专八GeneralKnowledge知识点
专八GeneralKnowledge知识点(4)
专八GeneralKnowledge知识点(4)38. Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion（强制）. 联合抵制, 联合起来拒绝使用、购买或经销以示抗议、不满或作为强制的手段39. Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society. 种族隔离, 强制实行种族的社会分离政策及实践，如在学校、居住和工业中，尤指在白人居多的社会中实行有色人种歧视的政策40. Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites. 种族隔离制, 南非共和国实行的一种官方的种族隔离政策，包括在政治、法律和经济诸方面对非白色人种的歧视.41. Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation. 种族或宗教融合, 在社会或组织中，使不同的种族或宗教派别的人处于无限制的平等的关系中；取消种族隔离42. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.43. Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”; it means nowhere land in Greek.44. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.45. Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位，音素, 语言中最小的语音单位，如英语里mat中的 m和 bat中的 b46. polysemy: 一词多义47. patron saint：保护圣徒, 守护神48. Parentese: 父母语49. back formation: 逆构词脱落一词的词缀以构成新词 typewriter → typewrite50. allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the phonetic s of cats, z of dogs, and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme. 语素变体, 语素的一种变体形式，如语音学的中之 s在 cats中，z在dogs中，和 iz在 horses中，还有 en在 oxen中都是英语复数语素的语素变体.【。
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE常识篇
GENERAL KNOWLEDGE常识篇1．问：How many departments are there on board?答：Three departments: Deck Department, Engine Department, Service Department. 2．问：Could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping?答：Many conventions. For example: SOLAS, STCW, MARPOL, IMDG Code, and so on.注：船东一般比较重视海事法规。
他们都希望自己的雇员都懂法、守法、用法，因此船员应该知道国际上生效的各种公约法规，常用的如避碰规则，值班培训与发证标准国际公约等。
3．问：Could you tell the usage of several international conventions?答：For example: STCW stands for the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping for Seafarers. As the name suggested, it concerns training, watchkeeping, certificate standards. 72 COLREGS concerns the International Regulations for Preventing Collision at sea, 1972. It stipulates traffic rules at sea.MARPOL 73/78 deals with marine environment pollution protection.注：船东不仅希望船员了解海事法规的数量，而且希望雇员了解公约内容、生效时间、以及修正版本、修正内容等。
专八人文知识 (2)
2014年专八人文知识真题：
5. "Grace under pressure" is an outstanding virtue of ________ heros? A. Scott Fitagerald's B. Ernest Hemingway's C. William Faulkner's D. Eugene O' Neill's
2015年专八人文知识真题：
A is best known for the technique of 35. ____ dramatic monologue in his poems. A. Robert Browning B. W. B. Yeats C. William Blake D. William Wordsworth
美国文学分为四个时期: 1. The Literature around the Revolution of Independence 独立革命前后的文学时期 2. American Romanticism 美国浪漫主义时期 3. American Realism 美国现实主义文学时期 4. American Modernism 美国现代主义文学时期
语言学上几个重要的对比：
1. Prescriptive & Descriptive
2. Competence & Performance 3. Langue & Parole
4. Synchronic & Diachronic
Speech Act Theory 言语行为理论
locutionary act 言语行为 illocutionary act 施事行为 Speaking sth. is doing sth. perlocutionary act 取效行为
英语专八人文常识 语言学
词义演变（Semantic Change）
1. widening of meaning/generalization（词义扩大） 2. narrowing of meaning/specialization（词义缩小） 3. meaning shift（词义转移）：
degradation（词义降格）
creativity（多产性）
displacement（移位性） interchangibility（可交替性）
cultural transmission（文化传输性）
2. prescriptive and descriptive（规定性和描述性研究） synchronic and diachronic（共时与历时研究） 3. competence and performance（语言能力与应用） 4. langue and parole （语言与言语）
语义学（Semantics）
2. semantic triangle（语义三角）
3. synonymy（同义关系） 4. antonymy（反义关系） 5. hyponymy（上下义关系） 6. polysemy（一词多义） 7. homonymy（同形/同音异义关系）
1. Leech’s seven types of meaning（利奇的七种意义）
1. Context（语境） 2. Speech Act Theory（言语行为理论）： a) John Austin: Locutionary act（言内行为） Illocutionary act（言外行为） Perlocutionary act（言后行为） indirect speech act b) John Searle: representatives（阐述类） directives（指令类） commissives （承诺类） expressives（表达类） declarations（宣一、对知名的语言学家及其基本理论的重点考查
英语专业八级词汇精讲
英语专业八级词汇精讲在讨论英语专业八级词汇精讲之前，我们先来明确什么是英语专业八级考试。
英语专业八级考试是为了测试英语专业学生的英语能力而设立的一种英语水平认证考试。
它要求考生具备一定的英语听、说、读、写能力，尤其注重对专业英语词汇的掌握。
因此，对于英语专业八级考试的考生而言，良好的词汇积累是非常重要的。
一、词汇的重要性每一个英语学习者都了解词汇的重要性。
词汇是语言的基础，通过词汇，我们可以表达思想，传达信息。
在英语学习的过程中，扩充词汇量可以帮助我们更准确地理解英语材料，并且能够更流利地表达自己的观点。
二、词汇的分类我们可以将英语词汇分为学术词汇和一般词汇。
学术词汇是指在特定学科领域中使用的词汇，而一般词汇则是日常生活中经常使用的词汇。
对于英语专业八级考试来说，学术词汇是我们需要重点关注的对象。
三、词汇的积累方法1. 阅读：通过大量阅读英语原版书籍、文章，可以接触到更多的词汇，并且了解其具体用法和语境。
2. 记忆：使用各种记忆方法，如使用单词卡片，制定学习计划，进行有针对性的复习，帮助记忆和巩固词汇。
3. 写作：在写作过程中，运用所学的词汇，使得这些词汇更加深入人心，提高运用的自如度。
4. 听力：通过听力材料，可以锻炼对词汇的听觉记忆，提升理解和运用能力。
四、词汇学习的注意事项1. 学习词汇时，要注重词汇的语境和搭配，避免死记硬背。
2. 多使用词汇，通过练习来巩固词汇的掌握程度。
3. 注意学习过程中的错误，从中学习和总结经验。
4. 在学习过程中，注重理解词汇的词根、词缀，这有助于记忆和理解更多的单词。
五、词汇练习资源推荐1. 专业词汇书籍：如《专业英语词汇》等，这些书籍会有针对英语专业八级考试所需的词汇进行分类和解释。
2. 在线资源：如词汇学习网站、APP等，可以根据自己的需要选择合适的词汇学习资源进行练习和巩固。
总结：通过对英语专业八级词汇精讲的讨论，我们可以看出词汇的重要性以及词汇学习的方法和技巧。
专八GeneralKnowledge知识点（3）
25. Vanity Fair 名利场 was written by William Makepeace Thackeray.26. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins尼尔．阿姆斯特朗、埃德温．奥尔德林、迈克尔．柯林斯27. The title of the national anthem 国歌 of Canada is O Canada. 此种类型题同学们可⾃⼰多找⼏个国家。
28. Henry David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.29. Etymology: the history of a word. 词源学30. The dominant accent in the United States is General American. 除纽约市、南⽅、新英格兰31. John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披头⼠或甲壳⾍乐队in the 1960s.32. In Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect society. 有理智和⼈性的马 Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.33. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.34. Morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. 词素, ⼀种含有⼀个单词的有意义的语⾔单位，如 -ed在单词 walked中，不能被划分为更⼩的有意义单位35. The name of the famous stadium露天体育场 in the north of London is Wembley.36. Wimbledon温布尔登[英国英格兰东南部城市](位于伦敦附近, 是的国际球⽐赛地)37. Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe⾷谱, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of England. 烤⾯拖⽜⾁，，⾯拖烤⾹肠。
专八知识点,敲黑板了？
专八知识点，敲黑板了？
当谈到专八考试的知识点时，我们需要注意到专八考试是英语
专业的全国性考试，其内容涵盖了英语语言知识、阅读能力、写作
能力以及翻译能力等多个方面。
以下是专八考试的一些知识点：
1. 语法知识，包括但不限于动词时态、语态、虚拟语气、名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词、连词等的用法和搭配。
2. 词汇量，考生需要掌握丰富的词汇量，包括常见词汇、短语、习惯用语等，以便在阅读和写作中能够准确地理解和表达意思。
3. 阅读能力，考生需要具备较强的阅读理解能力，能够快速准
确地理解英文文章的主旨、细节和观点，并能够进行分析和推理。
4. 写作能力，包括写作的结构、逻辑、连贯性、表达能力等方面，考生需要能够独立完成一篇文章的写作，包括议论文、说明文、应用文等不同类型的写作。
5. 翻译能力，考生需要具备较强的中英翻译能力，能够准确地
理解和翻译中文和英文之间的意思，并能够根据语境和语言特点进
行恰当的翻译。
总的来说，专八考试的知识点涵盖了英语语言的各个方面，考生需要全面、深入地掌握这些知识点，才能在考试中取得好成绩。
希望以上信息能够帮助你更好地理解专八考试的知识点。
英语专业八级General+Knowledge知识点
专八General Knowledge知识点1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学3.Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym : 首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA是Initialism。
6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美政府或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个"红领巾"也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。
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专八General Knowledge知识点1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中，对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法，研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学，以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学5. acronym : 首字母组合词，首字母缩略词，比如，NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼，但VOA是 Initialism。
6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻，一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法，如用华盛顿代替美政府或用剑代替军事力量，对面来了三个“红领巾”也是，以红领巾指代少先队员。
？7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).明喻, 一种修辞手法，把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较，通常在由like或as引导的短语中，如“我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”（莎士比亚）8. :Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare) 隐喻一种语言表达手法，通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物，从而暗示它们之间的相似之处，如“忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏”(莎士比亚) the ship of desert 沙漠之舟9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修饰法, 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法，如在震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观cruel kindness10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost. Paradise Regained was also written by him.12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes. 十四行诗体, 一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式，通常有一种传统的押韵形式, 莎士比亚用过此诗体。
13. Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect. 俚语主要出现在非正式的、游戏性的话语中的一种语言，基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成，它们被故意地用来取代标准的词语以达到生动、幽默、无礼或其它效果14. Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement. 警句，妙句，吸引人的词句广泛使用的或流行的用语，尤指用作集团或运动的口号的用语。
15. Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group. 行话, 一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言.terminology16. Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant. 陈腔滥调, 陈腐的或平庸的评论或陈述，尤指某人表述它时好象它是新颖的或有意义的17. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸张法,一种比喻，使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果，比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重18. onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. 象声词, 词的构成或用法，例如buzz 或murmur模仿事物或行动的声音.19. hypotaxis:从属关系20. parataxis: 并列结构，指短语或分句间不用连词，如：I came, I saw, I conquered.21. Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. 超验主义, 一种文学和哲学运动，与拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生和玛格丽特·富勒有关，宣称存在一种理想的精神实体，超越于经验和科学之处，通过直觉得以把握22. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter. 美国23. Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.词法，词态学，形态音位学, 语言或某一语言中对于单词的结构和形式的研究，包括词尾变化、派生和合成词的构成24. affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant辅音followed by a fricative 摩擦; for example, the initial sounds of child and joy. 塞擦音由闭塞音伴随着摩擦音而形成的复杂的语音；例如child和joy的第一个音Also called: affricative.25. Vanity Fair 名利场was written by William Makepeace Thackeray.26. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins尼尔．阿姆斯特朗、埃德温．奥尔德林、迈克尔．柯林斯27. The title of the national anthem国歌of Canada is O Canada. 此种类型题同学们可自己多找几个国家。