Rural Financial Supervision

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中国与农业相关的英文缩略语

中国与农业相关的英文缩略语Agriculture has been a vital part of China's history and culture, dating back over thousands of years. As the world's largest producer of several agricultural commodities, China's agricultural sector is constantly evolving and adapting to new technologies and practices. This evolution is reflected in the numerous acronyms and abbreviations that have become synonymous with China's agricultural landscape. In this article, we will explore some of the most common agricultural acronyms in China and their significance in the context of the country's agricultural development.**1. MOA (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs)** The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MOA) is the primary government agency responsible for formulating and implementing policies related to agriculture, rural economy, and farmers' welfare in China. MOA plays a crucial role in promoting agricultural modernization, enhancing rural infrastructure, and safeguarding food security.**2. ADB (Agricultural Development Bank of China)**The Agricultural Development Bank of China (ADB) is a state-owned policy bank dedicated to providing financial support for agricultural development and rural infrastructure construction. ADB's mandate includes financing projects in areas such as irrigation, land reclamation, and rural electrification, among others.**3. AQSIQ (General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine)**The General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ) is responsible for ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products in China. AQSIQ oversees the inspection and quarantine of agricultural imports and exports, implements safety standards for agricultural products, and carries outquality control measures to protect consumers' health.**4. AGRO (Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation)**AGRO is a broad acronym that encompasses agricultural science and technology innovation in China. It covers areas such as biotechnology, agricultural machinery, and sustainable farming practices. China has been activelyinvesting in agricultural research and development to improve crop yields, enhance resource efficiency, and address challenges like climate change and soil degradation. **5. GAP (Good Agricultural Practices)**Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) refer to a set of guidelines and standards designed to ensure the safety, quality, and sustainability of agricultural production. GAP covers areas like crop management, pest control, fertilizer use, and post-harvest handling, among others. China has implemented GAP to promote sustainable agriculture and protect the environment.**6. TAQ (Three Rural Issues)**The "Three Rural Issues" refer to agriculture, countryside, and farmers, which are considered critical to China's rural development and social stability. The government has implemented various policies and measures to address these issues, including improving rural infrastructure, promoting agricultural modernization, and enhancing farmers' income and welfare.**7. SMART Agriculture**SMART Agriculture refers to the application of modern technologies, such as sensors, drones, and big data analytics, to improve agricultural efficiency and sustainability. China has been actively investing in SMART Agriculture to modernize its agricultural sector, enhance crop yields, and address challenges like water scarcity and climate change.In conclusion, the acronyms and abbreviations associated with China's agricultural sector reflect the country's rich agricultural heritage and its commitment to innovation and modernization. From MOA's policies to ADB's financial support, AQSIQ's quality control measures, and AGRO's scientific research, China's agricultural landscape is constantly evolving to meet the challenges of the 21st century. As China continues to invest in SMART Agriculture and sustainable practices, its agricultural sector remains a critical driver of the country's economic growth and social development.**中国农业缩略语：一扇了解中国丰富农业遗产和创新发展的窗口**农业一直是中国历史和文化的重要组成部分，已有数千年的历史。

口译笔译分类词汇(04)--政治政府词汇

口译笔译分类词汇（04）--政治政府词汇按保护价敞开收购粮食的政策a policy of purchasing grain without limitations at protective prices把处理事与处理人结合起来integrate the handling of cases with the handling of violators把有限的资金用在“刀刃上”use our limited funds where they can be put to best use保持经济适度快速增长maintain an appropriate rapid economic growth保监会the China Insurance Regulatory Commission保证国家的长治久安guarantee China’s long-term stability保证社会公共需要guarantee social needs保证这些项目如期建成并发挥效益ensure that these projects are completed according to schedule and yield economic returns避免形成倒逼机制、欲罢不能The uncompleted projects cannot drag on and on and require excessive investment.不合法、不合理基金和收费项目illegal and unjustifiable funds and charges不会导致货币过量发行without causing overissue of currency不进则退no progress simply means regression不良贷款non- performing loans不能搞赤字预算cannot leave a deficit in their budgets不再经商no longer engage in trade财政偿还能力our ability to service debt财政的承受能力financial capacity财政监督条例the Regulations on Financial Supervision财政日子将更加难过We will be in financial straits.财政收入占国内生产总值的比重the ratio of revenue to GDP财政收支基本平衡的原则a principle of maintaining a basic balance between revenue and expenditures财政资金申请、立项、拨付、使用效果等各个环节的监督supervision over the whole process of fund allocation from application, project determination and actual allocation to returns on investment拆迁补偿费compensation for demolition产权划转和产权变动the transfer of and changes in property rights of enterprises产销衔接状况the ratio of sales to production产业升级upgrade industries长江流域的生态掩体an ecological shelter along the Yangtze River Valley长江三峡和黄河小浪底水利枢纽工程the key water projects at the Three Gorges on the Yangtze River and at Xiaolangdi on the Yellow River长期国债long-term government bonds常务委员Standing Committee member车辆购置税暂行条例the Interim Regulations on the Tax on Vehicle Purchases成长型企业市场（指二板市场）growing enterprise market (GEM)城乡电网改造projects for upgrading urban and rural power grids城镇登记失业率registered unemployment rate in cities and towns城镇社会保障体系urban social security system城镇职工医疗保险制度改革medical insurance for urban workers城镇住房制度改革reform of the urban housing system出口经营权由审批制向登记备案制过渡the transition from an examination and approval system to a registration and recording system for the right to engage in export出口配额export quotas传统产业conventional industries创新体系an innovation system垂直管理vertical management从源头上、制度上堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes in terms of their sources and systems促进公平分配promote fair distribution of social wealth村村通广播电视工程project “extend radio and TV coverage to every village”存款准备金reserves against deposit大部分科技力量游离于企业和市场之外a majority of scientific personnel being divorced from enterprises and the market大力推进粮食流通体制改革step up our efforts to promote the reform of the grain distribution system大面积多光区光纤光谱天文望远镜a large sky area multi-object fiber-spectroscopy telescope 贷款质量5级分类办法five-category assets classification for bank loans邓小平理论Deng Xiaoping Theory低水平重复建设low-level redundant development滴灌、喷灌drip irrigation and spray irrigation抵抗全球经济衰退to combat the global economic slump地方性中小金融机构存款保险制度 a deposit insurance system for local small and medium-sized financial institutions电视会议televised meeting调控宏观经济运行regulate operation of the macroeconomy调整出口退税adjustments in the level of export tax rebates调整投资结构和经济结构the restructuring of investment and the economy堵塞漏洞plug up loopholes对卷烟全面推行核定计税价格征收消费税办法fully levy a sales tax on cigarettes on the basis of an authorized tax valuation对人民高度负责的态度maintain a high sense of responsibility对中西部地区适当倾斜appropriately directed to the central and western areas of the country夺取了抗洪抢险的伟大胜利achieve great victory in the fight against floods发挥出最大的效益produce the best possible results发挥最大的使用效益yield the greatest returns on investment反对铺张浪费combat extravagance and waste防范和化解金融风险guard against and defuse financial risks防范金融风险能力ability to guard against financial risks防止“重点支出重点浪费”prevent “more waste in more expenditures”非办不可的大事important tasks which must be accomplished非国有工业企业non-state industrial enterprises非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions费改税改革tax-for-fees reform分配货币化distribution of money分税制度财政体制the revenue-sharing system风险防范机制a risk prevention mechanism服从全局、服务全局be subordinated to and serve the overall interests of the country复杂多变的国内经济环境complicated and volatile economic environment both at home and abroad改革价格形成机制reform the price formation mechanism干堤的修复加固任务the task of repairing and reinforcing the main dikes干法旋窑水泥dry-process rotary kilns敢抓敢管、不讲情面have the courage to bear their responsibilities and exercise management no matter what others might think高等教育“211工程”the “211”Project for higher education高技术产业发展规划plans for the development of high-tech industries高技术产业化apply high technology to production高技术产业化示范工程high-tech model projects to demonstrate their commercial viability高举邓小平理论伟大旗帜，全面贯彻'三个代表'重要思想hold high the banner of Deng Xiaoping Theory and carry out the important thoughts of 'Three Represents'高清晰度电视功能样机functional prototype of high definition TV个人所得税法the Law on Personal Income Tax个体经济、私营经济self-employed and private businesses各地区经济发展的客观需要the needs of the economic development of different regions各级各类教育all forms of education at all levels各种“小金库”屡禁不止failures to prohibit unauthorized departmental coffers repeatedly各种偷税、骗税和逃税行为all acts of tax evasion and tax fraud工程监理制project supervision system工程质量事故accidents resulting from poor quality of projects工业增加值industrial added value公开市场操作open-market operations共建、调整、合作、合并 a program of joint development, adjustment, cooperation and mergers 购买力purchasing power鼓励兼并encourage mergers关心群众疾苦help alleviate their hardships规范管理standardized administration规范化的财政管理standardized financial management规范破产standardize bankruptcy procedures规范税制standardize the tax system国际公认internationally recognized国际通行的吸引外资方式internationally accepted methods of absorbing foreign investment 国家财政包揽过多The state finance takes on too much financial burden.国家发展计划委员会the State Development Planning Commission国家确定的重点领域投资investment in the key areas designated by the state国家税源的大量流失great loss of state revenue国家重点科研项目national key scientific research projects国库券treasury bonds国民经济各方面all sectors of the national economy国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内短缺原材料和资源性产品raw and semi-finished materials and resource products which are in short supply in China国有独资商业银行wholly state-funded commercial bank国有企业改革reform of state-owned enterprises国有企业和集体企业资本金统计报告制度 a system for reporting statistics on the capital funds of state-owned and collectively-owned enterprises国有企业重组regroup SOEs国有商业银行一级法人管理management of the state-owned commercial banks with only their head offices as their legal persons国有资产管理、监督和营运机制management, supervision and operation of state-owned assets 国有资源有偿使用paid use of state-owned resources国债资金the capital obtained from issuance of government bonds过剩的生产能力excessive production capacity海峡两岸关系cross-Strait relations合同管理制contract management system黑市交易black market transaction in foreign exchanges很多上海企业涌向西部，掀起了去西部的淘金热。

【免费下载】经济类外文文献

外文文献原文Improve the concept of financial supervision in rural areas Farmers in China's vast population, has some large-scale production of the farmers, but also survival-oriented farmers, huge differences between the financial needs of rural finance intermediation makes complex, together with agriculture itself is the profit low, natural and market risks hig h risk decision to weak agricultural industry characteristics, resulting in the cost of rural finan cial transactions is far higher than the city, also decided to organize the rural financial system in terms of operation or in the market has its own special characteristics. 20 years of financial refor, financial development while the Chinese city made impressive achieveme-nts, but the rural finance is the entire financial system is still the weakest link.Insufficient sup ply of rural finance,competition is not sufficient,farmers and agricultural enterprises in getting loans and other issues is alsovery prominent, backward rural financial system can no longer e ffectively support the development of modern agriculture or the transformation of traditional agriculture and the building of new socialist countryside,which to improve the rural financial supervision new topic.China's rural financial regulatory problems(A) the formation of China's financial regulatory system had "a line three commission " (People's Bank,the Securities Regulatory Commission,Insurance Regulatory Commissio n and the Banking Regulatory Commission) financial regulatory structure.Bank These stringent requirements,different management and diversification of monitoring has its positive role,but it also had some negative effects.First,inefficient supervision,supervis ion of internal consumption of high costs,limited financial industry business development and innovation space.Second,the regulatory agencies,regulatory bodies and the information asym metry between central banks,banking, securities,and insurance mechanisms of coordination b etween regulatory bodies are not rmation between central banks and regulatory ag encies is difficult to share,is difficult to create effective monitoring forc. Basically between th e various regulators in their respective state regulators,regulatory policies and measures to ove rlapping or conflicting phenomena have occurred,unable to cope with China's current rural fin ancial market complexity and diversity and so on.Third,financial institutions have liquidity ris k or out of the market and so on,may be excessive because the central bank assistance,financial institutions and financial institutions led to the person in charge "capacity risk" and "moral hazard",or for financial institutions regulatory arbitrage possibilities;addition,since the lack of recourse,may adversely affect the financial stability.(B) rural financial ecological environment is not in-depthThe current financial environment in rural county building still remains in the letter the use rvillage,township,community development credit level, "government-led,human-propelled,departmental interaction" and create a mechanism for financial ecological environm ent in rural areas lack.Local governments and authorities the importance of financial knowled ge of the ecological environment is not deep,implementation and functions of individual local protectionism and heavy,there is interference with the financial sector credit and other daily b usiness situation.Rural credit system lag,lack of bad credit punishment mechanism, rural busi nesses and residents in the overall credit awareness is not high,rural finance development and expansion of social services and social protection of the environment has not yet formed. (C) China's existing legal system of financial supervision and a number of shortcomings, can not guarantee that financial regulation is reasonable, effective, standardized implem entation.First,regulatory lag,supporting regulations are incomplete,the content is too rough,too simpl e,the banking,securities and insurance supervision laws and regulations more old,a general lac k of quantitative science.Supervisory regulations and standards, regulatory methods and techn ical means not meet regulatory requirements in the market. Staff in the actual implementation, not easy to grasp the scale, may of operation. Second, the Chinese regulators and the regulate d objects exist some interest, and the existing regulations, lack of supervision and regulatory enforcement are to ensure that financial regulation can not be just and reasonable. Finally, Chi na's financial supervision is still difficult to shake off the inertia of the executive-style regulatory impact.(D) of the Rural Financing drifting outside the existing financial regulatoryAccording to IFAD study, Chinese farmers from the informal financial institutions, loans fr om official credit institutions about 4 times. For farmers, the importance of informal financial markets over the formal financial market. China's mainly rural folk form of finance rural credi t cooperatives, Cooperation, private lending, private banks, private funds, microfinance, etc., of which only rural credit cooperatives and microfinance in China's financial supervision under the rest of the financial forms the lack of appropriate supervision. The general lack of rural financial organizations of civil norms, there is a big risk, China's existing laws and regulations on private financial institutions in rural areas is one of "isolation" policy, making a lot of mon ey from the dark into the rural financial market and greater regulation of financial difficulty, o n rural financial security is a potential threat.learn from the developed countries(A) improve coordination of rural finance mechanisms for external supervision1. The United States "multiple composite" of the coordination mechanism. U.S. financial c ooperation system in rural areas by the federal mid-term credit banks, cooperative banks, federal land banks and federal land bank system compo sed of three Cooperatives, the Farm Credit Administration (NCUA) leadership, and with the Council under the leadership of the private banks in rural commercial credit, National Rural C redit Bank policy of the United States shared the task of rural financial intermediation. The or ganizational model is a typical multi-mode hybrid system, three systems have an independent management system, with clear term s of reference. To ensure the healthy development of rural financial institutions, commercial b anks in the United States adopted a different regulatory models, specifically setting up a relati vely sound financial regulatory system in rural areas, including regulators, industry self-regulation associations, financial intermediation and mutual insurance group clearing center, t he four kind of independent agencies and their subsidiary bodies, the functions of different, b ut share the same objectives as a common rural cooperative financial institutions to serve the r egulatory system.2. Germany's "comprehensive regulatory model" of coordination mechanisms. Low concen tration of the German banking system, in the very important parts of the bank, the representati ve of the financial mixed operation. Commonwealth Bank and the Federal Financial Supervis ory Authority the power to regulate the two main regulators of the banking sector there is a cl ear division of labor, but also close cooperation. Commonwealth Bank in Germany, nine state s have branch offices, using their own network advantages to the Federal Financial Supervisor y Authority is responsible for daily transmission of data banks focus for the Federal Financial Authority to provide a better basis for the exercise of regulatory functions, but it is not directl y involved in the regulation work, nor has the administrative punishment. The Federal Financial Supervisory Authority did not have branches in the states, it is difficult to carry out regular supervision, need to cooperate with the Commonwealth Bank to perform its regulatory functi ons. Germany's main central banks and industry rely on the federal audit of the regulatory syst em and risk prevention and protection system to ensure rural finance in the specification on the basis of continuous development.3. Japan's "complement each other-type" coordination mechanism. In Japan, the dual supervision of the implementation of rural f inance: first, the Office of Government financial regulation, supervision on the implementatio n of various financial institutions, to achieve the overall risk control; Second, national and loc al Forestry and Fisheries Department with the Office of Financial Regulation on the impleme ntation of rural financial institutions supervision, including the Ministry of Agriculture consist s of the branch on Norinchukin supervision, Forestry and Fisheries set up in six major areas of agricultural area in County Council on joint supervision of the letter, and all, Road House, Co unty Farmer of the Ministry of Agriculture within its jurisdiction Association for Cooperative Finance Supervision Department(B) the establishment of deposit insurance and emergency rescue system to form a three-tier safety netDeveloped financial system generally established strict internal management system, depos it insurance system and the system of three emergency safety net. As a second-class safety net of deposit insurance system has been very satisfactory. The federal governme nt on rural finance unified compulsory deposit insurance, the specific business operation by th e Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's SavingsAssociation Insurance Fund, and to assume supervision of the insured financial institutions; the German government on the implementati on of the voluntary deposit of credit co-insurance, not mandatory insurance, its insurance sector is the industry organization; Japan's c redit co-national compulsory deposit insurance, the insurance agency is a joint venture between Gover nment and the people, by the Government, Norinchukin Bank, Japan Bank, Credit Union and a coalition of agricultural water fishery credit cooperatives Industry Insurance Agency. As a t hird-class safety net for emergency rescue system, specific measures for implementation in different countries, bank deposits for the brink of bankruptcy, in some countries directly by the centr al bank to offer special low-interest loans (such as the U.S. and Italy), in some countries by the bank regulatory authorities and other Commercial Bank for the establishment of special institutions to finance the rescue (such as France and Belgium), a number of countries came forward by the deposit insurance a gency to provide funds (such as Japan), more by one or a few large banks in support of officia l support.(C) rural finance within the industry associations to play a regulatory role1. U.S. Rural Cooperative Finance Association of self-management. In the United States, various credit associations or co-finance up to several dozen, including a long history, nationally renowned for the National As sociation of Credit (CUNA), a specialized credit services for the Federal Register Association (NAFCU), there are also special school credit for community service credit unions and associ ations (CCUC), etc.. While the states also have their own Credit Union Association. The trade association is one of the major work to develop a code of conduct, self-regulation management.2. German credit cooperation and other cooperative system of industry self-regulation of mutual integration. German cooperation in the National Credit Union (BVR) is a cooperative bank industry self-regulatory organizations, grass-roots local cooperative banks, cooperative banks and district central cooperative banks, as wel l as professional co-finance companies, cooperative credit union is a member. Germany 11 contributions from the various types of cooperatives set up jointly organized a regional cooperative audit association, responsible for annual audit of the specialized agencies of the various types of cooperatives, which are also common types of cooperatives at the district level, the industry watchdog, play s an important industry supervisory role.3. Set supervision and service in one of the Japanese Agricultural Association. Japanese go vernment in 1947 promulgated the "Agricultural Cooperative Law," agricultural association p rovides services for members of cooperative organizations, its not for profit, adhere to the rur al communities and members for the service centers, institutional system based on grass-roots level according to facilitate farmers , established the principle manageable. The main source of funding is to absorb the rural deposits, in principle, limited to serving as a member of t he farmers and agricultural groups. To ensure financial security cooperation, and healthy run, set up a rural credit insurance, temporary transfers of funds mutual aid system and credit coop erative organizations, and government co-funded deposit insurance system, agricultural disaster compensation system and the agricultur al credit guarantee system for the insurance system measures.improve the financial supervision of the concept of rural China(A) improve and perfect the legal system of rural financial regulation, supervision accor ding to lawFinance as the core of the economy, the continued growth of rural finance is more in need o f legal regulation and a sound legal environment, accelerate the development of rural finance l aws, no legal basis to change the situation, has become the strong demand of rural financial d evelopment. Since the reform and opening up, no one for rural finance, rural financial regulati on can serve as a basis for law. To achieve effective supervision, the need for additional profe ssional laws, regulations, and specific regulatory measures, regulations and implementation d etails, so as to achieve from the general administrative supervision to improve the legal syste m, efforts to establish changed the credit system, and ultimately control law.While in strength ening the legal system, adopt effective measures to strengthen the integrity of the whole com munity education and step up publicity to raise awareness of the general financial and legal re sidents, to actively support the work of the national collective finance; education of the popul ation according to lending, and actively with the illegal lending practices fight, really create a sound legal basis, that the law according to the credit environment and legal environment. (B) give full play to grassroots government, professional regulatory function Actively co operate with local governments at all levels and support the financialTo actively coordinate local government and non-basic level target consistency, to avoid the expense of national interests and local interests of t he occurrence. The Chinese government should establish a tax system is different from com mercial banks, a low tax or tax-free policy, by policy banks to provide low-interest or interest-free loans of rural finance, rural finance to increase subsidies and assistance. Those relatively large amount of private credit, shall be approved by local authorities just to strengthen the aud it checks to the legitimate rights and interests protected. China's rural economy, small and dispersed operations, has not been large-scale establishment of agricultural insurance, in case of force majeure, the rural financial syste m will face great risk. Chinese financial institutions in the internal governance structure and ri sk management system has been initially established, the basic external financial regulation in place of the case, should refer to the experience of developed countries, commercial banks in the country to establish a mandatory deposit insurance system and the emergency rescue syste m, the formation of three protection network.(C) strictly rural financial institutions, "access and" to improve the professional standar ds of financial supervisionFinancial regulators should be a good loan companies, postal savings banks, rural credit uni on funds, village banks and other new-type rural financial institutions, market access, ensure that the new-type rural financial institutions in corporate governance, capital adequacy ratio to meet the req uirements. Kind in the country selected the new rural financial institutions, better internal cont rol system, modified to add a representative of management to form the template to help set u p rural financial institutions, covering credit, billing, savings, cash, security and other risk poi nt of internal control system . Establish small rural banks and other financial institutions, guid ance system, the financial regulators to conduct the transition of its guidance, to promote rural financial institutions to a sound system of internal control as soon as possible, improve mana gement, risk control and management mechanisms work well.(D) to play the role of industry self-regulatory associations, to promote the vitality and force the formation of the banking se ctorWorking Committee, the current to China Banking Regulatory Commission and the provin cial government regulatory framework based on an industry self-regulatory organization more. Promoting the Development, promoting and developing self-regulatory functions of trade associations, for building a healthy banking system in China is si gnificant. Association to play a functional role to guide the establishment of liaison mechanis ms and management of daily work, and improving the industry conventions and regulations, r egulators should not control those, which were needed in the work of regulatory bodies, as far as possible by the association responsible for promoting the formation of the energy and banking efforts to achieve self-management and trade association national regulatory authorities to monitor the combination system of regulation.ConclusionIn short, improving financial supervision in terms of its breadth, should be an include gover nment regulation, industry self-regulation, financial institutions, internal control, four levels of social supervision system; its depth, it should be involved in risk prevention, effective access, legal norms, the operation si mple and efficient aspects of a systems engineering. Only by striving to improve the new con cept of financial supervision, the introduction of new methods of financial supervision in orde r to receive financial regulation expected results. Only in this way can be established consiste nt with China's national conditions, but also to adapt to modern requirements of international financial regulatory system in rural China.外文文献译文发展中国农村金融监管的思考农民在中国人口众多,有一些大型生产的农民,但也自给自足的农民,巨大的金融需求之间的差异使农村金融需求很是复杂,连同农业本身是利润低、自然和市场风险高的风险决策农业产业特性,软弱的农村金融交易的成本远高于城市,也决定组织农村金融体系的运行或市场有其自身的特点。

中国农村金融监管制度的现状及存在的问题

摘要农村金融作为农村经济领域的核心，近年来不断受到关注。

随着农村金融市场准入门槛的降低，对于农村金融监管制度的完善与创新的呼声越来越高，引发学术界的广泛讨论。

然而，我国农村金融领域的改革创新，显然是落后于全国的金融创新过程，其中非正规金融机构的监管问题更是值得深入研究。

本文阐述了农村金融监管的必要性与特殊性以及其变迁历史，分析农村金融监管现状与存在问题，提出个人的解决思路和相关措施。

全文分为六个部分，第一部分是农村金融监管理论的综述，介绍了农村金融监管的基本理论；第二部分简述我国农村金融监管的制度的变迁；第三部分分析农村金融监管的现状和存在的问题；第四部分以江苏省东台市为例，列举农村金融监管制度创新对农村金融服务与农业发展的作用；第六部分在之前的基础上提出自己关于农村金融监管制度创新的一些构想；第六部分是本文的参考文献。

关键词：农村金融；金融监管；监管制度创新abstractAs the core of the rural economy sector，rural finance attract attention in recent years。

With the decrease of rural financial market access threshold,the improvement and innovation of the rural financial supervision system calls for more and more high,cause widely discuss in academia.But,In the field of the process of China's financial reform and innovation, lag is obvious in the field of rural finance,the supervision of the rural informal financial institutions,especially,has a lot of problems worthing studying.This paper expatiates the necessity of rural financial supervision and it’s particularity and historical change,analyze rural financial supervision status and existing problems,and put forward personal ideas and relevant measures.Full text can be divided into six parts,the first part is the review of the theory of rural financial regulation,introduces the basic theory of rural financial supervision;the second part describes the changes of the rural financial supervision system in China;the third part analysis the present situation and the existing problems of the rural financial supervision; The fourth part put forward some ideas about innovative rural financial supervision system,on the basis of prior;The fifth part use the DongTai,of JiangSui province as an example,list the effect of rural financial supervision system innovation on rural financial services and the agricultural development;The sixth part is the references in this paper.Key words: rural finance;financial regulation;The regulatory system innovation引论自改革开放以来，农村经济体制变化巨大，发展突飞猛进。

农村公益事业财政奖补支持范围

农村公益事业财政奖补支持范围1.加强农村义务教育的经费奖补支持，提高教育质量。

Support financial awards for strengthening the funding of rural compulsory education to improve the quality of education.2.支持农村医疗卫生事业的财政奖补，改善农村医疗条件。

Support financial awards for rural healthcare to improve medical conditions in rural areas.3.鼓励开展农村文化活动，提供文化事业财政奖补支持。

Encourage cultural activities in rural areas and provide financial awards for cultural projects.4.加大对农村环境保护的财政奖补力度，改善农村环境质量。

Increase financial awards for rural environmental protection to improve the quality of the rural environment.5.支持农村基础设施建设的财政奖补政策，提高农村基础设施水平。

Support financial awards for rural infrastructure construction to raise the level of rural infrastructure.6.提供财政奖补支持，改善农村民生福利保障水平。

Provide financial awards to improve the level of people's livelihood and welfare in rural areas.7.推动农村扶贫开发事业，提供扶贫开发财政奖补支持。

中小学教师轮岗制度的审视及其改进措施

第28卷第1期2012年1月贵州师范学院学报Journal of Guizhou Normal College Vol．28．No．1Nov．2012中小学教师轮岗制度的审视及其改进措施袁春林(西南大学教育学部，重庆400715)摘要:中小学教师校际交流在实际操作中取得了一定成效，但是仍然存在着问题:一定时期内削弱了优质学校的教师资源;派出教师作用发挥较为尴尬;派出教师使用不科学;大多主动选择轮岗的教师存在私利化等。

导致问题出现的原因有制度本身的科学性不足，政策的监督力度不够，城乡社会环境的差距较大等。

为此需要从完善教师轮岗制度、加强监督力度加大对农村教育的投入、鼓励高校毕业生到农村支教任教等方面加以解决。

关键词:教育均衡发展;教师轮岗;县管校用中图分类号:G451．2文献标识码:A文章编号:1674－7798(2012)01－0072－04Survey of Work Shift System for Teachers in Primary and Middle Schools and Measures toImprove itYUANG Chu －Lin(Education College ，Southwest University ，400715)Abstract :Certain effects have been achieved in exchanging teachers between primary and middle schools ，how-ever ，problems still remain ，namely ，the advantages of the teachers from quality schools are dulled ，the roles of ex-changes teachers are insignificant ，and the majority of teachers are willing to be exchanged out of self －interest．The problems are attributed to scientific deficiency in the system itself ，insufficient supervision ，gap between the rural and urban environment ，etc．To address these problems ，teachers ＇exchange system should be improved ，supervision should be strengthened ，input should be increased in the rural education ，and graduates should be encouraged to do teaching practice or to be teachers in the rural areas．Key words :Balance Development of Education ;Teachers＇Work Shift System ;County Administration and School Practicing联合国《儿童权利公约》中有一条重要的“无歧视原则”，指出所有儿童都应当受到平等对待，不应受到任何歧视或忽视。

安徽商贸职业技术学院学报

安徽商贸职业技术学院学报社科理论探索论列宁民族团结思想及其对中国的历史作用…………………………………………陈光军（01）文化体制创新视域下中国特色社会主义文化强国建设研究…………………………王焕成（06）商贸服务研究关于城镇化发展的几点思考……………………………………………………………王永年（10）跨商品期货价差套利——以大连商品交易所豆类产品为例…………………………郑基超，刘晴，孙韦（14）影响我国中小企业技术创新的因素分析及对策研究…………………………………贾海峰（19）我国家庭农场发展的SWOT分析及对策研究……………………………………………赵丽炯（22）FDI、出口贸易与经济增长的关系——基于VAR模型的实证研究……………………………………………………钱俊（27）财税金融研究我国保险业与互联网保险融合动因、困难与策略……………………………李红坤，李子晗（32）能源项目投资决策评价的实物期权法与传统方法的综述分析与比较研究……马可，雷汉云（37）制度变迁视域下的农村义务教育财政监督研究……………………………王明露，王世忠（43）钢贸企业不良贷款对商业银行发展中小企业信贷业务的启示……刘庆卫，赵连友，胡晓磊（47）文学艺术研究《聊斋志异·宫梦弼》创作发微…………………………………………………………郑子运（51）高职教育探索皖江城市带产业转移背景下高职院校社会服务能力的探索——以安徽财贸职业学院为例……………………………………………………谢峰（54）商贸类专业学生创新能力与创业模式的探索…………………………………………郭伟（58）基于工作过程的高职国贸专业学分制课程体系建设研究……………………………章景萍（61）编码技巧在统计学教学中的运用……………………………………………王翠莲, 刘晓（65）高职电气控制与PLC课程项目化教学考核评价机制研究…………侯秀丽，李庆，许美珏（68）从需求理论角度论高校ESP课程设计…………………………………………韩娟，赵谦（71）工学结合人才培养模式下的高职商务日语专业教学改革探索——以江苏经贸职业技术学院为例......................................................吴菡卿（74）“以普通生为本”推进高职院校学生管理工作.............................................程慧（77）本刊2014年总目录 (81)安徽商贸职业技术学院发展简介……………………………………………………………（封二）征稿简则………………………………………………………………………………………（封三）Journal of Anhui Business College(Quarterly)V ol.13 No.4 Dec.2014Lenin’s Thought of Nationa l Unity and Its Historical Influence on China……………………CHEN Guang-jun(01) Study on the Construction of a Socialistic Culture Power with Chinese Characteristics in the Perspective of Cultural System Innovation…………………………………………………………………W ANG Huan-cheng(06) Thoughts on the Development of Urbanization………………………………………………W ANG Yong-nian(10) Commodity Futures Spread Arbitrage: A Case Study on Soybean Trading in DCE ……………………………………………………………………………ZHENG Ji-chao, LIU Qing, SUN Wei (14) Analysis on the Factors Influencing China’s SME Technology Innovation and Countermeasure Study ………………………………………………………………………………………………………JIA Hai-feng(19) SWOT Analysis on the Development of Family Farms in China and Study on the Countermeasures ……………………………………………………………………………………………………ZHAO Li-jiong(22) The Relationship of FDI, Export Trade and Economic Growth: An Empirical Study based on V AR Model …………………………………………………………………………………………………………QIAN Jun(27) Integration of China’s Insurance Industry and Internet Insurance: Reason, Difficulty and Strategy ……………………………………………………………………………………………LI Hong-kun, LI Zi-han(32) Comprehensive Analysis and Comparative Study on Real Option Method and Traditional Methods for Evaluating Energy Project Investment Decision………………………………………………………MA Ke，LEI Han-yun(37) Study of the Financial Supervision on Rural Compulsory Education under the Perspective of Institutional Change ………………………………………………………………………………W ANG Ming-lu, WANG Shi-zhong(43) The Enlightenment of Bad Loan in Steel Trade Enterprises to Commercial Banks’ Developing SM E Credit Business……………………………………………………………LIU Qing-wei, ZHAO Lian-you, HU Xiao-lei(47) About the Literary Source of “Gong Mengbi” f rom “Strange Tal es from Make-do Stu dio”……ZHENG Zi-yun(51) Exploration on Social Service Ability of Higher V ocational Colleges under the Industry Transfer Background in Wanjiang City Belt: A Cases Study of Anhui Finance & Trade V ocational College……………………XIE Feng(54) Exploration on the Innovation Ability and Start-up Mode of Students in Business Majors……………GUO Wei(58) Study on Curriculum Design under Credit System for International Trade Major in Higher Vocational Colleges: Based on Working Process……………………………………………………………………ZHANG Jing-ping(61) Application of Coding Skills in Statistics Teaching…………………………………W ANG Cui-lian, LIU Xiao(65) Study on the Examination and Evaluation Mechanism for Project-based Teaching of Electrical Control and PLC Course in Higher Vocational Colleges………………………………………HOU Xiu-li, LI Qing, XU Meiy-yu(68) On ESP Course Design in Colleges and Universities from the Perspective of Demand Theory ……………………………………………………………………………………………HAN Juan, ZHAO Qian(71) Exploration on the Teaching Reform of Business Japanese in Higher V ocational Colleges under the Talent Cultivation Mode Combining Work with Study: A Case Study on Jiangsu Institute of Commerce…………………WU Han-qing(74) Promoting Student Management Work in Higher V ocational Colleges on a “Common Student-oriented”Basis……………………………………………………………………………………………………CHENG Hui(77)。

网络流行语英文PPT

2015年即将要过去了。

回首一年，都有哪些网络流行语红极一时呢？你知道用英文怎么讲嘛？跟小编一起看看吧！1. 上交给国家(handover sth to the government)“上交给国家”出自电视剧版《盗墓笔记》，为了能顺利过审，主角吴邪一改原著中的盗墓说辞，改成将所有看到的文物“上交国家”，于是片中的所有宝藏，都摆脱不了“上交国家”的命运，由此引发原著粉和看剧党的大规模的吐槽。

这个词组也是属于中国特有滴，所以小编认为直译会比较靠谱，即为handover sth to the government 或者说handover sth to the authority，你觉得呢？2. 吓死本宝宝了(scared to death)“吓死宝宝了”这里的“宝宝”指的是自己，是吓死我了的意思，自称本宝宝只是为了卖萌，说自己很可爱！可以译成im scared to death或者说it scared my pants off!3. 明明可以靠脸吃饭(could have earned a living with face)小编认为这句话用英语表达就是：she could have earned a living with face, but instead, she uses her talent.4. 世界那么大，我想去看看 (the world is big and i want to see it.)5. 睡什么睡，起来嗨(wake up and get high with us!)6. 重要的事情说三遍 (important things cannot be underscored too much.)最早说的应该是某房地产网站的电台广告语：“走直线，走直线，走直线，重要的事情说三遍。

”此广告一经推出，迅速火遍各大电台，重要事情说三遍被各类广告和跟风使用，洗脑作用可见一斑。

7. 傻白甜 (blonde)傻白甜通常指电视剧或电影中的女主角，蠢萌没有心机，后用来形容没有演技的角色。

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1.这篇是报告是report 不是essay~ 格式就不对。

2.Excel少了4个Q（我有发给你参考论文和参考的excel）按照那个来写就可以了。

3.不要写农村金融，是企业或者公司。

这个也要改掉。

4.能不能麻烦你看下参考论文后再重新修改呢？？？Study on Problems in Rural Financial Supervision and Pattern Choice of Rebuilding Rural Financial Supervision SystemAbstract Rural financial management is always the hot points which attract the great attention of leaders at all levels and the broad masses, enhancing rural collective financial management is an important component of the work concerning agriculture, countryside and farmers. For many years governments at all levels have been trying their utmost to enhance rural financial management, intensify management and promote the management level. After agriculture and rural economic development in China enter into a new stage, rural economy in China is witnessing unprecedented development with significant measures of new rural construction being carried out. Rural collective financial management is confronted with some new situations and new problems, and how to manage well and make good use of the collective capitals and properties is a social problem as well as a economic one. Rural financial supervision can play a critical role in rural economic development in China and new rural construction project. The resolution of problems in rural financial management and the establishment and perfection of rural financial supervision system has become the important issue yet to be tackled in new rural construction. It is no doubt that rural nongovernmental financial institutions are widely in existence in China. Rebuilding rural financial supervision system is conducive to normalizing rural financial order and forming the benign competitive situation; to clarifying the role played by ruralfinancial organization and providing better financial services for" three agriculture"; to forming safe rural financial environment to promote the development of rural economy and national economy. The restricting factors of rebuilding chinese rural financial supervision system are analyzed. The major reasons are that rural financial legislation is relatively backward and the supervision department lacks the necessary legal basis. The administrative supervision is insufficient, which lead to the mal-position，administrative offside and vacancy of rural financial supervision; rural financial organization mechanism is unreasonable and the internal supervision mechanism is relatively bad; supervision organization of rural financial industry is imperfect and the function i s imperfect; public’s supervision awarenes s is weak and social supervision mechanism develops slowly. The paths for rebuilding Chinese rural financial supervision system are put forward including accelerating rural financial legislation to provide perfect legal evidence for rural financial supervision system; clarifying the position on governmental functions and fully displaying the leading role of rural financial supervision; establishing specialized rural financial supervision organization to perfect its supervision functions; vigorously cultivat ing people’s supervision awareness to promote the development of social supervision mechanism．This paper combines theoretical research and case analysis，and gets the conclusion that it is necessary to prepare cash flow statement with the characteristic of rural financial supervision system and analysis of related theories．After this，as pecial cash flow statement for rural financial supervision system is designed, and then an applied analysis of cash flow statement．At last，it takes the rural credit cooperation，which is directly under the ministry of financial supervision system，as an example．After the compiling of cash flow statement，the cash flow information of rural credit cooperation during all accounting period has been obtained through the analysis of its financial data．In this way, the debt repayment ability and its financial situation can be evaluated objectively.The accounting statement users could get more detailed and exact information about the situation and obtaining ability of cash．And thus they will have an accurate，credible judgment of paying ability in cash, debt repayment ability and the demand of external funds for higher rural financialsupervision system．Key words financial supervision, Rebuilding, Influencing factors, the Statement of Cash FlowRural finance provides capital support and financial services for modern agriculture and rural economic development, and helps rural small and medium-sized enterprise to overcome development chokes. Rural finance is of great significance in facilitating socialist new village construction and realizing the urban-rural balanced development[1]. Therefore, Chinese Communist Party pointed out that rural finance is the core of modern rural economy. Under the background of implementing policies concerning agriculture, rural areas and farmers, how to regulate rural financial market order; construct healthy rural financial environment and form the benign competition of rural financial market to provide long-term and effective capital support and financi al services for agricultural development, farmers’income increase, rural face lift have become a hot and difficult problems concerned by governments and scholars[2]. We think that rebuilding Chinese rural financial supervision system is a reasonable and effective way of solving the problem. So the paper conducted systematic and detailed analysis on rebuilding the influencing factors of rural financial supervision system and put forward the paths for rebuilding rural financial supervision system to provide reference for the rural financial work of governments and researchers from academic circles.In our country, the decision maker to manage rural financial market ，on one side，lacks the abifity to adjust and control，on another Side，makes deficient use of saving currency and uses inefficient capital．To make it well and craftily, the change of cash- flow statement must be studied．Though the department of Finance has announced‘the cash—flow statement of institutional unit’(trial)，it is used only from the cash—flow statement of corporation--income of national activities belongs to the cash of management activities, to my acknowledgement，which doesn,t consider the special management model and current condition of our rural financial system. Due to the study of cash flow of rural financial system incurrent condition, this paper aims atfurther researching it, which is quite prospective and practical．1. Rebuilding Rural Financial Supervision System is in favor of regulating rural financial market order1.1 The importance of rebuilding Chinese rural financial supervision systemRural policy ﬁnance in China's ﬁnancial system is the important part in the city, from the general commercial ﬁnance, in promoting the development of rural economy at present, promote the reform of rural ﬁnancial system, establish and improve the rural ﬁnancial system, strengthening the rural ﬁnancing of benign loop, strengthen rural policy ﬁnance regulation law have sufﬁcient actual basis and theoretical signiﬁcance.As shown on the cash flow statement , The total. of agriculture-related loans is enormous. At present, privateloan in chinese rural financial market is active. Due to the lack of perfect organizations as formal channels for providing loans, a large majority of rural private finance is conducted in private, which led to many uncertain factors and increased the risks of rural financial market. Perfect rural financial supervision system can well display its functions on supervision and effectively find the problems[3]. It can well prevent and control the illegal privateloan and usurious loan from Mafia-style organizations and it is conducive to regulate the normal operation of rural financial market and promote the legal, systematic and normal operation of rural financial activities under the supervision system. The supervision system can make the behavior results more open and transparent and is beneficial to various rural financial institutions to launch the fair and equal financial services to form benign competition．1.2 It is beneficial to locating the role of rural financial organization and better providing financial services for" three rural problems"Rural financial organization should serve the"three rural problems" and provide long-term and effective capital support and financial services for new villageconstruction[4]. But in the actual operation, rural financial organizations often stray away from their role more or less，which leads to the capital and financial services to flow to non-agricultural industries or organizations.Through establishing the perfecting rural financial supervision system, the money flow and financial service subjects can be accurately supervised to find the deviance .Besides, it can prevent the money and services used for supporting agriculture, rural areas and farmers from flowing to non-agricultural industries. The establishment and perfection of rural financial supervision system can enhance the functions of rural financial organizations and help them to play its role stipulated by the law to provide more effective and high quality financial services for " three rural problems".2 Rebuilding the influencing factors of Chinese rural financial supervision system2.1 Rural financial legislation is relatively backward and the supervision department lacks the necessary legal basisThe prerequisite of rural financial supervision is the perfect laws and regulations to ensure there are laws and regulations to go by and observed. However, China is in the transformation period, its society and economy develop rapidly, but the legislation can no keep up with social reform. The legislation of rural finance is separate with the practice of rural finance，which results in the invalidation of laws and regulations of rural financial behaviors. The law - breaker will take the advantage of the invalidation of laws and regulations and evade legal punishment[5]. What’s worse, due to the lack of necessary laws and regulations, the government and financial supervision departments do not have laws and regulations to clarify rural financial behaviors, so they can not effectively supervise and manage rural financial behaviors. At the same time, the backward of legislation also leads to the imperfect legal system of rural finance. The comprehensive, clear and targeted rural financial supervision system has not been formed completely, which results in the "short - board effect" of the whole laws and regulations of rural finance and the difficulties of rural financial supervisionare expanded.2.2 The weak supervision administration leads to themalposition，offside and vacancy of rural financial supervisionCoupled with the rapid development of Chinese rural economy and national economy as taking economic construction as the core, some local governments only pursue the economic developmental performance and stress investment and development of rural finance, but ignore the supervision functions of rural financial market. The problems are as follows: in the first place, the governmental departments can not supervise rural financial market with reason. Rural finance started quite recently, so the current supervision way on rural finance mainly adopts the supervision way of urban finance affected by the factors in terms of policy, culture and economy. But rural finance has its own characteristics and developmental trend, which lead to the separation of governmental supervision from rural financial market. In the second place, governmental supervision on rural financial market often happens after the financial crimes, that is the negative supervision on financial crimes[6]. The governmental department can not positively administrate and manage rural finance, so rural financial supervision stays in the negative and pessimistic state. In the third place, the role played by governmental departments and responsibility definition of them are unclear, which leads to the multiple execution of rural financial supervision and various departments try to fight for the interests while evade their responsibilities. The mal-position, offside and vacancy of rural financial supervision will be resulted in countryside and farmers．In order to strengthen financial supervision as well as to enhance the independence of the Central Bank in formulating and implementing the monetary policy, China established the China Banking Regulatory Commission (CBRC) in April this year as a special watchdog for the banking industry. Such an event is of profound significance for strengthening financial supervision. It, however, does not mean that the Central Bank is no longer responsible for and involved in financial supervision in China. To the contrary, the Central Bank, after the birth of the CBRC, still needs to bring intofull play its unique role in financial supervision that goes beyond other financial supervisory authorities.3. Suggestions about Rebuilding Rural Financial Supervisiona special law and regulation targeted at rural financial supervision. The legislators should fully survey the reality of rural financial work; stipulate the rural financial supervision law starting from the reality of rural financial market; clearly define the main body of rural financial supervision and rationally plan the responsibilities of each supervision main body to let them know their rights and responsibilities and the mutual relations among other main bodies, so as to supervise rural finance with law. . the legal system of rural finance should be established and perfected. the role played by governmental department in rural financial supervision should be clearly defined[7]. The details of its functions should be stipulated and the main body of responsibility should be clarified to include the supervision of local government into its performance evaluation to intensify the supervision of local governments to let them obey their obligations in constructing healthy rural financial market. the traditional lagged supervision mechanism should be improved and the prefect prior supervision should be established to scientifically and effectively predict and timely find the problems in rural financial organizations to really display the prevention functions of rural financial supervision.In order to promote the smooth achievement of rural financial organization, the internal supervision mechanism should be continuously established and perfected.To be specific, the traditional leading way should be changed and the tyranny of leaders should be changed and the democratic decisions and democratic supervision system should be introduced and the responsibility of leaders should be established. The rights and responsibility of leaders should be clarified to avoid leaders abusing their rights and evading their responsibilities[8]. The rural financial organization should start from the reality of rural finance and the features of different rural financial organizations, for example, the different functions of Agricultural Bank of China, rural credit cooperatives，postal savings and some other financial organizations shouldbe classified and the relevant self-discipline organization and supervision organization should be established. The unified rural financial supervision system should be fostered to ensure the targeted and effective supervision.the rural credit cooperation，as a type of characterized economic mode，has developed its reform project and management pattem．With China entry into WTO，the competition of the rural credit cooperation transforms from single to globalization and more opportunities as well as challenge shave been endowed to those in the rural credit cooperation. During the process of activities of the rural credit cooperation, the extemal strategy corporation partner, not only understands the condition of assets，indebtedness and netassets, but also pay more attention to the more of rival’s strength-flow of cash which can provide the information of the ability to produce cash, helping the user of statement evaluate，predict the paying capacity and liquidity in future and evaluate the financial elasticity in future, in other words, user of statement can acquaint the way used by the rural credit cooperation to collect money, and the amount of money collected，the extent of difficulties and crises to be dealt with in the hard time of finance．In my opinion，the real strength of the rural credit cooperation mainly embodies on ‘the ability to produce the in- flow cash’, moreover,the ability to produce the in flow cash in operation in the cash- flow statement in this paper is most essential．References[1]ZHAO TR. The inevitable theory and reality constraints of rural financial Supervision -based on the inspection of new rural finance pattern in China[J]. Issues in Agricultural Economy, 2007(10) : 41-44. ( in Chinese).[2]GAO ST. China’s rural problems in financial supervision and regulatory system for innovation[J]. Commercial Time. 2010( 23) : 66- 67.( in Chinese).[3]JIANG DY,ZHOU YJ, HUANG C, etal. Path selection for the construction of the common future of the new generation of migrant workers and urban residents[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural sciences, 2011 , 39(18): 11286- 11291.(in chinese）. [4]LUO SJ. The path choice and fiscal policy in post-migration era of Three Gorges Reservior[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences. 2011, 39(18): 111275-11277(inChinese).[5]LIN X, JIA XW. Influencing factors and optimization of agricultural listed companie in china[J]. Asian Agriculture Research. 2009, 1(7), 41-44.[6]Zang Jingfan. On the Informationization and Risk Supervision of Rural Cooperative financial Agencies. Electronic Finance[J]. (6) 2008:10-13 (in Chinese).[7]Tang Yangxiao. A New Thought on the Risk Supervision of Rural Cooperative Finance [J]. Southwest Finance. (11)2009:39-40 (in Chinese).[8].Zhang Deqiang. Folk Finance Supervision: Risk, Gains and Feasibility-A New Analytical Frame. [J] Study on Financial Development. (4)2008: (in Chinese):26-31.。