Note on the growth of Area functions

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《职通商务英语》(第二版)听说教程教师用书1 第一册 Unit 6 教师用书

《职通商务英语》(第二版)听说教程教师用书1 第一册 Unit 6 教师用书

Unit 6 Housing Use the key terms, words and expressions for talking about housing. Engage in a series of communication activities concerning housing. Section I Lead-in This task provides listening practice for using the key words. 1. Play the recording the first time. Say, please fill in the blanks according to what you ’ve heard. 2. Play the recording a second time. Ask two pairs of students to write down their answers on the blackboard. 3. Check the answers. Directions: In this task, you will hear five statements. Each statement will be spokentwice. Listen carefully and supply the missing information.1. Location: 18th floor, Yinhua building, Y-I-N-H-U-A, Changsha, Hunan.2. Layout: 108 square meters with 3 bed-rooms, 1 living room, 2 baths, 1 kitchen, 1 dining room3. They say you should spend about 40% of your income on housing. That’s about $272.4. You’ll need about $30 or $40 a month for the utilities, including electricity, gas, and telephone.5. For more information: Real Estate Agent: Call Jesse Lee, J-E-S-S-E . TEACHINGSUGGESTIONSTAPE SCRIPTS AND ANSWERS OBJECTIVESSection II Background Information Task 1 Part A 1. Play the recording the first time . Ask the students to check if they know all the words and phrases. Ask them to circle those words or phrases that they don ’t know. 2. Play the recording a second time. Ask the students to find out the meanings of the words or phrases they don ’t know. They can do this by asking classmates or using a dictionary. 3. After the students have written down their new words, ask them to share their lists with other students. This can be done informally, in pairs, in small groups or in class. Part B This section provides speaking practice for using the technical terms provided. Task 1 Directions: Listen to and read after the recording. Take notes whilethe teacher is explaining the text.Real Estate IndustryReal estate is one of the basic means of livelihood; it is also a significant index of a country’s economic development and living standard.TEACHING SUGGESTIONSTAPE SCRIPTSAND ANSWERSWith the development of private property ownership, real estate has become a major area of business. Purchasing real estate requires a significant investment, and each parcel of land has unique characteristics, so the real estate industry has evolved into several distinct domains: Appraisal,Brokerages, Development, Property management, Real estate marketing, Real estate investing, Relocation services, Corporate Real Estate. 参考译文:房地产是最根本的生活资料之一,也是衡量一国经济和生活水平的重要标志。

AATCC 174-1998(2007)地毯抗微生物活性的评定(英文)

AATCC 174-1998(2007)地毯抗微生物活性的评定(英文)

Copyright © 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 312TM 174-1998AATCC Technical Manual/2007Developed in 1991 by Committee RA31;revised 1992; editorially revised and re-affirmed 1993; reaffirmed 1998; editori-ally revised 2004.1. Purpose and Scope1.1 This test method is designed to determine the antimicrobial activity of new carpet materials and consists of three procedures:1.1.1 A qualitative antibacterial assess-ment.1.1.2 A quantitative antibacterial assess-ment.1.1.3 A qualitative antifungal assess-ment.1.2 This test method may also be used to evaluate the effect of a cleaning process (agreed upon by the interested parties) on the antimicrobial resistance of carpets.2. Principle2.1 This test method consists of three procedures, the principles of which are given in Sections 6, 14 and 22.3. Terminology3.1 activity, n.—of an antimicrobial agent , a measure of effectiveness of the agent.3.2 antibacterial agent, n.—any chem-ical which kills bacteria (bactericide) or interferes with the multiplication, growth or activity of bacteria (bacteriostat).3.3 antifungal agent, n.—any chemi-cal which kills or inhibits the growth of fungi.3.4 antimicrobial agent, n.—any chemical which kills or inhibits thegrowth of microorganisms.3.5 bacterial resistance, n.—in tex-tiles , resistance to the development of visible bacterial growth and accompany-ing odors, resulting from bacterial degra-dation of fibers or soil on them, as distin-guished from musty fungal odors.3.6 mildew resistance, n.—in textiles ,resistance to the development of un-sightly fungal growths and accompany-ing unpleasant, musty odors on carpet materials exposed to conditions favoring such growths.3.7 rot resistance, n.—in textiles , re-sistance to deterioration of a carpet mate-rial as a result of fungal growth in or on it.3.8 zone of inhibition, n.—clear area of no growth of a microorganism, cul-tured onto the surface of agar growth medium, in proximity to the borders of a specimen placed in direct contact withthis agar surface.NOTE: A zone of inhibition occurs as result of the diffusion of an antimicrobial agent from the specimen.4. Safety PrecautionsNOTE: These safety precautions are for information purposes only. The pre-cautions are ancillary to the testing proce-dures and are not intended to be all inclu-sive. It is the user’s responsibility to use safe and proper techniques in handling materials in this test method. Manufac-turers MUST be consulted for specific details such as material safety data sheets and other manufacturer’s recommenda-tions. All OSHA standards and rules must also be consulted and followed.4.1 This test should be performed only by trained personnel. The U.S. Depart-ment of Health and Human Services pub-lication Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories should be con-sulted (see 27.1).4.2 CAUTION: Some of the microor-ganisms used in these tests are allergenic and pathogenic; i.e., capable of infecting humans and producing disease. There-fore, every necessary and reasonable pre-caution must be taken to eliminate this risk to the laboratory personnel and to personnel in the associated environment.Wear protective clothing, respiratory pro-tection, and impervious gloves when working with the organisms. NOTE:Choose respiratory protection that pre-vents penetration by the spores.4.3 Good laboratory practices should be followed. Wear safety glasses in all laboratory areas.4.4 All chemicals should be handled with care.4.5 An eyewash/safety shower should be located nearby for emergency use.4.6 Sterilize all contaminated samples and test materials prior to disposal.4.7 Exposure to chemicals used in this procedure must be controlled at or below levels set by government authorities (e.g.,Occupational Safety and Health Admin-istration’s [OSHA] permissible exposure limits [PEL] as found in 29 CFR 1910.1000 of January 1, 1989). In addi-tion, the American Conference of Gov-ernmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH)Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) com-prised of time weighted averages (TLV-TWA), short term exposure limits (TLV-STEL) and ceiling limits (TLV-C) are recommended as a general guide for air contaminant exposure which should be met (see 27.2).5. Uses and Limitations5.1 This test method is designed for use only for new carpets and must not be used for carpets that have been laid down and worn.I. Qualitative Assessment of Antibacterial Activity on Carpets:Single Streak Method 6. Principle6.1 Specimens of the test material,including corresponding untreated con-trols of the same material (if available but not required), are placed in intimate con-tact with nutrient agar which has been previously streaked with a bacterial cul-ture. After incubation, a clear area of interrupted growth underneath and along the sides of the test material indicates antibacterial activity of the specimen.Standard strains of bacteria are used with Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive)and Klebsiella pneumoniae (Gram nega-tive), the representative organisms.7. Test Organisms7.1 Staphylococcus aureus , American Type Culture Collection No. 6538 (see 27.3).7.2 Klebsiella pneumoniae , American Type Culture Collection No. 4352 (see 27.3).8. Culture Medium8.1 Suitable broth/agar media are Nu-trient, Trypticase Soy and Brain-Heart In-fusion (BHI).8.2 Nutrient Broth Beef Extract 3 g Peptone 5 g Distilled water to 1000 mL 8.3 Heat to a boil to disperse ingredi-ents. Adjust to pH 6.8 with 1N sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. (This is not necessary if prepared, dehydrated me-dium is used.)8.4 Dispense in 10 mL amounts in con-ventional bacteriological culture tubes (i.e., 125 × 17 mm) plug and sterilize at 103 kPa (15 psi) for 15 min.8.5 Nutrient Agar (see 27.4). Add 1.5% bacteriological agar to nutrient broth. Heat to boiling. Check pH and ad-just to 7.0-7.2 using NaOH solution if necessary. Dispense in 15 mL amounts in conventional bacteriological culture tubes, plug and sterilize at 103 kPa (15psi) for 15 min.AATCC Test Method 174-1998Antimicrobial Activity Assessment of CarpetsCopyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and ColoristsProvided by IHS under license with AATCCLicensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`````,``````,,``,`,,,```,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---标准 下载Copyright © 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists AATCC Technical Manual/2007TM 174-19983139.Maintenance of Culture of TestOrganisms9.1 Using a 4 mm inoculating loop,transfer the culture daily in nutrient broth for not more than two weeks. At the con-clusion of two weeks, make a fresh trans-plant from stock culture. Incubate cul-tures at 37 ± 2°C (99 ± 3°F).9.2 Maintain stock cultures on nutrient agar slants. Store at 5 ± 1°C (41 ± 2°F)and transfer once a month to fresh agar (see 27.5).10. Test Specimens10.1 Test specimens (non-sterile) are cut by hand or with a die. They may be any convenient size although oblong spec-imens cut 25 × 50 mm are recommended.10.2 If possible, test a specimen of the same material treated in exactly the same way with whatever other finishing agents were used, but without the antibacterial agent. However, this is not essential for the validity of the test. Many standard fin-ishing chemicals will give strong antibac-terial activity even after many cleanings.11. Procedure11.1 If durability data are desired, car-pet specimens must be tested before and after being cleaned by a test method agreed upon by the interested parties.11.2 Dispense sterilized nutrient agar cooled to 45 ± 2°C (113 ± 4°F) by pour-ing 15.0 ± 2.0 mL into each 100.0 mm di-ameter flat bottomed Petri dish. Allow agar to gel firmly before inoculating.11.3 Prepare inoculum by transferring 1.0 ± 0.1 mL of a 24 h broth culture into 9.0 ± 0.1 mL of sterile distilled water contained in a test tube or small flask.Mix well using appropriate agitation.11.4 Using a 4 mm inoculating loop,load one loopful of the diluted inoculum and transfer it to the surface of the sterile agar plate by making one long streak of approximately 75 mm in length across the center of the plate. Do not break the sur-face of the agar while making the streak.11.5 Gently press the test specimen transversely across the inoculum streak to ensure intimate contact with the agar sur-face. An easy technique is to press the specimen to the agar surface with a biolog-ical section lifter or with a spatula which has been sterilized in a flame and then air-cooled immediately before use. Test both the pile (face fibers) and the backing of the carpet on separate agar plates.11.6 Incubate the plates at 37 ± 2°C (99± 3°F) for 18-24 h.12. Evaluation and Report12.1 Examine the incubated plates for interruption of growth along the streak of inoculum beneath the specimen and for a clear zone of inhibition beyond the speci-men edge. The width of the zone of inhi-bition around the test specimen may be calculated using the following equation:W = (T – D )/2where:W =width of clear zone of inhibitionin mmT =total diameter of test specimenand clear zone in mmD =diameter of the test specimen inmm12.2 The criterion for passing the test must be agreed upon by the interested parties. To constitute acceptable antibac-terial activity, there must be no bacterial colonies directly under the sample in the contact area.12.3 Report the results of testing the carpet both before and after cleaning. The number of cleanings is to be agreed upon by the interested parties.12.4 The size of the zone cannot be construed as a quantitative evaluation of antibacterial activity. The report of results will include an observation of zones of inhibition and growth under the specimen if present.13. Precision and Bias13.1 A precision and bias statement is not applicable because data are not gener-ated by this method.II. Quantitative Assessment of Antibacterial Activity on Carpets 14. Principle14.1 This test method provides a quan-titative procedure for the evaluation of the degree of antibacterial activity.14.2 Test carpets are inoculated with the test organisms. After incubation, the bacteria are eluted from the swatches by shaking in known amounts of liquid. The number of bacteria present in this liquid is determined, and the percent reduction by the specimen is calculated (see 27.7).15. Test Organisms15.1 See Section 7.16. Culture Medium16.1 See Section 8.17.Maintenance of Culture of TestOrganisms17.1 See Section 9.18. Test Specimens18.1 Cut a circular disc of approxi-mately 48 mm in diameter from the test carpet (preferably with a steel die). Place the disc in a 250 mL wide-mouth glass jar with screw cap. The carpet disc should lie flat at the bottom of the jar.18.1.1 An uninoculated treated carpet may be used to determine the level of background organisms present on the car-pet.18.1.2 Do not sterilize carpet samples prior to testing. Sections 18.1.1 and 20.3address any problems that might arise due to the presence of background organ-isms on the carpet.19. Procedure19.1 If durability data are required, test carpet specimens before and after being cleaned in accordance with a method agreed upon by the interested parties.19.2 Apply 0.1-0.5 mL of an 18-24 h broth bacterial inoculum adjusted to 1-2× 105 CFU on the prewetted carpet fibers.The dilution of the test organism may be prepared in sterile 0.85% saline solution or suitable buffer if a steady-state culture is needed during the contact period. If,however, this test is to be performed un-der in-use conditions, use nutrient broth as the dilution medium. The carpet disc may be prewetted by dipping it in sterile deionized water or in water containing 0.05% of a non-bacteriocidal wetting agent (see 27.6) and then briefly blotting it on filter paper.19.3 Inoculate the carpet fibers evenly using a sterile pipette and place the speci-men in a glass jar. Screw the jar top on tightly to prevent evaporation.19.4 As soon as possible after inocula-tion (0 contact time), add 100 ± 0.1 mL of neutralizer solution to the jar (see 27.9).19.5 Shake the jar, either mechanically or by hand, vigorously for 1 min. Make serial dilutions and plate (in duplicate) on nutrient (or appropriate) agar. Dilutions of 100, 101 and 102 are usually suitable.19.6 The neutralizer solution should include ingredients to neutralize the spe-cific antibacterial carpet treatment and to adjust the pH to 6-8. Report the neutral-izer used.19.7 Incubation over contact periods. In-cubate additional jars containing inoc-ulated carpet discs at 37 ± 2°C (99 ± 3°F)for 6-24 h. Similar jars may be incubated over other periods (i.e., 1 or 6 h) to provide information about the bacteriocidal activ-ity of the treatment over such periods.19.8 Sampling of inoculated and incu-bated swatches. After incubation, add 100 ± 0.1 mL of neutralizer solution to jars containing treated carpet discs.Shake the jars vigorously for 1 min.Make serial dilutions and plate (in dupli-cate) on nutrient (or appropriate) agar.Dilutions of 100, 101 and 102 are usually suitable for treated test specimens. Sev-eral different dilutions may be required for untreated control carpets depending on the incubation period.19.9 Incubate all plates for 24 h at 37 ±2°C (99 ± 3°F).Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCCLicensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`````,``````,,``,`,,,```,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---标准 下载Copyright © 2006 American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists 314TM 174-1998AATCC Technical Manual/200720. Evaluation20.1 Report bacterial counts as the number of bacteria per specimen not asthe number of bacteria per mL of neutral-izer solution. Report 0 counts at 100 dilu-tion as “less than 100.”20.2 Calculate percent reduction of bacteria by the specimen treatments by one of the following formulas:1)100(B – A )/B = R 2)100(C – A )/C = R 3)100(D – A /D ) = R where:A =the number of bacteria recoveredfrom the inoculated treated test carpet in the jar incubated over the desired contact period.B =the number of bacteria recovered from the inoculated treated test carpet in the jar immediately af-ter inoculation (at 0 contact time).C =the number of bacteria recoveredfrom the inoculated untreated control carpet in the jar immedi-ately after inoculation (at 0 con-tact time). If B and C are not sim-ilar, the larger number should be used. If B and C are not signifi-cantly different, (B + C )/2 should be used.D = (B + C )/2R =% reduction20.3 If an untreated control for carpet is not available, use the following calcula-tion which allows for any background or-ganisms that might interfere with the test:Bg = 100 {(B – E ) – (A – F )/B – E }where:A ,B =(see20.2).E =the number of bacteria initially (0contact time) recovered from the uninoculated, treated test carpet (existing background organisms).F =The number of bacteria are cov-ered from the uninoculated,prewet treated test carpet after incubation in the jar over the desired contact period (existing background organisms after contact period).Bg =background organisms20.4 The criterion for passing the test must be determined by the interested parties.20.5 Report the dilution medium used.20.6 Report the results of testing the carpet both before and after cleaning. The number of cleanings is to be determined by the interested parties.21. Precision and Bias21.1 Studies (see 27.8) indicate the fol-lowing within-laboratory precision of the Standard Plate Count (SPC) Test: (a)among-analyst variation of 18%, and (b)within-analyst variation of 8%.III. Antifungal Activity Assessment of Carpet Materials: Mildew and Rot Resistance of Carpet Materials 22. Principle22.1 The carpet is subjected to the growth of a common fungus on a nutrient agar medium.23. Test Specimens23.1 Cut 38.0 ± 1.0 mm (1.5 ± 0.04 in.)diameter discs from the sample. Other shapes and sizes can be used provided the anticipated sizes of growth-free zones are taken into consideration.24. Test Procedure24.1 If durability data are required, car-pet specimens must be tested before and after being cleaned in accordance with a method agreed upon by the interested parties.24.2 Organism: Aspergillus niger ,American Type Culture Collection No.6275 (see 27.1).24.3 Culture medium: Sabouraud dex-trose agar (see 27.2).24.4 Inoculum: Add scrapings from a slant of ripe (7-14 days) fruiting culture of Aspergillus niger grown on the Sab-ouraud dextrose agar to a sterile Erlen-meyer flask containing 50 ± 2 mL of ster-ile water and a few glass beads. Shake the flask thoroughly to bring the spores into suspension. With the aid of a hemocy-tometer or a Petroff-Hausser bacteria counter, adjust the inoculum to contain one million conidia per milliliter, using sterile distilled water.24.5 Inoculation: Distribute 1.0 ± 0.1mL of the inoculum over the surface of the agar. Prewet the carpet fibers by dip-ping the carpet disc in sterile deionized water or in water containing 0.05% of a nonionic wetting agent (see 27.6), and then briefly blotting on filter paper. Dis-tribute evenly over each disc 0.2 mL of fungal spore inoculum by means of a ster-ile pipette. Inoculate the carpet specimens with the face fibers up and also with the fibers down in separate petri dishes. Incu-bate the inoculated plates at 28 ± 1°C (82± 2°F) for seven days. Longer periods of incubation may be used to provide infor-mation about antifungal activity.25. Evaluation and Report25.1 Assess the activity of the carpet as follows:25.1.1 From the plate with the speci-men whose pile is down and whose back-ing is up, observe and measure the size of any growth-free zone (in mm) produced by the pile fibers. Also from the same plate, record fungal growth on the back-ing according to the scheme below.25.1.2 From the other plate with thespecimen whose backing is down and whose pile is uppermost, observe and measure the size of any growth-free zone (in mm) from the backing and score the fungal growth on the pile side according to the scheme given below.25.1.3 Scoring Scheme:Observed Growth on SpecimenNo growth (if present, report the size of the growth-free zone in milli-meters)Microscopic Growth (visible only under the microscope)Macroscopic Growth (visible to the eye)26. Precision and Bias26.1 A precision and bias statement is not applicable because data are not gener-ated by this method.27. Notes and References27.1 American Type Culture Collection,P.O. Box 1549, Manassas V A 20108; tel: 703/365-2700; fax: 703/365-2701.27.2 Dehydrated agar may be obtained from Difco Laboratories, 920 Henry St., De-troit MI 48201. Dehydrated agar and broth can be custom formulated, upon request, from Baltimore Biological Laboratories, 250 Schill-ing Cir., Cockeysville MD 21030.27.3 Consistent and accurate testing re-quires maintenance of a pure, uncontaminated,non-mutant test culture. Avoid contamination by using good sterile technique in plating and transferring. Avoid mutation by strict adher-ence to monthly stock transfers. Check culture purity by making streak plates periodically and observing for single species-characteristic type of colonies.27.4 Publication available from U.S. De-partment of Health and Human Services CDC/NIH-HHS Publication No. (CDC) 84-8395.27.5 Booklet available from Publications Office, ACGIH, Kemper Woods Center, 1330Kemper Meadow Dr., Cincinnati OH 45240;tel: 513/742-2020.27.6 Triton™ X-100 (Union Carbide Chemicals and Plastics Co., 39 Old Ridgebury Rd., Danbury CT 06817) has been found to be a good wetting agent. Suitable alternatives are dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate or N-methyl-tauride derivatives.27.7 The presence of antimicrobials and/or monomers in the backing of some carpets whose face fibers have not been treated may influence the results of the antibacterial quan-titative test method. Positive and favorable re-sults from this test method are not sufficient to qualify a carpet as being antimicrobial. A U.S.EPA registered biocide must be used in some part of the carpet before an antimicrobial claim can be made.27.8 Peeler, J. T., J. W. Leslie and J. W.Messer, Replicate counting errors by analysts and bacterial colony counters. Journal of Food Protection , V ol. 45, 1982, pp238-240.27.9 The following are examples of ingre-dients and their concentrations that may be added to the culture medium to neutralize in-hibitory substances present in the sample: soy lecithin, 0.5%; and Polysorbate™ 20 and 80,4.0% (ICI Americas Inc., Concord Pike and New Murphy Rd., Wilmington DE 19897; tel:800/456-3669; fax: 302/652-8836).Copyright The American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists Provided by IHS under license with AATCCLicensee=Hong Kong Polytechnic Univ/9976803100Not for Resale, 03/24/2007 04:07:53 MDTNo reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS--`````,``````,,``,`,,,```,,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---标准 下载。

国际商务英语综合教程(第三版) Chapter 6

国际商务英语综合教程(第三版)    Chapter 6
(Teachers should note that here we only give you some of the language points, you may add some by yourself.)
1. A market economy is an economic system in which prices determine how resources will be used and how products will be distributed. 市场经济是一种经济体制,在这种体制中价格决定如何 使用资源和如何分配产品。 1)In which 引导的定语从句修饰主句的表语economic system.译为“在这种经济体制中,价格决定……” 2)how resources will be used and how products will be distributed.两个how 引导的宾语从句作定语从句谓 语动词determine的宾语,译为“价格决定如何使用资 源和如何分配产品。”
5) What is price and its influence?
Price is the quantity of money or other products paid in exchange for something else. Therefore, the current price of something influences how much of it is produced and how much of it is consumed.
在商业中只有当有人既想得到某种商品或服务同时具有买下它的购买力时才会存在对于这种商品或服务的需求
Chapter 6 Market Economy

英语作文关于大学生如何利用人工智能

英语作文关于大学生如何利用人工智能

英语作文关于大学生如何利用人工智能全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1AI: The Future is Now for College StudentsAs a college student in this day and age, it's hard not to be amazed by the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology. AI seems to have gone from a far-off concept in science fiction movies to a very real and powerful tool that is transforming how we live, work, and learn. While AI still has a long way to go, I believe it's crucial for my generation to understand and embrace this technology if we want to succeed in the future.Of course, many people have concerns about AI, fearing that smart machines will make human labor obsolete or that advanced AI systems could eventually become a threat to humanity itself. However, I think a lot of that anxiety stems from not fully grasping what AI currently is and is not capable of. Modern AI is incredibly advanced at certain specialized tasks like data analysis, pattern recognition, and language processing. But AI today is what's known as "narrow" or "weak" AI, meaning itcan only excel at specific functions it was trained for. We are nowhere close to achieving artificial general intelligence (AGI) that could replicate the full intellect and reasoning capabilities of the human mind.So rather than be afraid of AI, I believe my generation should focus on learning how to effectively leverage and work alongside these incredibly useful technologies to enhance our productivity and skills. Here are some of the key ways I see AI benefiting college students today:Writing AssistanceLet's face it - writing essays, research papers, and long-form content is one of the biggest pain points for students. AI writing tools can make this process much easier by helping to catch grammar/spelling errors, suggesting better word choices, checking for plagiarism, and even generating rough drafts from an outline. AI won't completely replace human writing anytime soon, but it can streamline the process significantly.Research and Information GatheringThe Internet gives us access to more information than any single human could ever consume. AI search assistants and question-answering bots can help sift through all that data muchmore intelligently and efficiently. Rather than getting lost down Internet rabitholes, AI can quickly surface relevant facts, insights, and sources for research topics.Studying and TutoringThanks to advances in natural language processing, AI tutors can engage in remarkably natural language dialogues to explain complex topics, answer follow-up questions, provide examples, and pinpoint knowledge gaps - all at any time of day at the student's convenience. Some AI tutoring apps篇2Harnessing the Power of AI: A College Student's GuideAs a college student in the rapidly evolving digital age, I can't help but feel both excited and intimidated by the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI). On one hand, AI promises to revolutionize the way we learn, work, and live. On the other hand, the sheer scope of its potential can be overwhelming, leaving many of us unsure of how to harness its power effectively.Before we delve into the practical applications of AI, let's first understand what it is. At its core, AI refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, particularlycomputer systems. These processes include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language processing. AI has already permeated various aspects of our lives, from virtual assistants like Siri and Alexa to recommendation systems on streaming platforms.For college students, AI presents a plethora of opportunities to enhance our academic journeys and future careers. However, it's crucial to approach this technology with a balanced mindset, recognizing both its potential and limitations.Research and Information GatheringOne of the most significant advantages of AI for college students is its ability to streamline research and information gathering. Advanced search algorithms and natural language processing technologies can help us sift through vast amounts of data, identifying relevant sources and extracting key insights more efficiently than traditional methods.AI-powered research assistants can aid in literature reviews, data analysis, and even suggest new avenues for exploration based on existing knowledge. This not only saves time but also enhances the quality and depth of our research endeavors.Personalized Learning ExperiencesAI has the potential to revolutionize education by offering personalized learning experiences tailored to individual needs and learning styles. Adaptive learning platforms can analyze a student's strengths, weaknesses, and progress, adjusting the content and pace accordingly.AI-driven tutoring systems can provide real-time feedback, identify knowledge gaps, and offer targeted support. Furthermore, virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies, powered by AI, can create immersive learning environments, making abstract concepts more tangible and engaging.Creative Exploration and IdeationContrary to popular belief, AI is not just about crunching numbers or processing data. It can also be a powerful tool for creative exploration and ideation. AI-powered writing assistants, for instance, can help us overcome writer's block, suggest creative prompts, and even generate entire passages based on our input.Similarly, AI can be leveraged in areas like design, music composition, and art, offering new perspectives and inspiring novel creations. By collaborating with AI, we can push theboundaries of our creative potential and explore ideas that may have been overlooked or deemed too complex.Time Management and ProductivityAs college students, we often juggle multiple responsibilities, from classes and assignments to extracurricular activities and part-time jobs. AI can be a valuable ally in managing our time and boosting productivity.Intelligent scheduling assistants can help us optimize our calendars, prioritize tasks, and even suggest productivity techniques based on our habits and preferences. AI-powered note-taking and study aid tools can help us stay organized, streamline our learning processes, and retain information more effectively.Career Exploration and Skill DevelopmentLooking ahead, AI will undoubtedly shape the future job market, creating new opportunities while rendering some traditional roles obsolete. As college students, it's essential to stay ahead of the curve and develop the skills necessary to thrive in an AI-driven workforce.AI can assist us in exploring various career paths, identifying our strengths and weaknesses, and recommending relevantcourses, certifications, or training programs. Online coding platforms and AI-powered tutorials can help us acquirein-demand skills, such as programming, data analysis, and machine learning, preparing us for the jobs of tomorrow.However, amidst these exciting possibilities, it's crucial to approach AI with a critical and ethical mindset. We must be aware of potential biases and limitations within AI systems, as well as the risks of over-reliance on technology.Additionally, we should strive to understand the ethical implications of AI, particularly in areas like privacy, security, and the responsible development and deployment of these technologies. As future leaders and innovators, it's our responsibility to ensure that AI is used in a way that benefits society while upholding our values and principles.In conclusion, AI presents a wealth of opportunities for college students to enhance our learning experiences, boost productivity, and prepare for the future job market. By embracing this technology with a balanced and ethical approach, we can harness its power to unlock new realms of knowledge, creativity, and personal growth.As we navigate the rapidly evolving AI landscape, let us approach it with curiosity, critical thinking, and a commitment tousing it responsibly for the betterment of ourselves and society as a whole.篇3AI and Me: Harnessing the Power of Artificial Intelligence as a College StudentAs a current college student, I can't help but be in awe of the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) that have taken place in recent years. What once seemed like the stuff of science fiction is now an integral part of our daily lives, from the virtual assistants on our smartphones to the recommendation algorithms that suggest our next Netflix binge. But beyond these consumer-facing applications, AI has the potential to revolutionize the way we learn, study, and approach our academic pursuits. In this essay, I'll explore how college students like myself can harness the power of AI to enhance our educational experience and better prepare for the future.One of the most promising applications of AI in education is its ability to personalize learning. Traditional classroom settings often struggle to cater to the individual needs and learning styles of each student. With AI, however, adaptive learning platforms can analyze a student's strengths, weaknesses, and preferences,and tailor the content and delivery accordingly. Imagine anAI-powered tutoring system that can identify the specific areas where you're struggling and provide personalized explanations, examples, and practice exercises to help you grasp the concepts more effectively. This level of customization has the potential to significantly improve learning outcomes and make the educational experience more engaging and rewarding.Another area where AI can be a game-changer for college students is in the realm of research and information gathering. The sheer volume of information available online can be overwhelming, and sifting through countless sources to find relevant and reliable information can be a daunting task.AI-powered search engines and research assistants can help streamline this process by intelligently filtering and organizing information based on your specific needs and interests. Imagine being able to ask a virtual research assistant a complex question and receive a comprehensive summary drawing from the most authoritative and up-to-date sources. This could save countless hours of manual research and enable us to delve deeper into our areas of study.AI can also be a powerful tool for enhancing our writing and communication skills, which are essential for academic andprofessional success. AI-powered writing assistants can analyze our writing for grammar, style, and coherence, providing valuable feedback and suggestions for improvement. Furthermore, natural language processing (NLP) technologies can help us better understand and communicate in multiple languages, opening up new opportunities for cross-cultural exchange and global collaboration.Beyond these academic applications, AI can also assist college students in navigating the various challenges and responsibilities。

容恺托福--阅读长难句(泰格)

容恺托福--阅读长难句(泰格)

2、分词短语打头
句子呈现三段(或三段以上)的长句式 解决方法:理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与 主语之间是主动关系;而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。
Working in a century-old schoolhouse in the village of Marland, Pennsylvania, the Conservancy’s Bud Smith is working with local people and business leaders to balance economic growth and environmental protection. Note:Conservancy 大自然保护协会
1、 主语或宾语拉长 解决方法:有效分解主谓成分,断开之后各 个击破。
In Africa I met a boy,who was crying ————————————————— as if his heart would break and said,when I spoke to him,that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.
2、分词短语打头
句子呈现三段(或三段以上)的长句式 解决方法:理清主动和被动关系。一般来说现在分词与 主语之间是主动关系;而过去分词与主语之间是被动关系。
Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. (TPO) Note:it refers to society

校园写作英语作文

校园写作英语作文

校园写作英语作文Campus writing is an integral part of the academic experience for students around the world. Whether it is crafting a research paper, composing a persuasive essay, or reflecting on a personal experience, the act of putting pen to paper or fingers to keyboard allows students to develop critical thinking skills, hone their communication abilities, and express their unique perspectives. In the campus setting, writing serves as a powerful tool for learning, self-discovery, and intellectual growth.One of the primary functions of campus writing is to facilitate the learning process. Through the act of research, analysis, and synthesis, students are able to delve deeper into course materials, engage with complex ideas, and demonstrate their understanding of key concepts. The process of writing a research paper, for example, requires students to thoroughly investigate a topic, evaluate credible sources, and construct a well-reasoned argument. This exercise not only enhances their knowledge of the subject matter but also develops their critical thinking skills, as they must carefully consider multiple viewpoints and draw logical conclusions.Moreover, campus writing encourages students to become more effective communicators. Whether it is crafting a persuasive essay, a reflective journal entry, or a creative piece of fiction, the act of writing forces students to organize their thoughts, choose their words carefully, and convey their ideas in a clear and compelling manner. This skill set is invaluable not only in the academic realm but also in the professional world, where the ability to communicate effectively is a highly sought-after attribute.In addition to its academic and professional applications, campus writing can also serve as a powerful tool for self-discovery and personal growth. Through the process of reflecting on their experiences, emotions, and beliefs, students can gain a deeper understanding of themselves and their place in the world. The act of writing can be a cathartic experience, allowing students to process their thoughts and feelings in a safe and constructive manner. Moreover, the feedback and guidance provided by professors and peers can help students to develop a greater sense of self-awareness and confidence in their own voice.One of the unique aspects of campus writing is the collaborative nature of the process. In many cases, students are required to participate in peer review sessions, where they provide constructive feedback on each other's work. This not only helps to improve thequality of the final product but also fosters a sense of community and mutual support among the students. By engaging in this collaborative process, students learn to give and receive constructive criticism, to consider multiple perspectives, and to work together towards a common goal.Furthermore, campus writing can serve as a powerful platform for social and political engagement. Through the act of writing, students can raise awareness about important issues, challenge existing norms and assumptions, and advocate for change. Whether it is a persuasive essay on environmental sustainability, a reflective piece on the experiences of marginalized communities, or a creative work that explores themes of justice and equality, campus writing can be a powerful tool for social and political transformation.However, it is important to note that the process of campus writing is not without its challenges. Many students struggle with writer's block, time management, and the pressure to produce high-quality work. Additionally, the increasing emphasis on digital literacy and multimodal composition has added new layers of complexity to the writing process, as students must not only hone their traditional writing skills but also become proficient in the use of various digital tools and platforms.Despite these challenges, the importance of campus writing cannotbe overstated. By engaging in the writing process, students not only develop essential academic and professional skills but also cultivate a deeper sense of self-awareness, critical thinking, and social responsibility. As they navigate the complexities of the modern world, the ability to effectively communicate their ideas and advocate for their beliefs will be crucial to their success and the betterment of society as a whole.In conclusion, campus writing is a fundamental component of the academic experience, serving as a powerful tool for learning, self-discovery, and social change. Through the act of writing, students are able to deepen their understanding of course materials, hone their communication abilities, and explore their own thoughts and feelings. As they continue to engage in this process, they will undoubtedly emerge as more well-rounded, informed, and empowered individuals, ready to make a meaningful contribution to the world around them.。

Report范文及批注

Report范文及批注

REPORTReport 由table of contents, executive summary, introduction, body, conclusion, reference六部分组成,下面以这篇文章为例,教你如何写作一篇符合格式要求的report全文统一用times new roman字体,小四,1.5倍行距report中,如果题目是假如你是某公司CEO或其他某个角色,可以使用第一人称,如果没有这样主人翁的假设,还是不能用第1,2人称。

这点注意和essay的区别。

内容方面:1,report实践性更重一点,少写理论,多结合实际情况分析。

对于某些case analysis 的report来说,一定要针对客户提供的case来做分析,而不是自由发挥和滥用无关联的理论。

所有分析都必须针对case里的内容来进行。

2,数据和图表的使用很重要。

如果用到某公司几年内的某一项数据的变化,可以先列数据表格,再用柱状图、馅饼图或曲线图进行直观反映。

3.1.2 Internal Weaknesses (6)3.2 External Opportunities and Threats (7)3.2.1 PESTLE analysis (7)3.2.2 Opportunities (9)3.2.3 Threats (10)3.3 Competitor Analysis (11)3.4 Market Segment Analysis (13)4.0 Mission Statement (16)5.0 Organisational Goals and Objectives (17)6.0 Strategies (18)customers. Adjustments and arrangements can be made according to customer’s preference, timeframe and religious belief.Beaufords is experiencing some difficulties with their operation and management. Due to the scale of the organisation, Beaufords is facing limited space in terms of expanding establishment due to Totara park been owned by Local Council. Staff management is also a problem; there is not enough staff during dinner hour causing inconsistent service level. Seasonality is affecting Beaufords during winter where few functions were booked during each month.In order to improve those weaknesses, this marketing plan also identifies and discusses some market strategies. The main purpose of these strategies is to focus on marketing that Beaufords needs to consider in terms of how much markets and products they want to offer.According to the strategies, this marketing plan has designed an action plan which will specify activities implemented to achieve organisational goals. A control and review of the action plan is included to specify how activities can be controlled and measured.bought this property about 7 years ago and renovated it into a fascinating venue for wedding and function. Beaufords offers unique dining area inside of the homestead, bar facility and a dance floor upstairs. This organisation also provides renowned buffet menus with three options and the choice of cocktail menus for informal function. The outdoor marquee dining area can cover up to 100 guests or 170 with marquee extension, while the homestead can cover 70 guests maximum. However the garden marquee is available for only summer season. The business has experienced its introduction and growth stage with its product and services. It is now in its maturity stage where it has built relationships with several customers who provide function business on fixed period. The business of Beaufords is greatly affected by seasonality, where during summer there are a lot of wedding businesses and only a few during winter. This is also because Beaufords’ most profits are made from wedding functions. Its customer’s uses its wedding service only once but have recommended them to people they know and that is how Beaufords received continue business. Currently, Beaufords have employed four waiters and two chefs, John will be around to supervise staff during operation.2.0-- customers. Adjustment and arrangement can be made according to customers’ preference, timeframe and religious belief. For example, customers can add or drop some of foods on the buffet menu and they also can ask certain decorations for wedding ceremony.--2.1.2Internal Weaknesses同理:分点点讨论,先把要点列出,然后再进行论述或解释-Limited Space: Beaufords is located in Totara Park and remaining land in Totara Park belongs to Local Council therefore difficult to expand.-Staff Shortage: Every wait staff are student and part-time employees at Beaufords. Moreover, there is not enough staff around when operation moves into dinner hour where services from bar are slower during those hours causing inconsistent service.-Lack of marketing sources: Beaufords only uses its own website and advertisement in yellow page as its marketing tool. They lack of information distribution channels to let potential customers know about their services.-Small indoor dining room: Maximum garden dining capacity is 170 guests with extension and maximum capacity for indoor dining area of the homestead is only 70 guests. Therefore Beaufords sometimes lose customers who want to hold large weddings.-Seasonal sales: There are a lot of weddings during summer season compare to winter season. Around 12~16 weddings on each month during summer, however there are only few weddings during winter season.-Limited Range of Menu: Beaufords has only three options of buffet menu for customers to choose from, it lacks product depth.2.22.2.1economic.Social factors: Though no evidence was shown from newspaper, database or any other proper sources, it can be seen that mostly pakeha people and Maoris held weddings in New Zealand. Other ethnic groups such as Indians, Asians prefer to hold weddings at their country of origin because most of their family live there and would be difficult to invite them here. Another trend is the education of people received today; they are more educated and have influenced their marrying decision. Most decided to marry between the age of 25 to 34 and the marrying age has being increasing since 1961. (Statistic New Zealand, 2008)Technological factors: this factor does not affect Beaufords unless it decides to upgrade its facilities. This is because most corporate that held conference at Beaufords will bring their own equipments for their presentation.Legal factors: Current legal issues that will affect Beaufords are Employment Relations Act 2000, Food Act 1981 and The Sale of Liquor Act 1989. These legislations have determined how staff is supposed to be treated including their working condition, pays etc. The food Beaudords provides to its customers must be of good condition and safe to consume. The restriction on how much alcohols can be sold to customers is also restricted and sales condition also applies to age and drivers.Environmental factors: There are numerous of competitors around Beaufords and they are not only organisations that focus on providing functions. Hotels also provide functions to customers including conference, parties and weddings. Most competitors are hotels where they provide a wide range of services and very few focus on providing function services only. Seasonality also affects Beaufords where number of wedding functions is usually around 16 a month during summer and not many was guaranteed during winter.2.2.2Opportunities-Beaufords may have improved business level if National party wins the election this year where economic might improve and people will become wealthier.-Since people are more educated they tend to save more for their future and have decided to get married between ages of 25 to 34. It is an opportunity for Beafords to target this segment and inform them about their product.-Even though Beaufords have to follow the government legislation but they use it as an opportunity to promote their services and products. For example, ‘delicious food yet safe to eat’ or ‘drink safely and celebrate’.-Beafords can focus on specialising their product and services to build up their brand where compared with large organisations it is much easier for Beaufords in terms of its less complicated organisational structure. Where large organisations will have to undergo significant changes if it decides to specialise in particular services.2.2.3Threats-In addition, some news indicated the current trend of New Zealand economy is declining (Business and Economic Research Limited, 2008). The economic depression will influence both people and organisations’ financial decisions in spending on holding events.-With petrol price increasing, most products have increased their price and have caused all businesses’ operating expense to increase including Beaufords.-If the trend in marrying age continues to change, Beaufords will have to update its marketing strategies more frequently to identify opportunities for business. This will be costly in terms of resources in labour and time invested into research.-As the most profitable product in hospitality industry is the sales of alcohol. It is a threat for Beafords because it has a limit on how much revenue can be made from each guest. If government decides to increase the drinking age for alcohol then Beaufords will loose its opportunity to make more revenue on alcohol.-With so many competitors around Beafords and comparing their organisation size, it is difficult for Beaufords to compete head on head with them. Beaufords cannot gain competitive advantage in terms of cost management where large organisations can with mass productions due to higher capacity for functions.-It is a waste to not have any events held during winter due to fix costs are still occurring. It is a threat that Beauford is eating into its profit during this season.2.3It is decided the primary competitors are the ones providing almost identical services that Beaufords provides (mainly those that provides wedding functions). It is decided to set the competitor level in this way because most of Beaufords’ profits come from providing wedding services.From research, 5 primary competitors were discovered and they are Cornwall park restaurant, Sorrento in the park, Harbour Function Centre, and Romfords. Each competitor will be briefly discussed in terms of its operation and its competitiveness against Beaufords. (See appendix for competitors’ SWOT analysis)Through analysis, Harbour Function Centre has is considered to be the most competitive rival in Beaufords’ view. It is a large establishment, buildings and facilities are in good condition, larger area for large functions, higher price set to have higher return on margin, wide range of services allowing more opportunities for customers to spread their services to potential customers. It has a higher capacity in number of guests when holding functions compared with Beaufords. Which means Harbour Function Centre can hold small to large functions whereas Beaufords can only hold small functions, as a result this gives Harbour Function Centre competitive advantage.The second most competitive rival is Cornwall park restaurant, even though it is a small establishment like Beaufords. However, there is no maximum number of guests allowedin functions which allows it to held large functions that Beaufords cannot. Its buildings and facilities are in good condition, large area as it uses One Tree Hill’s land to hold functions, higher price set to have higher return on margin. These advantages are similar to Harbour Function Centre even thought it does not provide many of the services that Harbour Function Centre provides but in place it provides restaurant dinning. With the restaurant this has given Cornwall park restaurant advantage in terms or having daily contact with customers. This gives the company more opportunity to let its dinning customers know about their other services. Based on customers’ dinning experience they will create a carry over effect on Cornwall park restaurant’s other services and recommend others to buy their services.The third most competitive rival is Romfords it is also a small establishment like Beaufords and also specialises in holding functions for weddings. Its bui ldings and facilities are in good condition and its services, products and prices are all very similar to Beaufords which makes it a close competitor to Beaufords. Unlike Beaufords, it is able to extend its area to increase maximum capacity for guests with the land around it.Lastly, Sorrento is considered to be the weakest competitor against Beaufords. Its bui ldings and facilities are also in good condition. Its maximum capacity for guests is slightly higher than Beaufords, its services and products are similar to Beaufords as well. However, its prices are high like Harbour Function Centre which may disadvantage it when customers are price sensitive and will choose Beaufords or lower price establishments.Overall it can be seen that good conditions in buildings and facilities existed in all of the companies mentioned. There is fierce competition because basic services, products areall extremely similar between all establishments. As a result it is based on customers’ level of satisfaction to ensure future business.2.4Market Segment AnalysisThis section of report is essential for Beaufords as it will guide its marketing activities by aiming at the right customers. Market segment analysis will help organisation in terms of deciding what products or services to provide and its ability to satisfy customers’ needs and wants. Benefits for effective use of market segment analysis will help Beaufords use its marketing dollars more effectively. Also helps them know what there customers are and what they want in order to accurately select the right promotional techniques. (Morrson, 2002)The overall market of Beaufords is based on its services provided and its establishmentsize includes almost every type of customers because anyone can held birthday parties at Beaufords. Corporate can held small size functions at Beaufords, unmarried couples or married couples can hold wedding functions there. Due to Beaufords establishment size it could not secure its place in the corperate function market, most corporate functions requires higher capacity for number of guests. Birthday parties are often held at home and rarely held outside in places such as Beaufords. As most of the profits are generated through holding wedding functions, it is decided the primary competitors of Beaufords are companies that can held wedding functions. This has leaded the report to analysing the potential customers out of the overall market.The rationale to choose wedding function customers as Beaufords target market is due to most business comes from providing this service since operation started. Beaufords are more experienced in providing this type of service and is building up its reputation as an excellent wedding function provider. Below is the break down of how Beaufords segments its target market.First, the minimum legal age for marriage in New Zealand is currently sixteen years old. Potential customers in overall market include any singles who are aged sixteen or over. This is because anyone who just got married or are getting married may require Beaufords’ services. Therefore, they are all potential customers of wedding functions.However, statistics shown from Statistics New Zealand (2008) says marriage rate have been decreasing since 1961 and is continuing to decrease today. In contrast, the population of New Zealand has tripled during these decades. This was due to New Zealanders not saving for their future and resulted in government introducing the ‘kiwi saver’ to help people save for their future.Further statistic has shown the majority of married couples got married between the age of twenty five and thirty four.At this stage, our market segment has been broken down to age group of twenty five or above, because they have stable income, more savings to be able to afford wedding functions.The current market segment will further break down into ethnic groups. This is because owner of Beaufords stated majority of customers (around 80%) are white people (Europeans) and remaining are Maoris and pacific islanders. Other races tend to return to their country of origin to celebrate their wedding therefore Beaufords had almost no customers from other origins. This is due to most of their relatives are over sea and it80% are aged twenty five or above. Due to the majority of couples getting married between age of twenty five and thirty four, this has lead the company focusing on attracting business from this age group. There are around 700,000 of single males and 500,000 single females. By evening the numbers there are approximately 500,000 potential businesses for Beaufords around Auckland region.3.0Mission StatementBeaufords is enthusiastic to provide high quality food and excellent services to every guests it meets. Situated in Totara Park, and surrounded by gracious Totara trees made Beaufords the ideal venue for the weddings, conferences and private functions. Moreover, Beaufords is experienced in weddings and functions.Our mission is to absolutely satisfy our guests by providing great ambiance and excellent food and service. We are also committed to accomplish special occasion ensure the satisfaction of our guests.Beaufords is devoted to discuss event plans with our guests to develop the most perfect event they will ever have on the event day.4.0Organisational Goals and ObjectivesGoals are defined as medium that an organisation wishes to achieve within certain timeframe. From this Beaufords have set goals for their operation during the next year based on the analysis shown in SWOT analysis.Develop wedding packagesDevelop new wedding package to add new source of revenue based on management fees charged by the end of September 2008.Improving customer servicesProvide staff training on customer services once every 3 months to ensure services provided are consistent.New distribution channelSign contracts with 10 bridal shops and pay commission as incentive for them to recommend our services to their customers by the end of December 2008.5.0StrategiesMorrison (2002) stated that strategy is the selection of a course of action from among several alternatives that involves specific customer groups, communication methods, distribution channels, and pricing structures. This section will list alternative strategies for Beaufords to choose from to achieve its goals and objectives.5.1Market NichersBased on the goals on improving sales, developing wedding packages, improving customer services and find new distribution channel. It is suggested that Beaufords should adopt market nicher strategy. This strategy is about avoiding direct competition with major companies and finding niches to specialise in it (Morrison, 2002). This strategy does not follow closely of what competitor does in terms of having the same services or similar prices. In comparison Beaufords has only 3 different types of services whereas Harbour Function Centre has over ten different services. By adopting this theory Beaufords is not required to add on new services. Instead, Beaufords can focus on what it has and improve them to further satisfy their customers. It can upgrade its buildings and facilities to create a better atmosphere to add value to guest experience. Provide training once every three months to allow wait staff to provide constant service which also adds value to guest experience. As a result, guests are more likely recommend Beaufords services to others; this can be measured by providing comment cards on tables and at reception. Provide wedding package services to save customers’ time in managing their wedding functions. This will generate a new source of revenue in terms of collecting management fees for managing their weddings. Signing contracts with bridal shops will help Beaufords in developing new wedding packages. It will also create a newdistribution channel for potential customers to know about their services.5.2Marketing-Mix-Modification StrategyThis strategy is similar to the market nichers because the activities involved to implement the strategies are similar. Since Beaufords’ services are currently in its maturity stage, it is suggested for it to adopt marketing-mix-modification strategy. This is because Beaufords has being operating for many years and its sales having increased continually from low to high during the past years. This means it has experienced low sales during introduction stage where few customers knew about their products. As it moves into growth stage, more customers knew about their services through advertisement and word of mouth advertisement. Currently, Beaufords has only 2 types of marketing tools; they are advertisement on yellow page and its own business website. Based on Morrison’s (2002) theory on this particular strategy Beaufords can increase its sales by stimulating the marketing mix. It is essential for Beaufords to stimulate the marketing mix because they are in the Societal-Marketing-Orientation-Era. Companies hold responsibility for the environment as well as constantly provide customers their needs and want. Beaufords may want to find new distribution channels such as bridal shops, advertisement on other web sites, newspapers etc. Since owner of Beaufords is experienced in providing wedding functions he is confident to plan for couples on their weddings.Develop wedding packages: package that includes management services from selecting wedding dress to arranging wedding function. Owner, bridal shopowner and relatedstaff99Billboard advertisement outside bridal shops and Beaufords:promoting new packages, new services, and specials.Owner 9999 Note: Both strategies use same activities because they both aim to achieve same goals.7.0Control and ReviewControl and review is the process to ensure all strategies have been implementing effectively. By using control and review, the organisation can check the effectiveness of the current marketing activities. However, control and review are marketing tools to monitor and evaluate the marketing activities of the organisation. Organisation has to continually review the strategies used in marketing activities, it is important to ensure effective use of marketing activities. Moreover, control is necessary when controlling the budget and the process of the marketing activities. Budget control can help achieve the organisation goals through control spending and maximise profit. Also, control is reacting on intendancy and change any unsuited strategies in early stage.Control and review that Beaufords has to implement are: (这里也是分点点讨论,用表示着重的符号,一目了然)Distribute comment card or internet survey for customers, and analyse their expectation and satisfaction on Beaufords (includes: facilities, food & beverage, customer service etc.)Compare the number of function business with previous seasons and analyse the proportion of the loyalty customer and new customer. An example of their loyal customer is the Rotary; they provide function businesses to Beaufords once every two weeks. It will help Beaufords to establish appropriate strategies for each target market.The owner has to pay attention to marketing trend in hospitality industry and evaluate their strategies in order to identify a niche.Constantly reviewing and evaluate staff performance. Therefore, training is necessary because staff development is the key to achieve customer satisfaction and meet their expectation.认真看完本文件能有效提高您的收入ConclusionIn conclusion, Beaufords is facing competition for market share. Therefore, control and review is required when implementing administration and marketing activities. The organisation has to establish business goals and the area for control and review. For Beaufords, the owner has responsibility to understand customer expectation and their feedback on each function. Also, the owner can review and evaluate all strategies by combining the customer feedback and staff’s performance.认真看完本文件能有效提高您的收入ReferencesBusiness and Economic Research Limited. (2008). Retrieved on Jul. 24, 2008, from /Morrson. (2002). Market Segment Theory. Harvard: Harvard University PressHerald Tribune. (2008). Economy Trend and Anticipation in New Zealand. Journal of Economy. V ol 2, p35-38Statistic New Zealand. (2008). Retrieved on Jul. 22, 2008, from/products-and-services-请各位写手认真仔细的阅读essay和report的范文内容,并且细看每一个“批注”,同时按照批注的要求来做,绝对不能自由发挥,要推行“简单做,照着做”的原则,严格按照我们的要求以及个别客户或者TOPIC的特殊要求来完成。

[整理]07-10专八官方汉译英翻译

[整理]07-10专八官方汉译英翻译

2011现代社会无论价值观的持有还是生活方式的选择都充满了矛盾。

而最让现代人感到尴尬的是,面对重重矛盾,许多时候你却别无选择。

匆忙与休闲是截然不同的两种生活方式,但在现实生活中,人们却在这两种生活方式间频繁穿梭,有时也说不清自己到底是“休闲着”还是“匆忙着”。

譬如说,当我们正在旅游胜地享受假期,却忽然接到老板的电话,告诉我们客户或工作方面出了麻烦——现代便捷先进工具在此刻显示出了它狰狞、阴郁的面容——搞得人一下子兴趣全无,接下来的休闲只能徒有其表,因为心里已是火烧火燎了。

选自《正面是休闲,背面是匆忙——现代人的生活节奏》,作者王小波参考译文:People always spend their earthly existence in shuttling between haste and leisure --- two distant life styles, though --- sometimes even hardly conscious of which way they are on. For instance, while still vacationing at the resort, we receive a call from the boss all of a sudden, knowing that some troubles are with the clients or the work. At this moment the handy cell phone is exposed as an dismal device more than a modern and advanced tool. The subsequent leisure is merely showy as such a call has shadowed our leisure tour and made us restless with anxiety.2010朋友关系的存续是以相互尊重为前提的, 容不得半点强求、干涉和控制。

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c Journal of Technical University at Plovdiv Fundamental Sciences and Applications, Vol. 6, 1998 Series A-Pure and Applied Mathematics Bulgaria, ISSN 1310-8271
0 2π

1 (1 − r )α
,0 < α < 1;
|f ′ (reiθ )| dθ ≤ c f
0
m1
1 1 1 1 − r log 1− r
,
where c denotes a universal constant which may change from line to line or even within a line. The inequalities A(r, f ) ≤ c f
References
[1] D. J. Hallenbeck, Growth of the Area Function for Multipliers of Analytic Fractional Cauchy Transforms. J. Tech. Univ. at Plovdiv, Fundam. Sci. Appl,Ser. A Pure Appl. Math., 5, 1997, 13-17.

= 2π
0 ∞ k =0
ˆ(k + 1)|2ρ2k (k + 1)2 |f
r
ρ dρ
= 2π
k =0 ∞
ˆ(k + 1)| (k + 1) |f
2
2 0
ρ2k+1 dρ
= π
k =0
ˆ(k + 1)|2 r 2(k+1) (k + 1)|f
Applying Parseval’s relations
arXiv:0807.3940v1 [math.CV] 24 Jul 2008
Note on the growth of Area functions
Peyo Stoilov, Roumyana Gesheva
Abstract Let A(r, f ) =
0 0 r 2π
|f ′ (ρeiθ )|2 ρ dρ dθ ,
H∞
f

1 (1 − r )α
m1
,0 < α < 1;
A(r, f ) ≤ c f
H∞
f
1 1 1 1 − r log 1− r
follow immediately from the Main Lemma. The same inequalities were obtained by D. J. Hallenbeck [1] with the help of more complicated method.
2π n 2π
f (reiθ ) f ′ (reiθ )reiθ dθ =
0 k =0
ˆ(k + 1)r k+1 (k + 1)f
0 ∞
e−i(k+1)θ f (reiθ ) dθ
= 2π
k =0
ˆ(k + 1)|2 r 2(k+1) (k + 1)|f
Note on the growth of Area functions ... we obtain 1 A(r, f ) = 2 which implies 1 A(r, f ) ≤ sup |f (reiθ )| 2 θ
2
Main Lemma.
1 A(r, f ) ≤ f 2 Proof.
r 2π r 2π H∞ 0
Lemma 1. If f ∈ H ∞ , then |f ′(reiθ )| dθ
A(r, f ) =
0 0 r
|f ′ (ρeiθ )|2 ρ dρ dθ = 2π
0 ∞
θ )|2 dθ ρ dρ
where r = |z | < 1. A(r, f ) is the area of { z : |z | ≤ r } under f . In this note we prove that 1 A(r, f ) ≤ f 2
2π H∞ 0
|f ′ (reiθ )| dθ
and based on this result, a new proof of the inequalities of D. J. Hallenbeck for the Area functions of multipliers of fractional Cauchy transforms is given.
1
Introduction.
Let D denote the unit disk in the complex plane and T - the unit circle. Let M be the Banach space of all complex-valued Borel measures on T with the usual variation norm. For α > 0, let Fα denote the family of functions g for which there exists µ ∈ M such that g (z ) =
T
1 dµ(ξ ), (1 − ξz )α
z ∈ D.
(1)
We note that Fα is a Banach space with the natural norm g
0 0

= inf { µ : µ ∈ M such that (1) holds } .
1991 Mathematics Subject Classification:Primary 30E20, 30D50 Key words and phrases:: Analytic function, Area function, Cauchy transforms, multipliers.
r 2π mα
= sup { f g

: g

≤ 1} .
A(r, f ) =
0 0
|f ′(ρeiθ )|2 ρ dρ dθ
for r = |z | < 1. A(r, f ) is the area of { z : |z | ≤ r } under f . In [1] D. J. Hallenbeck determined the sharp growth of A(r, f ) for f ∈ mα . In this note we give new proof of these results.
40
Peyo Stoilov, Roumyana Gesheva
Department of Mathematics Technical University 25, Tsanko Dijstabanov, Plovdiv, Bulgaria e-mail: peyyyo@mail.bg
37
38
Peyo Stoilov, Roumyana Gesheva
Definition 1. Suppose that f is holomorphic in D. Then f is called a multiplier of Fα if g ∈ Fα ⇒ f g ∈ Fα . Let mα denote the set of multipliers of Fα and f For f analytic in D define

39

f (reiθ ) f ′ (reiθ )reiθ dθ ,
0
1 |f ′ (reiθ )| dθ ≤ f 2
2π H∞ 0
|f ′ (reiθ )| dθ .
0
3
Applications of the Main Lemma.

It was proved by Hallenbeck and Samotij that |f ′(reiθ )| dθ ≤ c f
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