考研习题
考研金融学习题及答案(填空)
（一）1. 人类最早的信用活动产生于原始社会末期，它是在(私有制)基础上产生的。
2. 在奴隶社会和封建社会中，(高利贷)是占主导地位的信用形式。
3. 信用的基本特征是(偿还)和(支付利息)4. 在旧中国农村，粮食借贷有“春借一斗秋还三斗”的说法，这种信用形式所采用的是(实物借贷)方式，后来随着生产力的提高，逐渐发展(货币供货)方式，并成为主要借贷形式。
5. 债务人无法按照承诺偿还债权人本息的风险被称为(信用风险)6. 工商企业之间在买卖商品时，以商品形式提供的信用是(商业信用)，其典型形式是(赊销)7. 提供商业信用的债权人，为保证自己对债务的索取权而掌握的一种书面债权凭证被称为(商业票据)8. 现代经济社会中，国家的经济职能得到空前强化，并作为最重要的经济部门参与经济活动。
在国家信用中政府主要作为资金的(需求者)9. 消费信用的形式有(赊销)(分期付款)和(消费信贷)几种10. 消费信贷按接受贷款的对象不同分为(买方信贷)和(卖方信贷)两种（二）11. 对利率按借贷期内利率是否浮动可划分为：(固定利率)与(浮动利率)在借贷期限较短或市场利率变化不大的情况下可以采用(固定利率)。
12. 通常情况下，名义利率扣除(通货膨胀率)即可视为实际利率13. 各类利率之间和各类内部都有一定的联系并相互制约，共同构成一个有机整体，即(利率体系)，它是一国在一定时期内种类利率的总和。
14. 相同期金融资产因风险异而产生的不同利率，被称为利率的(风险结构)15. 由于债券发行者的收入会随经营者状况而改变，因此债券本息的偿付能力不同，这就给债券本息能否及时偿还带来了不确定性，这种风险叫(违约风险)16. 我国出现第一家现代商业银行是1845年在广州和香港同时开业的(英国丽如)银行，我国第一家发族资本银行是1897年在上海设立的(中国通商银行)17. 国民党统治时期，国民党政府和四大家族运用手中的权利建立了以(四行二局一库)核心的官僚资本金融机构体系，并成为国民党政府实行金融垄断的重要工具18. 1948年12月1日，子啊原华北银行、北海银行、西北农民银行的基础上建立的(中国人民银行)标志着辛中国金融体系的开始。
考研政治练习题及答案
考研政治练习题及答案一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. 马克思主义哲学认为，世界的本原是：A. 物质B. 精神C. 能量D. 信息答案：A2. 毛泽东思想是：A. 中国革命和建设的指导思想B. 马克思主义在中国的具体应用C. 社会主义现代化建设的指导思想D. 马克思主义的基本原理答案：B3. 社会主义核心价值观包括：A. 富强、民主、文明、和谐B. 自由、平等、公正、法治C. 爱国、敬业、诚信、友善D. 所有选项答案：D4. 中国特色社会主义进入新时代，我国社会主要矛盾已经转化为：A. 人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾B. 人民日益增长的美好生活需要和不平衡不充分的发展之间的矛盾C. 社会主义和资本主义之间的矛盾D. 经济建设与环境保护之间的矛盾答案：B5. 社会主义市场经济体制的基本特征包括：A. 以公有制为主体B. 以市场为基础C. 以计划为主导D. A和B答案：D6. 党的十九大报告指出，全面深化改革的总目标是：A. 完善和发展中国特色社会主义制度B. 推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化C. 实现中华民族伟大复兴D. A和B答案：D7. 我国的基本政治制度包括：A. 人民代表大会制度B. 民族区域自治制度C. 基层群众自治制度D. 所有选项答案：D8. 社会主义法治理念的核心是：A. 依法治国B. 以德治国C. 法治与德治相结合D. 公平正义答案：A9. 我国坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的总任务是：A. 实现中华民族伟大复兴B. 建设社会主义现代化强国C. 推进全面深化改革D. A和B答案：D10. 社会主义核心价值观在国家层面的价值目标是：A. 富强、民主、文明、和谐B. 自由、平等、公正、法治C. 爱国、敬业、诚信、友善D. 创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享答案：A二、多项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 以下哪些是中国特色社会主义事业的总体布局？A. 经济建设B. 政治建设C. 文化建设D. 社会建设E. 生态文明建设答案：ABCDE2. 社会主义核心价值观在社会层面的价值取向包括：A. 自由B. 平等C. 公正D. 法治E. 诚信答案：ABCD3. 我国坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的基本原则包括：A. 坚持党的基本路线B. 坚持解放思想、实事求是C. 坚持全面深化改革D. 坚持新发展理念E. 坚持人民主体地位答案：ABCDE4. 我国社会主义法治建设的基本原则包括：A. 法律面前人人平等B. 依法治国C. 以德治国D. 法律的权威至上E. 严格执法、公正司法答案：ABDE5. 我国社会主义市场经济体制的基本特征包括：A. 以公有制为主体B. 以市场为基础C. 以计划为主导D. 以效率优先E. 以社会公平为保障答案：ABE三、简答题（每题10分，共20分）1. 简述中国特色社会主义进入新时代的重大意义。
数学考研练习题
数学考研练习题一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 下列哪个选项不是有理数？A. πB. -3C. 0.33333...D. √42. 一个圆的半径为5，其面积是：A. 25πB. 50πC. 100πD. 125π3. 函数f(x)=x^2-4x+4的最小值出现在：A. x=0B. x=2C. x=4D. x=-24. 已知a=3，b=-2，c=1，求二次方程ax^2+bx+c=0的根：A. x=1/3B. x=-2C. x=3D. 无实数解5. 以下哪个数列是等差数列？A. 2, 4, 8, 16B. 1, 3, 6, 10C. 3, 5, 7, 9D. 5, 7, 9, 11二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）6. 已知等差数列的前三项分别为2, 5, 8，求第四项。
第四项是________。
7. 若函数f(x)=2x-3在x=2处的导数为k，则k的值为________。
8. 已知三角形ABC的两边长分别为3和4，夹角为60°，求第三边的长度。
第三边的长度为________。
9. 将圆x^2+y^2=9沿着x轴平移2个单位，新的圆的方程是________。
10. 已知一个正弦波函数y=A*sin(ωx+φ)，若其振幅A=2，周期T=2π，求ω的值。
ω的值为________。
三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 解不等式：|x-3| + |x+1| ≤ 5。
12. 证明：对于任意的正整数n，1^2 + 1/2^2 + 1/3^2 + ... +1/n^2 < 2。
13. 已知函数f(x)=x^3-3x^2+2x-1，求其导数f'(x)。
四、解答题（每题15分，共40分）14. 求曲线y=x^3-6x^2+9x+2在点(2,0)处的切线方程。
15. 给定函数g(x)=ln(x)-2x+5，求其在区间[1,e]上的最大值和最小值。
16. 某工厂生产一种产品，其成本函数为C(x)=5x+2000，销售价格为p(x)=10x，其中x为生产数量。
考研英语新题型练习题
考研英语新题型练习题一、阅读理解（共20分）A节（共10分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
Passage 1In recent years, the popularity of online education has surged, with millions of students around the world taking advantage of the convenience and flexibility it offers. However, there are also concerns about the quality of online education compared to traditional classroom learning.Questions:21. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The benefits of online education.B. The increasing popularity of online education.C. The drawbacks of online education.D. The comparison between online and traditional education.22. What concerns are mentioned regarding online education?A. The cost of online courses.B. The lack of social interaction.C. The difficulty in accessing technology.D. The quality of the education provided.Passage 2The role of technology in modern society is undeniable. It has transformed the way we communicate, work, and live. Yet, there is an ongoing debate about whether technology has a positive or negative impact on our lives.Questions:23. What is the author's purpose in writing this passage?A. To discuss the benefits of technology.B. To explore the impact of technology on society.C. To criticize the overuse of technology.D. To encourage the development of new technologies.24. What is the central debate mentioned in the passage?A. The cost of technological advancements.B. The ethical implications of technology.C. The positive versus negative effects of technology.D. The future of technology in society.B节（共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
考研英语一阅读练习题
考研英语一阅读练习题一、事实细节题1. According to the first paragraph, what is the main challenge faced today's college graduates?2. In the second paragraph, the author mentions that__________ is a key factor in job placement.3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the third paragraph?4. The author gives the example of Company X toillustrate __________.二、词义猜测题1. The word "entrenched" in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to __________.2. In Paragraph 4, the phrase "break the mold" mostlikely means __________.3. The term "lateral thinking" in Paragraph 5 can be best understood as __________.三、推理判断题1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that__________.2. The author's attitude towards the current job marketis __________.3. Based on the information in Paragraph 3, we can conclude that __________.四、主旨大意题1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?2. What is the overall theme of the passage?3. Which of the following best summarizes the author's purpose in writing this article?五、观点态度题1. The author's opinion on the importance of internships is __________.2. In the author's view, the role of __________ in career success is __________.3. The author's tone when discussing the challenges of college graduates can be described as __________.六、篇章结构题1. The function of the first paragraph is to __________.2. The author uses the example in Paragraph 4 to__________.3. The structure of the passage can be best described as __________.七、长难句理解题1. In the following sentence, what does the author mean "the socalled 'hidden job market'"?"Many job seekers overlook the socalled 'hidden job market', which accounts for a significant portion of total employment opportunities."2. What is the author's point in the following sentence?"While a strong academic background is important, it is not the sole determinant of career success."八、信息匹配题1. Which paragraph discusses the impact of social media on job hunting?2. In which section does the author talk about the benefits of networking?3. Which part of the article provides advice on how to tailor a resume for different job applications?九、逻辑推理题1. If the author's claim in Paragraph 5 is true, which of the following would most likely be the consequence?2. The author suggests that without __________, it would be difficult for graduates to __________.3. Which of the following steps should be taken first according to the author's advice for job seekers?十、细节理解题1. According to the article, what percentage of jobs are never advertised?2. The author mentions several skills that are highly valued employers; which skill is mentioned as being crucial for problemsolving?十一、语义理解题1. What does the author imply when saying "the landscape of employment has shifted dramatically"?2. The phrase "think outside the box" in Paragraph 6 suggests that job seekers should __________.3. In the context of the article, what does "soft skills" refer to?十二、论点论据题1. Which of the following serves as evidence to support the author's claim about the importance of continuous learning?2. The author uses __________ as an example to illustrate the significance of adaptability in the workplace.3. What is the main argument against relying solely on online job portals for job search?十三、归纳题1. What would be the best of the passage?2. If the second section of the article were to be d, which of the following would be most appropriate?3. Choose a sub for the last paragraph of the article.十四、引申推断题1. Based on the passage, what might be a future trend in the job market?2. If the author were to continue the article, what topic might be discussed next?3. What advice can be inferred for those who are considering a career change?答案一、事实细节题2. Networking and personal connections.3. (Answer depends on the content of the third paragraph, which is not provided.)4. The importance of practical skills in the workplace.二、词义猜测题1. Established or firmly established.2. Think in an unconventional way or innovate.3. Thinking that moves laterally or creatively to solve problems.三、推理判断题1. (Answer depends on the content of the first paragraph, which is not provided.)2. Concerned but optimistic.3. (Answer depends on the content of the third paragraph, which is not provided.)四、主旨大意题1. (Answer depends on the content of the second paragraph, which is not provided.)2. Navigating the job market as a new graduate.3. (Answer depends on the overall theme of the passage, which is not provided.)五、观点态度题1. Positive.2. Continuous learning / crucial.3. Understanding and empathetic.六、篇章结构题1. To introduce the topic and present the main challenge.2. To illustrate the importance of thinking outside the box.3. Problemsolution structure.七、长难句理解题1. Jobs that are not publicly advertised but can be found through networking and other informal channels.2. Academic background alone is not enough for career success.八、信息匹配题1. Paragraph 4.2. Section discussing career development strategies.3. Part where resume customization is advised.九、逻辑推理题1. Increased emphasis on practical skills in education.2. Continuous learning / stay relevant in the job market.3. Identifying one's career goals.十、细节理解题1. 7080%.2. Critical thinking.3. Subscribing to industry newsletters and attending webinars.十一、语义理解题1. Significant changes have occurred in how people find and secure employment.2. Be creative and innovative.十二、论点论据题1. The statistic that a certain percentage of jobs are filled through networking.2. A story of a graduate who adapted to a new industry.3. The argument that online job portals only show a fraction of available jobs.十三、归纳题1. "Navigating the Job Market: Strategies for New Graduates"2. "The Hidden Job Market: Uncovering Opportunities"3. "Adapting to Change: The Key to Career Success"十四、引申推断题1. Increased reliance on remote work and digital platforms.2. Strategies for effective job interviews.3. The importance of lifelong learning and career planning.。
考研英语复习题及答案
考研英语复习题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容回答1-5题。
Passage 1In the past few years, the popularity of online education has surged. Many people believe that online learning is more convenient and flexible than traditional classroom education. However, there are also concerns about the effectiveness of online education.1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) Online education is less effective than traditional education.B) Online education is becoming increasingly popular.C) Traditional classroom education is more effective.D) People are divided over the effectiveness of online education.2. According to the passage, what is one advantage of online education?A) It is less flexible than traditional education.B) It is more expensive than traditional education.C) It is more convenient and flexible.D) It is more challenging than traditional education.3. What is a concern mentioned in the passage?A) The cost of online education.B) The effectiveness of online education.C) The lack of access to online education.D) The difficulty of online learning.4. What does the passage suggest about the popularity of online education?A) It is declining.B) It is stable.C) It is increasing.D) It is uncertain.5. What can be inferred from the passage?A) The author is against online education.B) The author is in favor of online education.C) The author is neutral about online education.D) The author is confused about online education.Passage 2The use of social media has become an integral part of modern society. It allows people to stay connected with friends and family, share experiences, and access information. However, there are also concerns about the impact of social media on mental health.1. What is the main topic of the passage?A) The benefits of social media.B) The drawbacks of social media.C) The impact of social media on mental health.D) The history of social media.2. According to the passage, what is a positive aspect of social media?A) It can lead to mental health issues.B) It can be a source of misinformation.C) It can help people stay connected.D) It can be a time-consuming activity.3. What is a concern raised in the passage?A) The cost of social media platforms.B) The impact of social media on mental health.C) The lack of regulation of social media.D) The potential for cyberbullying.4. What can be inferred about the author's view on social media?A) The author is completely against social media.B) The author is completely in favor of social media.C) The author has a balanced view of social media.D) The author is confused about the impact of social media.5. What does the passage suggest about the role of social media in society?A) It is becoming less important.B) It is becoming more important.C) It is controversial.D) It is unnecessary.二、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
考研数学练习题
考研数学练习题一、选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 设函数f(x)=x^3-3x^2+2x，求f'(x)的值。
A. 3x^2-6x+2B. x^3-3x+2C. 3x^2-6xD. 3x^2-6x+12. 已知数列{an}满足a1=2，an+1=3an-2，求a4的值。
A. 32B. 34C. 36D. 383. 曲线y=x^2与直线y=4x-5在第一象限内的交点坐标是：A. (1,3)B. (2,3)C. (5,21)D. (5,15)4. 已知矩阵A=\[\begin{matrix} 1 & 2 \\ 3 & 4 \end{matrix}\]，求矩阵A的行列式。
A. -2B. 0C. 1D. 55. 已知函数f(x)=sin(x)+cos(x)，求f''(x)的值。
A. -2cos(x)B. -2sin(x)C. 2cos(x)D. 2sin(x)二、填空题（每题3分，共15分）1. 若f(x)=x^2-4x+3，求f(2)的值为______。
2. 设等差数列{bn}的首项为5，公差为3，求其第10项b10的值为______。
3. 若曲线y=x^3-6x^2+9x+2与x轴相切于点(x0,0)，则x0的值为______。
4. 已知向量a=\[\begin{matrix} 2 \\ 3 \end{matrix}\]，b=\[\begin{matrix} -1 \\ 4 \end{matrix}\]，求向量a与b的点积a·b的值为______。
5. 设函数g(x)=e^x-1，求g(0)的值为______。
三、解答题（每题5分，共30分）1. 求函数y=x^2-2x+1的极值点，并说明极值类型。
2. 已知等比数列{cn}的首项为1，公比为2，求其前n项和Sn。
3. 证明：若函数f(x)在区间(a,b)内连续，且f(a)f(b)<0，则至少存在一点c∈(a,b)，使得f(c)=0。
考研光学复习题库及答案
考研光学复习题库及答案一、选择题1. 光的干涉现象是指：A. 光的衍射B. 光的反射C. 光的折射D. 两束或多束相干光波相遇时，光强分布不均匀的现象答案：D2. 以下哪个不是光的偏振现象的特性？A. 光波振动方向的单一性B. 光波振动方向的多样性C. 光波振动方向的不变性D. 光波振动方向的固定性答案：B3. 光的衍射现象说明：A. 光是粒子B. 光是波动C. 光是电磁波D. 光具有能量答案：B二、填空题1. 光的干涉条件是两束光必须是________。
答案：相干光2. 光的偏振现象可以通过________来实现。
答案：偏振器3. 单缝衍射的中央亮纹的宽度比其它亮纹的宽度________。
答案：宽三、简答题1. 请简述光的干涉现象及其应用。
答：光的干涉现象是指两束或多束相干光波相遇时，光强分布不均匀的现象。
这种现象说明光具有波动性。
应用包括干涉测量技术，如干涉仪用于测量微小的长度变化，以及光学干涉滤波器等。
2. 什么是光的全反射现象？请举例说明。
答：光的全反射现象是指当光从光密介质进入光疏介质时，如果入射角大于临界角，光将不会折射进入光疏介质，而是全部反射回光密介质。
例如，当光线从水中射向空气时，如果角度足够大，就会产生全反射，形成彩虹。
四、计算题1. 已知光波长为600纳米，求在单缝衍射实验中，当缝宽为0.5毫米时，中央亮纹的宽度。
答：根据单缝衍射的公式，中央亮纹的角宽度 \( \theta \) 可以用公式 \( \theta = \frac{\lambda D}{d} \) 来计算，其中\( \lambda \) 是光波长，\( D \) 是观察屏到缝的距离，\( d \) 是缝宽。
由于题目没有给出 \( D \)，我们无法直接计算出具体的宽度，但可以得出宽度与 \( D \) 成正比。
五、论述题1. 论述光的波动性和粒子性，并说明它们在现代物理学中的应用。
答：光的波动性表现在光具有干涉、衍射和偏振等现象，而光的粒子性则体现在光电效应等现象中。
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青岛科技大学2007年研究生入学考试试卷
考试科目：物理化学 (答案全部写在答题纸上)
一. 选择及填充题(每小题3分，共30分)
1. 无非体积功的封闭系统中，等温、等压下的化学反应可用______来计算系统的熵变。
A. ΔS=Q/T
B. ΔS=ΔH/T
C. ΔS=(ΔH－ΔG)/T
D. ΔS=nR ln(V2/V1)
2. 298 K时气相反应 2 SO3(g) == 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) 的标准平衡常数为
K p (1)，反应 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) == 2 SO3(g) 的标准平衡常数K p (2) =
_______________。
A. Kp (1)
B. －Kp (1)
C. 1 / Kp (1)
D. [Kp (1)]1/2
3. 已知25℃时标准电极电势E (Ag+｜Ag)=0.799 V，E (Cu2+｜Cu)=0.337 V。
25℃时电池
Cu｜Cu2+(a=1)‖Ag+(a=1)｜Ag
的电动势E=______V。
A. –0.462
B. 0.462
C. –1.136
D. 1.136
4. 0.1 mol·dm－3的KI溶液与等体积的0.08 mol·dm－3的AgNO3溶液相混，制得的AgI溶胶分别用以下四种电解质溶液使其聚沉，其中聚沉能力最大的是___________：
A. Na2SO4
B. ZnCl2
C. Na3PO4
D. AlCl3
5. 在各种运动形式的配分函数中，与粒子运动空间有关的是
______________。
A. q t
B. q v
C. q r
D. q t与q v
6. 某系统中粒子的分布符合玻尔兹曼分布。
温度T下，分布在简并度均为1的两个能级ε2和ε 1 上的粒子数之比n2/n1=____________________。
A. (ε2－ε1) / (kT)
B. exp[ε2 / (kT)] / exp[ε1 / (kT)]
C. exp[－(ε2－ε1) / (kT)]
D. exp[－ε2 / (kT)] / exp[－ε1 / (kT)]
7. 25℃下，压力为100 kPa的2 m3气体反抗恒外压50 kPa膨胀至内、外压相等为止，此过程中气体对外做功－W=_______________。
8. 恒温、恒压下，由CaCO3(s)、CaO(s)、BaCO3(s)、BaO(s)和CO2(g)构成的多相平衡系统的独立组分数为 ______________，自由度数为___________。
9. CaCl2溶液的质量摩尔浓度为b，此溶液的离子平均质量摩尔浓度b±
=_________。
10. 25℃下进行反应2 A ─→ B 的速率常数为k，采用催化剂S后，反应速率可提高到10 k。
同温度下，反应 B─→ 2 A的速率常数为0.1 s－1，采用催化剂S后，此反应的速率常数k’= _______________。
二.(20分)在100 kPa下将1 mol He(g)从100℃加热到200℃，计算此过程的Q、W、ΔU、ΔS及ΔG。
已知100℃下He(g)的标准摩尔熵为130.2 J·K－1·mol －1，He(g)可看作理想气体。
三.(20分)将NH4HS(s)放入抽空的容器中，25℃下分解为NH3(g)和H2S(g)。
平衡时容器内的压力为66.8kPa。
若放入NH4HS(s)时容器中已有40.0 kPa的
H2S(g)，计算25℃下平衡时容器中气体的压力。
四.(20分)苯的正常沸点为80℃，气化焓为393 J/g。
计算25℃时苯的蒸气压及26.7 kPa下苯的沸点。
五.(20分)将反应Hg2Cl2(s) + H2[p(H2)] == 2 Hg(l) + 2 HCl[b(HCl)] 设计成电池(写出电池表示式)。
若p(H2)=101.3 kPa，b(HCl)=0.1 mol/kg时，测得进行该反应的电池电动势与绝对温度T呈直线关系，直线斜率为1.88×10－3 V/K，截距为0.0694 V，计算25℃时所设计电池的电动势及电池反应的Δr H m、Δr S m和Δ
G m。
r
六.(20分)乙酸甲酯和碱的皂化反应
CH3COOCH3 + NaOH == CH3COONa + CH3OH
对碱和酯分别为一级。
298 K下，用等体积、同浓度(0.02 mol·dm－3)的酯溶液与碱溶液相混，反应5 min后测得溶液中碱的浓度为6.34×10－3 mol·dm－3，计算：
(1) 反应的速率常数；
(2) 反应10 min后，溶液中酯的浓度；
(3) 酯的半衰期；
(4) 若用浓度均为0.01 mol·dm－3的等体积酯溶液与碱溶液相混进行反应，酯的半衰期。
七.(8分)气相反应：
2 HI ─ H2 + I2
在283℃和300℃下的速率常数分别为3.50×10－7 dm3·mol－1·s－1 和 1.14×10－6 dm3·mol－1·s－1。
计算此反应的活化能。
八.(12分) 20℃下水的表面张力为72.75 mN·m－1，密度为103 kg·m－3。
若在0℃ ~ 100 ℃范围内可将水的蒸发热看作常数，Δvap H m = 40.67 kJ/mol，计算20℃时，半径为10－7 cm水滴的饱和蒸气压。