Intro
托福听力场景词汇 新2
CONVERSATION1.课程相关事务场景intro / basic course introductoryintermediate (level) course higher coursesign up for …registerget enrolled in♦Discussion讨论n, presentation个人陈述n, topic话题，主题n, lecture演讲（n.）good choice好的选择, slide幻灯片n, library图书馆n, collection收集n, check支票n, librarian 图书馆管理员n Report报告n, office hour 教授答疑♦时间, submit 上交v, on disk在磁盘上, hard copy硬皮书, soft copy软皮书, computer电脑n, print打印v, computer lab电脑实验室♦Project工程，计划n, tons of很多（a ton of ,tons of), cover 覆盖, re-write重写v, research data研究数据, information 信息n, input投入n,输入v, presentation个人陈述n, complete完整的adj, 完成vt semester seminar♦Term paper学期报告, grade分数，成绩n, complicated复杂的adj, terrible mistake严重的（糟糕的）错误, edited version编辑过的版本, submit上交n, overtired过度劳累adj, stressed有压力的adj, rushing（急急忙忙的）against the clock争分夺秒, mark标记，分数n, draft起草vt，草图n, print打印vt（printer打印机n）, final paper期末论文, maintaining average保持平均水平, application申请n, drop 扔掉, re-take重上, due到期的adj, extension延期n, discuss 讨论vt, check back查阅记录, re-reading评价, submission 上交n♦Information信息n, exam schedule考试规划表, term术语，学期n, date日期, book预定vt，书n,♦apartment公寓department部门，院系; appointment 预约♦departure离开depart 离开, invigilator监考人n,♦sign up for a course选择选修课程♦（required必须的/compulsory 被强制的course必修课）（selective/elective/optional course选修课）（register注册）, sheet纸张=paper（a sheet of 张，表量词）,♦bulletin board公告栏, faculty lounge教师休息室, square正方形，广场n, draft起草，草图, dean系主任=department chair(person), review评估, draw up起草=draft=first version,♦Manual手工（manufacture制造)，consult咨询, register 注册Physiology 生理学100, sophomore大学二年级生, second year course第二年课程, first year student新生, transfer转变, begin my first lecture开始我的第一堂课, introduce介绍，引进, complete完整的，完成, approach方法n，接近vt, laws of physics and chemistry法律的物理和化学, process of life生命的过程, vital force机体，生命力, philosophical approach哲学方法,scientific experimentation科学实验♦Final exam期末考试, midterm期中, multiple choice question多项选择的问题, essay question, comprehensive exam综合考试, the subject主题，科目, review评估, textbook教科书, class note课堂笔记, the final will count for 占比例50% of your grade最后的是你50%的成绩, research project研究项目, run into problems遇到问题♦School bulletin学校公告, required writing course必修的写作课程, first year student新生, third year student大三学生, research paper研究论文, sign up选择选修课, cover the entire process of writing a research paper写包含整个过程的研究性论文, selecting topic选择话题, final format最后的格式, presentation个人陈述, hand in上交, assignment作业，任务, final grade期末成绩♦Class meeting班会, lecture演讲, different concept不同的观点, hand in上交, issue事件, revision 修订, grade成绩，分数♦Research paper研究论文, due到期, proposed topics被推荐的主题, make comment发表评论, the most frequent problem最常见的问题, broad board aboard abroad preliminary outline初步概括, schedule规划表, available空闲的，可利用的, appointment约定, final outline最后描述, no more than two pages long不超过两页长, statement中心思想句，论文观点, precise statem thesis ent明确的观点, conclusion结论♦Workshop研讨会, intensive加强的，集中的, techniques and skills技术和技巧, personal attention个人看法, register注册, advantage优势♦Consecutive连贯的, community center社区活动中心, seminar研讨会, workshop研讨会, beginning students新生,advanced students高年级学生，研究生, last four weeks最后四个星期, credit is awarded学分已获得, information信息♦Discuss讨论, schedule规划表, midterm期中, administer管理, attendance出席，出席人数, optional class选修课♦intro=introductory course / basic course♦intermediate course♦higher coursesigh up for / register / get enrolled 注册（课程）drop the course 弃课prerequisite 先决条件2.相关事务+专业讨论场景♦Course课程, semester学期, summer session暑假班, elective 选修的, bird course大学易学课程, splendor 壮丽，lecture hall演讲会堂, lab实验室, tough decision艰难的决定, pick 选择, choose选择, grade成绩，学分, relaxed放松的, paper 论文, final exam期末考试, advice建议，忠告, sign up选择选修课Enquiry 询问，credit course学分制课程, off-campus在校园外, program程序，计划, remote远程, access进入，接近, internet 因特网，degree程度，学位, distance education远程教育, diploma毕业证书，学位证书, requirement必要条件,format格式，板式, print materials打印材料, audio-tapes 录音带, video录像, teleconferencing电话会议的, deliver发表, cost花费, fixed date指定日期, history 历史490♦Drop扔掉, fail失败, math 101数学101, rough粗糙的, test测试, med school 医学院♦Use your advice用你的建议, do premed做医学预科生, introductory course基础入门课程, non-science major非科学专业, be weak in不擅长, do poorly in成绩不好, meet at the same time同一时间, modern drama course现代话剧课♦Semester学期, enroll in选课, graduate course研究生课程, qualified合格的, hard time keep up, favorite interest最喜欢的兴趣, challenging挑战的, easy grade♦Permission to register允许注册, take the prerequisite前提条件, the beginning course第一次课, catalog 目录，instructor指导者, previous experience以前的经历, formal training正式的培训, decision决定♦Signature签名, schedule card计划表卡片, advisor’s approval导师的批准, quite a heavy load相当重负载, drop the course放弃课程, seminar讨论会♦Sign up for a noncredit course选择无学分的课程, intermediate level中间水平, grade成绩，学分, regular meeting定期的会♦Transfer转变, bachelor’s degree学士学位, associate同事, selective选修的, letters of recommendation推荐信♦Hard course难的课程, rehearsal排演, extra time额外时间, once a week每星期一次♦Flight program飞行计划, degree学位, license执照, excellent reputation极好的名声, selective选修的3.迟到旷课场景♦feel good感觉舒服, cover覆盖，包含, lecture演讲, point out指出, chapter章，回, textbook教科书, part角色, divide分开, project项目, focus专注, due到期的, show up露面, note 笔记, transcribe抄写, email电子邮件♦Oversleep睡过头, talk about谈论♦trouble with my car我的汽车有问题, lecture series系列讲座, attend参加, admission承认，入场卷♦fill me in something做某事充实自己, dentist牙科医生, emergency紧急情况, missed somebody’s lecture错过某人的演讲, note笔记, make sense有意义4.转学场景♦Public university公立大学, private university私立大学, community college社区学院/社区大学, reputation名声, class size大小班级, personal attention个人看法, individual attention个人看法, interact互相影响, group discussion小组讨论, tuition学费, expense花费, cost费用, afford买得起, affordable负担得起的, location地点, environment环境, large city大城市, small town小城镇, college town大学城, top student尖子生, application申请, experience经验, special特别的♦5.实验室场景♦Laboratory实验室, research procedure调查步骤, lab assistant实验室助理, retrieve information检索信息, track the course跟踪过程, monitor监视器, track the progress跟着进展♦Lab instructor实验室指导员, lab experience实验室经历, setup设置，机构, equipment设备, result结果, grade成绩，分数, lab notebook实验手册, proper precautions适当防御措施, protective goggles防护眼镜, toxic effect of chemicals 化学品的毒性作用, lab procedure实验步骤, heavy metal重金属♦Workbook工作手册, material原材料, experiment实验available空闲的，可利用的6.图书馆场景♦Library图书馆, check out借书, spread 展开, focus专注, jam拥挤spot地点，弄脏的，现场的, crowd一群，群众, comfy舒服的, confirm确认, far away遥远的♦Due到期时间, finish完成,renew更新，续借, check支票, library card图书证, late迟的, mixed up混淆不清的, request / require请求, pay the fine罚金, overdue过期的, pay支付, process过程, sign符号，签署, suspend中止, recall♦extended borrowing privilege syllabus 课程大纲♦loan period借贷期间senior thesis 毕业论文♦faculty 全体教员stuff staff♦Librarian图书管理员, facilities设备(正式的）, reference room参考书资料室, reference material参考资料, dictionary 字典, bibliography参考书目, literature guide文学引导, telephone book电话号码簿, periodical room, newspaper, magazine, academic journal, current issue近期杂刊, older issue旧的杂刊, catalog图书目录, listed by title列标题, by author and by topic通过作者和主题, call number呼叫号码，图书编目号码♦Return返还, shelves书架, check out借书, reserve a book存库书, overnight use一夜之间使用♦secondhand bookstore二手书店, inscription题词, front cover封面, signature签名，署名, poetry book诗集♦paperback section 平装部分, index 检索，索引♦exit gate出口大门, check out借书♦put a book on reserve♦Reserve预定, additional copy附加的副本, article文章♦abstract 摘要，文摘electronic 电子的format 形式♦get access to 进入database数据库7.课堂内容讨论场景♦Scholarship奖学金, bursary奖学金，财务办公室, department部门，院系, information信息, financial aid经济援助, monetary货币的，财政的, grant授予, determine决定, committee委员会, donor捐赠者, apply for申请, financially 财政上, in need在危难中, consider考虑, out-of-town位于室外的, requirement要求，必要条件, website 网站，on-line 在线上, submit上交, official官方的, document文件, in person亲自♦scholarship奖学金, available空闲的，可利用的, maintain 维持，保持, average平均数, mark标志, apply for申请, applicant申请人, committee委员会, honor荣誉，信用, award奖品，授予, exam考试, candidate候选人, weight体重, guarantee保证, grade point average (GPA)年纪平均成绩, percent百分比, website网站，address地址，演讲,♦rigorous严厉的, extra-curricular课外的, hardship困苦的, achievement成就, letter of recommendation推荐信, fill满足, time consuming job耗费时间的工作, recommend推荐, eligibility适任，合格, enrollment登记8.论文场景♦Organize组织起来, essay散文, topic主题, chosen,挑选出来broad宽阔的, narrow it down缩小, compare比较, focused聚集, interested感兴趣的, begin开始, discussion讨论, opinion意见, fact事实, support支持, idea想法, check支票,statistics统计, percentage百分比, include包含, words话，字, rough draft草稿，底子, outline概要, break down分解, subtopic 副主题，office hour教授答疑时间, reference参考，参照, material原材料♦Research paper研究论文, discuss讨论, topic主题, recommend推荐，介绍, theory理论, work progress工作过程♦Report报道, subject主题，科目, catalog目录，published source出版来源, gather material聚集材料♦Information信息, plagiarize剽窃，抄袭, failing grade♦不及格, gather聚集，收集, note笔记, assimilate the information thoroughly彻底的吸收信息, paraphrase释义，改述, capture the main idea找到主要观点, quote directly直接引用, finalize the research paper完成研究论文♦Draft起草，草图, pass it out in our classes通过它在我们的课程, clear up the problem消除问题9.实地考查场景♦List清单, supply供给, on site现场, kit工具箱，装备, notebook笔记本, axe斧, glove手套, instrument仪器，工具, measure测量, clean打扫, cancel取消, weather天气, clothes 衣服, outside户外, food食物, snack零食, transportation运输, transport运输, dig挖♦Trip leader旅行领队, participate参与, report报告, field 野外旅游trip field work 实地工作♦10.体育运动场景♦Spring cycling season春天骑自行车的季节, regular hobby 定期的业余爱好, physical fitness routine常规, bicyclist骑脚踏车者, expert riders熟练地骑手♦Endurance test耐力测试, recreational cyclists娱乐的骑自行车的人, racers比赛者♦Ski patrol滑雪巡逻, ski patroller 滑雪巡逻人,safety安全♦Physical education class体育课, rock climbing攀岩运动, rope绳, belt带，腰带, buckle皮带扣, safety equipment安全设备, climbing trip攀登旅行11.游玩场景♦Break休息, racket 球拍, reserve a court预定球场♦Rock concert摇滚音乐会, vacation , weather天气12.打工场景♦Summer break暑假, work工作, job职业, offer提议, excellent opportunity极好的机会, practice实习, wonderful 奇妙的, di lemma困境, difficult decision不同的决定, plan计划, volunteer志愿者, NGO非政府组织，chance机会, share 分享, interesting有趣的, spend预算，花费, accept接受program程序, interview接见，采访, company公司，陪伴, application申请, apply for申请, money钱, advice建议，忠告tough艰苦的, exam考试, stressed有压力的, dread恐惧的, cram the night上考场, part-time兼职的, money钱, board 板balance平衡, hit the book用功学习，准备功课, energy能量, tired疲倦, sleep睡觉, consolation安慰get through通过，达到, fun有趣, fondness爱好，溺爱♦Announcement 宣布, hire雇佣, part-time assistant兼职助手, experience经验, research研究, daily日报♦Laboratory assistant实验室助理, fill out an application填写申请, fit into my schedule符合计划表fill in / fill out / fill up空缺职位：opening ; open spot ; vacancy; vacant position ♦Variety of job opportunities各式各样的工作机会, responsible for为...负责, volunteer志愿者, service服务, positions are open位置是开放的, link of service服务链接, career training职业培训, program available可获得的项目, demand physical endurance需求身体耐力, receive no salary 没有得到薪水white collar wage 周薪pay for livingexpense支付生活开支, housing and food allowance住房供给和伙食补助, additional information额外的信息job fair wage♦Internship program实习计划,♦intern 实习生♦advanced planning先进的规划, career opportunities就业机会, working experience工作经验, short term experience短期经验, permanent employment 永久雇佣, full-time全职的, academic credit学术信誉, supervise监督管理, hand out分发career advisory service职业咨询服务, living expense生活开支Run跑,经营；marathon马拉松赛跑, motivator动力, back into shape恢复到位, inspire激发, running buddies跑步伙伴, positive积极地, sponsor赞助者, tons of money很多钱, cause 原因paycheck payroll 工资单bank account 银行账户deposit 存款withdraw 取钱cashiercash back♦Introduce介绍, campus daily校园日报, volunteer志愿者, salary薪水, ceremony典礼，仪式flexible hour peel resume C.V. career fair 招聘会business representative 公司代表recruit 招聘升职advancementtailor-made recommend recommendation研讨会workshop13.报到注册场景⏹Registration,登记，注册号time时间, deteate指定的日期, specific time特殊的时间, admission letter录取通知书, continuing students续读生, average平均的, previous以前的, session学期, pay工资, credit card信用卡, bank银行, teller出纳员, confirmation slip确认单, in person亲自♦Registration登记，注册号, date日期, newly admitted student最近入学生, undergraduate大学生, junior大学三年级学生, sophomore大学二年级学生, returning student返校生, senior毕业班生，较高的，年长的, check支票, pay attention给予更多的关注, time时间, register注册, designated time指定的时间, pay支付, fee费用，小费, financial aid经济援助，助学金, financial officer财政官, sponsor赞助者, authorization letter授权书, on-line在线14.校园生活场景♦Move移动, accent口音, international group国际群体, major主修的, lucky运气, excellent卓越的, booklet小册子, regulation管理, rule规则, conductive传导的, quiet policy和平政策problem, allow容许, smoke, cook, plug插头, dryer烘干机, voltage电压, alarm警报, kitchen厨房, leftover残留物, clean-up day清洁日, hot water, meter米, washroom 盥洗室, laundry facility设备, basement地下室, conserving energy保存能量, lounge area休息区, heat高温，压力, air-conditioning 空调系统, storage area储存区, permit许可证, hallway走廊, community space社区空间, prior notification优先通知, safe 安全, valuable贵重物品, housekeeper女管家, vacuum cleaner吸尘器, lock锁, key钥匙, check支票, fire prevention equipment防火设备, cover覆盖, overnight visitor夜晚的访问者, arrange安排, in advance预先, religious propaganda宗教宣传, dorm宿舍, furnishing供给，装备, park公园，停车场♦Roommate, dormitory宿舍, unpacking our things打开我们的东西, neat 整洁的♦Housing office, living off campus, cost, rent, utilities用具, need a car to commute需要一辆车做通勤, noisy, peace andquiet安静♦Winter break寒假, dean系主任, vacation arrangement假期安排, fill up the forms填表格, heating cost热气费, temporary accommodation临时住处♦Housing director安排住房的负责人, checkout procedure退房的步骤, leave for vacation动身去假期, return your key还钥匙，summer maintenance crew夏天的维修维护人员, residence advisor宿舍监管, pass around分发♦Apartment 公寓dump垃圾场, functional功能的, noisy有噪音的♦15.医院场景♦Diagnose诊断, patient’s illness, painful痛苦的, technological advance技术的提高/发展, blood and tissue sample血液和组织样本, diagnostic techniques诊断技术, detect diseases探查疾病, variations in temperature变更的温度, X rays, side effect副作用, uncomfortable, endure pain忍耐疼痛, health care卫生保健♦Medical clinic and infirmary医学诊所和医务室, nursing staff, get sick, a really bad cold, develop terrible coughs咳嗽, pneumonia肺炎, stay in the infirmary医务室, don’t feel well, rest more and skip a few classes休息太多和遗漏了很多课, get medical excuse得到医学借口, the clinic hour诊所小时, emergency number♦Modern medical facility现代医学设备, health needs, dental clinic牙科诊所, maternity ward产科病房, operating room手术室, special sugery 专门的外科，surgeons外科医生♦Student Health Services, blood pressure血压, university nutritionists,大学营养学家processed foods加工食品, university hospital♦Pain, discharge排放，卸载, slight earache轻微耳朵痛, takeit easyPrevention预防, symptoms症状, cough咳嗽, fever发烧, funny nose, head and bones ache, chill寒冷, flu流感, influenza流行性感冒, overtired过度疲劳, stressed out有压力的, exposure to virus暴露于病毒, sneeze喷嚏, airborne virus 空气传播的病毒, body’s resistance抗体, ward off the flu避开流感, rest, eat well健康首选，吃得营养, drink a lot of water, immune system免疫系统, fight off illness,击退疾病immunized免疫的，vaccine疫苗，牛痘苗, university health center大学健康中心LECTURE1.*生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/ 感染microorganism / microbe微生物virus 病毒defection消毒sterilization灭菌biology生物学marine biology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学parapsychology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur 恐龙die out / extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore 食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine 海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/ 跳水one-celled organism 单细胞有机体tissue（动植物细胞的）组织protective camouflage保护色predator捕猎者preyoceanic snail 蜗牛animal adaptation 动物适应性survival of the fittest适者生存origin of species物种起源wild environment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatal care 产后护理pesticide habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tiny receptor接收器nerve / specimen 物种amphibian两栖类动物decline in the number数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangered species濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast 酵母（菌）bacteria 细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化descendant 后代incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chew up咀嚼unfertilized eggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/ 食物feed 喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestive enzyme消化酶cell细胞cytoplasm细胞质plasma lemma / cell membrane细胞膜cell wall细胞壁protein蛋白质amino acid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity 遗传mutation of species物种变异染色体chromosome genetic engineering遗传工程solitary独居的bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异vary varied动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说natural selection自然选择phylum门class纲order目suborder亚目family科genus 属species 种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquatic life 水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibious animal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasitic animal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物（如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等）herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm 恒温动物cold-blooded animal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类incarnation 化身devour 吞herbal medicine herbal essence伪装hibernate 冬眠；蛰伏regeneration 再生predatorypredator 捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms（昆虫等）群flock（牛、羊等）群community 动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd 兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige 退化器fertilizer使受精单一的：mono-monolog monocycleuni-uniformunilateralsol-solar energysolosolitarydesolatetexture 质地，材质size & shapemyth mythologyreal world versionmetabolism新陈代谢breed（名词）品种；（动词）繁殖multiply / reproduce繁殖spawn（鱼、虾、蛙等）孵anatomy 解剖appetite食欲学appetizer 开胃菜steak 牛排done medium rarecreature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinal cord脊椎digestive system消化系统excretory system排泄系统reproductive system生殖系统circulatory system循环系统respiratory system呼吸系统hormonal system内分泌系统digestive duct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃small intestine 小肠large intestine大肠anus肛门digestive gland消化腺salivary gland 唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak（老鼠等）吱吱otter 水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon 狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马hippopotamus sloth树懒slothful懒惰的frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander 蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen / crocodile鳄鱼centipede 蜈蚣robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp（鸟、虫的叫声）vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork 鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate 迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill（鸟）嘴beak （鹰等的）嘴insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna / tentacle触须larva幼虫2.海洋生物学jellyfish水母nettle fish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid 鱿鱼；乌贼burro / octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼3.*植物学botany植物学botanical / botanic植物学的horticulture 园艺学aquatic plant水生植物parasite plant 寄生植物root根canopy 树冠层/顶棚foliage / leaf叶leaflet小叶rosette（叶的）丛生stem茎stalk杆leafstalk叶柄shoot / sprout嫩芽/抽枝flower 花bud花蕾petal 花瓣peel / skin果皮shell（硬）果壳husk（干）果壳/（玉米）苞叶trunk树干bark树皮branch 树枝bough大或者粗的树枝twig小树枝jungle 丛林lawn草坪meadow草地/牧场prairie 大草原mosses苔藓shrub / bush灌木cluster一簇（灌木）fern蕨类植物horsetails 木贼类植物club mosses 石松类植物herb 草photosynthesis光合作用chlorophyll 叶绿素symbiosis共生symbiotic 共生的wither / shrivel / fade凋谢blossom花pollen花粉pollinate传授花粉petal花瓣nectar花蜜tissue组织organ器官system 系统seeds 种子everlasting永久的crossbreed杂交hybrid 杂种的root pressure根压bore腔/肠cohesion-tension凝聚压力column花柱necrosis坏死barren 贫瘠的；不生育的futile无用的carbohydrate (starch) 碳水化合物（淀粉）glucose葡萄糖starch淀粉fat脂肪protein蛋白质vitamin 维他命malnourished 营养不良的nutrition 营养perennial多年一生的annual一年一生的verdant 绿油油的，嫩绿的，翠绿的evergreen常青树conifer tree 针叶树larch落叶松pine松树spruce云杉juniper 刺柏；杜松sequoia红杉elm榆树walnut核桃树redwood 红木树plum blossom梅花orchid兰花chrysanthemum菊花water lily荷花/莲花rhododendron 杜鹃花rose 玫瑰carnation康乃馨lily 百合jasmine茉莉花helianthus / heliotrope / sunflower向日葵camellia茶花corn / maize / mealie玉米pumpkin南瓜tomato 番茄lettuce莴苣cabbage 卷心菜wheat 小麦rye 黑麦barley 大麦oats燕麦4.气象学meteorology 气象学meteorologist气象学家meteorological station气象站forecast / predict预报climate气候atmosphere 大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere 中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层cold front 冷锋warm air mass热气团current（气）流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate 蒸发damp / moist / humid潮湿humidity 湿度moist ure潮湿/ 水分saturate饱和dew露frost 霜fog / mist 雾smog 烟雾droplet 小水condense浓缩crystal 水晶体sheet （水、冰、雪的）一层downpour / torrential rain大雨tempest(storm) / torrential rain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail 冰雹blizzard / snowstorm暴风雪avalanche / snow slide 雪崩precipitation（雨、露、雪等）降水thunder 雷breeze微风sandstorm 沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind 旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado / twister / cyclone龙卷风wind scale风级tsunami / seismic sea wave海啸tidal wave潮汐；浪潮upper atmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster / calamity / catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge 淹没drought 旱灾convection对流wind velocity风速wind direction 风向long-range forecast长期预报numerical weather prediction数值天气预报5.地质学crust地壳mantle 地幔core地核continental crust 大陆地壳oceanic crust海洋地壳layer / stratum地层stratigraphy 地层学fault 断层fault plane断层面fault zone断层带rift / crack / split断裂disintegration / decomposition分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石sedimentary rock 沉积岩metamorphic rock 变质岩limestone 石灰岩granite 花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma / molten lava 岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble 碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead 铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞/水银sodium 钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald 绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier 冰川glacial冰川的glacial epoch / age / period冰川期glacial drift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano 火山active volcano活火山extinct volcano死火山dormant volcano 休眠火山(sloping) shield volcano盾状火山（平缓）(steep-sided) cone volcano锥状火山（陡峭）eruption火山喷发rupt---断掉eruptirrupt 突然闯入interrupt 打断corrupt 腐败abrupt 突然的bankrupt 破产的financial crisis 金融危机crater火山口，弹坑caldera（开口较大的）火山口depression 洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanic dust火山尘volcanic ash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hot spring温泉earthquake / quake / tremor / seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismic intensity scale震烈度seismic wave 地震波transverse wave横波longitudinal wave纵波epicenter震中epicentral distance震中距aftershock 余震cataclysm灾变tsunami / tidal / force海啸undersea landslide 海底山崩melt global warming 全球逐渐变暖aquifer 蓄水层swamp沼泽peat bog泥炭沼泽aquatic lifeaquarium 水族馆Great Canyon大峡谷Nile River尼罗河Colorado river 科罗拉多河crumples zones 地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物6.考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropology人类学archaeologist人类学家pale-anthropology】gist古人类学家ecological anthropologist生态人类学家psychological anthropologist心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor 祖先hominid 人（科）homogeneous同以种族（种类）的tribe 部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate / unearth挖掘ruins遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique 古物/古董古代/古老Stone Age 石器时代antiquityBronze Age 青铜器时代Iron Age铁器时代Paleolithic 旧石器时代的Mesolithic 中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial 颅骨的fossil化石ancient civilization古代文明cave man山顶洞人cultural relics文物rock painting岩画7.地理学hemisphere 半球meridian 子午线/ 经线parallel 平行圈latitude纬线longitude经线/ 经度elevation海拔altitude高度/ 海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperature latitudes温带地区tropics 热带地区Arctic / the North Pole 北极Antarctic 南极the Antarctic Continent 南极洲the Antarctic Circle南极圈the Arctic Circle 北极圈aurora极光tropics of Cancer 北回归线tropics of Capricorn 南回归线international date line国际日期变更线time difference 时差time zone时区topography 地形/ 地形学plain平原plateau / highland 高地lowland 低地basin 盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera / ranges山脉carven / cave洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland 沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upper reaches上游lower reaches下游tributary 支流deposit沉积spring / fountain泉水iceberg 冰山riverbed河床gulf / bay海湾waterfall 瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent 水的急流tropical rain forest热带雨林continental island 大陆岛volcanic island 火山岛coral island珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlocked area 内陆inland waterway 内陆河subcontinent 次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside / mountain slope山坡continental shelf大陆架canyon / gorge峡谷channel / strait 海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial 地球的/陆地的terrestrial heat / geothermal 地热terrestrial magnetism 地磁continental drift 大陆漂移学sea-floor spreading 海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度ocean bottom 海床sediment 沉积物tropical热带的temperate 温带的frigid 寒带的frost heaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone卵石the Mediterranean Sea地中海the primeval forest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord峡湾coral reef珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水岭abyss 深渊territory 版图；领土地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝precipice悬崖eon世；纪；代glacier冰河Pangaea盘古大陆dune 沙丘Lagoon 咸水湖8.*天文学astronomy天文学astronomical observatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics 天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos / universe 宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmic radiation宇宙辐射cosmic rays宇宙射线celestial天体的celestial body/heavenly body天体celestial map / sky atlas天体图celestial sphere天球dwarf / dwarf star矮星quasar类星体constellation 星座galaxy / Milky Way银河系star cluster星团asterism星群solar system 太阳系solar corona日冕solar eclipse日食solar radiation 太阳辐射planet行星planetoid / asteroid 小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁naked eye肉眼Mercury 水星Venus金星Earth 地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn 土星Uranus天王星Neptune 海王星Pluto 冥王星Cupid JunomythGreek and Roman mythology 神话学interdisciplinary approach to teachinginterlibrary disciplineorbit 轨道spin旋转satellite 卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteor shower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite 陨石comet 彗星space / outer space太空，外层空间spacecraft / spaceship宇宙飞船space shuttle航天飞机space telescope空间望远镜astronaut / spaceman 宇航员space suit 宇航服stellar 恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar 恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula 星云space debris 太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres 色球；色球层日冕层sunspot太阳黑子（发生在光球层）flare耀斑（发生在色球层）solar prominence日珥（发生在色球层）convection zone对流层vacuum真空infrared ray红外线absolute magnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer 干扰仪，干涉仪illusive object 幻影体faint 微弱的image 影像gravitational force吸引力molten融化的leap year闰年rotation 自转revolution公转black hole 黑洞ultraviolet ray紫外线luminosity光度light year光年9.环保相关ecology 生态学ecosystem生态系统balance of nature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora 植物群rain forest雨林food chain 食物链acid rain酸雨carbonic acid 碳酸sulfuric acid 硫酸greenhouse effect温室效应infrared radiation红外线辐射ozone layer / ozonosphere臭氧层ultraviolet radiation紫外辐射pollution control污染控制air pollution 空气控制water pollution 水污染noxious / toxic 有毒的fumes （有毒的）废气waste 废物solid waste固体废物sewage / wastewater污水sewage purification污水净化swage disposal？decibel（噪音）分贝10.能源相关fossil fuel矿物燃料process of photosynthesis光合作用solar energy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energy conservation 保护能源resource资源energy source能源资源tidal energy 潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rush hour高峰期zero emission 零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide 二氧化物burning of coal and oil煤油燃烧global warming全球变暖greenhouse effect温室效应rise in sea level海平面上升long-term climatic change长期的气候变化environmental recycling center再循环利用中心litter/trash garbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林drought干旱water shortage 水源缺乏offshore spillage 近海岸溢出carbon dioxide release 二氧化碳排放industrial sewage工业污水deteriorate恶化recycling再循环purify 净化acid rain酸雨sewage disposal污水处理environment protection环境保护ozone layer臭氧层waste disposal废物处理emission（汽车废气的）排放soot烟尘El Niño 厄尔尼诺现象11.新技术发明相关12.人类学artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic 批评家criticize 批评criticism 批评satire 讽刺satirist讽刺作家inventor 发明家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist 女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist 意象派诗人phil anthrop ist 慈善家proprietor业主mortal 犯人philosophy 哲学PH.Dprecursor先驱figurehead 名誉领袖disciple 学徒apprentice 学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric 古怪的odd怪诞的/奇数的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic 浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional 情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal 家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary 当代的acclaimed受欢迎的preeminent 杰出的versatile（人）多才多艺的/（物）多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine 真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious巨大的classic 经典的posthumous死后的13.发展史a)文学prose 散文diary日记autobiography 传记,自传editorial 社论narrative prose叙述性narration 旁白，叙述descriptive prose 描写的essay随笔poetry 诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction小说allegory寓言fairy tale童话legend 传说proverb 谚语model人物原型leading character主人公main plot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue 尾声literary criticism文学批评literary studies文学研究schools of literature文学流派comparative literature比较文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism 现代主义aestheticism唯美主义b)音乐musical instrument乐器orchestra（管弦）乐队choir 唱诗班shook rattle摇拨浪鼓pound drum 击鼓foot beat跺脚note 音符score乐谱movement 乐章fanatical 狂热的hillbilly music 乡村音乐folk music民间音乐pop music流行音乐classical music古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rock and roll 摇滚乐band music / wind music管乐string弦乐violin小提琴viola中提琴cello大提琴harp 竖琴horn号；喇叭clarinet 单簧管oboe双簧管keyboard instrument键盘乐器percussion 震荡/打击乐器vocal music声乐concerto协奏曲sonata奏鸣曲serenade小夜曲solo独奏/独唱duet二重唱conducting指挥podium指挥台accompaniment伴奏quality音质volume音量chord和弦harmony和声rest 休止time节拍lullaby催眠曲prelude 序曲epilogue尾声c)政治经济subsistence存活，生活subsistence wage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistence level 收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支。
INTRO(前瞻记忆实验范式)
简介前瞻记忆是有关人们如果产生、保持并在一定的延时后执行意图行为（延迟意图）的领域，这种功能不是被单独的一个结构所支持，有很多不同类型的情境涉及到前瞻记忆。
它是一种特殊的长时记忆，是指对预定事件或未来要执行的行为的记忆，即对于将来的某种意向和计划的记忆。
它反映了将来的情况，使人们记得要去做某事，例如，记住15分钟后给朋友打电话、记住回家途中经过超市买牙膏、记住离开家之前关好门窗等等。
空间（视觉）工作记忆负荷对前瞻记忆影响的实验思想源于双重任务范式，双重任务范式最初由Einstein和McDaniel（1990年）设计的一种较为完善的前瞻记忆的实验室研究方法，对无关变量提供了更多的控制。
该方法为：先告诉被试将要完成一个任务，使被试认为这个任务是实验的基本任务（实际为进行中任务，ongoing task）。
前瞻记忆任务安插在这个持续的进行中任务之中，这符合现实世界的前瞻记忆任务，即一般人们必须在某个时刻中断一个正在进行的话动而去执行前瞻记忆话动。
在进行中任务的指导语后，给被试前瞻记忆任务的指导语，一般是要求被试在进行中任务中如果看见某些特别的目标事件（Target Event），就完成某个任务（如按某键），前瞻记忆指导语后，呈现一个或多个干扰任务，以便使被试对前瞻记忆产生足够的遗忘，最后呈现进行中任务，被试在完成进行中任务的过程中完成前瞻记忆任务，被试对目标词做出反应（即执行前瞻记忆任务）的正确率为测量的因变量。
其后的实验研究大都采用这种范式，并在此基础上根据实验目的和要求对前瞻记忆任务，干扰任务，靶事件及所嵌入的回溯记忆任务的形式和内容做出适当的调整和改变。
West等人（2001, 2006）为了探索工作记忆与前瞻记忆关系问题，以N-back的工作记忆任务作为进行中任务，将前瞻记忆任务嵌入其中，从而对进行中任务的不同认知需求水平是否影响前瞻记忆进行研究。
综上，本研究采用前瞻记忆的双重任务范式，选取可以反映不同认知负荷的视觉/空间工作记忆任务作为进行中任务，考察不同视觉或者空间工作记忆负荷条件下前瞻记忆任务的完成情况。
intro用法
intro用法
"intro"是英语中的缩写，通常指的是"introduction"，意为介绍或引言。
在不同的语境中，这个词有不同的用法。
1. 在写作或演讲中，"intro"可以指文章或演讲的开头部分，用来引入主题或提供背景信息。
例句：在我的演讲中，我会首先给大家进行一个简短的intro，然后深入探讨这个问题。
2. 在音乐中，"intro"指的是一首歌曲的开场部分，通常是没有歌词的旋律或乐器演奏。
例句：这首歌的intro非常动听，为整首歌增添了神秘感。
3. 在商业领域，"intro"可以指客户或合作伙伴的介绍。
例句：请你介绍一下公司的intro，包括我们的核心业务和价值主张。
总之，"intro"在不同场合中具有不同的含义，但都与介绍或引入相关。
intro和outro的用法
intro和outro的用法
一、intro
在写作中，intro（引言）是一个非常重要的部分。
它是一篇文章的开篇，通常出现在文章的开头，用来吸引读者的注意力，并为后续的内容打下基础。
一个好的引言应该能够简洁明了地概括文章的主题，引起读者的兴趣，并引导他们继续阅读下去。
为了写出一个好的引言，首先需要明确文章的主题和目的。
确定主题后，可以思考如何以有趣或引人入胜的方式呈现这个主题。
可以使用吸引人的事实、故事、引用或悬念来激发读者的兴趣。
无论选择哪种方式，都应该确保引言与文章的主题紧密相关，并为后续内容做好铺垫。
二、outro
Outro是写作中另一个重要的部分，它通常出现在文章的结尾。
与引言相反，outro的目的是总结文章的主要观点，给读者留下深刻的印象，并激发他们的思考或行动。
一个好的outro 应该能够呼应文章的主题，强调文章的核心观点，并为读者提供一些启示或建议。
为了写出一个好的outro，首先需要回顾文章的主要观点和论据。
确定这些观点和论据后，思考如何以简洁明了的方式总结它们。
此外，也可以尝试提供一些行动建议或思考问题，以激发读者的思考和参与。
无论选择哪种方式，都应该确保outro与文章的主题和目的相一致，并为读者提供有价值的启示和建议。
prefix总结表
prefix1.表方位in,im 内intro向内inter 之间e,ex,ef外extro向外exo 外部out 外re反，后retro向后re 重复de 向下/去掉pro 向前/多trans 转移,横向sur, over 在上面sus, sub, suc,suf,sup,sur(加同辅音), under 在下面by 旁边post 后面ante,fore pre前面epi 周围circum圆,周围2.表数量semi, hemi, demi(半), uni, mono(单) ,di, bi(双), tri(三), qua(四),quint,penta(五), hex, sex(六) mili, kilo(千) under(不够) multi, poly(很多), super, ultra, hyper, over, extra(过多)3.表共同co, com, con, sym,(col, cor 加同辅音)4.表加强ad, a加同辅音字母ab, ac, ad, af, ag, an, ap, ar, as, at5.表反对anti, counter, contra, op, ob6.表否定a, an, im, in, (il, ir 加同辅音) un, non, dis, dif7.表大小mini,micro( 小) macro （大）8.表好坏bene, eu(好) male/mal(坏) mis(错误)9.表新旧neo,nov新paleo 旧10.表使动a, en,em , be, de11.表分开ana, dia, dif, dis, se12.表人anthrop(人类)，demo(人民)，patr(父)，matr(母)13.相似前缀hetero 异类homo同类hyper过多hypo下面，次等per 全部pre 提前pro 向前，多。
intro汉语拼音简介(英文)
1234 bai 1234 pai 234 mai
1 34 bei 12 4 pei 234 mei
1234 bao 1234 pao 1234 mao 1 pou 23 mou
1 34 ban 12 4 pan 1234 man
1 34 ben 12 4 pen 12 4 men
1 34 bang 1234 pang 23 mang
6. Spelling rules
When
there is no intials before finals starting with ü, y shall be added as initial no matter if there is vowels after ü. When y added, ü is changed to u. For example: ü – yu üe – yue üan – yuan ün –yun When initials other than n and l proceed finals ü starting with, ü changes to u. nü – nü lü – lü jü – ju qü - qu
Nǐ hǎo
1-2.Syllable, Word, and Character
One
or more syllables make a word: Each syllable has a Chinese character
Tone
initial
Nǐ 你
final
hǎo 好
2.The Pinyin Chart
6.Classroom Expressions and L1 New words
Duī
电子琴各种功能及音色节奏中英文对照
电子琴各种功能及音色节奏中英文对照电子琴是一种功能非常丰富的乐器，提供了许多不同的音色、节奏和功能。
以下是一些常见的电子琴功能及其中英文对照：1. 音色（Tones）：- Grand piano（钢琴）- Electric piano（电钢琴）- Organ（风琴）- Strings（弦乐）- Brass（铜管乐器）- Synth（合成器）- Woodwind（木管乐器）- Percussion（打击乐器）- Choir（合唱）- Ethnic（民族乐器）- Guitar（吉他）- Bass（贝斯）2. 节奏（Rhythms）：- Rock- Pop- Jazz- Latin- Dance- Hip-hop- Reggae- Country- Classical- Funk- Blues- Chord mode（和弦模式）- Fingered mode（指法模式）- Single finger（单指伴奏）- Multi finger（多指伴奏）- Full keyboard（全键盘伴奏）- Intro（开头）- Ending（结尾）- Fill in（过渡）4. 效果（Effects）：- Reverb（混响）- Delay（延迟）- Tremolo（颤音）- Rotary speaker（转向音箱）- Overdrive（过载）5. 录音和播放（Recording and Playback）：- Record（录音）- Playback（回放）- Save（保存）- Load（加载）- MIDI recording（MIDI 录制）6. 教学功能（Lesson Functions）：- Lesson 1（第一课）- Lesson 2（第二课）- Lesson 3（第三课）- Practice（练习）- Performance（演奏）- Repeat（重复）- Metronome（节拍器）- Key transpose（调号转换）7. 连接和扩展（Connectivity and Expansion）：- USB（Universal Serial Bus）- MIDI（Musical Instrument Digital Interface）- Audio input（音频输入）- Audio output（音频输出）- Headphone（耳机）- External speakers（外接扬声器）- Pedal input（踏板输入）8. 其他功能（Other Functions）：- Metronome（节拍器）- Tuning（调音）- Pitch bend（音高弯音）- Portamento（滑音）- Dual voice（双音色）- Split voice（分割音色）- Octave shift（八度移位）- Sustain（延音踏板）希望以上内容能为您提供关于电子琴功能和音色节奏的一些中英对照，让您更加了解电子琴的多样性。
intro 的用法 -回复
intro 的用法-回复Introduction (引言):The usage of brackets, also known as square brackets or square parentheses, is a topic of interest in various fields, including language, mathematics, and computer programming. Brackets serve different purposes and have specific rules and conventions associated with them. In this article, we will explore the various functions and applications of brackets, examining their usage in different contexts and providing a step-by-step analysis.Section 1: Types of Brackets (种类)To understand the different uses of brackets, we must first familiarize ourselves with the various types. The most common types of brackets include square brackets [ ], curved brackets { }, and angled brackets < >. Each of these brackets serves a unique purpose and is utilized in specific scenarios. For instance, square brackets are commonly used to enclose editorial comments or to indicate changes made in quoted texts. Curved brackets are primarily used in mathematics and indicate grouping or nested expressions. Angled brackets are often used in computer programming, particularly to denote HTML tags or to representinequality in mathematical expressions.Section 2: Bracket Usage in Language (语言中的括号使用)In language, brackets are used primarily for clarification or to provide additional information within a sentence. One common use is to enclose editor's notes or explanations in quoted text, indicating that the information is not part of the original source. For example, "The witness stated, 'I saw him [the suspect] fleeing the scene.'"Another usage of brackets in language is to indicate necessary changes or corrections while quoting someone's speech or writing. This ensures that the reader understands that the change was made to accurately present the quote. For instance, "She said, 'I am [was] going to the party later.'"Section 3: Bracket Usage in Mathematics (数学中的括号使用)In mathematics, brackets play a crucial role in indicating grouping or nested expressions. Square brackets are mainly used to clarify the order of operations in mathematical equations. For example, in the expression 3 + (4 * 5), the square brackets help to distinguish the multiplication operation within the parentheses.Curved brackets, also known as parentheses, are used extensively in mathematical expressions. They indicate the order of operations and clarify the hierarchy of calculations. For instance, in the expression (2 + 3) * 4, the parentheses ensure that the addition is performed before the multiplication.Angled brackets, although less common in mathematics, have their uses. They are often employed in vectors, matrices, or to represent inequality in mathematical equations. For instance, <2, 3, 4> represents a vector in three-dimensional space.Section 4: Bracket Usage in Computer Programming (计算机编程中的括号使用)In the realm of computer programming, brackets have significant importance. Curved brackets, known as curly braces, are extensively used to define blocks of code in programming languages such as C++, Java, and Python. They delineate the scope of functions, loops, or conditional statements. For example:pythonfor i in range(0, 5):print(i)In this code snippet, the curly braces define the scope of the for loop.Section 5: Bracket Usage in Other Disciplines (其他领域中的括号使用)Beyond language, mathematics, and computer programming, brackets find applications in diverse fields. In music notation, brackets are used to indicate repeated sections or optional passages. In legal writing, they may be used to enclose explanations or alternative wordings. Additionally, brackets are employed in bibliographies to enclose publication dates that are estimated or inferred.Conclusion (结论):In conclusion, brackets serve various functions and are used in different contexts across an array of disciplines. From providing additional information in language to indicating the order of operations in mathematics, and delineating code blocks incomputer programming, brackets are essential punctuation marks. Understanding the rules and conventions associated with bracket usage enhances communication clarity and accuracy in these fields.。
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Projects relating consumer behavior
– 国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目：“消费者期望不确定性和后 悔对 满意度及选 择的动态影 响 ”（ 70502003） ，项目 负责人， 2006.01-2008.12 （后评估优秀）
– 国家自然科学基金面上项目“概率有奖促销效果的影响因素研究” （70872057），项目负责人，2009.01-2011.12
Do not bargain to have higher grades with me. Any requests for grade change have to go through the MiM program office.
Put your name card in front of you.
– Associate Professor in Department of Marketing; Faculty Director of TsinghuaINSEAD EMBA program
– Visiting scholar at MIT Sloan, City University of Hong Kong
5-18 (A Journal).
CHEN Rong, HE Feng (2003), “Examination of Brand Knowledge,
Perceived Risk and Consumers’ Intention to Adopt an Online Retailer,” Total
2
My Background (2)
Courses Teaching
– Consumer Behavior, Marketing Management, Insights into Advertising, Services Marketing
Research Interests
– Consumer decision making, services, pricing, promotion
CHEN Rong, HUANG Jinsong, SU Song, HE Feng (2012), “A Comparison of Different Probabilistic Prize Promotion Schemes,” Social Behavior and Personality, forthcoming (SSCI).
– 国家自然科学基金面上项目“服务行业售后服务中的员工满意、顾 客 满意及 管理层支 持关系 研究 ”（ 71172011） ， 项目负 责人， 2012.01-2015.12
– 国家自然科学基金重点项目：“中国本土品牌成长与创新研究”
（70632003），子项目负责人，2007.01-2010.12
4
Selected Publications （continued）
CHEN Rong, BAI Xue, HE Feng (2010), “The Choice between Front-
Loaded and Rear-Loaded Coupons for New Brands,” Journal of
Consumer Behavior 消费行为学
Chen Rong 陈荣 2012 Spring
2012/2/22
My Background (1)
Rong Chen (Cindy)
– PhD in Marketing from the Chinese University of Hong Kong (2004)
Total Quality Management and Business Excellence, 20 (9), 953-970
(SSCI).
HE Feng, CHEN Rong (2006), “The Comparative Analysis on Home-
Electrical Company’s R&D and Technical Efficiency between China and
HE Feng, CHEN Rong (2011), “R&D, advertising and firm technical efficiency: an empirical analysis on Chinese and Japanese household appliance industry,” International Journal of Service Technology and Management, 16 (1), 107-122. (ABI, EI)
While in class, TURN OFF mobile e. Each time it rings, the student will have to pay RMB50. The money will go towards a class fund for a charity.
NIU Yongge, DONG Lily C., CHEN Rong (2012), "Market Entry Barriers in China," Journal of Business Research, 65 (1), 68-76 (B Journal).
HUANG Jinsong, CHEN Rong, WANG Xia (2012), "Factors Influencing Internet Short Video Forward Intention," Social Behavior and Personality, 40 (1), 5-14 (SSCI).
Regret?” Motivation and Emotion, 33,219-228 (SSCI).
ZENG Fur, HU Zuohao, CHEN Rong, YANG Zhilin (2009), “Determinants
of Online Service Satisfaction and Their Impacts on Behavioral Intentions,”
can walk in anytime (by appointment is safest) Phone: 62796900 Email: chenr@
8
Other Contacts
Discussion board： (Code: 12S80510862-3)
Quality Management and Business Excellence, 14 (6), 677-693 (SSCI).
5
Chinese publications in
《心理学报》、《营销科学学报》、《中国管理科学》、《管理 科学学报》、《中国软科学》、《南开管理评论》、《系统工程 理论与实践》、《金融研究》、《科学学研究》、《研究与发展 管理》etc.
– Project – Assignments
Form your own groups of -
– Today, during break
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2
2012/2/22
Ground Rules (1)
Arrive on time, don’t be late. participation points!!
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1
2012/2/22
Generally speaking, I’m a research person.
– I teaches you the textbook, the theories and concepts, the stuff I learnt from other channels, including newspapers, magazines, colleagues and students
Del I. Hawkins, David L. Mothersbaugh, and Roger J. Best, Consumer Behavior: Building Marketing Strategy. 10th edition, McGraw-Hill, 2007. Or, any textbook of Consumer Behavior in English.
– Account: s127 – Password: ih0815
TA: Longzhu Liu
email: liulzh.10@ Tel: 15201280661
Course Representative:欧梓澄
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Admin Stuff…Textbook
Management and Marketing Research, 4, 1-13.
SU Song, CHEN Rong, ZHAO Ping (2009), “Do the Size of Consideration
Set and the Source of the Better Competing Option Influence Post-Choice
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Ground Rules (2)
Participate actively in class. Insightful comments will receive greater credit.
Please read assigned chapters before class (quick skim will suffice)
Book is a complement to the class lecture and discussion (not a substitute)
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Admin Stuff…Grading Criteria
YAO Qing, CHEN Rong, ZHAO Ping (2011), “Precise versus Imprecise Promotional Rewards at Small Probabilities: Moderating from Purchase Value and Promotion Budget,” European Journal of Marketing, forthcoming (B Journal).