SILAS SAM General Presentation
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黑金大气欧美轻奢大理石风商务汇报路演自我介绍商业计划免费PPT模板(11)
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ABA-NBA合并
在1967年，NBA联盟中只有十支球队。
联盟为此决心扩军，并为加入联盟的球队开出了相当优厚的待遇，加入联盟的球队将获得价值150万美元的电视转播合同，这相当于2007年一份价值800万美元的合同。
这让许多城市的商人和财团蠢蠢欲动，准备在自己所在的城市成立一支本土球队进军NBA。
而ABA与NBA抗衡的方式则是抢夺更多的明星球员进入ABA联盟打球，从NBA联盟挖角优秀裁判去ABA执法比赛。
ABA和NBA双方尝试合并的努力因为一起诉讼案而遭搁浅。
这便是史上著名的"奥斯卡·罗伯特森诉讼案"。
在1970年NBA联盟通过合并ABA联盟的决定后，NBA球员工会在1970年4月提出诉讼，反对合并可能会带来的行业垄断。
正因为ABA的存在，NBA和ABA在签约球员时才会不断的提出更高的价码。
在1976年2月3日，此案终于告一段落，联盟同意球员在合约到期后可以成为自由球员，但原球队拥有优先续约权的条款。
这次事件一度成为合并谈判之路中的障碍，但大势所趋，ABA-NBA合并并没有因此案而停止。
尽管有奥斯卡·罗伯特森诉讼案，1972年，美国国会差点要立法促使两个联盟合并了。
1972年九月，从美国参议员委员会传出消息，一部促使两个联盟合并的草案即将出台。
但这部东拼西凑的草案旨在取悦球队的老板们，置球员利益和参议员感受于不顾。
在后来的投票中，这部草案被彻底否决。
而1973年再次起草的方案虽然得到了参议员们的认可，但没有取得任何实质性的进展。
立法之路失败，ABA联盟成立了新的委员会。
委员会成员迈克·斯道恩（Mike Storen）认为要在合并的过程中公平对待两个联盟。
亚历克斯·汉纳姆（Alex Hannum）这位在ABA 和NBA都曾执教过的教练同意斯道恩的观点，认为最重要的问题是平等的合并待遇，并力挺斯道恩为此做出的努力。
"斯道恩都是为了大家好，他希望把我们的联盟变得更强大，因此他会抱着一颗平常心去谈判。
The Reflection of English Learning By Sam(英语学习的技巧)
The Reflection of English LearningGood afternoon ladies and gentlemen. It’s my honour to have you in my lever-up presentation. I’m Sam; I’ve been learning English at World English School for about 2 years. My first tutor is Sally, now is Kayla. In my pre sentation , I’m going to talk about some problems I’ve got in English at this school, and why we haven’t get an obvious progress in English learning.My presentation will be in four parts. Firstly, I’ll talk about “why we make such little progress in Engl ish learning?” Secondly, I’d like to focus on the learning process of Chinese students. Then we can analyze what the main problems of English learning are at World English School. Finally, I’ll share my opinions about efficient way of English learning with all of you!Please feel free to interrupt me if you have any question.I’ll start by a question which is “why do we make such little progress in English learning?” I think most of us have learnt English for many years and some of us even more than 10 years. However, our English is still not good. Will we stay in this situation in next decade? Surely we won’t. It’stime for us to think how to improve our English. Then I’ll give you some reasons why we (mark time) step on a tough way of English. The first and vital one is we don’t have any clues about how to learn a foreign language. What we learnt from traditional way is the strategies of exams, such as CET4,CET6 and TOEFL and so on. The second one is that we ignore many brilliant suggestions come from our teachers. It’s a pity for us. Val recommends that we should read English version books which are appropriate to us many times. Aqua tells us a story about a student who recited New Concept 3&4 again and again and then he had benefit from it a lot. Melinda recommends the articles from Studio Classroom to us and then imitate them as much as possible. She also emphasis the stress and the intonation of English. All of these ideas are fabulous and efficient, but sadly we usually ignore them. The final reason is we don’t pay enough attention to our study. Somehow, I’ve found that we come to World for learning English while later atmosphere of friendship drive some of us lost.Now let us turn our attention to our learning process. First, we enjoy talking with foreign teachers in EC&SC or in office while we rarely imitate them, we just simply show what we can say. What’s more, it’s unlikely to use and practice English outside of our school for us. A few days ago, I made a simple questionnaire about our English learning habits.The survey showed me that only one eighth of respondents review what we have already learned. Secondly we pay much attention to the vocabulary while hardly consider how to use them. I think each of us recited tons of words. We can recognize many of them, but can we use them correctly? At least my answer is "no". Next, watching movies is one of our favourite methods to learn English. However, I think it's useless unless we focus on listening to their voices instead of enjoying the plots and following the subtitles. Same with watching movies, reading shouldn't be too casual. We should analyze each sentence and paragraph rather than general ideas.Next, I'd like to analyze what are the main problems of English learning at World English School. There is a saying "attitude is everything". Some of us think English environment is a significant factor to English learning. So we just put ourselves into there and wait for a surprising progress coming. And some of us come here just release pressures and make friends rather than learn English. Thirdly, we aren't confident, we think we can't make progress without our tutors’ help. Tutors have to force us to learn, to do homework. Not having any clear target also pull us from any progress. The survey which I did also revealed a weakness, that less than half of the respondents have their own learning strategies and reading habits. And also most of us don't review what we have already learntfrom every class.So we’ve already found the problems. Now, what can w e do to figure them out, to learn English in a more efficient way? I'd like to share my opinions. First, clear your minds and make sure you want to use English, and then set a personal goal. Whatever it is, talking with English speakers fluently, being able to translate or writing well organized, logical and coherence article may be the basic ones. Then make your own learning strategies. There are amount of approaches to learn English. Pick one of them or create your unique one. For me, I tend to pay more attention to intensive listening and reading as well as accumulating sentence structures as much as possible. Don't be afraid of talking with native speakers. Be brave!。
Presentation演讲实例
Early visions of wireless power actually were thought of by Nikola Tesla basically about 100 years ago. And so, in fact, he actually set about doing a variety of things. Built the Tesla coil. This tower was built on Long Island back at the beginning of the 1900s. And the idea was, it was supposed to be able to transfer power anywhere on Earth. We'll never know if this stuff worked. Actually, I think the Federal Bureau of Investigation took it down for security purposes, sometime in the early 1900s.Bad news？Creative ideas that this tesla coil becomes the staples of soviet military installation.The electricity out can devastate the enemy infantry and proved almost as effective on most vehicles.Let’s back to the theme.The one thing that did come out of electricity is that we love this thingso much.I mean,think about how much we love it.If you just walk outside,there are infinite dollars have been invested in infrastructure around the world, putting up wires to get power from where it's created to where it's used. The other thing is, we love batteries.However,for those of us that has environmental pollution to our world,there is something like 40 billion disposable batteries built every year for power that. Do you ever wonder what happens to this stuff? 40 billion of these things built. This is what happens. They fall apart, they disintegrate, and they end up here.Without a battery,we need a wire for electricit though.Whereas,bad experience would still be thereWe've all dealt with wire jungles behind our computers and televisions. They just crop up, a natural tangle of cords formed by the devices we connect to each other. It's just a reality of modern technology. However, they can be more than simply inconvenient; large cable tangles can be detrimental to certain electronics' performance, and in extreme cases can be outright dangerous.Besides the risk of fire and electrical short, a tangle of power cables can potentially damage your electronics through unwanted power loss (that is, unexpectedly yanking a power cable out of the wall).There is another problem with interference.Analog signals sent over cables, like audio piped out from an receiver to speakers, can get interference from strong electrical currents, like power cables. An audible buzz can be heard when placing speaker cables (or any other analog audio cable) within a few inches of a live power cable.So ,think about it.Waking up at night to the third night in a row that his wife's cellphone was beeping because it was running out of battery power. And he was thinking, "With all the electricity that's out there in the walls, why couldn't some of that just come into the phone so I could get some sleep?"He is Dr.Soljacic,the theretical physicist at MIT,coming up with the concept of tranferring the electricity over distance.Basically they were able to light a 60 watt light bulb at a distance of about two meters. It got about 50 percent of the efficiency -- by the way, that's still a couple thousand times more efficient than a battery would be, to do the same thing. This was actually the experiment. So you can see the coils were somewhat larger. The light bulb was a fairly simple task.But he were able to light that, and do it very successfully.So how does it work?Imagine a coil. For those of you that are engineers, there's a capacitor attached to it too. And if you can cause that coil to resonate, what will happen is it will pulse at alternating current frequencies -- at a fairly high frequency, by the way. And if you can bring another device close enough to the source, that will only work at exactly that frequency, you can actually get them to do what's called strongly couple, and transfer magnetic energy between them. And then what you do is, you start out with electricity, turn it into magnetic field, take that magnetic field, turn it back into electricity, and then you can use it.Okay,you may have the question that is this system be able to exchange the different power between different objects.Let’s move on to the evidence for that.The amount of wine in the glass affected its resonant frequency by singer’s voice performing in a room filled with wine glasses.Only when absorbed enough energy from sound waves in the air it was to be shattered –while the other glasses remained unharmed.In this example, energy is transferred very efficiently between sound waves in the air and the mechanical vibrations of the glass, at the partially filled wine glass’resonant frequency.。
美国总统在马里兰州布莱登斯堡高中英语演讲稿_英语演讲稿_
美国总统在马里兰州布莱登斯堡高中英语演讲稿Hello, Mustangs! (Applause.) Fantastic. Well, everybody have a seat. Have a seat. Thank you, Leah, for the great introduction. Give Leah a big round of applause. Yay! (Applause.) Meeting young people like Leah just makes me inspired. It’s a good way to start the week. And all of the students here who are discovering and exploring new ideas is one of the reasons I love visiting schools like Bladensburg High. And so I just want to congratulate all of you for the great work that you’re doing.I brought a couple of folks here who are helping to facilitate some of the programs here. Mynew Deputy Secretary of Labor, Chris Lu, is here. Give him a big round of applause. (Applause.) And some of the biggest champions for education in Prince George’s County arehere, including your Governor, Martin O’Malley. (Applause.) County Executive Rushern Baker. (Applause.) Mayor Walter James. (Applause.) Superintendent Kevin Maxwell. (Applause.) Yourbiggest fans in Congress, Donna Edwards and Steny Hoyer. (Applause.) We are proud of all ofthem, and we’re proud of you.All of you remind me, all these young people here, that young people today are working oncooler stuff than they were when I was in high school. In classrooms across the country,students just like the students here, they’re working hard, they’re setting their sights high.And we’ve got to do everything we can to make sure that all of you have a chance to succeed.And that’s why y our outstanding principal, Aisha Mahoney, is working so hard at this school. (Applause.) That’s why Governor O’Malley has been working so hard to repair old schools andbuild new ones across the state of Maryland. Andthat’s why I’m here today. Because last year,we launched a national competition to redesign America’s high schools for the 21st century --the 21st century economy. And I’m proud to say that your hard work here has paid off, becauseone of the winners is Prince George’s County. (Applause.) Good job. That’s right, you guys havedone great. (Applause.)Now, let me tell you why this is so important. Many of the young people here, you’ve grown upin the midst of one of the worst economic crises of our lifetimes. And it’s been hard and it’sbeen painful. There are a lot of families that lost their homes, lost jobs; a lot of families that arestill hurting out there. But the work that we’ve done, the groundwork that we’ve laid, hascreated a situation where we’re moving in the right direction. Our businesses have createdalmost 9 million new jobs over the last four years. Our high school graduation rate is thehighest on record. Dropout rates are going down; among Latinos, the dropout rate has been cutin half since 2019. (Applause.) More young people are earning college degrees than ever before.We’ve been bringing troops home from two wars. More than 7 million Americans have nowsigned up for health coverage through the Affordable Care Act. (Applause.)So we’ve been making progress, but we’ve got more work to do to make sure that every one ofthese young people, that everybody who is willing to work hard has the chance to get ahead.We’ve got to make sure that our economy works for everybody, not just a few. We’ve got tomake sure opportunity exists for all people. No matter who you are, no matter where youstarted out, you’ve got to have confidence that if you work hard and take responsibility, youcan make it.And that’s the chance that this country gave me. It’s thechance that this country gaveMichelle. And that’s why we’re working so hard for what we call an opportunity agenda -- onethat gives everybody a shot. And there are four simple goals: We want to create new jobs. Wewant to make sure that people have the skills to fill those jobs. We want to make sure everyyoung person has a world-class education. And we want to make sure that we reward hard workwith things like health care you can count on and wages you can live on.And Maryland and Governor O’Malley have been working alongside us on these issues, and Iwant to give a special shout-out to the Maryland legislature because, because of GovernorO’Malley’s leadership, you are helping to make sure that we are raising more people’s wageswith your push to raise your minimum wage right here in Maryland. (Applause.) We’re veryproud to see that happen. And I hope Governor O’Malley is going to sign it into law soon. GiveMaryland a raise. (Applause.) That’s good work.But the main focus here is guaranteeing every young person has access to a world-classeducation. Every single student. Now, that starts before high school. We’ve got to start at theyoungest ages by making sure we’ve got high-quality preschool and other early learningprograms for every young child in America. (Applause.) It makes a difference.We’ve got to make su re that every student has access to the world’s information and the world’sbest technology, and that’s why we’re moving forward with an initiative we call ConnectED tofinally connect 99 percent of America’s students to high-speed Internet in the next few years. (Applause.) It means that we’ve got to rein in college costs -- because I want to make sure thatLeah, when she goes to school, she’s not burdenedwith too much debt. (Applause.) And we’vegot to make it easier to repay student loans -- because none of the young people here should bedenied a higher education just because your family has trouble affording it. And a world-classeducation means preparing every young person with the skills they need for college, for acareer, and for a lifetime of citizenship.So what we did was we launched a new competition, backed by America’s Departments ofEducation and Labor, to start redesigning some of our high schools. We call it YouthCareerConnect. And we’re offering $100 million in new grants to help schools and local partnersdevelop and test new curricula and models for success. We want to invest in your future.You guys are all coming up in an age where you’re not going to be able to compete with peopleacross town for good jobs -- you’re going to be competing with th e rest of the world. Youngpeople in India and China, they’re all interested in trying to figure out how they get a footholdin this world economy. That’s who you’re competing against. Now, I’m confident you canmatch or exceed anything they do, but we don’t do it by just resting on what we’ve donebefore. We’ve got to out-work and out-innovate and out-hustle everybody else. We’ve got tothink about new ways of doing things.And part of our concern has been our high schools, a lot of them were designed withcurriculums based on the 1940s and ‘50s and ‘60s, and haven’t been updated. So the ideabehind this competition is how do we start making high school, in particular, moreinteresting, more exciting, more relevant to young people.Last year, for example, I visited a school called P-TECH --- this is in Brooklyn -- a high schoolthat partnered with IBM and theCity University of New York to offer its students not only a highschool diploma, but also an associate’s degree in computer systems or electromechanicalengineering. IBM said that P-TECH graduates would be the first in line for jobs.Then I visited a high school in Nashville that offers “academies” where students focus on aspecific subject area -- but they’re also getting hands-on experience running their own creditunion, working in their own TV studios, learning 3D printing, tinkering with their own airplane -- which was pretty cool. I never got to do that. I did get my own airplane later in life. (Laughter.) Although I’ve got to give it back. (Laughter.) I don’t get to keep it.But this is stuff I didn’t get to do when I was in high school -- and I wish I had. But it’s stuffyou have to know how to do today, in today’s economy. Things are moving faster, they’re moresophisticated.So we challenged America’s high schools to look at what’s happening in a place like P-TECH,look at what’s happening in cities like Nashville, and then say what can you do to make sureyour students learn the skills that businesses are looking for in high-demand fields. And weasked high schools to develop partnerships with colleges and employers, and create classes thatfocus on real-life applications for the fields of the future -- fields like science and technology andengineering and math. And part of the reason we have to do this now is because othercountries, they’ve got a little bit of a lead on us on some of these areas.A country like Germany right now focuses on graduating their high school students with atechnical degree equivalent that give them a head start. So we’re asking schools to look intowhatplaces like Germany are doing.Now, not every school that enters into this competition for the $100 million is going to win --because we don’t have enough money for everybody, and we want to force schools to think hardand redesign, and we want to reward the schools that are being most innovative and areactually proving some of the concepts that they’re trying out. But the great thing is thatthrough this competition, schools across the country that entered have changed the way theyprepare their students, and have already made enormous improvements, even before they getthe grant. And, ultimately, we had to choose the top Youth CareerConnect initiatives. Today,I’m proud to say that schools across America are putting up some pretty impressive proposals.The winners across the board are doing the kinds of stuff that will allow othe r schools to startduplicating what they’re doing. The winners in Indianapolis are expanding their career prepprograms to encourage more young women and kids from diverse backgrounds to join ourscience and technology workforce. New York City likes that Brooklyn high school model, P-TECH,so much that they’re using their grant to fund two more just like it, so that students can gaintwo degrees at once and get the edge they need in today’s high-tech, high-speed economy. Andas I mentioned earlier, one of our 24 winners is a three-school team including your high school.Mustangs, you guys are part of the team that won! (Applause.) That’s good.Now, in part, the reason you won is because you guys were ahead of the curve. You werealready winning. For a couple years now, your career academies have been integratingclassroom learning with ready-to-work skills, and you’re preparing students to move directlyinto the in-demand jobs of the future -- jobs in IT and biosciences and hospitality. And nowyou’re stepping it up. Yo u’re taking it to another level. So in the classroom I just visited, youhad 10th graders -- although there was also a freshman -- who are studying epidemiology -- thestudy of disease patterns and outbreaks. And they’re getting potentially college-level creditfor it, which is good because they may be the young people who discover a cure for somedisease down the line that we don’t even know about yet.I know our brilliant scientists at the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for DiseaseControl, they’d be proud of you. They like looking at bacteria. (Laughter.) And I got a littleworried when I went into the classroom -- everybody was wearing goggles and vests, and Ididn’t have my goggles. (Laughter.) But they assured me it was safe. But some of youMustangs are pushing yourselves to get industry-recognized certifications in nursing, whileother students on this winning team are studying cutting-edge technology and getting hands-on internship experience at local businesses. And we know these are skills that will be indemand. Companies will come looking to hire you because of the experiences you’ve gottenhere.If you’re focused, if you’re working hard, you now have a platform so that by the time you getout of high school you’re already ahead of the game; yo u’re already in a position where you’vegot some skills that make you employable. And then you can just take it further, whether it’s atwo-year college or a four-year college, or graduate school. Or there are a couple of young ladiesin there who said they want to be neurosurgeons, psychiatrists. So you can build on thesecareers, but the point is you have a baseline where you know if you’re focused here at thisschool, doing your work, you’re going to be able to find ajob.And the grants that you’ve won in th is Youth CareerConnect competition mean that theprograms you’ve started are going to expand, and you’re going to get more college and careercounseling to help get you a jump on your post-high school plans. So a little over four yearsfrom now, Bladensburg and your partner schools will graduate hundreds more students withthe knowledge and skills that you’ll need to succeed.And that’s what we want for all the young people here. We want an education that engagesyou; we want an education that equips you with the rigorous and relevant skills for collegeand for a career.And I’m confident -- meeting these young people, they were incredible. And a couple of themgiggled a little bit when I walked in, but after they kind of settled down -- (laughter) -- theywere -- they knew their stuff, and they were enjoying it. And that’s part of the message I’ve gotfor all the young people here today, is your potential for success is so high as long as you stayfocused. As long as you’re clear about your goals, you’re going to succeed.And my message to the older people here -- like me -- is we’ve got a collective responsibilityto make sure that you’re getting those opportunities. And there are resources out there thatwe’ve got to pull into the school setting. Businesses, foundations around the country, theywant to fund more CareerConnect programs -- because it’s in their interest. They want goodemployees. They’re looking for folks with skills.When you can say, hey, the math that I’m doing here could change the way the businessoperates; or, I see how this biologyexperiment could help develop a drug that cures a disease -- that’s a door opening in your imagination. It’s also good for our economy. It’s good for ourbusinesses. That’s a new career path you’re thinking about that allows you to pursue highereducation in that field, or the very training you need to get a good job, or create a new businessthat changes the world. That’s good for our economy, it’s good for business, it’s good for you,it’s good for America.As a country, we’ve got to do everything we can to make sure that every single young personhere can have that “aha” moment, that light bulb goes off and suddenly you’re not juststudying because your parents tell you to or your teacher tells you to, you’re studying becauseyou know you’ve got something to offer.And I want to make sure every student in America has a chance to get that moment -- thatrealization that your education can not just unlock your future and take you places you neverimagined, but you’re also going to be l eading this country. That’s the chance that this countrygave to me and Michelle. And that’s the chance I want for every single one of you. Frompreschool for every four-year-old in America, to higher education for everybody who wants togo, every young person deserves a fair shot. And I’m going to keep on doing everything I can tomake sure you get that shot and to keep America a place where you can make it if you try.I’m proud of your principal. I’m proud of your superintendent. I’m proud of everybody who go tinvolved in making sure that you guys were already doing the right thing before you won thisnew grant -- and I know it’s going to be well-spent. Most of all, I’m proud of the students.Thank you very much, everybody. God bless you. (Applause.) Go, Mustangs! All right. (Applause.)。
初中生介绍名人英语演讲稿范文
初中生介绍名人英语演讲稿范文I would like to introduce a famous figure who has made a significant impact through their English speeches - Malala Yousafzai. 我想要介绍一个通过他们的英语演讲产生了显著影响的名人 - 马拉拉·优素福扎.Malala Yousafzai is a Pakistani activist for female education and the youngest Nobel Prize laureate. 马拉拉·优素福扎是一位巴基斯坦女性教育活动家，也是年龄最小的诺贝尔奖获得者.Malala has been advocating for girls' education since a young age and gained international recognition after surviving an assassination attempt by the Taliban in 2012. 马拉拉从小就倡导女孩教育，并在2012年遭到塔利班的刺杀未遂后获得国际认可.Her speeches have inspired many around the world to stand up for education and gender equality, and she continues to be a voice for those who are denied their fundamental rights. 她的演讲激励了全世界许多人站出来支持教育和性别平等，她继续为那些被剥夺基本权利的人发声.Malala's courage and resilience in the face of adversity serve as a powerful example for young people everywhere. 马拉拉在逆境中表现出的勇气和坚韧为世界各地的年轻人树立了强大的榜样.Through her speeches, Malala emphasizes the importance of education in empowering individuals and societies to create positive change. 通过她的演讲, 马拉拉强调了教育在赋予个人和社会创造积极变革的重要性.She highlights the transformative power of education in breaking the cycle of poverty and discrimination, and in fostering peace and understanding among different communities. 她强调了教育在打破贫困和歧视循环以及促进不同社区之间和平与理解的转变力量.Malala's dedication to promoting education for all serves as a reminder that everyone deserves access to quality learning opportunities, regardless of their background or circumstances. 马拉拉致力于推动全民教育的奉献精神提醒着我们: 无论背景或环境如何，每个人都应享有获取优质学习机会的权利.In conclusion, Malala Yousafzai's English speeches have left a lasting impact on the world, inspiring countless individuals to work towards a more inclusive and equitable society. 总之, 马拉拉·优素福扎的英语演讲对世界产生了持久影响, 鼓舞了无数个人为建设更包容和公平的社会而努力.。
赖斯的演讲keynotespeech
赖斯的演讲k eyn o te sp eec h f o rme r U.S.Sec reta ry o f Sta t e Co n dol eezza R ic e a t th e W o rl d Ec ono mi c Fo rum 主旨演讲在世界经济论坛年会提示：人名：Klaus，President of the World Economic ForumPresident Couchepin 瑞士总统Pascal CouchepinBismarck 俾斯麦（政治家，学过历史的都知道吧^^）Hank Paulson 美国财长，曾经的高盛公司一把手Thank you very much. Thank you, Klaus, for that terrific introduction. I’m tempted to ask if you are the conductor and to say that it is a very good thi ng if no one misses any notes, the piano or the orchestra.I want to applaud you for everything that you’ve done to put this World Economic Forum together and to make it a place where people come to share ideas, and ideas that can indeed lead to a better world. It is a wonderful gat hering of civil society, of business, of great leaders from around the world. An d also, I note that you’ve also gone out of your way to include young peopl e, and I thank you very much for your effort.Let me thank also President Couchepin for the work that the government and people of Switzerland have done in generously welcoming us to this beau tiful country.President Karzai, Dr. Pachauri: Thank you very much for your wonderful workand I’m really just delighted to share the dais with you tonight.Distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen:It is an honor to join you here, and as Klaus has said, I have tried to get here several times before. I was determined to make it as Secretary of State a nd I guess I can say better late than never, Klaus. I spoke at the Forum by vid eo in 2006, and I had the pleasure last year of receiving a group of Young Gl obal Leaders at a first-ever U.S. Policy Summit. And so I understand that some of them are here today. It’s a wonderful legacy that you’re leaving, Klaus, i n bringing these young people in.I was thinking about what I was going to say tonight, and I’ve been watch ing the news and I’ve been looking at the images on television and I’ve refl ected on the events of the day. And of course, what comes front and center f or all of us is the turbulence –political and economic –in our world:The violence in Kenya. The tragic assassination of Mrs. Benazir Bhutto in Pakis tan. The ongoing and at times halting efforts of Iraqis and Afghans to build p eaceful, functioning governments. The looming danger of climate change. The forecasts of market woes and economic troubles. Even a growing concern abo ut globalization itself –a sense that increasingly it is something that is happe ning to us, not controlled by us.As I took a look at all of this, I decided to do something risky: I want to talk about the importance of ideals and I want to talk about the need for optimis m in their power.Now, I know that whenever Americans start talking about idealism and optimi sm, international audiences groan. Perhaps there is a little concern that you’r e going to hear a long, moralizing lecture. Well, I promise not to do that.And another common concern when Americans talk of idealism and optimism is, “Well, there they go again,”the innocents abroad. Indeed, there is a long international tradition of viewing America as kind of young and naïve.Well, in our defense, I would just say we’re not that young.And if you are tempted to think that we are naïve, then you should hope that Bismarck was right when he said, “God has a special providence for fools, dr unks, and the United States of America.”Seriously though, I recognize that there is a climate of anxiety in our world to day. And it is tempting for many people to turn inward, to secure what they have, and to shut others out. Some want to go it alone. And there is certainly cynicism about the salience of our ideals when it seems that it’s just hard enough to protect our interests.I know that many are worried by the recent fluctuations in U.S. financial mark ets, and by concerns about the U.S. economy. President Bush has announced a n outline of a meaningful fiscal growth package that will boost consumer spe nding and support business investment this year. My colleague, Hank Paulson, who had hoped to be with you, is leading our Administration’s efforts and working closely with the leaders of both parties in Congress to agree on a sti mulus package that is swift, robust, broad-based, and temporary.The U.S. economy is resilient, its structure is sound, and its long-term econom ic fundamentals are healthy. The United States continues to welcome foreign i nvestment and free trade. And the economy, our economy, will remain a leadi ng engine of global economic growth. So we should have confidence in the u nderlying strength of the global economy –and act with confidence on the ba sis of principles that lead to success in this world.And on that note, I would submit to you this evening that there is not one ch allenge in the world today that will get better if we approach it without confi dence in the appeal and effectiveness of our ideals –political and economic fr eedom, open markets and free trade, human dignity and human rights, equal opportunity and the rule of law. Without these principles, backed by all formsof national power, we may be able to manage global problems for awhile, bu t we will not lay a foundation to solve them.This is the core of America’s approach to the world. We do not accept a firm distinction between our national interests and our universal ideals, and we se ek to marry our power and our principles together to achieve great and endur ing progress. This American approach to the world did not begin with Preside nt Bush. Indeed, it is as old as America itself. I have referred to this tradition as American Realism.It was American Realism that enabled the United States to come into being in the first place. It was American Realism that led us to rally our allies to build a balance of power that favored freedom in the last century. And in this cent ury, it is this American Realism that shapes our global leadership in three criti cal areas that I’d like to talk about tonight: the promotion of a just economic model of development; the promotion of a freer, more democratic world; and the role of diplomacy in overcoming differences between nations.First, let us take development. Amidst the extraordinary opportunities of the global economy, which we will talk about here, the amount of deprivation in our world still remains unacceptable. Halfof our fellow human beings live on less than $2 a day. That’s simply not acceptable in a civilized world. But as we approach the cha llenges of development, let us remember that we know what work s: We know that when states embrace free markets and free trade, govern justly and invest in their people, they can create prosperit y and then translate it into social justice for all their citizens.Yes, some states are growing economically through a kind of “aut horitarian capitalism.”But it is at least an open question whether it is sustainable for a government to respect people’s talents but not their rights. In the long run, democracy, development, and soci al justice must go hand in hand.We must treat developing nations not as objects of our policy, but as equal partners in a shared endeavor of dignity. We must supp ort leaders and citizens in developing nations who are transformin g the character of their countries –through good governance and economic reform, investment in health and education, the rule of l aw and a fight against corruption. And we must transform our for eign assistance into an incentive for developing nations to embrac e political and economic liberty, to build just and effective states a nd to take ownership of their own development.In recent years, the United States has been trying to put these pri nciples into practice in our core development policies. Indeed, und er President Bush, and with the full support of our Congress, the United States has launched the largest international development e ffort since the Marshall Plan.We have met or are clearly on course to meet all of our internatio nal commitments to increase official development assistance: Since 2001, we have doubled our assistance to Latin America, we’ve qu adrupled it for Africa, and we’ve tripled it worldwide, all while ref orming it to better support responsible policies of developing state s.We have put $7.5 billion into our Millennium Challenge Account in itiative, which is rooted in the ideals of the Monterrey Consensus. We have also launched historic efforts to combat malaria and HIV/ AIDS. In fact, President Bush’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief is t he largest effort ever by one nation to combat a single disease.But more and better aid has to be accompanied by the global exp ansion of free and fair trade. It isn’t easy –I will tell you, it is no t easy -- for the American president to advocate free and fair trade at a time of growing economic populism. Yet President Bush rem ains committed to completing a successful Doha Round, and my c olleague Susan Schwab, who is here tonight in Davos, is working h ard to do just that.The President has pledged that the United States will eliminate all tariffs, subsidies, and barriers to free flow of goods and services –including agriculture –as other nations do the same. We expect o ur partners to join us in finding a way to make Doha a success.If we are to continue expanding global economic growth, we also need to find a new approach to energy and the environment. If w e proceed on our current course, we have an unacceptable choice: Either sacrifice global economic growth for the health of our plane t –or sacrifice the health of our planet for fossil fuel-led growth. We cannot do that. We have to reject this course –and work inste ad to cut the Gordian Knot of fossil fuels, carbon emissions, and e conomic activity.I want to assure you that we Americans realize how central a solut ion to climate change is to the future health and success of the in ternational system. And we will be tireless in helping to lead the search for that solution: through the UN Framework Convention an d through the Major Economies Meetings that President Bush prop osed, the first of which we hosted this past September.As we work for a more just economic order, we must also work to promote a freer and more democratic world –a world that will o ne day include a democratic Cuba, a democratic Burma, and a fully democratic Middle East.Now, this emphasis on democracy in the Middle East is controversi al, I admit, and some would say, “Well, we’ve actually made the situation worse.”I would ask: Worse compared to what?Worse than when the Syrian army occupied Lebanon for nearly 30 years? Worse than when the Palestinian people could not hold thei r leaders accountable, and watched as a chance for peace was squ andered and evaporated into the second intifada?Worse than the tyranny of Saddam Hussein at the heart of the Mi ddle East, who terrified his neighbors and whose legacy is the bodies of 300,000 innocent people that he left in unmarked mass grav es?Or worse perhaps than the false stability which masked a freedom gap, spawned hopelessness, and fed hatreds so deep that 19 men found cause to fly airplanes into American cities on a fine Septe mber morning?No, ladies and gentlemen, the past order in the Middle East is not hing to extol, but it does not make the challenges of the present l ess difficult. Even when you cherish democratic ideals, it is never e asy to turn them into effective democratic institutions. This proces s will take decades, and it will be driven, as it should be, and as it only can be, by courageous leaders and citizens in the region.Different nations will find ways to express democratic values that r eflect their own cultures and their own ways of life. And yet the b asics are universal and we know them –that men and women hav e the right to choose those who will govern them, to speak their minds, to worship freely, and to find protection from the arbitrary power of the state.The main problem for democracy in the Middle East has not been that people are not ready for it. The problem is that there are viol ent forces of reaction that cannot be allowed to triumph.The problem is that too many Lebanese journalists and parliament arians are being assassinated in a campaign of intimidation, and th at the Lebanese have not been permitted to elect their president f reely.The problem is that too many peaceful human rights activists, and journalists, and bloggers are sitting in prison for actions that sho uld not be considered crimes in any country.The problem is not that a group like Hamas won one free electio n; it is that the leaders of Hamas still refuse to make the fundame ntal choice that is required for any democracy to function: You can be a political party, or you can be a terrorist group, you cannot b e both.We should be under no illusions that the challenges in the Middle East will get any better if we approach them in a less principled f ashion. In fact, the only truly effective solutions to many of thesechallenges will emerge not in spite of democracy, but because of i t.Democracy is the most realistic way for diverse peoples to resolve their differences, and share power, and heal social divisions withou t violence or repression.Democracy is the most likely way to ensure that women have an e qual place in society and an equal right to make the basic choices that define their lives.And democracy is the most realistic path to lasting peace among n ations. In the short run, there will surely be struggles and setback s. There will be stumble and even falls. But delaying the start of t he democratic enterprise will only mask tensions and breed frustra tions that will not be suppressed forever.Now this brings us, finally, to the matter of diplomacy. Do optimis m and idealism play a role in this endeavor, which is by its very n ature the art of the possible? Is it as Lord Palmerston said –that “nations have no permanent enemies and no permanent allies, onl y permanent interests?”Well, I can assure you that America has no permanent enemies, be cause we harbor no permanent hatreds. The United States is somet imes thought of as a nation that perhaps does not dwell enough on its own history. To that, I say: Good for us. Because too much focus on history can become a prison for nations.Diplomacy, if properly practiced, is not just talking for the sake of talking. It requires incentives and disincentives to make the choice clear to those with whom you are dealing that you will change yo ur behavior if they are willing to change theirs. Diplomacy can ma ke possible a world in which old enemies can become, if not frien ds, then no longer adversaries.Consider the case of Libya. Just a few years ago, the United States and Libya were locked in a state of hostility. But as Libya has cho sen to reject terrorism, to renounce its pursuit of weapons of mass destruction, and to rejoin the international community, the United States has reached out, and today, though we still have our differ ences, we have nothing to fear from one another.The United States is building a similarly positive relationship withVietnam, which would have been unthinkable 30 years ago –and of course with China, we have built a productive relationship that redounds to the benefits of both our peoples.But perhaps nowhere is it clearer that we have no permanent ene mies than in our relationship with Russia. Ladies and gentlemen, t he recent talk about a new Cold War is hyperbolic nonsense. Our r elations today are fundamentally different than they were when all we shared was the desire to avoid mutual annihilation.The fact is that the United States and Russia are working construct ively today on many issues of mutual interest –from counter-prolif eration, to counter-terrorism, to the pursuit of peace in the Middle East. And we are determined to remember this, even when we he ar unwise and irresponsible rhetoric from Russia itself that harkens back to an earlier time.To be sure, there have been disappointments. Though we recogniz e that Russians today enjoy considerable personal and economic fr eedom, we believe that Russia’s greatness will ultimately be secur ed best through greater political freedom for its people –and thro ugh the establishment of strong institutions that check the powerof the state, rather than serve the interests of a few.We also believe that Russia should contribute to a transparent and open global energy economy, not a monopolistic one. But whatev er the difficulties, no one can imagine a world in which the absenc e of U.S.-Russian cooperation will make any of our challenges easi er to solve.It is because America desires no permanent enemies that we can i magine a better relationship with North Korea, and we are workin g to build it through the Six Party Talks. North Korea is disabling its Yongbyon nuclear facility, but there are other obligations that h ave yet to be met and must be, including the provision of a comp lete and accurate declaration of all nuclear programs and activities.Still, we continue to believe that we can use the Six Party Talks fo r even larger purposes: to finally end the conflict on the Korean P eninsula; to forge a mechanism for security cooperation in Northea st Asia; to make peninsular issues a source of regional cooperatio n, not conflict; and to improve relations between North Korea and the international community, which would benefit no one more th an the North Korean people themselves.Let me assure you that the United States also has no desire to hav e a permanent enemy in Iran, even after 29 years of difficult histo ry. Iranians are a proud people with a great culture, and we respec t the contributions that they have made to world civilization. We h ave no conflict with Iran’s people, but we have real differences wi th Iran’s government –from its support for terrorism, to its desta bilizing policies in Iraq, to its pursuit of technologies that could le ad to a nuclear weapon.With our agreement yesterday to pass a third Chapter 7 sanctions resolution, the permanent members of the Security Council plus Ge rmany showed that we remain united, that we do not want Iran to become a nuclear weapons power, and that we will continue to h old Iran to its international obligations.Ultimately, though, this problem can and should be resolved throu gh diplomacy. Should Iran suspend its uranium enrichment and rep rocessing activities –which is an international demand, not an Am erican one –we could begin negotiations, and we could work over time to build a new, more normal relationship –one defined not by fear and mistrust, but growing cooperation, expanding trade and exchange, and the peaceful management of our differences.Our confidence that there are no permanent enemies also gives us hope that two states, Israel and Palestine, will one day live side b y side in peace and security. The Annapolis process will support th e bilateral efforts of Prime Minister Olmert and President Abbas to end the conflict between their peoples. But we must not lose sigh t of what that peace will really mean.Peace will mean that Palestinians will never again suffer the humili ations of occupation and wasted hours spent in checkpoints –and will instead be free to work and prosper in a state of their own. P eace will mean that Israelis who have so justly and proudly defend ed the Jewish state for the past 60 years will finally see their right to exist affirmed and accepted by their neighbors. And peace will mean that the hatreds borne of this now 60 year-old conflict will pass away with this current generation, not be passed on to infect new ones.All conflicts must end, and nations need not have permanent ene mies. But Lord Palmerston was wrong on the other part of his quo te –that nations have no permanent allies. The United States haspermanent allies: They are the allies with whom we share values –allies like Japan, and South Korea, and Australia, the allies we have in our own hemisphere, and of course, the allies we have across t his continent –within NATO and the European Union.Let me speak for a moment about this extraordinary alliance called the transatlantic alliance. The United States expects a lot of our al lies. And our allies expect a lot of us. And the alliance has endure d recent frictions, but it has never fractured. And the transatlantic alliance is defined today not by the differences between us, but by the work we do together to support the global success of our sh ared ideas –most importantly in Afghanistan.I recognize that this is not easy work. We have all struggled to m aster the challenge of counterinsurgency–of marrying our civilian r econstruction and development efforts with our military operation s. NATO is not performing perfectly. Neither is America. And our p ublics need to be told honestly that we are engaged in a real war in Afghanistan, that there will be sacrifices, that this is not just a peacekeeping operation, and that the stakes could not be higher f or the Afghan people, for our alliance, and for international securit y.But for all of the challenges NATO is facing, let us remember how far we have come. I remember when NATO saw the world in two parts: There was Europe, and then there was “out of area”–whi ch was pretty much everything else. So who could have imagined seven years ago that our alliance today would be training troops i n Iraq, providing air lift in Darfur, and rooting out terrorists in pla ces like Kandahar? These are increasingly the challenges of the 21s t century, and I am optimistic that NATO will meet them, just as it met the challenges of last century.It is true, ladies and gentlemen, that optimism and confidence in o ur ideals are perhaps a part of the American character, and I admi t that this can make us a somewhat impatient nation. Though we realize that our ideals and our interests may be in tension in the s hort term, and that they are surely tested by the complexities of t he real world, we know that they tend to be in harmony when we take the long view.Like any nation, we have made mistakes throughout our history, a nd we are going to make them again. But our confidence in our p rinciples, and our impatience with the pace of change, is also a source of our greatest successes –and this will ensure that the Unite d States remains a strong, confident, and capable global leader in the 21st century.Yes, our ideals and our optimism make Americans impatient, but o ur history, our experience, should make us patient at the same tim e. We, of all people, realize how long and difficult the path of de mocracy really is. After all, when our Founding Fathers said “We t he People,”they did not mean me. It took the Great Emancipator, Abraham Lincoln, to overcome the compromise in our Constitution that made the founding of the United States of America possible, but that made my ancestors three-fifths of a man.So we Americans have no reason for false pride and every reason for humility. And we believe that human imperfection makes demo cracy more important, and all who are striving for it more deservi ng of patience and support. History provides so many affirming ex amples of this.After all, who would have thought that Japan would be a pillar of democratic stability in Asia? Once, that seemed impossible. Now, i t seems inevitable.Who would have thought that Germany and France would never g o to war again and would instead join in union? Once, that too se emed impossible. Now, it too seems inevitable.And who would have thought that NATO and the European Union would erase old divisions of East and West, that they would unite democratic nations across Europe, and that the Alliance would hold its 2006 Summit in Latvia? Once, that seemed impossible. Now, it too seems inevitable.And even today, from time to time, we catch the occasional glimp se of what a better world could look like. I have seen it while sitti ng in a provincial council in Kirkuk, and watching as Iraqis search in peace for ways to resolve their differences. I have seen it when I watched the Saudi Foreign Minster applaud the Israeli Prime Mini ster’s speech about a new opportunity for peace.And I have seen what a better future could look like when, impro bably, I have watched the American president stand with elected le aders under the flags of a democratic Iraq, a democratic Afghanist an, and the democratic future state of Palestine.That ultimately is the role of confidence in the eventual triumph o f our ideals: to face the world everyday as it is, but to know that it does not have to be that way –and to keep in sight the better, not perfect, but better world that it can be.Thank you very much.4楼。
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・Pharmaceutical Validation Support ・FDA up Date Information ・USA Pharmaceutical Trend
Uhlmann (Germany) Bio Engineering（Swiss）
・Bio-Reactor ・PTP Blister Machine
Laser Cutting System
Introduction of SILAS Products
SHIBUYA KOGYO CO., LTD.
Outline of Shibuya
SBY Group
Founded Capital Turnover Employee
: 1931 : US$ 110 MM : US$ 500 MM : 2,000 (SBY group)
Swage Piercing 40 minutes 30 minutes
Cutting 62 minutes
Cutting Speed F3.7
Carbon Tool Steel Thickness 2.3mm Cutting Length 232mm
35mm
Ultraprecision Laser Cutting Machine SILAS-SAM
Lanfranchi （Italy）
・Unscrambler
Variety of SILAS Products
Laser Cutting System Linear Drive
Linear Drive
Linear Drive
SAM Linear
FALCON-S Linear
L6
SAM
FALCON-S Musashi HP-E
Kanazawa, Japan Head Office/Plant
Shibuya has offices in :
Elkwood,VA Madison Heights,VA
Shibuya Group Division
SHIBUYA
Semiconductor equipment Bottling systems
Silicon Steel : 0.3mm(Thickness) Cutting Speed : 300mm/min.
Cutting Accuracy : +/- 0.03mm
SHIBUYA KOGYO CO., LTD
Ultraprecision Laser Cutting Machine SILAS-SAM
SHIBUYA KOGYO CO., LTD
Ultraprecision Laser Cutting Machine SILAS-SAM
■ Unique Feature of SILAS-SAM
Replenishment of laser gas is not required.
No maintenance is required on the laser resonator for approx.2000 hrs. (indication). Microfabrication and high precision cutting by laser spot in less than dia.0.1mm. Running cost per hour is below 300 yen ( Indication ).
Bottling & Packaging
Packing systems
Mechatronics
Medical equipment
Pharmaceutical Pharmaceutical systems systems
Plant engineering
Laser applications
Global Partners
Feature of Laser Resonator
Conventional Continuous Laser Wave
SILAS-SAM
Narrow cutting width, Less heat affection by pulse cutting 0 ＜ Pulse Repetition ＜ 100 kHz ( 100,000 cycles/sec. )
SPL２３０５ SPL３９０５
SHIBUYA KOGYO CO., LTD
Ultraprecision Laser Cutting Machine SILAS-SAM
Feature of Laser Resonator
3D Profile of Laser Beam by 500W Laser Resonator
Wire Electrical Discharge ( Running Cost ¥700/hour )
Processing Cost ¥72.3
35mm
Carbon Tool Steel Thickness 2.3mm Cutting Length 232mm
Ultraprecision Laser Cutting Machine SILASSAM
DIAMOND K150 LIFETEST DATA
Output Transition of 150W Laser Resonator
Average Output (W)
Oscillating Time (Hour )
Achieved NO MAINTENANCE WORK for 20,000 hours ( * Not guaranteed value ).
Processing Cost ¥4.3 Wire Electrical Discharge :
10 layer plates are cut simultaneously.
SILAS-SAM :
10 plates are cut serially SHIBUYA KOGYO CO., LTD
10 plates are cut serially SHIBUYA KOGYO CO.,aser Cutting Machine SILAS-SAM
Comparison of Cutting Example < Conventional Method > Wire Electrical Discharge
Brass
Quartz Glass
Plastic
Bakelite
Phosphor Bronze ABS FRP
Others
Carbon Mica Tortoiseshell Alumina Ceramic
Silicon Polyimide
SHIBUYA KOGYO CO., LTD
Ultraprecision Laser Cutting Machine SILAS-SAM
SHIBUYA KOGYO CO., LTD
Ultraprecision Laser Cutting Machine SILAS-SAM
Low Running Cost Comparison of Running Cost
Conventional Ratio = 1/3
Conventional CO2 Laser ( 550W )
Ultraprecision
Die Board Cutting
Thick Plate
Water-Jet Cutting Machine
* For Nonferrous Metal and NonMetal Materials Oxy-Hydrogen Gas Cutting Machine
* For cutting of rolled steel
Comparison of Cutting Example < Conventional Method > Wire Electrical Discharge
Wire Electrical Discharge ( Wire Dia. 0.2mm ) Total Process Time : 132 minutes
Cutting 8 minutes and 20 seconds
Total Processing Time : 8 minutes and 20 seconds
Wire Electrical Discharge :
10 layer plates are cut simultaneously.
SILAS-SAM :
Usable for easy-melting materials such as rubber and plastic.
■ On top of features of SPL2305
High precision and high productivity are achieved by the linear drive cutting head and table ( SPL3905 ).
Since the oscillating tube is pre-filled with laser gas and sealed off, replenishment of gas is not required. Besides, replacement of the inner mirror and electrode is also not required.
Oscillation in single mode which is most suitable for laser cutting Quality Value of Beam Mode Ｍ２＜1.3
SHIBUYA KOGYO CO., LTD
Ultraprecision Laser Cutting Machine SILAS-SAM