考研英语经济学人文章阅读训练2020022903
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人_2
Surging living costs force Britons to work past retirement age生活成本飙升迫使英国人退休后继续工作The share of older UK workers planning to carry on working in their retirement has nearly doubled in two years due to rising living costs and insufficient pension savings, according to a survey from Abrdn.根据Abrdn的一项调查，由于生活成本上升和养老金储蓄不足，计划退休后继续工作的英国老年员工比例在两年内增加了近一倍。
The investment manager’s stark findings underscore the impact of soaring energy and food prices on household budgets, which is pressuring people’s finances as inflation hits a 30-year high.这家投资管理公司的严峻调查结果凸显出能源和食品价格飙升对家庭预算的影响。
随着通胀触及30年高点，家庭预算正给人们的财务状况带来压力。
Surveying people planning to retire in 2022, Abrdn found that 66 per cent respondents proposed to continue with some form of employment beyond retiring, up from just over 50 per cent in a similar study last year and just 34 per cent in 2020.Abrdn对计划2022年退休的人进行了调查，发现66%的受访者打算在退休后继续从事某种形式的工作，而在去年的一项类似研究中，这一比例略高于50%，而在2020年，这一比例仅为34%。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
A global house-price slump is coming全球房价即将暴跌It won’t blow up the financial system, but it will be scary虽然不会摧毁金融体系，但仍然令人恐慌Over the past decade owning a house has meant easy money. Prices rose reliably for years and then went bizarrely ballistic in the pandemic. Yet today if your wealth is tied up in bricks and mortar it is time to get nervous.过去十年里，拥有一套房就意味着轻松赚钱。
房价多年来一直稳步上涨，甚至在疫情期间还异乎寻常地飙升了。
然而现如今，如果你的财富被套牢在房产上，那你应该感到紧张了。
House prices are now falling in nine rich economies. The drops in America are small so far, but in the wildest markets they are already dramatic. In condo-crazed Canada homes cost 9% less than they did in February.九个发达经济体的房价都在下跌。
到目前为止，美国房价的跌幅还不大，但最疯狂的市场的房价跌幅已经非常大了。
在热衷于共管公寓的加拿大，房价较今年2月下跌了9%。
As inflation and recession stalk the world a deepening correction is likely—even estate agents are gloomy. Although this will not detonate global banks as in 2007-09, it will intensify the downturn, leave a cohort of people with wrecked finances and start a political storm.随着通货膨胀和经济衰退的风险在全球范围内蔓延，房价或将迎来一场深度调整——甚至房地产经纪人也对此感到悲观。
《经济学人》英语热点文章精选8篇(中英文对照
（考研英语阅读原文很多来自《经济学人》，希望大家好好看看)印度的救赎IN MAY America’s Federal Reserve hinted that it would soon start to reduce its vast purchases of Treasury bonds. As global investors adjusted to a world without ultra—cheap money, there has been a great sucking of funds from emerging markets。
Currencies and shares have tumbled, from Brazil to Indonesia, but one country has been particularly badly hit。
今年五月，美国联邦储备委员会(Federal Reserve）暗示，它将很快开始缩减大量购买国债的规模。
随着全球投资者开始调整策略，以适应没有超廉价资金的世界，大量资金开始逃离新兴市场.从巴西到印度尼西亚，货币及股票纷纷暴跌，但有一个国家受创尤其严重.Not so long ago India was celebrated as an economic miracle. In 2008 Manmohan Singh，the prime minister，said growth of 8—9% was India’s new cruising speed. He even predicted the end of the “chronic poverty，ignorance and disease, which has been the fate of millions of our countrymen for centuries”. Today he admits the outlook is difficult. The rupee has tumbled by 13% in three months。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
One afternoon in April 2020, I took an old bamboo rod out of my shed and cut it to a length of 115cm. Stood on the ground, it came about halfway up my chest. I laid it on a scrubby patch of our garden on the island of Aegina, in Greece: one end next to a tough-looking dandelion, the other pointed northwards. Then I dug up the dandelion with a trowel and replanted it at the other end of the stick. A small step for humans, but quite the leap for the dandelion.2020年4月的一个下午，我从棚子里拿出一根旧竹竿，把它切成了115厘米的长度。
立在地上，它的长度大概是到我胸部高度的一半。
我把它搁在花园中的一小片灌木丛生的土地上，花园位于希腊的埃吉纳岛（Aegina）上。
竹竿的一端挨着一株看上去很强韧的蒲公英，另一端朝着北方。
随后我用泥铲把蒲公英挖了出来，再把它重新种进竹竿另一端的土里。
对人类来说，这是一小步的距离，但对蒲公英而言却是一次不小的跃进。
This 115cm corresponds to a particular measurement. It is the present average velocity of climate change — how fast the effects of global heating are moving across the surface of the planet — and thus represents the speed we need to move in order for the conditions around us to stay the same. It also implies a direction: the bubble habitats where different forms of life can survive and thrive are moving uphill, and towards the poles.这115厘米所对应的是一个特定的尺寸。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
My phone was controlling me, so I went on a digital diet我的“数字节食”经历I was having a much-coveted weekday lie-in when my four-year-old bounded in to inform me it was time to get dressed. Shocked to find I had wasted nearly two hours scrolling mindlessly through my phone instead of resting, I got out of bed feeling more mentally exhausted than on mornings when I get up at the crack of dawn.工作日的早上，我正躺在床上，享受自己渴望已久的赖床时光，突然我四岁的孩子蹦蹦跳跳地进来，告诉我该起床穿衣了。
我这才震惊地发现，我已经浪费了近两个小时漫无目的地刷手机，却没好好休息。
下床后，我觉得自己比平时黎明时分起床还要精神疲惫。
My husband has been complaining about my screen addiction for months. I brushed it off. But somehow those two precious lost hours jolted me into recognition: my phone was controlling me.数月来，我的丈夫一直在抱怨我对手机上瘾，我都不予理睬。
但不知何故，这宝贵的两个小时让我幡然醒悟：我的手机在控制我。
Pondering what sort of digital diet to put myself on, I came across Mind Over Tech, founded by former sculptor and web developer Jonathan Garner. About five years ago, Garner was having a personal crisis. He noticed, as I had, that part of his mental disquiet came from having limited control over his attention when he used his phone. “I was setting out to do one task but being sidetracked into something totally different.I was scrolling through Twitter before I even knew my phone was unlocked.”在思考该试试哪一种“数字节食”时，我偶然发现了Mind Over Tech，这家公司的创立者乔纳森•加纳(Jonathan Garner)曾是雕塑家和网络开发人员。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Have baby, stay in school生孩子还是继续上学？Why teenage mothers in Zimbabwe struggle to get educated为什么津巴布韦的未成年妈妈很难继续接受教育Brilliant Ndlovu has never really known childhood. Since the age of seven she has headed her household in Tsholotsho, a town in rural western Zimbabwe, after her parents went to work abroad. The oldest of five, she scraped a living growing crops while trying to keep up with her schoolwork.聪明的恩德洛夫从未真正经历过童年。
自从7岁起，她的父母去国外工作后，她就一直在津巴布韦西部乡村小镇茨洛特肖主持家务。
她是五个孩子中的老大，一边靠种庄稼勉强糊口，一边还要努力完成学业。
But in 2020 the covid-19 pandemic struck, coming shortly after a devastating drought. Farmers could not afford to pay child labourers like Ms Ndlovu. “So I looked for a man to help support my family,” she recalls. She found one who demanded sex in exchange for money. Aged 17, she got pregnant.但在2020年，经历一场毁灭性的干旱后，新冠疫情又紧随其后。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
Britain’s young face a poorer future英国年轻一代面临更加贫穷的未来Economic statistics will never fully capture the extent of the sacrifices of Britain’s youth during the pandemic. For a generation of students and pupils it was a lost chance to make friends, explore who they are and, gradually, become adults — as well as to learn, in person. In the face of the deaths in the broader population, it is easy to dismiss as frivolous the setbacks of those who missed partying, travelling and dating during the long months stuck inside but these are still years of carefree youth they will not get back. What is more, most of these privations were primarily to protect those from older generations, the most vulnerable to the coronavirus.经济统计数字将永远不能完全反映出英国青年在这场大流行病中牺牲了多少。
对于这一代学生来说，他们失去了结交朋友、探索自我并逐渐成长为人,以及亲身学习的机会。
在有人死于新冠疫情之际，我们很容易认为被困在室内长达数月而错过聚会、旅行和约会的人所经历的这些挫折无关痛痒，但这是他们再也无法重返的无忧无虑的青春时光。
考研英语阅读理解外刊原文经济学人
A new study finds preschool can be detrimental to children一项新的研究发现，学前教育对孩子可能并没有好处But the picture may not be as gloomy as it seems但前景或许并不那么悲观Free, universal preschool for three- and four-year-olds is a key component of the Democrats’ agenda. Proponents say pre-kindergarten, or pre-K, education can be transformative for children, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. A new study seems to contradict this.为三、四岁儿童提供免费、普及的学前教育是民主党议程的一个关键组成部分。
支持者表示，学前教育对儿童（尤其是对那些来自弱势家庭的儿童来说）能够起到变革性作用。
一项新的研究似乎得出了与之相矛盾的结论。
It finds that children who attended a pre-K programme in Tennessee actually scored worse on a range of education and behavioural measures. Yet this might reflect general improvements in early education rather than the impact of one programme.该研究发现，在田纳西州参加学前教育项目的儿童实际上在一系列教育和行为指标上得分更低。
不过，这可能反映了早期教育的普遍改善，而不是一个项目的影响。
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The fight between people and pachyderms is growing ever more intense人象冲突，愈演愈烈As tropical dusk turns to night outside Galgamuwa,fireflies are not the only points of light around Lalith’s little rice paddy,the last field in the valley waiting to be harvested.当地处热带的加尔加穆瓦郊外从黄昏进入黑夜时，拉利斯的小片稻田（山谷中最后一片待收割的稻田）周围并不只有萤火虫闪烁着亮光。
On one side,bonfires are blazing in neighbours’fields.On the other, Lalith’s nephew is shining a torch out of one of the impressive tree houses that dot this part of the country.And in the middle of his paddy,seated around embers that are boiling a kettle,Lalith and friends are playing a furious card game that resembles whist.一边是邻近田地里熊熊燃烧的篝火。
另一边，拉利斯的侄子点燃了一个火把从树屋里走了出来，遍布该国这一地区的树屋让人印象深刻。
拉利斯和他的朋友们正围坐在稻田中央烧开水的篝火旁，玩着一种类似惠斯特的激烈的纸牌游戏。
Two dozen men are helping in all:this is Lalith’s watch against elephants emerging from the forest at night.Growing rice is like laying out dinner.A herd of cows and their calves can snaffle a year’s livelihood in a matter of minutes.前来帮忙的共计24人：这里是拉利斯为了防范夜晚从森林来袭的大象而设立的岗哨。
种植水稻就好比准备晚餐。
一群母象带着她们的孩子能在短短几分钟内毁掉他们一年的生计。
Sri Lankans’relationship with wild elephants is as ancient as it is complex. Curiously biddable and formidable in war,the animals were of great value to Sinhalese kings,who used them to build imposing monuments.斯里兰卡人与野生大象的关系源远而又复杂。
奇怪的是，这些动物在战争中是顺从而令人生畏的，对于僧伽罗（斯里兰卡旧称）的国王们来说，它们是大有用处的，人们利用大象来建造雄伟的纪念碑。
The Portuguese brought the first Sri Lankan elephant to Europe:fed on cake,it died of dyspepsia and lies buried in the Vatican Gardens.British settlers used elephants to clear forest for their tea plantations.欧洲第一头大象就是葡萄牙人从斯里兰卡带来的：人们给它喂食蛋糕，它最终死于消化不良，并被埋葬在梵蒂冈花园里。
英国殖民者还利用大象来清理森林，以便建造茶园。
As John Gimlette,a writer on Sri Lanka,puts it,elephants have served as tractor,limousine,warhorse and executioner.Today very few remain enslaved,but6,000-plus wild animals roam the countryside.正如斯里兰卡作家约翰•吉姆莱特所说，大象曾经充当过拖拉机、豪华轿车、战马和刽子手的角色。
如今，受人奴役的大象已经所剩无几了，但仍有6000多头野生大象游荡在乡野之间。
There,“human-elephant conflict”has always been an issue.Humans have been chasing away elephants for as long they have been growing crops;elephants have long flattened both.So how to explain an alarming increase in human-elephant collisions in just the past couple of years?在乡野，“人象冲突”是一个长久以来一直存在的问题。
人类自开始种植庄稼以来就一直在驱赶大象了；大象如果愿意，早就将农田和人类都踏为平地了。
那么，如何解释仅仅在过去几年人象冲突事件的激增呢？Until recently200-250elephants died at human hands every year.But in 2018the toll climbed to319,and to386last year.Over the same period, human fatalities have risen sharply,to114last year.近些年来，每年都会有200-250头大象死于人类之手。
但在2018年，大象死亡数量攀升至319头，去年甚至达到了386头。
而同期，死于大象的人数也在激增，去年达到了114人。
Prithiviraj Fernando,who runs the Centre for Conservation and Research (CCR),says it is the baneful consequence of a kind of arms race.Finding that increasingly fearless elephants could not be chased away with shouts or stones,villagers in recent years have used huge firecrackers,subsidised by the government,which sound like bombs going off.环境保护与研究中心的负责人普里希维拉杰·费尔南多说，这是人象武备竞争带来的恶果。
近年来，村民们发现，大象变得越来越无所畏惧，喊叫或者仍石头已经无法赶走它们了，于是他们便使用由政府资助的听起来像是炸弹爆炸的巨型鞭炮来驱赶大象。
The elephants have learned to ignore them.They deal with electric fences by,for instance,uprooting trees and dropping them on the wires.Some law-breaking villagers pepper animals with shot,set snares to catch trunks or legs,or plant explosives in pumpkins that mangle animals’mouths and lead to horrific deaths by starvation.然而大象已经懂得无视它了。
它们甚至能够对付电围栏，例如，它们会将树连根拔起，然后朝着电围栏的电线砸去。
一些村民开始违法射杀大象，设置陷阱捕袭大象躯体或四肢，或是将炸药安置在南瓜中，导致大象的嘴巴被炸烂，最终活活被饿死。
Peppered,taunted and maimed,elephants have unsurprisingly grown more aggressive,readier to charge when threatened than to run away.Relocating peccant pachyderms to national parks,another strategy popular with politicians,is also ineffective.Elephants,as Mr Fernando puts it,do not recognise park boundaries.They will sometimes travel hundreds of kilometres to return to their home range.毫无疑问，饱受虐待、嘲弄和残害的大象将变得更具攻击性，它们在受到威胁时更有可能选择攻击而非逃跑。
政客们热衷的另一项措施是将这些易动怒的大象转移至国家公园，但这并不起作用。
正如费尔南多所说，大象并不知道国家公园的边界。
它们有时会跋涉数百公里回到它们自己的家乡。
(红色标注词为重难点词汇)重难点词汇：lay out布置；安排biddable[ˈbɪdəbl]adj.顺从的；可叫牌的monument[ˈmɑːnjumənt]n.纪念碑；古迹dyspepsia[dɪsˈpepʃə]n.消化不良limousine[ˈlɪməziːn]n.豪华轿车baneful[ˈbeɪnfl]adj.有害的；有毒的mangle[ˈmæŋɡl]vt.破坏；损坏taunt[tɔːnt]v.奚落；嘲弄maim[meɪm]vt.使残废peccant['pɛkənt]adj.犯罪的；有过失的。