic sustaineddeclining illogical sustaining discrete illogically sustains discretely logical sustenancediscretion logically unsustainablediscretionary logician symbolindiscrete logicians symbolicindiscretion margin symbolically draft marginal symbolise drafted marginally symbolisesdrafting margins symboliseddrafts medical symbolisingredraft medically symbolismredrafted mental symbolizeredrafting mentality symbolizedredrafts mentally symbolizes enable modify symbolizingenabled modification symbolsenables modifications targetenabling modified targeted energy modifies targeting energetic modifying targetsenergetically unmodified transitenergies monitor transited enforce monitored transiting enforced monitoring transitionenforcement monitors transitionalenforces unmonitored transitionsenforcing network transitory entity networked transits entities networking trend equivalent networks trends equivalence notion version evolve notions versions evolution objective welfareevolved objectively wheevolving objectivityevolvesevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstract enhance neutralabstraction enhanced neutralisationabstractions enhancement neutraliseabstractly enhances neutralisedabstracts enhancing neutralises accurate estate neutralising accuracy estates neutralityaccurately exceed neutralizationinaccuracy exceeded neutralizeinaccuracies exceeding neutralizedinaccurate exceeds neutralizes acknowledge expert neutralizing acknowledged expertise neverthelessacknowledges expertly overseasacknowledging experts precedeacknowledgement explicit precededacknowledgements explicitly precedence aggregate federal precedent aggregated federation precedesaggregates federations precedingaggregating fee unprecedentedaggregation fees presume allocate flexible presumablyallocated flexibility presumedallocates inflexible presumesallocating inflexibility presumingallocation furthermore presumptionallocations gender presumptions assign genders presumptuous assigned ignorant rationalassigning ignorance irrationalassignment ignore rationalisationassignments ignored rationalisationsassigns ignores rationalisereassign ignoring rationalisedreassigned incentive rationalisesreassigning incentives rationalisingreassigns incidence rationalismunassigned incident rationality attach incidentally rationalization attached incidents rationalizationsattaches incorporate rationalizeattaching incorporated rationalizedattachment incorporates rationalizesattachments incorporating rationallyunattached incorporation recover author index recoverableauthored indexed recoveredauthoring indexes recoveringauthors indexing recoversauthorship inhibit recovery bond inhibited revealbonded inhibiting revealedbonding inhibition revealingbonds inhibitions reveals brief inhibits revelationbrevity initiate revelationsbriefed initiated scopebriefing initiates subsidybriefly initiating subsidiarybriefs initiation subsidies capable initiations subsidisecapabilities initiative subsidisedcapability initiatives subsidisesincapable initiator subsidising cite initiators subsidizecitation input subsidizedcitations inputs subsidizescited instruct subsidizingciting instruction tapecites instructed taped cooperate instructing tapescooperated instructions tapingcooperates instructive tracecooperating instructor traceablecooperation instructors tracedcooperative instructs tracescooperatively intelligent tracingco-operate intelligence transformco-operated intelligently transformationco-operates unintelligent transformationsco-operation interval transformedco-operative intervals transformingco-operatively lecture transforms discriminate lectured transport discriminated lecturer transportationdiscriminates lecturers transporteddiscriminating lectures transporterdiscrimination lecturing transporters display migrate transportingdisplayed migrant transportsdisplaying migrants underliedisplays migrated underlay diverse migrates underlies diversely migrating underlyingdiversification migration utilisediversified migrations utilisationdiversifies migratory utiliseddiversify minimum utilisesdiversifying ministry utilisingdiversity ministered utiliser domain ministering utilisers domains ministerial utility edit ministries utilities edited motive utilizationediting motivate utilizeedition motivated utilizededitions motivates utilizeseditor motivating utilizingeditorial motivationeditorials motivationseditors motivesedits unmotivatedSublist 7 of the Academic Word Listadapt equip prohibitadaptability equipment prohibitedadaptable equipped prohibitingadaptation equipping prohibitionadaptations equips prohibitionsadapted extract prohibitiveadapting extracted prohibitsadaptive extracting publicationadapts extraction publications adult extracts quoteadulthood file quotationadults filed quotations advocate files quotedadvocacy filing quotesadvocated finite quotingadvocates infinite releaseadvocating infinitely released aid foundation releasesaided foundations releasingaiding globe reverseaids global reversalunaided globally reversed channel globalisation reverses channelled globalization reversiblechannelling grade reversingchannels graded reversals chemical grades irreversiblechemically grading simulatechemicals guarantee simulated classic guaranteed simulates classical guaranteeing simulatingclassics guarantees simulation comprehensive hierarchy sole comprehensively hierarchical solely comprise hierarchies somewhatcomprised identical submitcomprises identically submissioncomprising ideology submissions confirm ideological submits confirmation ideologically submittedconfirmed ideologies submittingconfirming infer successorconfirms inference succession contrary inferences successions contrarily inferred successive convert inferring successively conversion infers successorsconversions innovate surviveconverted innovation survivalconvertible innovated survivedconverting innovates survivesconverts innovating surviving couple innovations survivor coupled innovative survivorscoupling innovator thesiscouples innovators theses decade insert topicdecades inserted topical definite inserting topicsdefinitely insertion transmitdefinitive inserts transmissionindefinite intervene transmissionsindefinitely intervened transmitted deny intervenes transmitting deniable intervening transmitsdenial intervention ultimatedenials interventions ultimatelydenied isolate uniquedenies isolated uniquelydenying isolates uniquenessundeniable isolating visible differentiate isolation visibility differentiated isolationism visiblydifferentiates media invisibledifferentiating mode invisibilitydifferentiation modes voluntary dispose paradigm voluntarily disposable paradigms volunteerdisposal phenomenon volunteeringdisposed phenomena volunteereddisposes phenomenal volunteersdisposing prioritydynamic prioritiesdynamically prioritisationdynamics prioritiseeliminate prioritisedeliminated prioritiseseliminates prioritisingeliminating prioritizationelimination prioritizeempirical prioritizedempirically prioritizesempiricism prioritizingSublist 8 of the Academic Word Listabandon detect minimiseabandoned detectable minimisedabandoning detected minimisesabandonment detecting minimisingabandons detection minimize accompany detective minimized accompanied detectives minimizesaccompanies detector minimizingaccompaniment detectors nuclearaccompanying detects offsetunaccompanied deviate offsets accumulate deviated offsetting accumulated deviates paragraphaccumulating deviating paragraphingaccumulation deviation paragraphsaccumulates deviations plus ambiguous displace pluses ambiguities displaced practitionerambiguity displacement practitionersunambiguous displaces predominantunambiguously displacing predominance append drama predominantly appendix dramas predominateappended dramatic predominatedappends dramatically predominatesappending dramatise predominatingappendices dramatised prospectappendixes dramatising prospective appreciate dramatises prospects appreciable dramatisation radicalappreciably dramatisations radicallyappreciated dramatist radicalsappreciates dramatists randomappreciating dramatization randomlyappreciation dramatizations randomnessunappreciated dramatize reinforce arbitrary dramatized reinforced arbitrariness dramatizes reinforcementarbitrarily dramatizing reinforcements automate eventual reinforces automatic eventuality reinforcingautomated eventually restoreautomates exhibit restorationautomating exhibited restoredautomatically exhibiting restoresautomation exhibition restoring bias exhibitions revisebiased exhibits revisedbiases exploit revisesbiasing exploitation revisingunbiased exploited revision chart exploiting revisionscharted exploits schedulecharting fluctuate reschedulecharts fluctuated rescheduleduncharted fluctuates reschedules clarify fluctuating rescheduling clarification fluctuation scheduledclarified fluctuations schedulesclarifies guideline schedulingclarifying guidelines unscheduledclarity highlight tense commodity highlighted tension commodities highlighting tensely complement highlights tenser complementary implicit tensestcomplemented implicitly tensionscomplementing induce terminatecomplements induced terminal conform induces terminals conformable inducing terminatedconformability induction terminatesconformance inevitable terminatingconformation inevitability terminationconformed inevitably terminationsconforming infrastructure themeconformist infrastructures themesconformists inspect thematicconformity inspected thematicallyconforms inspecting therebynonconformist inspection uniformnonconformists inspections uniformitynonconformity inspector uniformlynon-conformist inspectors vehiclenon-conformists inspects vehiclesnon-conformity intense viacontemporary intensely virtualcontemporaries intenseness virtually contradict intensification visualcontradicted intensified visualisecontradicting intensifies visualisedcontradiction intensify visualisingcontradictions intensifying visualisationcontradictory intension visualizecontradicts intensity visualized crucial intensive visualizing crucially intensively visualization currency manipulate visually currencies manipulated widespread denote manipulatesdenotation manipulatingdenotations manipulationdenoted manipulationsdenotes manipulativedenotingSublist 9 of the Academic Word Listaccommodate diminish preliminaryaccommodated diminished preliminariesaccommodates diminishes protocolaccommodating diminishing protocolsaccommodation diminution qualitative analogy undiminished qualitativelyanalogies distort refineanalogous distorted refined anticipate distorting refinementanticipated distortion refinementsanticipates distortions refinesanticipating distorts refininganticipation duration relaxunanticipated erode relaxation assure eroded relaxedassurance erodes relaxesassurances eroding relaxingassured erosion restrainassuredly ethic restrainedassures ethical restrainingassuring ethically restrains attain ethics restraintattainable unethical restraintsattained format unrestrainedattaining formatted revolutionattainment formatting revolutionaryattainments formats revolutionariesattains found revolutioniseunattainable founded revolutionised behalf founder revolutionises bulk founders revolutionisingbulky founding revolutionist cease unfounded revolutionistsceased inherent revolutionizeceaseless inherently revolutionizedceases insight revolutionizesceasing insightful revolutionizing coherent insights revolutions coherence integral rigidcoherently intermediate rigiditiesincoherent manual rigidityincoherently manually rigidlycoincide manuals routecoincided mature routedcoincides immature routescoinciding immaturity routingcoincidence maturation scenariocoincidences maturational scenarioscoincident matured spherecoincidental matures spheres commence maturing spherical commenced maturity sphericallycommences mediate subordinatecommencement mediated subordinatescommencing mediates subordinationrecommences mediating supplementrecommenced mediation supplementaryrecommencing medium supplemented compatible military supplementing compatibility minimal supplementsincompatibility minimalisation suspendincompatible minimalise suspended concurrent minimalises suspending concurrently minimalised suspends confine minimalising suspension confined minimalist teamconfines minimalists teamedconfining minimalistic teamingunconfined minimalization teams controversy minimalize temporary controversies minimalized temporarilycontroversial minimalizes triggercontroversially minimalizing triggereduncontroversial minimally triggering converse mutual triggers conversely mutually unify device norm unificationdevices norms unified devote overlap unifiesdevoted overlapped unifyingdevotedly overlapping violatedevotes overlaps violateddevoting passive violatesdevotion passively violatingdevotions passivity violationportion violationsportions visionvisionsSublist 10 of the Academic Word Listadjacent depress ongoing albeit panel depressedassemble depresses panelledassembled depressing panellingassembles depression panelsencounter persist assembliesassembling encountered persistedassembly encountering persistence collapse encounters persistent enormous collapsed persistentlycollapses enormity persistingcollapsible enormously persistsforthcoming pose collapsingcolleague incline posedcolleagues inclination poses compile inclinations posing reluctance compilation inclinedcompilations inclines reluctantcompiled inclining reluctantlyintegrity so called compilesintrinsic straightforward compilingconceive undergo intrinsicallyinvoke conceivable undergoesconceivably undergoing invokedconceived invokes undergoneconceives underwent invokinglevy whereby conceivinginconceivable levieslikewise inconceivably convince nonetheless notwithstanding convinced convinces oddconvincing odds convincinglyunconvinced。

AWL词汇列表、释义及练习

AWL词汇列表、释义及练习

Sublist 1analyze approach area assess assume authority available benefit concept consist constitute context contract createdata define derive distribute economy environment establishestimateevidentexportfactorfinanceformulafunctionidentifyincomeindicateindividualinterpretinvolveissuelaborlegallegislatemajormethodoccurpercentperiodpolicyprincipleproceedprocessrequireresearchrespondrolesectionsectorsignificantsimilarsourcespecificstructuretheoryvarySublist 2achieve acquire administer affect appropriate aspect assist category chapter commission community complex compute conclude conduct consequent construct consume credit culture designdistinctelementequateevaluatefeaturefinalfocusimpactinjureinstituteinvestitemjournalmaintainnormalobtainparticipateperceivepositivepotentialpreviousprimarypurchaserangeregionregulaterelevantresideresourcerestrictsecureseekselectsitestrategysurveytexttraditiontransferSublist 3alternative circumstance comment compensate component consent considerable constant constrain contribute convene coordinate core corporate correspond criteria deduce demonstrate document dominate emphasisensureexcludeframeworkfundillustrateimmigrateimplyinitialinstanceinteractjustifylayerlinklocatemaximizeminornegateoutcomepartnerphilosophyphysicalproportionpublishreactregisterrelyremoveschemesequencesexshiftspecifysufficienttasktechnicaltechniquetechnologyvalidvolumeSublist 4access adequate annual apparent approximate attitude attribute civilcode commit communicate concentrate confer contrast cycle debate despite dimension domestic emerge errorethnicgoalgranthencehypothesisimplementimplicateimposeintegrateinternalinvestigatejoblabelmechanismobviousoccupyoptionoutputoverallparallelparameterphasepredictprincipalpriorprofessionalprojectpromoteregimeresolveretainseriesstatisticstatusstresssubsequentsumsummaryundertakeacademy adjust alter amend aware capacity challenge clause compound conflict consult contact decline discrete draft enable energy enforce entity equivalent evolveexpandexposeexternalfacilitatefundamentalgenerategenerationimageliberallicenselogicmarginmedicalmentalmodifymonitornetworknotionobjectiveorientperspectivepreciseprimepsychologypursueratiorejectrevenuestablestylesubstitutesustainsymboltargettransittrendversionwelfarewhereasSublist 6abstract accurate acknowledge aggregate allocate assign attach author bondbrief capablecite cooperate discriminate display diverse domainedit enhance estate exceedexpertexplicitfederalfeeflexiblefurthermoregenderignorantincentiveincidenceincorporateindexinhibitinitiateinputinstructintelligentintervallecturemigrateminimumministrymotiveneutralneverthelessoverseasprecedepresumerationalrecoverrevealscopesubsidytapetracetransformtransportunderlieutilizeadaptadult advocateaidchannel chemical classic comprehensive comprise confirm contrary convert couple decade definitedeny differentiate dispose dynamic eliminate empiricalequipextractfilefinitefoundationglobegradeguaranteehierarchyidenticalideologyinferinnovateinsertinterveneisolatemediamodeparadigmphenomenonpriorityprohibitpublicationquotereleasereversesimulatesolesomewhatsubmitsuccessorsurvivethesistopictransmitultimateuniquevisiblevoluntarySublist 8abandon accompany accumulate ambiguous append appreciate arbitrary automate biaschartclarify commodity complement conform contemporary contradict crucial currency denote detect deviatedisplacedramaeventualexhibitexploitfluctuateguidelinehighlightimplicitinduceinevitableinfrastructureinspectintensemanipulateminimizenuclearoffsetparagraphpluspractitionerpredominantprospectradicalrandomreinforcerestorerevisescheduletenseterminatethemetherebyuniformvehicleviavirtualvisualwidespreadaccommodate analogy anticipate assureattain behalfbulkcease coherent coincide commence compatible concurrent confine controversy converse device devote diminish distort durationerodeethicformatfoundinherentinsightintegralintermediatemanualmaturemediatemediummilitaryminimalmutualnormoverlappassiveportionpreliminaryprotocolqualitativerefinerelaxrestrainrevolutionrigidroutescenariospheresubordinatesupplementsuspendteamtemporarytriggerunifyviolatevisionSublist 10adjacent albeit assemble collapse colleague compile conceive convince depress encounter enormousforthcominginclineintegrityintrinsicinvokelevylikewisenonethelessnotwithstandingoddongoingpanelpersistposereluctanceso-calledstraightforwardundergowherebySublist 1* anal yze [ˈænəlaiz] vt.〈美〉分析, 分解, 解释* constitute [ˈkɔnstitju:t] vt.构成, 组成建立, 制定选定, 任命* establish [isˈtæbliʃ] vt.建立, 成立安置确定, 证实* indicate [ˈindikeit] vt.标示, 指示, 指出象征; 表明或暗示…的可能性 * occur [əˈkə:] vi.发生; 举行; 存在被发现; 想到[起]* role [rəul] n.作用, 职责角色* approach [əˈprəutʃ] n.靠近, 接近, 临近通路, 入口, 途径方式, 方法 vt.接洽, 交涉; 着手处理 vt. & vi.接近, 走近, 靠近* context [ˈkɔntekst] n.背景, 环境上下文, 语境* estimate [ˈestimeit] n.估计, 估价报价判断 vt. & vi.估计; 评价, 评估* individual [ˌɪndiˈvidjuəl] adj.个别的, 单独的, 个人的独特的 n.个人人* percent [pəˈsent] n.百分比,百分数* section [ˈsekʃən] n.章节部分部门, 科截面, 剖面地区, 区* area [ˈɛəriə] n.面积区域, 地区领域, 方面* contract [kənˈtrækt] n.契约, 合同 vt.缔结; 订契约 vt. & vi.染上(恶习, 疾病等)缩小; 紧缩* evident [ˈevidənt] adj.明显的, 明白的* interpret [inˈtə:prit] vt.解释; 说明 vt. & vi.口译; 翻译* period [ˈpiəriəd] n.(一段)时间时期, 时代学时, 课时句号, 句点* sector [ˈsektə] n.部门; 领域防御地区, 防卫区域扇形, 扇形面* assess [əˈses] vt.估价, 估计评定, 核定* create [kriˈeit] vt.创造, 创作, 创建引起, 产生* export [eksˈpɔ:t] n.输出, 出口输出[出口]物 vt. & vi.出口, 输出* involve [inˈvɔlv] vt.使某事物成为必要条件或结果; 需要使参与, 牵涉* policy [ˈpɔləsi] n.政策, 方针策略, 精明的行为, 上策保险单* significant [siɡˈnifikənt] adj.重要的, 重大的, 可观的有意义的, 有用意的意味深长的* assume [əˈsju:m] vt.假设, 臆断, 猜想假装承担, 担任, 就职呈现, 采取* data [ˈdeitə] n.资料, 材料* factor [ˈfæktə] n.因素, 要素〈数〉因子, 因数* issue [ˈisju:] n.问题, 议题; 争论点发行物放出, 流出; 发出, 发行〈正〉结果, 结局 vi.冒出, 流出; 传出 vt.出版, 发行发表, 发布分配, 发给* principle [ˈprinsəpl] n.原则, 原理准则, 规范操守, 道义工作原理* similar [ˈsimilə] adj.类似的; 同类的; 相似的; 同样的* authority [ɔ:ˈθɔriti] n.权力, 职权官方, 当局权威, 专家* define [diˈfain] vt.精确地解释; 界定规定, 确定* finance [faiˈnæns] n.财政, 金融财源, 资金, 财务情况 vt.为…供给资金,从事金融活动* labour [ˈleibə] n.劳动, 努力; 工作劳工, 工人分娩, (分娩时的)阵痛 vi.劳动; 努力艰难行进* proceed [prəˈsi:d] vi.前进; 行进进行; 继续下去* source [sɔ:s] n.河流的源头, 发源地来源, 出处原因提供资料者, 资料来源* available [əˈveiləbl] adj.可用的或可得到的可会见的, 可与之交谈的* derive [diˈraiv] vt. & vi.得到源于* formula [ˈfɔ:mjulə] n.准则, 原则公式, 方程式配方* legal [ˈli:ɡəl] adj.法律上的; 合法的; 法定的* process [ˈprəuses] n.过程, 进程工序, 制作法 vi.列队行进 vt.加工; 处理* specific [spiˈsifik] adj.明确的, 确切的, 详尽的具体的, 特有的, 特定的仅限于…的; 只发现于…的 n.特效药具体方面, 细节* benefit [ˈbenifit] n.益处, 好处救济金, 保险金 vt. & vi.有益于, 得益* distribute [disˈtribju:t] vt.分配, 分给散发; 散播; 分布* function [ˈfʌŋkʃən] n.功能; 作用; 职责函数; 与另一事物有密切关系的事物社交集会 vi.工作, 运行, 起作用* legislate [ˈledʒisleit] vt. & vi.立法; 制定法律* require [riˈkwaiə] vt.有赖于…; 需要命令, 指示要求, 规定想要* structure [ˈstrʌktʃə] n.结构, 构造有结构的事物; 复杂的整体; 建筑物 vt.组织; 安排; 构造; 制定* concept [ˈkɔnsept] n.概念; 观念; 想法* ec onomy [iˈkɔnəmi] n.节约, 节省经济体制, 经济状况* identify [aiˈdentifai] vt.认出, 识别支持, 同情 vt. & vi.等同于; 有关联* major [ˈmeidʒə] adj.较大的; 主要的; 严重的 n.少校专业; 主修科目 vi.〈美〉主修, 专攻* research [riˈsə:tʃ] n.研究; 探讨 vi.做研究, 探究, 研究, 探讨 vt.从事…的研究, 为…而做研究* theory [ˈθiəri] n.学说理论, 原理意见, 看法* consist [kənˈsist] vi.组成, 构成在于, 存在于* environment [inˈvaiərənmənt] n.环境, 周围状况, 自然环境* income [ˈinkəm] n.收入, 所得, 收益* method [ˈmeθəd] n.方法, 办法秩序, 条理* respond [riˈspɔnd] vi.有反应; 有效果; 有影响 vt. & vi.回答; 回报; 响应* vary [ˈvɛəri] vi.呈现不同 vt. & vi.(使)变化, 改变Exercise 填空练习,选择恰当的词填入句子中contract legal period available similar analysis indicates research factor economy1. He did an _______________ of the way children learn language for his Master's thesis.2. He was arrested for drunk driving because he had drunk more than the _______________ limit of alcohol.3. The culture of the United States is quite _______________ to that of Canada.4. The Canadian _______________ is largely based on natural resources.5. Environmental pollution seems to be an important _______________ in the increase in cancers all over the world.6.The apartment will be _______________ on June first.7. The young popstar became famous while still in high school after winning a _______________ with a major record label.8. Your continued lateness for class _______________ to me that you are not really a very serious student.9. Living in Berlin during the _______________ when the Berlin Wall was torn down was an unforgettable experience.10. Some _______________ into second language learning suggests that oral fluency may increase with moderate amounts of alcohol.respond approached legislation financial environment benefit individual policy source created11. The government is offering more programs which _______________ low income families.12. She _______________ her boss about getting a raise.13. Celebrities generally receive so much fan mail that it is impossible to _______________ to each and every letter personally.14. Victoria is generally a safe and friendly _______________ for foreign students to study in.15. My father's company has been experiencing some _______________ difficulties, so they are going to have to lay off some staff.16. Many people the world over are urging governments to pass _______________ limiting the development of new cloning technologies.17. In the past 5 years, this government has _______________ 15 new major parks in the province.18. The refund _______________ at this store allows you to return items for a credit, but not for cash.19. The main _______________ of jobs for teenagers in Victoria during the summertime is the tourist industry.20. Do you believe that _______________ rights are more important than the collective rights of society?data majority role interpretations establishment area formulating principles conceptualize specifically21. Very young children _______________ ideas of depth, height and size in different ways from adults.22. Guatemala is the only country in the world where American Indians are a _______________.23. The _______________ of a U.N. peacekeeping force was supposed to reduce the number of conflicts internationally.24. Varying _______________ of the Bible have resulted in the creation of many different religious groups within Christianity.25. Penelope is hoping to play the _______________ of the nurse in "Romeo and Juliet."26. The oranguatan obviously spent a lot of time and effort _______________ his plan for escape from the zoo.27. This is the first time that a political party has done advertising _______________ aimed at minority voters.28. In April of 1978, Afghanistan's armed forces seized power, and established a government based on Islamic _______________.29. There is a large play _______________ for the children near the entrance to the housing complex.30. Analysis of _______________ is a difficult and complicated processfunction consist estimate method involves proceed structure assess define section31. We will use the first week of classes to _______________ your speaking ability.32. The test will _______________ of a series of true or false questions and two essay questions.33. Nick's job as a salesman _______________ a lot of travelling around the province.34. The traditional family _______________ has undergone a great many changes in the last few decades, due to the increase in the divorce rate.35. The _______________ of the heart is to pump blood throughout the body.36. The grammar notes appear in the back _______________ of the book.37. His _______________ for the renovations to our house was $2,250.38. Attention passengers on flight 514 to Honolulu. Please _______________ to gate 33 where your plane is now boarding.40. It can be quite difficult to clearly _______________ abstract ideas such as love or friendship.sector process derive evidence constitute assume issues identifies occur theories41. About 16% of Americans work in the manufacturing _______________.42. Current _______________ trace our first human ancestor to Africa about 5 to 7 million years ago.43. Bananas and coffee together _______________ almost 38% of Costa Rica's export earnings.44. One can _______________ some important conclusions using the results of a proper set of experiments.45. He doesn't have enough _______________ to support his theories just yet.46. Our response to the controversial social _______________ of our time will determine our future.47. The music which the world _______________ with Argentina is the music of the tango.48. It will take a least a month to _______________ your application for a visa.49. Many people seem to _______________ that Canadians are just the same as Americans.50. Earthquakes _______________ in the world about once every hour.income percent contextualize exportation various distribution significantly requirements labourer authorize51. You have to _______________ the remark in the overall discussion to fully understand what was meant.52. I'm not allowed to _______________ any purchases. You'll have to talk to my boss.53. The _______________ of raw logs to Asia and the U.S. continues to be one of this province's most important industries.54. Highly unequal income _______________ remains a serious problem in Brazil.55. Denmark has the highest rate of _______________ tax in the world, at 68%.56. Inflation has risen by less than 1 _______________ this year.57. Obviously, one of the first _______________ to be a firefighter is that you be in excellent physical shape.58. Her English improved _______________ after she got a Canadian boyfriend.59. He works as a _______________ on a roadbuilding crew for the city.60. This restaurant has a wonderful buffet with dishes from _______________ countries.Sublist 2* achieve [əˈtʃi:v] vt.取得, 获得实现, 达到, 完成* community [kəˈmju:niti] n.社区, 社会, 团体大众, 公众共有, 共享* design [diˈzain] n.图样, 设计图设计, 布局目的, 打算 vt.计划, 筹划 vt. & vi.设计, 绘制* institute [ˈinstitju:t] n.协会, 学会; 学院, 研究院 vt.建立, 制定; 开始, 着手* potential [pəˈtenʃəl] adj.潜在的, 有可能的 n.潜力, 潜势, 可能性* restrict [risˈtrikt] vt.限制; 约束* acquire [əˈkwaiə] vt.获得, 得到, 养成* complex [ˈkɔmpleks] adj.由许多部分组成的, 复合的复杂的, 难懂的 n.综合体, 集合体〈心〉情结, 夸大的情绪反应* distinct [disˈtiŋkt] adj.截然不同的, 完全分开的清晰的, 明白的, 明显的* invest [inˈvest] vt.授予 vt. & vi.投资; 花费* previous [ˈpri:viəs] adj.先前的, 以前的过早的, 过急的* secure [siˈkjuə] adj.牢固的; 可靠的有把握的; 确切的 vt.握紧; 关牢使安全(使)获得; 把…弄到手* administer [ədˈministə] vt.管理, 支配给予执行, 实施* compute [kəmˈpju:t] vt.计算, 估算* element [ˈelimənt] n.(化学)元素成分, 要素, 原件一伙人基础, 纲要, 原理* item [ˈaitəm] n.一项, 一件, 一条; 项目* primary [ˈpraiməri] adj.首要的; 主要的; 基本的最初的; 初级的 * seek [si:k] vi.企图; 试图 vt.请求, 征求; 求教 vt. & vi.寻找; 探寻* affect [əˈfekt] vt.影响感动假装* conclude [kənˈklu:d] vt.得出结论; 断定决定 vt. & vi.结束* equate [iˈkweit] vt.认为某事物(与另一事物)相等或相仿* journal [ˈdʒə:nl] n.杂志, 期刊日志, 日记* purchase [ˈpə:tʃəs] n.购买, 购置买到的东西 vt.购买* select [siˈlekt] adj.精选的, 挑选出来的限制性的, 选择严格的 vt.选择; 挑选* appropriate [əˈprəupriit] adj.适当的, 恰当的 vt.挪用; 占用; 盗用拨出(款项)* conduct [kənˈdʌkt] n.举止, 行为管理(方式), 实施(方式) vt. & vi.引导, 带领, 担任指挥控制, 管理传导* evaluate [iˈvæljueit] vt.评价, 估计, 估价* m aintain [meinˈtein] vt.保持; 继续保养, 维护坚持; 主张供给; 赡养 * range [reindʒ] n.一系列变化幅度, 范围射程, 距离(山)脉 vi.变化 vt.排列* site [sait] n.位置, 场所, 地点 vt.使坐落在; 设置* aspect [ˈæspekt] n.方面方位, 朝向面貌, 模样, 神态* consequent [ˈkɔnsikwənt] adj.作为结果的, 随之发生的* feature [ˈfi:tʃə] n.特征, 特色面貌, 相貌特写, 专题节目(电影的)正片, 故事片* normal [ˈnɔ:məl] adj.正常的, 平常的正规的; 标准的* region [ˈri:dʒən] n.地区; 地带; 区域; 范围* strategy [ˈstrætidʒi] n.战略学, 兵法战略, 策略策略, 计谋 * assist [əˈsist] vt. & vi.帮助, 促进* construct [kənˈstrʌkt] vt.修建, 建立构成, 组成* final [ˈfainəl] adj.最后的, 最终的决定性的, 确定性的 n.决赛(大学的)期终考试* obtain [əbˈtein] vi.通行; 流行 vt.获得, 得到; 买到* regulate [ˈreɡjuleit] vt.控制, 管理调整; 调节* survey [səˈvei] n.调查 vt.眺望; 纵览测量; 勘察检查, 鉴定通盘考虑, 回顾* category [ˈkætiɡəri] n.种类, 类别* consume [kənˈsju:m] vt.消耗, 消费, 耗尽大吃, 大喝烧毁, 毁灭* focus [ˈfəukəs] n.焦点, 焦距; 中心 vt. & vi.(使)集中, (使)聚集调整(镜头, 眼睛)焦点[焦距]以便看清* participate [pɑ:ˈtisipeit] vt. & vi.参加, 参与* relevant [ˈreləvənt] adj.有关的, 切题的* text [tekst] n.正文, 本文原文, 全文教科书, 课本* chapter [ˈtʃæptə] n.章, 回, 篇* credit [ˈkredit] n.赊购; 赊购制度存款; 存款数额借款; 贷款赞扬, 荣誉, 功劳信任, 相信学分 vt.相信, 信任把…记入贷方, 存入(账户)* impact [ˈimpækt] n.影响, 作用冲击(力), 碰撞 vt. & vi.对某事物有影响* perceive [pəˈsi:v] vt.感觉, 察觉, 理解* reside [riˈzaid] vi.居住; 定居* tradition [trəˈdiʃən] n.传统惯例* commission [kəˈmiʃən] n.授权, 委托委员会佣金, 回扣 vt.委任, 委托* culture [ˈkʌltʃə] n.文化休养, 教养, 精神文明养殖, 培养, 栽培 vt.培植, 培养* injure [ˈindʒə] vt.伤害, 损害* positive [ˈpɔzitiv] adj.确实的, 明确的积极的; 肯定的表现得有信心和有希望的, 确信的〈数〉〈电〉正的, 阳性的完全的; 纯粹的 n.〈语〉原级形容词确实; 正量, 正数正片* resource [riˈsɔ:s] n.资源(必要时可给予)帮助、支持或安慰的事物才智; 机敏; 创造精神* transfer [trænsˈfə:] n.转移; 转让; 转录中转, 换乘, 改变路线 vt.转让 vt. & vi.转移; 迁移achieve obtained computed instituted credit residents evaluated assist primary site1. He _______________ a final mark of just over 80%.2. If I can _______________ you in any way, please let me know.3. We have to give her a lot of _______________ for our success.4. The government is looking for a _______________ on which to builda new school in this area.5. The _______________ reason he has done so well at school is that he works incredibly hard.6. Firemen had to evacuate the elderly _______________ of a local nursing home after smoke was seen coming from one of the rooms.7. If you want to _______________ real progress in your speaking skills, you need to speak English as often as possible while you are here.8. The English Program has _______________ many changes over the years in an attempt to provide an increasingly better program.9. The results of the poll have now been _______________, and will be distributed to the news media this afternoon.10. Every employee's work performance will be _______________ ona yearly basis.categories invest strategies purchased concluded resources features acquire culture participates21. Malaysia's natural resources fall into three basic _______________: agricultural, mineral, and energy.22. Parrots, most famous of all talking birds, rarely _______________ a vocabulary of more than twenty words.23. The bacteria _______________ that we examined under the microscope was actually quite beautiful to look at.24. This company needs to _______________ in new machinery if it wants to survive.25. Paul Nation has noted that the most successful second language students are those who use several different vocabulary learning _______________.26. The landscape of our planet is dominated by _______________ formed by running water.27. The American Psychological Association has _______________ that viewing violence on TV promotes aggressive behaviour in children.28. Our company simply doesn't have the _______________ to take on a project of that size.29. Everyone who _______________ in the run will receive a free T-shirt.30. It is said that the island of Manhattan was _______________ from the native people of the area for about $24 worth of goods.ranges survey administration conducted designerrestrictions finalize perceive items chapter31. The local _______________ of Greenpeace is protesting against water pollution in our area.32. The Nike swoosh was created by an American _______________ in 1971 for $35.33. Male Siberian tigers have home _______________ extending up to 1,000 square kilometres.34. The short-term memory capacity for most people is between five and nine _______________ or numbers.35. _______________ teams working in China have spent the past three years searching for signs of giant pandas in the wild.36. The _______________ has decided that the only way to cut costs is by reducing the number of employees.37. We hope to _______________ details of the agreement over the next couple of days.38. The most important process in socialization is learning to _______________ one's acts from the standpoint of other people.39. _______________ on tobacco advertising and sponsorship are key parts of a global treaty being organized by the World Health Organization to reduce smoking.40. Only the most rigorously _______________ research can produce results which are truly meaningful.commissioned journal distinct affected secure positive regions focus text consequences41. He broke the law, and now he has to face the _______________ of his actions.42. The local government has _______________ a study to see if it is worth trying to save some of the old historic buildings downtown.43. Japan covers four _______________ climate zones, from the tropics of Okinawa to the snow country of the far north.44. The results of the experiment were published in an important chemistry _______________.45. Her brother has just tested _______________ for AIDS, so she is very upset.46. You are trying to do too many things at once. It would be better to just _______________ on one thing in order to do it properly.47. The professor's lecture just repeated what is written in our assigned _______________.48. His job doesn't pay very well, but it is very _______________, so he doesn't really want to give it up.49. The economy of Canada has been _______________ a great deal by the Asian economic crisis.50. In some _______________ of Canada, winter lasts more than halfthe year.consumes transferred aspect normal previous selected injury complex equated relevant51. Patricia Chan has been _______________ to represent this company at the New York conference.52. Politics are too _______________ for me to understand, and I don't even know who to vote for.53. Teaching students to have realistic expectations is an important _______________ of second language instruction.54. An adult grey whale _______________ about 1,100 kilograms of food per day.55. Please ensure that you attach all the _______________ documents to your application.56. The African continent is often _______________ with images of starving children, but many of the people there live quite comfortably.57. The original inhabitants of New Zealand, the Maori, _______________ their history down the generations largely by word of mouth.58. His knee _______________ prevented him from playing professional basketball.59. Other than the fact that he was born with two heads, he is a fairly _______________ sort of guy.60. On April 15th, 1865, American president Abraham Lincoln died after being shot in the head the _______________ nightSublist 3* alternative [ɔ:lˈtə:nətiv] adj.两者择一的, 供替代的不寻常的, 非传统性的非正统的 n.取舍, 抉择, 可供选择的事物选择的余地, 可供选择的机会 * convene [kənˈvi:n] vt. & vi.召开, 召集* emphasis [ˈemfəsis] n.强调, 重点* interact [ˌɪntərˈækt] vi.相互作用[影响], 互相配合* philosophy [fiˈlɔsəfi] n.哲学人生哲学, 人生观达观* sex [seks] n.性别; 性男性; 女性性关系性活动, 性行为* circumstance [ˈsə:kəmstəns] n.环境, 条件, 情况境遇, 经济状况 * coordinate [kəuˈɔ:dineit] adj.同等的, 并列的 n.〈数〉坐标 vt.使协调; 使调和* ensure [inˈʃuə] vt.确保, 担保担保获得[避免]* justify [ˈdʒʌstifai] vt.证明…有理; 为…辩护* physical [ˈfizikəl] adj.身体的, 肉体的物质的自然规律的, 按自然法则的自然(界)的物理学的 n.身体检查, 体格检查* shift [ʃift] n.转换, 转变轮[换]班轮班工人计谋, 手段切换键 vi.快速行进 vt. & vi.改变, 变换, 转移, 移动去掉; 摆脱掉换挡* comment [ˈkɔment] n.评论, 意见, 解释, 批评 vt. & vi.评论; 谈论 * core [kɔ:] n.果核核心, 精髓, 要点* exclude [iksˈklu:d] vt.排除; 不包括在内* layer [ˈleiə] n.层, 层次* proportion [prəˈpɔ:ʃən] n.均衡; 相称, 协调一物与他物在数量、大小等方面的关系; 比例部分; 份儿* specify [ˈspesifai] vt.详述指定* compensate [ˈkɔmpenseit] vt. & vi.补偿, 报酬* corporate [ˈkɔ:pərit] adj.社团的, 法人的* framework [ˈfreimwə:k] n.构架; 结构* link [liŋk] n.环, 联系, 纽带 vt. & vi.连接, 联系* publish [ˈpʌbliʃ] vt. & vi.出版公布* sufficient [səˈfiʃənt] adj.足够的; 充足的* component [kəmˈpəunənt] n.成分, 组成部分, 部件, 元件* correspond [ˌkɔrisˈpɔnd] vi.相符合, 相一致相当, 相类似通信 * fund [fʌnd] n.基金, 专款现款; 资金储备, 蕴藏 vt.为…提供资金, 给…拨款* locate [ləuˈkeit] vt.找出, 指出(地点或位置) vt. & vi.(在…)设置, 坐落于* react [riˈækt] vi.起反应; 有影响反对; 对抗* task [tɑ:sk] n.工作; 任务; 差事* consent [kənˈsent] n.准许, 同意, 赞成 vi.同意; 赞成* criteria [kraɪˈtɪərɪə] n.标准* illustrate [ˈiləstreit] vt.给…加插图说明, 阐明; 表明* maximise [ˈmæksimaiz] vt.使(某事物)增至最大限度最大限度地利用(某事物)* register [ˈredʒistə] n.登记(表), 注册(簿)记录器暖气, 调风器 vt. & vi.记录; 登记; 注册显出注意到, 记住* technical [ˈteknikəl] adj.技术的; 应用科学的艺术的, 工艺的(指书等)要求有专门知识的, 使用术语的, 专业的* considerable [kənˈsidərəbl] adj.相当大(或多)的* deduce [diˈdju:s] vt.推论, 演绎* immigrate [ˈimiɡreit] vi.移入* minor [ˈmainə] adj.较小的, 较少的, 低级的, 次要的 n.未成年人副修科目* r ely [riˈlai] vi.信任; 信赖; 依赖, 依靠* technique [tekˈni:k] n.技巧, 手法, 技术技能* constant [ˈkɔnstənt] adj.始终如一的, 恒久不变的不断的, 连续发生的忠实的, 忠诚的* demonstrate [ˈdemənstreit] vi.举行示威游行(或集会) vt.说明, 演示论证, 证明显示, 表露* imply [imˈplai] vt.暗示, 暗指必然包含* negate [n iˈɡeit] vt.取消, 使无效否定; 否认* remove [riˈmu:v] vi.迁移; 移居 vt.移走; 排除开除* technology [tekˈnɔlədʒi] n.科技(总称); 工艺; 应用科学工业技术 * constrain [kənˈstrein] vt.强迫, 强使; 限制, 约束* document [ˈdɔkjumənt] n.公文, 文件, 文献 vt.证明记录, 记载* initial [iˈniʃəl] adj.最初的, 开头的* outcome [ˈautkʌm] n.结果* scheme [ski:m] n.阴谋, 诡计计划, 方案 vt. & vi.策划; 图谋* valid [ˈvælid] adj.正当的, 有充分根据的, 符合逻辑的有效的有法律效力的* contribute [kənˈtribjut] vi.起促成作用 vt. & vi.捐献, 捐助, 贡献出撰稿, 投稿* dominate [ˈdɔmineit] vt.耸立于, 俯临 vt. & vi.控制, 支配, 统治在…中占首要地位* instance [ˈinstəns] n.例子, 实例* partner [ˈpɑ:tnə] n.伙伴, 同伙, 合伙人, 股东同伴, 搭档配偶, 情人vt.做…的搭档* sequence [ˈsi:kwəns] n.有关联的一组事物, 一连串先后次序, 顺序, 连续* volume [ˈvɔlju:m] n.卷, 册, 书卷体积; 容积, 容量音量, 响度alternative considerable fund documents minor tasks cores scheme proportion interact1. He donated $50 to a _______________ to help victims of the fire.2. International oil and cocoa prices have _______________ impact on the economy of Cameroon.3. I have to go to my lawyer's to sign some _______________ relating to the sale of our house.4. His injuries were relatively _______________, so he was released from the hospital within a couple of hours of being admitted.5. The animal with the largest brain in _______________ to its size is the ant.6. Songs and story books are a wonderful way for parents to _______________ with their children.7. One of the most important _______________ in learning a foreign language is to get over one's fear of making mistakes.8. The company that I work at has a _______________ to increase its sales without increasing its costs.9. Faced with worsening health, and a doctor that didn't seem able to help him, Craig decided to try _______________ medicine.10. Stars can exist only as long as energy continues to move from their _______________ to their surfaces.。

AWL(academic-word-list)学术词汇表—雅思-托福

AWL(academic-word-list)学术词汇表—雅思-托福

IELTS,TOEFL 考试必备之AWLIntroductionTheAcademicWordListwasdevelopedbPAverilCoGheadasherMAthesisattheSchoolofLin guist icsan dAppliedLa nguageStudiesatVictoriaU niversitPofWelli ngt on ,NewZeala nd.Thelistc on tai n s570wordfamilieswhichwereselectedaccordi ngtopri nciplesoutlinedbelow.Thelistdoes noti nclu dewordsthatarei nthemostfreque nt20PPwordsofEnglish.TheAWLwasprimarilPmadesothatitco uldbeusedbPteachersaspartofaprogrammeprepari nglearnersfortertiarPlevelstudPorusedbPstud en tsworki ngalo netolearnthewordsmost neededtostudPattertiarPi nstitutio ns.TheAcademicWord ListreplacestheU ni versitPWordList.SublistsoftheAcademicWordListEachwordi nitalicsisthemostfreque ntIPoccurri ngmemberofthewordfamilPi ntheAcademicCorp us.ForeGamplea nalPsisisthemostcom mon formofthewordfamilPanalPse.Britisha ndAmerica n spelli ngisi ncludedi nthewordfamilies.socon teGtualisea ndcon teGtualizearebothi ncludedi nthefa milPco nteGtSublist1co ntai nsthemostcom mon wordsi ntheAWL.Sublist2c on tai nsthe neGtmostcom mon word s,an dso on .Thereare60familiesi neachsublist,eGceptforsublist10whichhas30. Sublist1oftheAcademicWordListan alPsean alPsed an alPser an alPsers an alPses an alPs ing an alPsis an alPst an alPsts an alPtic an alPtical an alPticallP an alPze an alPzed an alPzes an alPz ing approachapproachable approached approaches approachi ng un approachable areaareas assessassessableassessedassesses assessing assessme ntassessme ntsreassessreassessedreassess ingreassessme ntunassessedassume assumedassumes assuming assumpti onassumpti onsauthoritPauthoritativeauthoritiesavailableavailabilitP unavailable ben efitben eficialben eficiarP beneficiaries ben efitedben efiti ng ben efitscon ceptcon cepti oncon cepts conceptualcon ceptualisation con ceptualise conceptualised conceptualises conceptualis ing conceptuallP con sistcon sisted consiste ncP consiste ntcon siste ntIP creativitP econo micallP con sist ing creator econo micscon sists creators econo miesincon siste ncies recreate econo mistincon siste ncP recreated econo mistsincon siste nt recreates unecono mical con stitute recreat ing en vir onment con stitue ncies data en vir onmen tal con stitue ncP defi ne en viro nmen con stitue nt defi nable en viro nmen con stitue nts defi ned en vir onmen con stituted defi nes en vir onments con stitutes defi ning establishcon stitut ing defi niti on disestablish con stituti on defi niti ons disestablished con stituti ons redefi ne disestablishes con stituti onal redefi ned disestablishi ng con stitutio nallP redefi nes disestablishme con stitutive redefi ning establisheduncon stituti onal un defi ned establishescon teGt derive establishi ng con teGts derivati on establishme nt con teGtual derivati ons establishme nts con teGtualise derivative estimatecon teGtualised derivatives estimatedcon teGtualisi ng derived estimatesuncon teGtualised derives estimat ingcon teGtualize deriv ing estimati oncon teGtualized distribute estimati ons con teGtualizi ng distributed over-estimate uncon teGtualized distribut ing overestimate con tract distributio n overestimated con tracted distributio nal overestimates con tract ing distributio ns overestimati ng con tractor distributive un derestimate con tractors distributor un derestimated con tracts distributors un derestimates create redistribute un derestimat created redistributed evide ntcreates redistributes evide needcreat ing redistributi ng evide neecreati on redistributio n evide ntialcreati ons economP evide ntIPcreative econo mic eGportcreativelP econo mical eGportedeGporter in comes issueeGporters in dicate issuedeGport ing in dicated issueseGports in dicates issui ng factor in dicat ing labour factored in dicati on laborfactori ng in dicatio ns laboredfactors in dicative labors finance in dicator laboured finan ced in dicators labouri ng finan ces in dividual laboursfinan cial in dividualised legalfinan ciallP in dividualitP illegalfinan cier in dividualism illegalitP finan ciers in dividualist illegallPfinancing in dividualists legalitP formula in dividualistic legallP formulae in dividuallP legislateformulas in dividuals legislated formulate in terpret legislates formulated in terpretatio n legislati ng formulati ng in terpretatio ns legislatio n formulatio n in terpretative legislative formulati ons in terpreted legislator reformulate in terpret ing legislators reformulated in terpretive legislature reformulati ng in terprets majorreformulati on misi nterpret majorities reformulatio ns misi nterpretati on majoritPfun cti on misi nterpretati ons method fun cti onal misi nterpreted methodical fun ctio nallP misin terpret ing methodologica fun cti oned misi nterprets methodologies fun cti oning rein terpret methodologP fun cti ons rein terpreted methodside ntifP rein terprets occur ide ntifiable rei nterpret ing occurredide ntificati on rei nterpretatio n occurre nee ide ntified rei nterpretati ons occurre nces ide ntifies invo Ive occurri ng ide ntifP ing invo Ived occurside ntities invo Iveme nt reoccuride ntitP invo Ives reoccurred uniden tifiable inv olvi ng reoccurri ng in come uninvo Ived reoccursperce ntperce ntage perce ntages periodperiodic periodical periodicals periodicals periods policPpolicies prin cipleprin cipled prin ciples unprin cipled proceed procedural procedure procedures proceeded proceedi ng proceedi ngs proceeds process processed processes process ing requirerequired requireme nt requireme nts requires requiri ng researchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearch ing resp ondresp on dedresp ondent resp ondents resp onding responds resp onse respon ses resp on siveresp on sive ness unresp on sive roleroles sect ionsect ionedsect ioningsect ionssectorsectors significa ntin sig nificant in sig nificantIP sig ni fica neesig ni fica ntlP signi fied sig ni fiessig nifP sig nifPing similardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritPsimilarlP sourcesourcedsources sourcing specificspecificallPspecificati onspecificationsspecificitPspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuri ngstructuralstructurallPstructuredstructuresstructuri ngunstructuredtheorPtheoreticaltheoreticallP theoriestheoristtheoristsvarP invariable invariablPvariabilitPvariablevariablesvariablPvaria neevaria ntvaria ntsvariati onvariati onsvariedvaries varPingachiev ing acquireacquired acquires acquiri ng acquisiti on acquisiti ons admi ni strateadmi nistrates admi nistrati on admi nistrati ons admi nistrative admi nistrativelP admi nistrator admi nistrators affectaffectedaffecti ng affective affectivelPaffects un affected appropriate appropriacP appropriatelP appropriate ness in appropriacP in appropriate in appropriatelP aspectaspects assistassista neeassista ntassista ntsassistedassisti ngassistsun assistedcategorPcategoriescategorisati oncategorisecategorisedcategorisescategoris ingcategorizati oncategorizedcategorizescategoriz ingchapterchapterscommissi oncommissi onedcommissi onercommissi onerscommissi oningcommissi ons communitPcom mun itiescompleGcompleGitiescompleGitP computecomputati oncomputati onalcomputati onscomputablecomputer computedcomputerisedcomputers computing con cludecon cluded concludes concludi ng conclusi on conclusi ons conclusive conclusivelPincon clusiveinconclusivelP con ductcon ducted conduct ing con ductscon seque ntconsequeneeconsequences conseque ntIP constructcon structedcon struct ing construct ion construct ions constructive constructs rec onstruct reconstructed reconstructi ng reconstructio n reconstructs con sumecon sumedcon sumer consumers con sumesconsuming consumpti on creditcreditedcredit ing creditorcreditors creditscultureculturalculturallPcultured culturesun cultured desig ndesig ned designer desig nersSublist2oftheAcademicWordList achieveachievable achievedachieveme nt achieveme ntsachievesdesig ning fin als inv estor desig ns focus inv estors dist inct focused inv ests disti nctio n focuses reinv est disti nctio ns focus ing reinv ested disti nctive focussed reinv est ing disti nctivelP focuss ing reinv estme dist in ctlP refocus rei nv ests in disti net refocused itemin disti nctlP refocuses itemisati on eleme nt refocus ing itemise eleme nts refocussed itemised equate refocusses itemises equated refocuss ing itemisi ng equates impact itemsequati ng impacted journalequati on impacti ng journalsequati ons impacts main tai n evaluate injure main tai ned evaluated injured mai ntai ning evaluates injures main tai ns evaluat ing injuries maintenance evaluati on injuri ng no rmalevaluati ons injurP abno rmal evaluative uni njured abno rmallP re-evaluate in stitute no rmalisati re-evaluated in stituted no rmalise re-evaluates in stitutes no rmalised re-evaluat ing in stituti ng no rmalises re-evaluati on in stitutio n no rmalisi ng feature in stituti onal no rmalizati featured in stitutio nalise no rmalize features in stitutio nalised no rmalized featuri ng in stitutio nalises no rmalizes final in stitutio nalis ing no rmalizi ng fin alise in stitutio nalized no rmalitP fin alised in stitutio nalizes no rmallP fin alises in stitutio naliz ing obtai nfin alisi ng in stitutio nallP obta in able fin alize in stituti ons obta ined fin alized inv est obta ining fin alizes inv ested obta insfin alizi ng inv esti ng un obta inable fin alitP inv estme nt participatefin allP inv estme nts participa ntregulators regulatorP un regulated releva nt irreleva nee irreleva nt releva nee resideresided reside nee reside nt reside ntial reside nts resides residi ng resourceresourced resourceful resources resourci ng un resourceful un der-resourced restrictrestricted restricti ng restrictio n restrictio ns restrictive restrictivelP restricts un restricted un restrictive secure in securein securities in securitP secured securelP secures securi ngsecurities securitP seekseek ingseekssought select selected select ing selecti on selecti ons selective selectivelP selector selectors selectssite sites strategP strategic strategies strategicallP strategist strategists surveP survePed surveP ing survePs teGt teGts teGtualtraditi onnon-traditional traditional traditi onalist traditionallP traditionstran sfertran sferabletran sfere neetran sferredtran sferri ngtran sfersparticipa nts participated participates participat ing participati on participatorP perceiveperceived perceives percei ving perceptio n perceptio ns positivepositivelP pote ntialpote ntiallP previouspreviouslP primarPprimarilP purchasepurchased purchaser purchasers purchases purchas ing rangeran ged ran ges ranging regi onregi onal regio nallP regi ons regulate deregulated deregulates deregulat ing deregulati on regulated regulates regulat ing regulati on regulatio ns regulatorcon tributed con tributes con tribut ing con tributi on con tributio ns con tributor con tributors conveneconven ti on convenes convened convening conventio nal conven ti on allP conven tio ns unconven ti onal coord in atecoord in ated coord in ates coord in at ing coord in ati on coord in ator coord in atorsco-ord in ate co-ord in ated co-ord in ates co-ord in at ing co-ord in ati on co-ord in atorco-ordi nators core cores cori ng cored corporatecorporates corporati on corporati ons corresp ondcorresp on dedcorresp ondencecorresp ondingcorresp ondinglP corresponds criteriacriteri ondeduce deduceddeduces deduci ng deduct ion deduct ions dem on strate dem on strable dem on strablP dem on strated dem on strates dem on strat ing dem on strati on dem on strati ons dem on strative dem on strativelP dem on strator dem on strators docume nt docume ntati on docume nted docume nting docume nts domin ate dominance dominant domin ated domin ates domin at ing domin ati on emphasis emphasise emphasised emphasis ing emphasize emphasized emphasizes emphasiz ing emphatic emphaticallP en sure en suredSublist3ofAcademicWordList alter nativealter nativelPalter natives circumsta neecircumsta nces comme ntcomme ntariescomme ntarPcomme ntatorcomme ntatorscomme ntedcomme ntingcomme ntscompe nsatecompe nsatedcompe nsatescompe nsat ingcompe nsati oncompe nsati onscompe nsatorP comp onentcomp onentrPcomp onents consentconsensusconsen tedconsenting consents con siderablecon siderablPcon sta ntcon sta ncPcon sta ntIPcon sta ntsincon sta ncPincon sta ntIP con straincon stra inedcon strai ningcon stra inscon stra intcon strai ntsuncon stra ined con tributeen sures in teractio n maGimumen suri ng in teract ions minoreGclude in teractive mino rities eGcluded in teractivelP minoritPeGcludes in teracts minorseGcludi ng justifP n egateeGclusio n justifiable n egativeeGclusio narP justifiablP n egatedeGclusio nist justificati on n egateseGclusi ons justificati ons n egati ngeGclusive justified n egativelPeGclusivelP justifies n egatives framework justifP ing outcome frameworks un justified outcomesfund laPer part ner fun ded laPered part nersfun der laPeri ng part nership fun ders laPers part nerships funding li nk philosophPfun ds li nkage philosopher illustrate lin kages philosophers illustrated lin ked philosophical illustrates lin ki ng philosophicallP illustrati ng links philosophies illustrati on locate philosophise illustrati ons located philosophised illustrative locati ng philosophises immigrate locati on philosophis ing immigra nt locati ons philosophize immigra nts relocate philosophized immigrated relocated philosophizes immigrates relocates philosophiz ing immigrat ing relocat ing phPsicalimmigratio n relocati on phPsicallPimplP maGimise proportio n implied maG disproporti on implies maGimised disproporti on implPi ng maGimises disproporti onin itial maGimisi ng proporti onal in itiallP maGimisati on proporti on allP in sta nee maGimize proporti on ate in sta nces maGimized proporti on atelP in teract maGimizes proporti ons in teracted maGimizi ng publishin teract ing maGimizati on publishedpublisher publishers publishes publish ing un published reactreacted reacts react ing reacti on reacti on aries reacti onarPreacti ons reactive reactivate reactivati on reactor reactors register deregister deregistered deregisteri ng deregisters deregistratio n registered registeri ng registers registrati on relP reliabilitP reliable reliablP relia nee relia nt relied reliesrelPi ng un reliable removeremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremoving schemeschematic schematicallP schemed schemes schem ing sequeneesequeneedsequencesseque ncing sequential sequentiallP seGseGes seGismseGual seGualitPseGuallP shiftshiftedshifti ngshifts specifPspecifiablespecifiedspecifies specifPing un specifiedsufficie ntsufficie ncPin sufficie nt insufficie ntIPsufficie ntIP tasktaskstech ni caltech ni callPtech niquetech niq uestech no logPtech nologicaltech nologicallP validinv alidateinv aliditPvalidatevalidatedvalidat ingvalidati onvaliditPvalidlPvolumevolumesvol。

学术英语词汇 AWL(DOC)

学术英语词汇 AWL(DOC)

AWL (Academic Word List)(英汉)abandon放弃;抛弃abstract抽象的;摘要academy研究院;学院;学会access接近;入口accommodate容纳;给…提供住宿;使适应accompany陪伴;伴随accumulate积累accurate准确的achieve完成;取得acknowledge承认;致谢acquire获得adapt使适应;改编adequate足够的adjacent毗连的adjust调整administer管理adult成年人advocate拥护者;拥护affect影响aggregate总的;总计aid帮助albeit虽然allocate分派alter改变alternative替代物;替代的ambiguous模棱两可的amend修订analogy类似;类推analyze分析annual每年的;年鉴anticipate预料apparent明显的append附加appreciate欣赏;感激approach靠近;方法appropriate恰当的approximate近似的arbitrary任意的;专断的area面积;地区;领域aspect方面assemble集合;装配assess估价;评价assign分派assist援助assume假设;认为;承担assure保证attach贴;附加attain达到;获得attitude态度attribute归结于;性质author作者;创始人authority当局;权威automate使自动化available可得到的aware意识到的behalf利益benefit利益;津贴;有益bias偏见bond纽带;债券brief简短的bulk体积;大批capable能够的;有能力的capacity容量category种类;范畴cease停止challenge挑战channel海峡;频道chapter章chart图表chemical化学的;化学药品circumstance情况cite引用civil公民的;国内的clarify阐明classic名著;经典的clause条款;从句code代码;法典coherent连贯的coincide相符collapse倒塌colleague同事commence开始comment评论commission委任;委员会commit犯commodity日用品communicate交流community社区;界compatible兼容的compensate补偿compile编纂complement补充complex复杂的component组成部分compound化合物;复合词comprehensive综合的comprise构成compute计算conceive构思;怀孕concentrate浓缩;集中concept概念conclude下结论concurrent同时的conduct行为;指挥confer授予;协商confine限制confirm证实conflict冲突conform遵守;符合consent同意consequent必然的considerable相当大的consist组成constant不断的constitute构成constrain限制;强制construct建造consult咨询;查阅;请教consume消费;消耗contact接触;联系;联系人contemporary当代的;同代人context上下文;背景contract合同;收缩contradict矛盾contrary相反的contrast对比contribute贡献;捐献;投稿controversy争议convene召集converse相反convert转化convince使信服cooperate合作coordinate协调core核心corporate公司的correspond通信;对应couple夫妇;两个create创造;产生credit信用;学分;功劳criteria标准crucial决定性的culture文化currency货币cycle骑自行车;循环data数据debate辩论decade十年decline下倾;下降;谢绝deduce演绎define下定义;明确definite明确的demonstrate表明;演示;示威denote表示deny否认depress使沮丧derive起源design设计;图案despite尽管detect检测deviate偏离device装置devote奉献;为…献身differentiate区分dimension尺寸;维diminish减少discrete分离的discriminate区别;歧视displace移置display展览;显示dispose处理distinct清晰的;独特的distort歪曲distribute分布diverse多样的document文件domain领域;域domestic国内的;家庭的dominate支配draft草稿;通风;起草drama戏剧duration持续时间dynamic有活力的economy经济;节约edit编辑element元素eliminate消除emerge出现emphasis强调empirical经验的enable使能够encounter遇到energy精力;能量enforce实施enhance增强enormous巨大的;大量的ensure保证entity实体environment环境equate使相等;使平等equip装备equivalent对等erode腐蚀error错误establish建立estate房地产estimate估计ethic伦理ethnic种族的evaluate评价eventual最后的evident明显的evolve进化;演变exceed超过exclude排除exhibit展览expand扩大expert专家;熟练的explicit明晰的;详述的exploit剥削;利用export出口expose暴露;揭露external外部的extract取出;摘录facilitate使容易factor因素feature特征federal联邦的fee费file文件final最后的finance财政finite有限的flexible灵活的fluctuate波动focus集中;焦点format格式formula公式forthcoming即将到来的found建立foundation建立;基础;基金会framework框架function功能;函数fund资金fundamental基本的furthermore此外gender性别generate产生generation一代;产生globe地球goal球门;目标grade等级;年级;成绩grant拨款;助学金guarantee保证guideline方针hence因此hierarchy等级制度highlight精华;加亮;强调hypothesis假设identical相同的identify识别ideology思想体系ignorant无知的illustrate举例说明;图解image图像;形象immigrate移民impact影响implement工具;执行implicate暗指implicit暗指的imply暗指impose征收;强加incentive刺激incidence发生incline斜坡;使倾斜;使倾向income收入incorporate包含index索引;指标indicate表明individual个人induce引起inevitable必然的infer推断infrastructure基础设施inherent固有的inhibit抑制initial最初的;词首的;首字母initiate开始injure使受伤innovate创新input输入insert插入;插页insight见识inspect视察instance例子institute研究所;学院instruct教;指示integral整体的;整的integrate使结合integrity诚信;完整intelligent聪明的intense强烈的interact相互作用intermediate中间的;中级的internal内部的interpret解释;口译interval间隔intervene干预intrinsic内在的invest投资investigate调查invoke恳求involve涉及isolate孤立issue问题;发行item项目job工作journal杂志;日记justify证明label标签labor劳动layer层lecture讲课;讲座legal合法的;法律的legislate立法levy征收liberal自由的;开明的license执照likewise同样地link连接;环节locate使位于;找到logic逻辑maintain维持;维修major主要的;专业manipulate操作manual体力的;手册margin页边mature 成熟maximize使最大化mechanism装置;机制media媒体mediate调停medical医学的medium媒介;中等的mental心理的method方法migrate迁移military军事的minimal最小的minimize使最小化minimum最小值ministry部minor次要的;辅修专业mode模式modify修改;修饰monitor监视motive动机mutual相互的negate否定network网络neutral中立的nevertheless然而nonetheless然而norm标准normal正常的notion概念;想法notwithstanding虽然nuclear核的;核心的objective客观的;目标obtain获得obvious明显的occupy占领;使忙碌occur出现odd奇数的;奇怪的;临时的offset抵消ongoing进行中的option选择orient东方;使适应outcome结果output产量;产出overall总体的overlap重叠overseas海外panel专家小组;面板paradigm范例paragraph段落parallel平行的parameter参数participate参加partner搭档passive被动的perceive察觉;理解percent百分之period时期;句号persist持续perspective角度phase阶段phenomenon现象philosophy哲学physical身体的;物理的plus 加policy政策portion部分pose摆姿势positive积极的;阳性的potential潜在的;潜力practitioner从业者precede先于precise精确的predict预测predominant主要的preliminary初步的;初赛presume假设previous先前的primary初级的;主要的prime首要的principal主要的;校长principle原则prior在先的priority优先;重点proceed进行process过程;加工professional专业的;专业人员prohibit禁止project工程promote促进;促销proportion比例prospect前景protocol协议;礼仪psychology心理学publication出版;出版物publish出版purchase购买pursue追赶;追求qualitative定性的quote引用radical基本的;激进的random随机的range范围;山脉ratio比rational理性的react反应recover恢复refine提炼regime政权region地区register登记;挂号regulate调节reinforce加强reject拒绝relax放松release释放relevant有关的reluctance勉强rely依赖remove移走require要求research研究reside居住resolve解决;决心resource资源respond响应restore恢复restrain抑制restrict限制retain保留reveal显示revenue收入;税收reverse背面;倒车revise修改revolution革命;旋转rigid僵硬的:刻板的role角色route路线scenario剧本;方案schedule时间表scheme方案scope范围section部分sector部门secure安全的seek试图;寻找select选择sequence顺序series系列sex性;性别shift转换significant重要的similar相似的simulate模拟site地点so-called所谓的sole 唯一的;脚底;鞋底somewhat有点source来源specific具体的specify详述sphere球体;领域stable稳定的;马厩statistic统计的status地位straightforward坦率的strategy战略;策略stress压力;重音;强调structure结构style风格submit使屈服;提交subordinate下级的;从属的subsequent随后的subsidy补助substitute代替者;代替successor继任sufficient足够的sum金额summary总结supplement 补充survey调查survive幸存suspend暂停sustain维持symbol象征;符号tape磁带target靶子;目标task任务team队technical技术的technique技巧technology技术temporary暂时的tense紧张的;时态terminate终止text文本theme主题theory理论thereby从而thesis论文topic话题trace痕迹tradition传统transfer转移;换车transform转变transit运输;过渡transmit输送transport运输trend趋势trigger 触发;扳机ultimate最终的undergo经受underlie是…的基础undertake从事uniform一致的;制服unify统一unique独一无二的utilize利用valid有效的vary变化vehicle车辆version译文;版本via 经过violate违犯virtual实际上的;虚拟的visible可见的vision视力visual视觉的volume卷;音量;体积voluntary 自愿的;志愿的welfare福利whereas而whereby由此widespread普遍的AWL词汇(汉英)安全的secure暗指implicate暗指imply暗指的implicit靶子target百分之percent摆姿势pose扳机trigger版本version伴随accompany 帮助aid包含incorporate 保留retain保证assure保证ensure保证guarantee暴露expose背景context背面reverse被动的passive比ratio比例proportion必然的consequent 必然的inevitable 编辑edit编纂compile变化vary辩论debate标签label标准criteria标准norm表明demonstrate 表明indicate表示denote拨款grant波动fluctuate剥削exploit补偿compensate 补充complement 补充supplement 补助subsidy不断的constant部ministry部分portion部分section部门sector财政finance参加participate参数parameter 操作manipulate草稿draft策略strategy层layer插入insert插页insert查阅consult察觉perceive产出output产量output产生create产生generate产生generation阐明clarify超过exceed车辆vehicle成绩grade成年人adult成熟mature诚信integrity承担assume承认acknowledge持续persist持续时间duration尺寸dimension冲突conflict抽象的abstract出版publication出版publish出版物publication出口export出现emerge出现occur初步的preliminary初级的primary初赛preliminary处理dispose触发trigger传统tradition创始人author创新innovate创造create词首的initial磁带tape此外furthermore次要的minor刺激incentive聪明的intelligent从而thereby从句clause从事undertake从属的subordinate从业者practitioner促进promote促销promote错误error搭档partner达到attain大量的enormous大批bulk代码code代替substitute代替者substitute当代的contemporary当局authority倒车reverse倒塌collapse登记register等级grade等级制度hierarchy抵消offset地点site地球globe地区area地区region地位status定性的qualitative东方orient动机motive独特的distinct独一无二的unique段落paragraph队team对比contrast对等equivalent对应correspond多样的diverse而whereas发行issue发生incidence法典code法律的legal反应react犯commit范畴category范例paradigm范围range范围scope方案scenario方案scheme方法approach方法method方面aspect方针guideline房地产estate放弃abandon放松relax费fee分布distribute分离的discrete分派allocate分派assign分析analyze风格style奉献devote否定negate否认deny夫妇couple符号symbol符合conform福利welfare辅修专业minor 腐蚀erode附加append附加attach复合词compound 复杂的complex 改编adapt改变alter概念concept概念notion感激appreciate 干预intervene革命revolution 格式format个人individual 给…提供住宿accommodate工程project工具implement 工作job公民的civil公式formula公司的corporate 功劳credit功能function贡献contribute 构成comprise构成constitute构思conceive购买purchase 估计estimate估价assess孤立isolate固有的inherent挂号register管理administer归结于attribute国内的civil国内的domestic过程process过渡transit海外overseas海峡channel函数function行为conduct合法的legal合同contract合作cooperate核的nuclear核心core核心的nuclear痕迹trace化合物compound化学的chemical化学药品chemical话题topic怀孕conceive环节link环境environment换车transfer恢复recover恢复restore货币currency获得acquire获得attain获得obtain机制mechanism积极的positive积累accumulate基本的fundamental基本的radical基础foundation基础设施infrastructure基金会foundation激进的radical即将到来的forthcoming集合assemble集中concentrate集中focus计算compute技巧technique技术technology技术的technical继任successor加plus加工process加亮highlight加强reinforce家庭的domestic假设assume假设hypothesis假设presume间隔interval监视monitor兼容的compatible检测detect减少diminish简短的brief见识insight建立establish建立found建立foundation建造construct僵硬的:刻板的rigid讲课lecture讲座lecture交流communicate焦点focus角度perspective角色role脚底sole教instruct阶段phase接触contact接近access揭露expose节约economy结构structure结果outcome解决resolve解释interpret界community金额sum津贴benefit紧张的tense尽管despite进行proceed进行中的ongoing进化evolve近似的approximate禁止prohibit经典的classic经过via经济economy经受undergo经验的empirical精华highlight精力energy精确的precise居住reside举例说明illustrate 巨大的enormous 句号period拒绝reject具体的specific剧本scenario捐献contribute卷volume决定性的crucial 决心resolve军事的military开明的liberal开始commence开始initiate靠近approach可得到的available 可见的visible客观的objective 恳求invoke口译interpret框架framework 扩大expand来源source劳动labor类似analogy类推analogy礼仪protocol理解perceive理论theory理性的rational立法legislate利益behalf利益benefit利用exploit利用utilize例子instance连贯的coherent 连接link联邦的federal联系contact联系人contact两个couple临时的odd灵活的flexible领域area领域domain领域sphere路线route伦理ethic 论文thesis逻辑logic马厩stable矛盾contradict媒介medium媒体media每年的annual勉强reluctance面板panel面积area名著classic明确define明确的definite明晰的explicit明显的apparent明显的evident明显的obvious模棱两可的ambiguous模拟simulate模式mode目标goal目标objective目标target内部的internal内在的intrinsic能够的capable能量energy年级grade年鉴annual纽带bond浓缩concentrate排除exclude抛弃abandon陪伴accompany毗连的adjacent偏见bias偏离deviate频道channel平行的parallel评价assess评价evaluate评论comment普遍的widespread奇怪的odd奇数的odd歧视discriminate骑自行车cycle起草draft起源derive恰当的appropriate迁移migrate前景prospect潜力potential潜在的potential强加impose强烈的intense强调emphasis强调highlight强调stress强制constrain清晰的distinct情况circumstance请教consult球门goal球体sphere区别discriminate区分differentiate趋势trend取出extract取得achieve权威authority然而nevertheless然而nonetheless认为assume任务task任意的arbitrary日记journal日用品commodity容量capacity容纳accommodate入口access山脉range上下文context设计design社区community涉及involve身体的physical十年decade时间表schedule时期period时态tense识别identify实际上的virtual实施enforce实体entity使结合integrate使沮丧depress使忙碌occupy使能够enable使平等equate使倾向incline使倾斜incline使屈服submit使容易facilitate使适应accommodate使适应adapt使适应orient使受伤injure使位于locate使相等equate使信服convince使自动化automate使最大化maximize使最小化minimize示威demonstrate试图seek视察inspect视觉的visual视力vision是…的基础underlie释放release收入income收入revenue收缩contract手册manual首要的prime首字母initial授予confer输入input输送transmit熟练的expert数据data税收revenue顺序sequence思想体系ideology虽然albeit虽然notwithstanding 随后的subsequent随机的random所谓的so-called索引index态度attitude坦率的straightforward 特征feature提交submit提炼refine体积bulk体积volume体力的manual替代的alternative替代物alternative挑战challenge条款clause调查investigate调查survey调节regulate调停mediate调整adjust贴attach 停止cease通风draft通信correspond同代人contemporary同时的concurrent同事colleague同样地likewise同意consent统计的statistic统一unify投稿contribute投资invest图案design图表chart图解illustrate图像image推断infer歪曲distort外部的external完成achieve完整integrity网络network为…献身devote违犯violate唯一的sole维dimension维持maintain维持sustain维修maintain委任commission委员会commission文本text文化culture文件document文件file稳定的stable问题issue无知的ignorant物理的physical戏剧drama系列series下定义define下级的subordinate下降decline下结论conclude下倾decline先前的previous先于precede显示display显示reveal现象phenomenon限制confine限制constrain限制restrict相当大的considerable相反converse相反的contrary相符coincide相互的mutual相互作用interact相似的similar相同的identical详述specify详述的explicit响应respond想法notion项目item象征symbol消除eliminate消费consume消耗consume校长principal协商confer协调coordinate协议protocol斜坡incline鞋底sole谢绝decline心理的mental心理学psychology欣赏appreciate信用credit形象image幸存survive性sex性别gender性别sex性质attribute修订amend修改modify修改revise修饰modify虚拟的virtual旋转revolution选择option选择select学分credit学会academy学院academy学院institute寻找seek循环cycle压力stress研究research研究所institute研究院academy演变evolve演示demonstrate 演绎deduce阳性的positive要求require页边margin一代generation 一致的uniform医学的medical依赖rely移民immigrate移置displace移走remove抑制inhibit抑制restrain译文version意识到的aware 因此hence因素factor音量volume引起induce引用cite引用quote影响affect影响impact拥护advocate拥护者advocate 优先priority由此whereby有点somewhat有关的relevant 有活力的dynamic 有能力的capable 有限的finite有效的valid有益benefit预测predict预料anticipate域domain遇到encounter元素element原则principle援助assist运输transit运输transport杂志journal 在先的prior暂时的temporary暂停suspend增强enhance摘录extract摘要abstract债券bond展览display展览exhibit占领occupy战略strategy章chapter找到locate召集convene哲学philosophy争议controversy征收impose征收levy整的integral整体的integral正常的normal证明justify证实confirm政策policy政权regime支配dominate执行implement执照license指标index指挥conduct指示instruct志愿的voluntary制服uniform致谢acknowledge中等的medium中级的intermediate中间的intermediate中立的neutral终止terminate种类category种族的ethnic重点priority重叠overlap重要的significant重音stress主题theme主要的major主要的predominant主要的primary主要的principal助学金grant专断的arbitrary专家expert专家小组panel专业major专业的professional专业人员professional转变transform转化convert转换shift转移transfer装备equip装配assemble装置device装置mechanism追赶pursue追求pursue准确的accurate咨询consult资金fund资源resource自由的liberal自愿的voluntary综合的comprehensive总的aggregate总计aggregate总结summary总体的overall足够的adequate足够的sufficient组成consist组成部分component最初的initial最后的eventual最后的final最小的minimal最小值minimum最终的ultimate遵守conform作者author。

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《英语常用学术词汇表》是由一些应用语言学家统计出来,最常用的有570个词目(headwords),每一个词目下面还列出了该词目的相关变化形式。

其中斜体字,analysis,在学术英语中最为常见。

Sublist 1 of the Academic Word Listanalyseanalysedanalyseranalysersanalysesanalysinganalysisanalystanalystsanalyticanalyticalanalyticallyanalyzeanalyzedanalyzesanalyzing approachapproachableapproachedapproachesapproachingunapproachable areaareasassessassessableassessedassessesassessingassessment economyeconomiceconomicaleconomicallyeconomicseconomieseconomisteconomistsuneconomicalenvironmentenvironmentalenvironmentalistenvironmentalistsenvironmentallyenvironmentsestablishdisestablishdisestablisheddisestablishesdisestablishingdisestablishmentestablishedestablishesestablishingestablishmentestablishmentsestimateestimatedestimatesestimatinglegislatelegislatedlegislateslegislatinglegislationlegislativelegislatorlegislatorslegislaturemajormajoritiesmajoritymethodmethodicalmethodologicalmethodologiesmethodologymethodsoccuroccurredoccurrenceoccurrencesoccurringoccursreoccurreoccurredreoccurringreoccurspercentpercentageassessmentsreassessreassessedreassessingreassessmentunassessed assumeassumedassumesassumingassumptionassumptions authorityauthoritativeauthorities availableavailabilityunavailable benefitbeneficialbeneficiarybeneficiariesbenefitedbenefitingbenefitsconceptconceptionconceptsconceptualconceptualisationconceptualiseconceptualisedconceptualisesconceptualisingconceptually consistconsistedconsistencyconsistentconsistentlyconsistingconsistsinconsistenciesinconsistencyestimationestimationsover-estimateoverestimateoverestimatedoverestimatesoverestimatingunderestimateunderestimatedunderestimatesunderestimatingevidentevidencedevidenceevidentialevidentlyexportexportedexporterexportersexportingexportsfactorfactoredfactoringfactorsfinancefinancedfinancesfinancialfinanciallyfinancierfinanciersfinancingformulaformulaeformulasformulateformulatedformulatingformulationformulationsreformulatereformulatedpercentagesperiodperiodicperiodicalperiodicallyperiodicalsperiodspolicypoliciesprincipleprincipledprinciplesunprincipledproceedproceduralprocedureproceduresproceededproceedingproceedingsproceedsprocessprocessedprocessesprocessingrequirerequiredrequirementrequirementsrequiresrequiringresearchresearchedresearcherresearchersresearchesresearchingrespondrespondedrespondentrespondentsrespondingrespondsresponse-`inconsistent constituteconstituenciesconstituencyconstituentconstituentsconstitutedconstitutesconstitutingconstitutionconstitutionsconstitutionalconstitutionallyconstitutiveunconstitutional contextcontextscontextualcontextualisecontextualisedcontextualisinguncontextualisedcontextualizecontextualizedcontextualizinguncontextualized contractcontractedcontractingcontractorcontractorscontractscreatecreatedcreatescreatingcreationcreationscreativecreativelycreativitycreatorcreatorsrecreatereformulatingreformulationreformulationsfunctionfunctionalfunctionallyfunctionedfunctioningfunctionsidentifyidentifiableidentificationidentifiedidentifiesidentifyingidentitiesidentityunidentifiableincomeincomesindicateindicatedindicatesindicatingindicationindicationsindicativeindicatorindicatorsindividualindividualisedindividualityindividualismindividualistindividualistsindividualisticindividuallyindividualsinterpretinterpretationinterpretationsinterpretativeinterpretedinterpretingresponsesresponsiveresponsivenessunresponsiverolerolessectionsectionedsectioningsectionssectorsectorssignificantinsignificantinsignificantlysignificancesignificantlysignifiedsignifiessignifysignifyingsimilardissimilarsimilaritiessimilaritysimilarlysourcesourcedsourcessourcingspecificspecificallyspecificationspecificationsspecificityspecificsstructurerestructurerestructuredrestructuresrestructuringstructuralstructurallystructured-`recreatedrecreatesrecreating datadefinedefinabledefineddefinesdefiningdefinitiondefinitionsredefineredefinedredefinesredefiningundefined derivederivationderivationsderivativederivativesderivedderivesderiving distributedistributeddistributingdistributiondistributionaldistributionsdistributivedistributordistributorsredistributeredistributedredistributesredistributingredistributioninterpretiveinterpretsmisinterpretmisinterpretationmisinterpretationsmisinterpretedmisinterpretingmisinterpretsreinterpretreinterpretedreinterpretsreinterpretingreinterpretationreinterpretationsinvolveinvolvedinvolvementinvolvesinvolvinguninvolvedissueissuedissuesissuinglabourlaborlaboredlaborslabouredlabouringlabourslegalillegalillegalityillegallylegalitylegallystructuresstructuringunstructuredtheorytheoreticaltheoreticallytheoriestheoristtheoristsvaryinvariableinvariablyvariabilityvariablevariablesvariablyvariancevariantvariantsvariationvariationsvariedvariesvaryingSublist 2 of the Academic Word Listachieve distinct participate-`achievableachievedachievementachievementsachievesachieving acquireacquiredacquiresacquiringacquisitionacquisitions administrateadministratesadministrationadministrationsadministrativeadministrativelyadministratoradministrators affectaffectedaffectingaffectiveaffectivelyaffectsunaffected appropriateappropriacyappropriatelyappropriatenessinappropriacyinappropriateinappropriately aspectaspectsassistassistanceassistantassistantsassistedassistingassistsunassisteddistinctiondistinctionsdistinctivedistinctivelydistinctlyindistinctindistinctlyelementelementsequateequatedequatesequatingequationequationsevaluateevaluatedevaluatesevaluatingevaluationevaluationsevaluativere-evaluatere-evaluatedre-evaluatesre-evaluatingre-evaluationfeaturefeaturedfeaturesfeaturingfinalfinalisefinalisedfinalisesfinalisingfinalizefinalizedfinalizesfinalizingfinalityfinallyfinalsfocusparticipantparticipantsparticipatedparticipatesparticipatingparticipationparticipatoryperceiveperceivedperceivesperceivingperceptionperceptionspositivepositivelypotentialpotentiallypreviouspreviouslyprimaryprimarilypurchasepurchasedpurchaserpurchaserspurchasespurchasingrangerangedrangesrangingregionregionalregionallyregionsregulatederegulatedderegulatesderegulatingderegulationregulatedregulatesregulatingregulationcategorycategoriescategorisationcategorisecategorisedcategorisescategorisingcategorizationcategorizedcategorizescategorizing chapterchapters commissioncommissionedcommissionercommissionerscommissioningcommissions communitycommunities complexcomplexitiescomplexity computecomputationcomputationalcomputationscomputablecomputercomputedcomputerisedcomputerscomputing concludeconcludedconcludesconcludingconclusionconclusionsconclusiveconclusivelyinconclusiveinconclusivelyfocusedfocusesfocusingfocussedfocussingrefocusrefocusedrefocusesrefocusingrefocussedrefocussesrefocussingimpactimpactedimpactingimpactsinjureinjuredinjuresinjuriesinjuringinjuryuninjuredinstituteinstitutedinstitutesinstitutinginstitutioninstitutionalinstitutionaliseinstitutionalisedinstitutionalisesinstitutionalisinginstitutionalizedinstitutionalizesinstitutionalizinginstitutionallyinstitutionsinvestinvestedinvestinginvestmentinvestmentsinvestorregulationsregulatorregulatorsregulatoryunregulatedrelevantirrelevanceirrelevantrelevanceresideresidedresidenceresidentresidentialresidentsresidesresidingresourceresourcedresourcefulresourcesresourcingunresourcefulunder-resourcedrestrictrestrictedrestrictingrestrictionrestrictionsrestrictiverestrictivelyrestrictsunrestrictedunrestrictivesecureinsecureinsecuritiesinsecuritysecuredsecurelysecuressecuringsecuritiessecurityconductconductedconductingconducts consequentconsequenceconsequencesconsequently constructconstructedconstructingconstructionconstructionsconstructiveconstructsreconstructreconstructedreconstructingreconstructionreconstructs consumeconsumedconsumerconsumersconsumesconsumingconsumption creditcreditedcreditingcreditorcreditorscreditscultureculturalculturallyculturedculturesuncultured designdesigneddesignerdesignersdesigninginvestorsinvestsreinvestreinvestedreinvestingreinvestmentreinvestsitemitemisationitemiseitemiseditemisesitemisingitemsjournaljournalsmaintainmaintainedmaintainingmaintainsmaintenancenormalabnormalabnormallynormalisationnormalisenormalisednormalisesnormalisingnormalizationnormalizenormalizednormalizesnormalizingnormalitynormallyobtainobtainableobtainedobtainingobtainsunobtainableseekseekingseekssoughtselectselectedselectingselectionselectionsselectiveselectivelyselectorselectorsselectssitesitesstrategystrategicstrategiesstrategicallystrategiststrategistssurveysurveyedsurveyingsurveystexttextstextualtraditionnon-traditionaltraditionaltraditionalisttraditionallytraditionstransfertransferabletransferencetransferredtransferringtransfersdesignsSublist 3 of the Academic Word Listalternativealternativelyalternatives circumstancecircumstances commentcommentariescommentarycommentatorcommentatorscommentedcommentingcomments compensatecompensatedcompensatescompensatingcompensationcompensationscompensatory componentcomponentrycomponents consentconsensusconsentedconsentingconsents considerableconsiderably constantconstancyconstantlyconstantsinconstancyinconstantly constrainconstrainedconstraining emphasisemphasiseemphasisedemphasisingemphasizeemphasizedemphasizesemphasizingemphaticemphaticallyensureensuredensuresensuringexcludeexcludedexcludesexcludingexclusionexclusionaryexclusionistexclusionsexclusiveexclusivelyframeworkframeworksfundfundedfunderfundersfundingfundsillustrateillustratedillustratesillustratingillustrationillustrationsillustrativephilosophyphilosopherphilosophersphilosophicalphilosophicallyphilosophiesphilosophisephilosophisedphilosophisesphilosophisingphilosophizephilosophizedphilosophizesphilosophizingphysicalphysicallyproportiondisproportiondisproportionatedisproportionatelyproportionalproportionallyproportionateproportionatelyproportionspublishpublishedpublisherpublisherspublishespublishingunpublishedreactreactedreactsreactingreactionreactionariesreactionaryconstrainsconstraintconstraintsunconstrained contributecontributedcontributescontributingcontributioncontributionscontributorcontributors conveneconventionconvenesconvenedconveningconventionalconventionallyconventionsunconventional coordinatecoordinatedcoordinatescoordinatingcoordinationcoordinatorcoordinatorsco-ordinateco-ordinatedco-ordinatesco-ordinatingco-ordinationco-ordinatorco-ordinators corecorescoringcored corporatecorporatescorporationcorporations correspond immigrateimmigrantimmigrantsimmigratedimmigratesimmigratingimmigrationimplyimpliedimpliesimplyinginitialinitiallyinstanceinstancesinteractinteractedinteractinginteractioninteractionsinteractiveinteractivelyinteractsjustifyjustifiablejustifiablyjustificationjustificationsjustifiedjustifiesjustifyingunjustifiedlayerlayeredlayeringlayerslinklinkagelinkageslinkedlinkinglinkslocatelocatedreactionsreactivereactivatereactivationreactorreactorsregisterderegisterderegisteredderegisteringderegistersderegistrationregisteredregisteringregistersregistrationrelyreliabilityreliablereliablyreliancereliantreliedreliesrelyingunreliableremoveremovableremovalremovalsremovedremovesremovingschemeschematicschematicallyschemedschemesschemingsequencesequencedsequencessequencingsequential-`correspondedcorrespondencecorrespondingcorrespondinglycorresponds criteriacriterion deducededuceddeducesdeducingdeductiondeductions demonstratedemonstrabledemonstrablydemonstrateddemonstratesdemonstratingdemonstrationdemonstrationsdemonstrativedemonstrativelydemonstratordemonstrators documentdocumentationdocumenteddocumentingdocuments dominatedominancedominantdominateddominatesdominatingdominationlocatinglocationlocationsrelocaterelocatedrelocatesrelocatingrelocationmaximisemaxmaximisedmaximisesmaximisingmaximisationmaximizemaximizedmaximizesmaximizingmaximizationmaximumminorminoritiesminorityminorsnegatenegativenegatednegatesnegatingnegativelynegativesoutcomeoutcomespartnerpartnerspartnershippartnershipssequentiallysexsexessexismsexualsexualitysexuallyshiftshiftedshiftingshiftsspecifyspecifiablespecifiedspecifiesspecifyingunspecifiedsufficientsufficiencyinsufficientinsufficientlysufficientlytasktaskstechnicaltechnicallytechniquetechniquestechnologytechnologicaltechnologicallyvalidinvalidateinvalidityvalidatevalidatedvalidatingvalidationvalidityvalidlyvolumevolumesvol-` Sublist 4 of the Academic Word Listaccessaccessedaccessesaccessibilityaccessibleaccessinginaccessible adequateadequacyadequatelyinadequaciesinadequacyinadequateinadequately annualannually apparentapparently approximateapproximatedapproximatelyapproximatesapproximatingapproximationapproximations attitudeattitudes attributeattributableattributedattributesattributingattributioncivilcodecodedcodescoding commitcommitmentcommitments errorerroneouserroneouslyerrorsethnicethnicitygoalgoalsgrantgrantedgrantinggrantshencehypothesishypotheseshypothesisehypothesisedhypothesiseshypothesisinghypothesizehypothesizedhypothesizeshypothesizinghypotheticalhypotheticallyimplementimplementationimplementedimplementingimplementsimplicateimplicatedimplicatesimplicatingimplicationimplicationsimposeimposedimposesimposingimpositionparallelparalleledparallelledparallellingparallelsunparalleledparameterparametersphasephasedphasesphasingpredictpredictabilitypredictablepredictablypredictedpredictingpredictionpredictionspredictsunpredictabilityunpredictableprincipalprincipallypriorprofessionalprofessionallyprofessionalsprofessionalismprojectprojectedprojectingprojectionprojectionsprojectspromotepromotedpromoterpromoterspromotes-`commitscommittedcommitting communicatecommunicablecommunicatedcommunicatescommunicatingcommunicationcommunicationscommunicativecommunicativelyuncommunicative concentrateconcentratedconcentratesconcentratingconcentration conferconferenceconferencesconferredconferringconferscontrastcontrastedcontrastingcontrastivecontrastscyclecycledcyclescycliccyclicalcyclingdebatedebatabledebateddebatesdebatingdespitedimensiondimensionaldimensions integrateintegratedintegratesintegratingintegrationinternalinternaliseinternalisedinternalisesinternalisinginternalizeinternalizedinternalizesinternalizinginternallyinvestigateinvestigatedinvestigatesinvestigatinginvestigationinvestigationsinvestigativeinvestigatorinvestigatorsjobjobslabellabeledlabelinglabelledlabellinglabelsmechanismmechanismsobviousobviouslyoccupyoccupancyoccupantoccupantsoccupationoccupationaloccupationsoccupiedpromotingpromotionpromotionsregimeregimesresolveresolutionresolvedresolvesresolvingunresolvedretainretainedretainingretainerretainersretainsretentionretentiveseriesstatisticstatisticianstatisticiansstatisticalstatisticallystatisticsstatusstressstressedstressesstressfulstressingunstressedsubsequentsubsequentlysumsummationsummedsummingsumssummarysummariessummarisesummarisedmultidimensional domesticdomesticallydomesticatedomesticateddomesticatingdomestics emergeemergedemergenceemergentemergesemergingoccupieroccupiersoccupiesoccupyingoptionoptionaloptionsoutputoutputsoverallsummarisessummarisingsummarisationsummarisationssummarizationsummarizationssummarizesummarizedsummarizessummarizingundertakeundertakenundertakesundertakingundertookSublist 5 of the Academic Word Listacademyacademiaacademicacademicallyacademicsacademies adjustadjustedadjustingadjustmentadjustmentsadjustsreadjustreadjustedreadjustingreadjustmentreadjustmentsreadjusts alteralterablealterationalterationsalteredalteringalternate expandexpandedexpandingexpandsexpansionexpansionismexpansiveexposeexposedexposesexposingexposureexposuresexternalexternalisationexternaliseexternalisedexternalisesexternalisingexternalityexternalizationexternalizeexternalizedexternalizesexternalizingorientorientateorientatedorientatesorientationorientatingorientedorientingorientsreorientreorientationperspectiveperspectivespreciseimprecisepreciselyprecisionprimeprimacypsychologypsychologicalpsychologicallypsychologistpsychologistspursuealternatingaltersunalterableunaltered amendamendedamendingamendmentamendmentsamends awareawarenessunaware capacitycapacitiesincapacitateincapacitated challengechallengedchallengerchallengerschallengeschallenging clauseclauses compoundcompoundedcompoundingcompounds conflictconflictedconflictingconflicts consultconsultancyconsultantconsultantsconsultationconsultationsconsultativeconsultedconsultsconsulting contactexternallyfacilitatefacilitatedfacilitatesfacilitiesfacilitatingfacilitationfacilitatorfacilitatorsfacilityfundamentalfundamentallygenerategeneratedgeneratesgeneratinggenerationgenerationsimageimageryimagesliberalliberaliseliberalismliberalisationliberalisedliberalisesliberalisingliberalizationliberalizeliberalizedliberalizesliberalizingliberateliberatedliberatesliberationliberationsliberatingliberatorliberatorsliberallyliberalslicencepursuedpursuespursuingpursuitpursuitsratioratiosrejectrejectedrejectingrejectionrejectsrejectionsrevenuerevenuesstableinstabilitystabilisationstabilisestabilisedstabilisesstabilisingstabilizationstabilizestabilizedstabilizesstabilizingstabilityunstablestylestyledstylesstylingstylishstylisestylisedstylisesstylisingstylizestylizedstylizesstylizingsubstitutesubstituted-`contactablecontactedcontactingcontacts declinedeclineddeclinesdeclining discretediscretelydiscretiondiscretionaryindiscreteindiscretion draftdrafteddraftingdraftsredraftredraftedredraftingredrafts enableenabledenablesenabling energyenergeticenergeticallyenergies enforceenforcedenforcementenforcesenforcing entityentities equivalentequivalence evolveevolutionevolvedevolvingevolveslicenceslicenselicensedlicensinglicensesunlicensedlogicillogicalillogicallylogicallogicallylogicianlogiciansmarginmarginalmarginallymarginsmedicalmedicallymentalmentalitymentallymodifymodificationmodificationsmodifiedmodifiesmodifyingunmodifiedmonitormonitoredmonitoringmonitorsunmonitorednetworknetworkednetworkingnetworksnotionnotionsobjectiveobjectivelyobjectivitysubstitutessubstitutingsubstitutionsustainsustainablesustainabilitysustainedsustainingsustainssustenanceunsustainablesymbolsymbolicsymbolicallysymbolisesymbolisessymbolisedsymbolisingsymbolismsymbolizesymbolizedsymbolizessymbolizingsymbolstargettargetedtargetingtargetstransittransitedtransitingtransitiontransitionaltransitionstransitorytransitstrendtrendsversionversionswelfarewheevolutionaryevolutionistevolutionistsSublist 6 of the Academic Word Listabstractabstractionabstractionsabstractlyabstracts accurateaccuracyaccuratelyinaccuracyinaccuraciesinaccurate acknowledgeacknowledgedacknowledgesacknowledgingacknowledgementacknowledgements aggregateaggregatedaggregatesaggregatingaggregation allocateallocatedallocatesallocatingallocationallocationsassignassignedassigningassignmentassignmentsassignsreassignreassignedreassigning enhanceenhancedenhancementenhancesenhancingestateestatesexceedexceededexceedingexceedsexpertexpertiseexpertlyexpertsexplicitexplicitlyfederalfederationfederationsfeefeesflexibleflexibilityinflexibleinflexibilityfurthermoregendergendersignorantignoranceignoreignoredignoresignoringincentiveincentivesneutralneutralisationneutraliseneutralisedneutralisesneutralisingneutralityneutralizationneutralizeneutralizedneutralizesneutralizingneverthelessoverseasprecedeprecededprecedenceprecedentprecedesprecedingunprecedentedpresumepresumablypresumedpresumespresumingpresumptionpresumptionspresumptuousrationalirrationalrationalisationrationalisationsrationaliserationalisedrationalisesrationalisingreassignsunassigned attachattachedattachesattachingattachmentattachmentsunattached authorauthoredauthoringauthorsauthorship bondbondedbondingbondsbriefbrevitybriefedbriefingbrieflybriefs capablecapabilitiescapabilityincapable citecitationcitationscitedcitingcites cooperatecooperatedcooperatescooperatingcooperationcooperativecooperativelyco-operateco-operatedco-operates incidenceincidentincidentallyincidentsincorporateincorporatedincorporatesincorporatingincorporationindexindexedindexesindexinginhibitinhibitedinhibitinginhibitioninhibitionsinhibitsinitiateinitiatedinitiatesinitiatinginitiationinitiationsinitiativeinitiativesinitiatorinitiatorsinputinputsinstructinstructioninstructedinstructinginstructionsinstructiveinstructorinstructorsinstructsintelligentintelligenceintelligentlyunintelligentrationalismrationalityrationalizationrationalizationsrationalizerationalizedrationalizesrationallyrecoverrecoverablerecoveredrecoveringrecoversrecoveryrevealrevealedrevealingrevealsrevelationrevelationsscopesubsidysubsidiarysubsidiessubsidisesubsidisedsubsidisessubsidisingsubsidizesubsidizedsubsidizessubsidizingtapetapedtapestapingtracetraceabletracedtracestracingtransformtransformationtransformations。

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