新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit 1
大学英语综合教程3听力全文
英语listening in 部分组最后一篇短文Unit 4Listen passage 1Traditional jobs like the chimney sweeps and coal miners from our history lessons don't really exist anymore. During the 20th century the number of people working in agriculture and manufacturing decreased significantly. In contrast, the number of people doingoffice-based jobs has more than doubled, from 18 per cent of the working population in 1901, to over 40 per cent by the end of the 20th century. Modern society has changed the way we work but these changes are not always positive. They can also create problems we may not be aware of.What does the modern office mean for the nation's health, for example? Well, firstly, office jobs are sedentary. We're sitting at our desks all day working on computers. And this means we're not exercising our bodies in the way people used to when they did more traditional jobs. It's not surprising then that we're all putting on weight. In fact, a fifth of adults over 16 were classified as overweight in 2001.But there are other less obvious dangers connected with office work. Repetitive strain injury, or RSI, and other disorders like muscle strain, neck and backache are a growing problem. It's estimated that in 2002, over a million people suffered from these kinds of health problems. As a result, 12.3 million working days were lost. The cause is simple: long periods spent sitting at the computer typing and using a mouse.Many companies now employ ergonomic experts to ensure staff are sitting correctly at their computers and take frequent breaks from typing to try and prevent injury.Another problem of the modern office is the building itself. People tend to feel tired and irritable after a day stuck inside a modern office and often get colds and flu. This phenomenon is known as "sick building syndrome" and it's caused by several factors. First of all, in many offices there is a lack of natural air and light. Secondly, within the enclosed space of an office environment, there is a high concentration of electronic devices. And as well as this, air-conditioning systems in large buildings re-circulate the air around the office, carrying germs from workstation to workstation. Research suggests sick building syndrome can be found in roughly 30 per cent of new or refurbished buildings. But there is some good news for office workers. A lot of companies are making efforts to improve office workplaces. They're installing better lighting and ventilation. They're increasing the number of plants. And they're encouraging employees to take regular breaks from their computers. So if anyone listening is in an office, take this simple advice: get up, have a stretch, open a window—if you can—and think of ways you can stay healthy in this most unnatural environment.Unit 5Listen passage1Next I will look at the roles of individuals within groups. A group that is made up of individuals who have similar personalities may not work effectively. In the 1980s Belbin identified eight different roles that can help build effective teams. The "Chairperson" is someone who is self-confident and encourages others to contribute.Then there is the "Company worker"—he or she is conservative and helps organize others.The "Shaper" is outgoing and dynamic and motivates others—whereas the "Plant" is a genius who is often a loner.The "Resource investigator" is the group member who is always curious and explores new ideas and the "Monitor-evaluator" is calm and serious and makes good, balanced decisions.The "Teamworker" in contrast is a socially orientated and sensitive member of the team who is able to encourage a team spirit. And the "Completer-finisher" is a conscientious perfectionist who follows through on the details and ties up any loose ends. To be effective, a team needs to have a variety of members who can fulfil all these different roles.Unit 7passage 1When you have a biscuit with your cup of tea do you dunk it? And if so, what's the perfect way to do it? That's the subject of today's Science in Action report. It may be hard to believe but scientists at the University of Bristol have been analyzing this question. And after a two-month study they devised a mathematical formula for dunking biscuits. So no more melting chocolate, or biscuit crumbs in the bottom of your cup, which is the fate of one in four biscuits that are dunked in tea, according to research by a biscuit manufacturer.Doughnut dunkers don't face the same problems because doughnuts are held together with an elastic net of protein gluten. This substance allows the doughnut to absorb liquid without breaking down its structure. The structure of a biscuit, however, is held together by sugar which melts when placed in hot tea or coffee.So what is the answer? The researchers, led by Dr Len Fisher, discovered that holding the biscuit in a horizontal position—or "flat-on"—has a significant effect on the amount of time that a biscuit can stay in hot liquid before falling apart. In fact this horizontal dunking results in a dunking time up to four times longer than traditional vertical dunking.What's the reason for this? It seems that the answer is related to diffusion, in other words, the length of time it takes for the liquid to penetrate the structure of the biscuit. Basically, it takes longer for the liquid to travel through the channels of a biscuit when it is laid flat on the surface of the liquid. Also the fact that when a biscuit is dunked horizontally, with the biscuit submerged in the liquid, and the chocolate coating staying out of the liquid, the chocolate helps hold the biscuit together. Another factor influencing the equation is the temperature of the tea – the hotter the tea, the faster the sugar melts.The researchers also found that by dunking a biscuit into tea or coffee, up to ten times more flavour is released than if the biscuit is eaten dry. So it's worth experimentingyourself. If you are wondering how you can perfect the horizontal dunk, the researchers have come up with an idea for a biscuit-holding device to make dunking biscuits easier. They are even now working on producing a table giving guidelines on dunking times for different types of biscuits.On that note, I think it's time to go off to the canteen for a tea break!。
全新版大学英语听说教程第三册听力原文Unit.doc
Unit 14Part BText 1Genetic Engineering: for Better or Worse?Technology is not only used to build spaceships and high-speed computers. It is also being used to create new plants and animals. This technology is known as genetic engineering. At the moment people all over the world are arguing about its benefits and drawbacks.Some people are concerned that genetically engineered plants may harm the environment. Others are worried that they may be dangerous for people to eat.For many years farmers have crossbred plants to create new types of plants that were, for example, bigger, stronger, or more attractive. Crossbreeding can take many years, however, and it is not precise. Now we can change exact sections of DNA, so the process is more accurate and faster.There are many reasons for changing plants in this way. Some genetically engineered plants can live through frost or draught. As a result, farmers can make more profit because fewer plants will die. Other genetically engineered plants are more nutritious, have less fat, taste better or stay fresher than non-genetically engineered plants. This will allow people to buy better-quality fruit and vegetables.Another advantage of genetically engineered plants is that some can resist natural pests such as viruses or insects. This reduces the amount of chemicals needed to kill pests, which is helpful to the environment.However, genetically engineered plants can cause unexpected problems. Genetically engineered plants that resist pests may pass on that characteristic to a wild relative. This may cause the wild plant to spread fast, because pests are not naturally killing it. Genetically engineered plants can also harm animals. A type of corn has been developed that kills a species of insect that destroys it. The pollen from this corn, however, can also kill monarch butterflies, which do not harm the corn.Genetic engineering is a very new science and we have a lot to learn about the good it can do and the damage it can cause. The main concern is that not enough tests are being done to ensure it is safe.Statements:1. Genetic engineering is a technology which is being used to _______.2. Crossbreeding takes a _______ compared with genetic engineering.3. According to the passage, genetic engineering enables plants to survive with little _______.4. Genetic engineering can help farmers _______.5. According to the passage, one of the problems caused by genetic engineering might be_______.Text 2BioethicsMan: I've just been reading this amazing article about genetic engineering. The things they can do now.Woman: I know, it's frightening, isn't it?Man: No, not a bit. I mean if we can produce fruit that doesn't rot, animals that eat less and produce more, what's so scary about that?Woman: OK. But you know those new microorganisms that they are producing. Well, you only need a laboratory accident and the effects would be far more disastrous than AIDS, for instance.Man: Why are you always so negative?Woman: I'm not negative.Man: Soon I'll be able to have a genetic screening done and they'll be able to tell me what diseases I'm likely to have.Woman: OK. But what if they tell you you're going to have a disease for which there's currently no known cure? That's not going to be much help, is it?Man: Yeah, but if I know it's hereditary then I might think twice before having any children. Woman: But you know where all this is leading, don't you? To a revival of eugenics, like they're going to be able to remove potentially harmful genes, like the ones that cause criminality, low IQ.Man: And people like you with a bit of luck!Woman: No, seriously. They can take a piece of someone's hair now and tell you all about that person's medical life. Now that could be an incredible invasion of someone's privacy. Man: What do you mean?Woman: Look. So at your job interview they ask you for a piece of hair, ring you up ten days later or whatever and tell you they don't want to employ you because you've got such and sucha disease and you might die in five years.Man: Don't be absurd.Woman: I'm not being absurd.Man: Do you think people would let them get away with that, huh? What is all this? It sounds like you've been reading 1984. Why don't you look on the practical side of things for a change?Statements:1. Both the speakers are against genetic engineering.2. The woman sounds very optimistic about genetic engineering.3. Genetic screening can tell you what diseases you may possibly develop.4. Genes that cause criminality or low IQ can be removed from human bodies.5. A job interviewer will resort to genetic screening to find out whether a job interviewee ishealthy or not.Part CBBC under Fire over GM Crop DramaThe BBC has been accused of exciting the hysteria surrounding genetically modified crops with a new thriller. The criticism comes from Dr. Mark Tester, who was a scientific adviser on the forthcoming two-part drama, Fields of Gold. Dr. Tester has disowned the thriller, saying he was ignored when he told the BBC the plot was impossible.Fields of Gold is to be broadcast on June 8 and 9 on BBC1. It follows two journalists investigating a mystery illness threatening the world, which turns out to have been spread by genetically modified wheat. Its central theme is the transfer of genes that are resistant to antibiotics from crops to a superbug.The BBC said Dr. Tester changed his tune after originally telling them that the central theme was a possibility.Dr. Tester, who is a lecturer at Cambridge University's Department of Plant Sciences, said, "The program makers had been blinded by their political agenda. It presents ridiculous errors of fact that give rise to anti-GM hysteria."Dr. Tester said he had also been asked to look at the script before it went to production, and had pointed out the errors then, but was ignored.However, a BBC spokeswoman said Dr. Tester told the program makers that the story was "unlikely" but "by no means impossible."She added, "Like many thrillers, this is a fictional drama which does not mean to be a documentary. It examines the dramatic consequences of an extreme situation which is the subject of considerable debate amongst the scientific community."Questions:1. What is the name of the BBC drama?2. When would it be broadcast?3. What were the two journalists investigating in the drama?4. What was the cause of the illness described in the drama?5. What did Dr. Mark Tester think of the plot of the drama?6. What did the BBC say about Dr. Tester?7. What would the drama give rise to according to Dr. Tester?Part DMaking a New MosquitoBloodsucking mosquitoes are perhaps Earth's most persistent pest, delivering malaria, yellow fever and a host of other diseases each year to more than half a billion people and killing between2 million and3 million. Numerous gallons of pesticides are sprayed each year in an effort to wipe out the tiny beasts. But the results have not been good. Many species of mosquitoes have become resistant to insecticides.For nearly two decades scientists have been thinking of creating a designer mosquito that would have no ability to spread diseases. Finally in 1998, using technologies developed in genetic engineering, scientists succeeded in producing a new type of mosquitoes with red eyes. These mosquitoes not only look different but act in a different way. Every time they suck blood, a substance that recognizes bacteria and kills them will be produced.The major challenge for scientists today is to create a species of mosquitoes that are incapable of transmitting malaria. For this they will have to turn their attention from the laboratory species to malaria-causing species in the wild.As scientists move closer to their goal, they are facing a growing argument over whether it is practicable or wise to create such genetically engineered creatures and set them loose in the environment. One of the problems is that genetically engineered mosquitoes would need to be created for each of the estimated 100 species that carry illnesses that affect humans. Furthermore, strains of these mosquitoes vary from place to place. Even though these problems can be solved, where is the village or town that wants a million or so biting mosquitoes released?Statements:1. Pesticides have gradually become ineffective against many species of mosquitoes.2. Scientists have been planning to create a designer mosquito to kill existing mosquitoes that spread diseases.3. It's rather difficult for scientists to put their ideas into practice because mosquitoes are very small.4. Using GE technology, scientists succeeded in creating a lab mosquito that is blind.5. The new mosquitoes will soon be set loose in the environment.6. Many people consider it unwise to create genetically engineered mosquitoes.7. It's a big problem having to create genetically engineered mosquitoes for every species of disease-spreading mosquito.重点单词及词组Part Bgenetic engineering 基因工程argue about 议论某事drawbacks 缺点attractive 吸引人的precise 精确的nutritious 有营养的frost 结霜bioethics 生物伦理学microorganism 微生物negative 否定的hereditary 遗传的eugenics 优生学criminality 犯罪invasion 入侵Part Caccused of 因某事控告某人hysteria 歇斯底里thriller 惊悚片disown 否认antibiotics 抗生素ridiculous 可笑的scientific community 科学界Part Dbloodsucking 吸血动物的mosquito 蚊子malaria 疟疾gallon 加仑pesticide 杀虫剂。
全新版大学英语综合教程3 unit 1
Changes in the way We live
Unit 1 : Text A
Mr. Doherty Builds
His Dream Life
New College English Book 3
Outline
1 Warm-up
2 Text Organization
3 Language Points 4 Assignment 4
better education Better health care Higher living standard Stunning entertainment Convenient transportation More working opportunities
City Life
Disadvantages:
Part Ⅱ Background Information
City Life vs. Country Life
Which life is better, in your opinion, living in the countryside or living in the city? Why?
Advantages:
3.Buying Insurance
People face many choices when buying insurance policies. They commonly choose an insurance provider based on several criteria. Some of the most important of these include: 1) the financial stability of the insurance company, 2) the price of policies, and 3) details of coverage and service.
全新版大学英语听说教程第三册听力原文和答案解析.pdf
全新版大学英语听说教程第三册听力原文及答案Unit 1Part BText 1Dating with My Mother (Part One)After 22 years of marriage, I have discovered the secret to keep love alive in my relationship with my wife, Peggy. I started dating with another woman.It was Peggy's idea. One day she said to me, 'Life is too short, you need to spend time with the people you love. You probably won't believe me, but I know you love her and I think that if the two of you spend more time together, it will make us closer.'The 'other' woman my wife was encouraging me to date is my mother, a 72-year-old widow who has lived alone since my father died 20 years ago. Right after his death, I moved 2,500 miles away to California and started my own life and career. When I moved back near my hometown six years ago, I promised myself that I would spend more time with mom. But with the demands of my job and three kids, I never got around to seeing her much beyond family get-togethers and holidays.Mom was surprised and suspicious when I called and suggested the two of us go out to dinner and a movie.'What's wrong?' she asked.'I thought it would be nice to spend some time with you,' I said. 'Just the two of us.''I would like that a lot,' she said.When I pulled into her driveway, she was waiting by the door with her coat on. Her hair was curled, and she was smiling. 'I told my lady friends I was going out with my son, and they were all impressed. They can't wait to hear about our evening,' Mother said.Exercise 1: 1. c 2. a 3.bQuestions:1. What would make the speaker closer to his wife, Peggy?2. What do you know about the speaker's mother?3. Which of the following adjectives best describes Peggy?Exercise 2:1. She suggested that her husband spend more time with his mother. She said to her husband, "Life is too short, but you need to spend time with the people you love. You probably won't believe me, but I know you loveher and I think that if the two of you spend more time together , it will make us closer."2. 1) ...she was waiting by the door with her coat on and she had her hair curled.2) She had told her lady friends about this.Text 2Dating with My Mother (Part Two)We didn't go anywhere fancy, just a neighborhood place where we could talk. Since her eyes now see only large shapes and shadows, I had to read the menu for both of us.'I used to be the reader when you were little,' she said.'Then it is time for you to relax and let me return the favor,' I said.We had a nice talk over dinner, just catching up on each other's lives. We talked for so long that we missed the movie.'I'll go out with you again,' my mother said as I dropped her off, 'but only if you let me buy dinner next time.'I agreed.'How was your date?' my wife asked when I got home that evening. 'Nice...nicer than I thought it would be,' I said.Mom and I get out for dinner a couple of times a month. Sometimes we take in a movie, but mostly we talk. I tell her about my trails at work and brag about the kids and Peggy. Mom fills me in on family gossip and tells me about her past. Now I know what it was like for her to work in a factory during the Second World War. I know how she met my father there, and know how they went through the difficult times. I can't get enough of these stories. They are important to me, a part of my history. We also talk about the future. Because of health problems, my mother worries about the days ahead.Spending time with my mom has taught me the importance of slowing down. Peggy was right. Dating another woman has helped my marriage.Exercise 1: 1. c 2. d 3. dQuestions:1. What does the story mainly tell us?2. Which of the following is true?3. What can you learn from the story?Exercise 2: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. FQuestions:1.It can be inferred that the speaker’s mother often took him out todinner when he was small.2.The mother has poor eyesight now.3.On their first date the speaker took his mother out to dinner and amovie.4.The speaker’s parents worked in the same factory during the SecondWorld War.5.The speaker and his mother now meet once every month.Part CConversation 1:W: You know, many American parents are now wondering why they can't keep their teenage children from drinking.M: I'm aware of that. To my mind, it's the permissive attitude of the parents that is to blame.Q: What can you learn from the man's response?Conversation 2:M: Don't you think it's good to give our children a monthly allowance? W: I think so. It can teach them the value of money. With a monthly allowance they can learn to budget their expenses wisely.Q: What are they talking about?Conversation 3:M: Mom, I've got a part-time job at a supermarket. Three hours a day weekdays and all day Saturday.W: Congratulations, Tom. But are you sure you can handle it? What about your homework and your piano lessons?Q: How does the mother feel about Tom's part-time job at the supermarket? Conversation 4:M: Hey, Mary. You look so upset. What happened?W: My father had an accident the other day. He is now in hospital and will have an operation tomorrow. You see, his heart is rather weak. I really don't know whether he can survive it.Q: What's the woman worried about?Conversation 5:W : Mother's Day is coming soon. Could you tell me what sons and daughters do in your country on that day?M: Well, they send their mothers flowers and cards to celebrate theoccasion. Besides, it is a common practice for them to wear pink carnations on that day.Q: Which of the following is true of the customs of Mother's Day in the man's country?1. b2. c3. b4. d5. dPart DMy First JobMy parents ran a small restaurant. It was open twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. My first job was shining shoes for customers when I was six years old. My duties increased as I grew older. By age ten I was clearing tables and washing plates. My father made it clear that I had to meet certain standards. I had to be on time, hard-working and polite to the customers. I was never paid for any work I did. One day I made the mistake of telling Dad I thought he should give me ten pounds a week. He said, "OK, then how about you paying me for the three meals a day when you eat here and for the times you bring your friends here for free drinks?" He figured I owed him about 40 pounds a week. This taught me quite a lot.Statements:1. The speaker had more than one responsibility at his parents' restaurant.2. The speaker's parents kept their business open around the clock.3. It can be inferred that the speaker's family lived in the United States.4. It seems that the speaker's father was very strict with him but quite kind to his friends.5. The father finally agreed to pay his child for his work but would deduct the cost of his meals.6. This story shows that the speaker has very unhappy memories of his childhood.Unit 2Part BText1What a Coincidence! (Part One)Andrew had always wanted to be a doctor. But the tuition for a medical school in 1984 was 15,000 dollars a year, which was more than his family could afford. To help him realize his dream, his father, Mr. Stewart, a real estate agent, began searching the house-for-sale ads in newspapers in order to find extra business. One advertisement that he noted down wasfor the sale of a house in a nearby town. Mr. Stewart called the owner, trying to persuade him to let him be his agent. Somehow he succeeded and the owner promised that he would come to him if he failed to get a good deal with his present agent. Then they made an appointment to meet and discuss the thing.As good things are never easy to acquire, the time for the appointment had to be changed almost ten times. On the day when they were supposed to meet at 3 o'clock in the afternoon, Mr. Stewart received another call from the owner. His heart sank as he feared there would be another change of time. And so it was. The owner told him that he couldn't make it at three but if he would come right then, they could talk it over. Mr. Stewart was overjoyed. Leaving everything aside, he immediately set out to drive to the house.As he approached the area, he had a strange feeling of having been there before. The streets, the trees, the neighborhood, all looked familiar to him. And when he finally reached the house, something clicked in his mind. It used to be the house of his father-in-law! The old man had died fifteen years ago but when he was alive, he had often visited him with his wife and children. He remembered that, like his son Andrew, his father-in-law had also wanted to study medicine and, failing to do so, had always hoped that one of his two daughters or his grandchildren could someday become a doctor.Exercise 1:1. b 2. a 3. d 4. cQuestions:1. Who are the two main characters in the story you have just heard?2. How did Mr. Stewart get to know the owner of the house?3. What problem did Mr. Stewart have?4. What is the coincidence in the story you have just heard?Exercise 2:1984 / son / medical school / tuition / afford it / realize / newspaper ads / extra business / advertisement / succeeded / agent / changed / phone call / put aside / doing / immediately / familiar / father-in-law's / visited / his father-in-law alive / coincidenceText2What a Coincidence! (Part Two)When he entered the house, Mr. Stewart was even more amazed to find that the house was decorated exactly as he had remembered it. He told the owner about this and the latter became intrigued too. However, they were in for even greater surprises. It so happened that in the middle of their discussion, a postman came to deliver a letter. And the letter wasaddressed to Mr. Stewart's father-in-law! Were it not for Mr. Stewart's presence there and then, the letter would be returned as no person of that name lived in the house any longer. As the postman demanded a signature on the receipt slip, Mr. Stewart signed for his long-deceased father-in-law. Mystified, the owner urged Mr. Stewart to open the letter and see what it contained. The letter was from a bank. When he opened it, two words immediately met his eye -- 'For education'. It was a bank statement of an amount his father-in-law had put in years ago for his grandchildren's education needs. With the interest it had earned over the years, the standing value of the amount came to a little over $15,000, just enough money to cover the tuition of Andrew's first year at a medical college!Another thing that is worth mentioning is about the postman. The original postman, who had worked in this neighborhood, called in sick that day. So the postman, who was new to the area, came to deliver mail in his place. Had it been the old postman, the letter would undoubtedly be returned to the sender as he knew full well that no person bearing that name lived in that house any longer.The miracle was a blessing for Andrew. With the money given to him by his grandfather he was able to study medicine. Now he is a doctor in Illinois.Exercise 1: 1. T 2. F 3. F 4. F 5. F Statements:1. Several coincidences happened in the story.2. The coincidences made it possible for the owner to sell his house ata good price.3. No one actually benefited from the coincidences.4. It can be inferred that Mr. Stewart did not have to seek extra work from then on.5. With the extra money Mr. Stewart had earned, Andrew's dream finally came true.Exercise 2:1. He was intrigued.2. A bank statement.3. his father-in-law had put an amount of money in the bank for his grandchildren's education.4. A little over $15,000.5. He could use the money to cover the tuition of his first year at a medical college.6. He is a doctor in Illinois.Part CDad Stops for Gas, Finds Lost SonNueng Garcia was the son of an American serviceman stationed in Thailand in 1969. But his father went back to the States when Nueng was only three months old. When he grew up Nueng immigrated to the United States and worked as a gas station clerk in Pueblo, Colorado. His dream was to find his father John Garcia. Year after year, he tried in vain to search for information about the whereabouts of his father.It was a fine day in Pueblo. There was not a cloud in the blue sky. But for him, it was just another day on the job. Suddenly he noticed the name of one customer who paid with a check. The man, who was in his fifties, had the same surname as his own. Nueng raised his head from the check and looked at the man. Could this be his father?"Are you John Garcia?" he asked."Yes," came the answer."Were you ever in the Air Force?""Yes.""Were you ever in Thailand?""What's that to do with you?" answered the man, who became suspicious by then."Were you or were you not?" Nueng persisted."Yes.""Did you ever have a son?"At this truth dawned on the man. They stared at each other and realized at the same moment that they were father and son who were separated 27 years ago and half a world away.John Garcia hadn't seen his son since 1969. He lost touch with Nueng's mother when she started seeing another man. He moved to Pueblo nine years ago. He said he never went to that gas station, wasn't even low on gas that day and hardly ever paid with a check.Exercise: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5. T 6. T 7. F 8. T Statements:1. Nueng's parents divorced when he was only 3 months old.2. After moving to the U.S.A., Nueng worked at a gas station in Colorado.3. Nueng never gave up his efforts to find his father, but John Garcia had never looked for his son.4. One day while at work Nueng's eyes fell on the photo of a customer's driver's license, and the man in the photo looked like his father.5. John Garcia was once in the U.S. Air Force stationed in Thailand.6. John Garcia and his son didn't meet each other again until 1996.7. Nueng's father said he often went to that gas station but never paid with a check.8. It was by coincidence that John Garcia and his son were reunited aftermany years of separation.Part DUnexplained ParallelsOne of the best-known collections of parallels is between the careers of Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy. Both were shot on a Friday, in the presence of their wives; both were succeeded by a Southerner named Johnson; both their killers were themselves killed before they could be brought to justice. Lincoln had a secretary called Kennedy; Kennedy a secretary called Lincoln. Lincoln was killed in the Ford Theater; Kennedy met his death while riding in a Lincoln convertible made by the Ford Motor Company -- and so on.Similar coincidences often occur between twins. A news story from Finland reported of two 70-year-old twin brothers dying two hours apart in separate accidents, with both being hit by trucks while crossing the same road on bicycles. According to the police, the second victim could not have known about his brother's death, as officers had only managed to identify the first victim minutes before the second accident.Connections are also found between identical twins who have been separated at birth. Dorothy Lowe and Bridget Harrison were separated in 1945, and did not meet until 1979, when they were flown over from Britain for an investigation by a psychologist at the University of Minnesota. They found that when they met they were both wearing seven rings on their hands, two bracelets on one wrist, a watch and a bracelet on the other. They married on the same day, had worn identical wedding dresses and carried the same flowers. Dorothy had named her son Richard Andrew and her daughter Catherine Louise; Bridget had named her son Andrew Richard and her daughter Karen Louise. In fact, she had wanted to call her Catherine. Both had a cat called Tiger. They also had a string of similar mannerisms when they were nervous.How can we explain the above similarities?Exercise:1)Shot, Friday, wives2)Succeeded, Johnson3)killers, brought, justice4)secretaries5)Ford theater, Lincoln6)Died, accidents7)trucks, same road8)met, 34, seven rings, wrist, watch9)Married, wedding dresses, same flowers10) similar, children11) cat, TigerStatements:1. Both Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy were killed by a Southerner.2. John F. Kennedy's secretary was named after Abraham Lincoln.3. The news story told about the traffic accidents that killed two twin brothers.4. It can be inferred from the passage that more parallel phenomena are studied in the United States than in any other country.5. Coincidences occurring in three nations are described in the passage.6. Some psychologists' interest is the research on coincidences between twins.7. According to the speaker, coincidences occur much more often between twins than between people who are not related.8. The speaker does not mention his/her own opinion on whether these parallels can be explained.Unit 3Part BText 1A Marriage Agreement (Part One)(Tom and Linda have signed a marriage agreement. Both agree not to break the rules outlined in the agreement. John, a reporter, is talking to them about the agreement.)John: Tom, Linda, first I'd like to ask you why you decided to write this unusual agreement.Tom: We found that many problems are caused when a person has different expectations from his or her spouse. We wanted to talk about everything openly and honestly before we started living together.Linda: Also we both know how important it is to respect each other's pet peeves. Like, I can get very annoyed if others leave stuff -- clothing, papers, everything! -- lying around on the floor. It really bugged me, so we put that in the agreement.John: This is mentioned in Article 1: Cleaning Up, isn't it? It says, "Nothing will be left on the floor overnight. Everything must be cleaned up and put away before going to bed."Tom: Then I'll know clearly what Linda's expectations are.John: I see. What about Article 2: Sleeping? It says, "We will go to bed at 11 p.m. and get up at 6:30 a.m. except on weekends." I'm sure some people hearing this will think that this agreement isn't very romantic. Tom: Well, we disagree. We think it's very romantic. This agreement shows that we sat down and talked, and really tried to understand the other person. A lot of problems occur in a marriage when people don't talk aboutwhat they want.Linda: That's right. When we disagreed about something, we worked out a solution that was good for both of us. I would much rather have Tom really listen to me and understand my needs than give me a bunch of flowers or a box of candy.Exercise 1: 1. b 2. c 3.aQuestions:1. Which statement best summarizes the marriage agreement between Tom and Linda?2. According to Tom, what will give rise to problems in a marriage?3. What can be inferred about Linda from the conversation?Exercise 2:1. Because she wanted to understand each other's expectations so that potential problems could be avoided and they could live happily together.2. Cleaning up. Everything must be cleaned up and put away before going to bed.3. Sleeping. Time for bed: 11pm; time to get up: 6:30am except on weekends.Text 2A Marriage Agreement (Part Two)John: Linda, do you spend a lot of time checking to see if the other person is following the rules? Arguing?Linda: No, not at all.Tom: A lot of couples argue because they don't understand each other's expectations. I think we spend less time arguing than most couples because we both know what the other person expects.John: What happens if one of you breaks a rule?Tom: Well, that's in Article 13 of our agreement.John: Is it? Oh yes, Article 13: Breaking Rules. "If you break a rule, you must apologize and do something nice for the other person to make it up."Linda: Yeah, like last time Tom broke the rule of driving.John: What's the rule?Linda: The rule is we must ask for directions if we are driving and get lost for more than five minutes.John: What happened?Tom: We were driving to a friend's wedding, and we got lost. Linda wanted to stop at a gas station to ask for directions, but I thought I could figure it out.Linda: Then we drove forty miles in the wrong direction and ended up being late for the wedding.Tom: So I took her out to dinner. I knew what I should do to apologize. John: That's very important, I think, knowing how to apologize. By the way, do you plan to update your agreement at all? What if things change in your life and a rule doesn't work anymore?Linda: We've thought about that too. Article 14 states that we must review this agreement once a year and make necessary changes.John: Well, it was really nice talking to you both. Thank you very much for your time.Tom & Linda: Thank you.Exercise 1: 1. F 2.F 3.T 4.TStatements:1. Tom and Linda never argue because they both know what the other person expects.2. Once Tom broke Article 14 and apologized to Linda by taking her out to dinner.3. If some of the rules in the marriage agreement become outdated, changes will be made to update them.4. It seems that both Tom and Linda are satisfied with their marriage agreement.Exercise 2:1. One rule says that if they get lost for more than five minutes when they are driving, they must stop and ask for directions.2. Once Tom and Linda got lost when they were driving to a friend's wedding.3. Linda wanted to stop at a gas station to ask the way, but Tom thought he could figure it out.4. As a result, they were late for the wedding because they went in the wrong direction for forty miles.Part CA Perfect MatchAre you looking for a good relationship with someone special? What type of person is the best person for you? Is it the person with the highest IQ? Is it the most beautiful or most handsome person? How about the richest person or the most ambitious? Is your ideal partner the most traditional or the most modern person? Is he or she the person most like you, or most unlike you?The answer, psychologists say, is none of the above. Why? Because they are all extremes. In a number of research studies, psychologists asked couples these questions. The answers were clear. Most people are happy with moderation -- with partners who are not the most or the best (or the least or the worst). People are more comfortable with partnerswho are not so special.The research showed several other important things. In a love relationship, two things can cause trouble. First, trouble happens when both people get angry quickly. This is not surprising. Second, trouble happens when people don't expect to change themselves in a relationship. Do you stay calm when you disagree with someone? Are you ready to change yourself? If you can tolerate disagreement and are willing to change, maybe you are ready for a serious relationship.Exercise:1. ...not so special/not extremes2. a. ...get angry quicklyb. ...change themselves...Statements: 1. F 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. T 6. T1. The passage implies that the perfect match for you is a person who is most unlike you.2. The author argues that the most beautiful or most handsome person may not be your perfect partner.3. Moderate person, that is, the partners who are not the most or the best can be your perfect match.4. The research showed that an extreme love relationship between the two can cause trouble.5. The passage states that the anger is one of the causes that lead to the breakup of a love relationship.6. The perfect match lies in the people's attitudes to tolerate disagreement and be willing to change in a relationship.Part DHusbands and Wives Don't See Things AlikeLet's face it -- husbands and wives just don't see things alike. Take TV remote controls, for example. I'm a channel-grazer. When I watch the news, I flip back and forth through four different networks."It drives me crazy when you do that," my wife complains. I don't understand why she has no interest in other channels. After all, she is a woman who wants to know everything going on in the neighborhood and among all the relatives. Just one button away might be an interesting program on How to Lose Fifty Pounds by Eating Chocolate Sundaes or How to Understand Weird Husbands. But, no, she won't change channels, not even if she dislikes the program she's watching."This talk show host makes me so angry!" she cried one evening. "Then why don't you change the channel?" I asked."Because I can't stand people who are always changing channels." Differences. No right or wrong, just differences."The first law of civilization," said an old philosopher, "is to let people be different."I don't need to convert my wife to my ways, and she doesn't try to make me be like her. We simply take turns monitoring the remote control.Exercise:1.He frequently changes channels.2.No. It makes her very angry.3.She sticks to one channel even if she doesn’t like it.4.They take turns monitoring the remote control.5.How everything is going on in the neighborhood and among all theirrelatives.6.No. Because, as one philosopher puts it, “The first law ofcivilization is to let people be different.”Statements:1. The major difference between the speaker and his wife is their TV viewing habits.2. According to the speaker, he is more interested in talk shows while his wife is more interested in news programs.3. The wife seems to be more weird than the husband is.4. The speaker and his wife usually take turns working the remote control when they watch television.5. It can be inferred that women are generally more tolerant than men of their spouse's differences.6. The speaker and his wife maintain peace not by changing each other but by tolerance.Unit 4Part BText 1Being a Police Officer Is a Stressful JobInterviewer: Welcome to our program, Sam.Sam: Thank you.Interviewer: Sam, how long have you been a police officer?Sam: I've been a police officer for thirty years.Interviewer: Thirty years. And you've had different types of assignments on the police force, I guess.Sam: Yeah, I've done everything from patrol to undercover work to detective work, and now I'm supervising investigations.Interviewer: Sam, I think most people would say that being a police officer is a very stressful job. Would you agree?Sam: Yes, it's definitely a stressful job. But it depends on your assignment.Interviewer: So, what's probably the most stressful assignment you can have?Sam: I'd say patrol is the most stressful assignment.Interviewer: That's interesting! In what way?Sam: Well, I guess the biggest part of the stress is the fear factor -- the fear of the unknown.Interviewer: What do you mean, Sam?Sam: Well, in patrol work, you don't know from moment to moment who you are talking to or what their reaction is going to be to justify your presence. Let's say, for example, a patrol officer stops someone for a traffic violation. It seems as though that would be a very low-stress situation.Interviewer: Yes, it is a very low-stress situation.Sam: But the truth is, there are more police officers injured during a routine stop.Interviewer: Really?Sam: Really! That's why all police officers are taught from the very beginning to be aware of their surroundings. People back over policemen, people shoot policemen, people jump out at policemen -- different kinds of things. So that's probably the most stressful time.Interviewer: I see. Let's take a break and then we'll move on to our next topic.Sam: All right.Exercise 1: 1. d 2. c 3.aQuestions:1. What's the relationship between the two speakers?2. What does Sam mainly talk about?3. What do you know about Sam?Exercise 2:Sam has been a police officer for 30 years. He has done everything from patrol to undercover work. He has also done detective work and now he is supervising investigations.Sam thinks being a police officer is a very stressful job, but it depends on the assignment one has. In his opinion the biggest pert of the stress is the fear of the unknown and patrol is the most stressful assignment.Text 2Stress Reducers。
第三册听力原文unit1
Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused the Sahara Desert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle we find. People cut down trees for firewood and their domestic animals eat all the available plants -- and so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And in East Africa: here the grasslands are supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no grass -- nothing for the animals to eat.
I:
Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. What is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?
B:
Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world have to work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture -- it's a luxury people in the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.
全新版大学英语综合教程3 第一单元
Unit 1: Changes in the way we live
Advantages:
• • • • • •
Brain Storming
Better education Better health care Higher living standard Stunning entertainment Convenient transportation More working opportunities
Discussion Changes
• Are you content with your current life? Is there anything you want to change? • What’s your attitude towards changes in your life? Do you welcome them, hate them, or dread them?
by Barack Hussein Obama Jr.
• It’s the answer told by lines that stretched around schools and churches in numbers this nation has never seen, by people who waited three hours and four hours, many for the first time in their lives, because they believed that this time must be different, that their voices could be that difference. • It’s the answer spoken by young and old, rich and poor, Democrat and Republican, black, white, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, gay, straight, disabled and not disabled. Americans who sent a message to the world that we have never been just a collection of individuals or a collection of red states and blue states. We are, and always will be, the United States of America. • It’s the answer that led those who’ve been told for so long by so many to be cynical and fearful and doubtful about what we can achieve to put their hands on the arc of history and bend it once more toward the hope of a better day. • It’s been a long time coming, but tonight, because of what we did on this date in this election at this defining moment change has come to America.
综英3unit1听力翻译练习答案
to determine if the offer is fair. If you choose to negotiate for higher pay and better benefits, objective research will help you strengthfrom the porch was sweet-smelling honeysuckle. My fingers lightly touched the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just come forth to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what surprise the future held for me.
4. In the box which marked _O_U_T_, the manager dropped the letters which he had signed.
I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I supposed to my mother. Someone took it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to help me discover all things to me, and, more than anything thing else, to love me.
新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit
新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit Introduction本文档是关于新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit的文档。
该单元是大学英语综合教程中的一个听力练习单元，旨在提高学生的听力技巧和听力理解能力。
本文档将提供Unit中的听力原文，并按照Markdown文本格式进行输出。
Unit听力原文Section 1: DialoguesDialogue 1: Making an AppointmentA: Hi, is this Dr. Smith’s office?B: Yes, it is. How can I help you?A: I’d like to make an appointment to see Dr. Smith.B: Sure, when would you like to come in?A: Do you have any availability on Friday?B: Yes, we have a few openings in the morning. How about10 a.m.?A: That works for me. Can you please tell Dr. Smith that I will be a few minutes late?B: Sure, I’ll make a note of that. See you on Friday at 10 a.m.A: Thank you!Dialogue 2: Renting a CarA: Hi, I’m interested in renting a car for the weekend.B: Great! We have a variety of cars available. How long do you need it for?A: I’ll need it from Friday morning until Sunday evening.B: Alright. Do you have a preference for the size of the car?A: Not really, as long as it’s comfortable for four people.B: Alright, I have a sedan available that should fit your needs. Would you like to pick it up on Friday morning?A: Yes, that works for me. How much will it cost?B: The total cost for the weekend will be $150.A: Okay, I’ll take it. Thank you!Dialogue 3: Ordering FoodA: Hi, I’d like to place an order for delivery, please.B: Sure, what would you like to order?A: I’ll have a large pizza with pepperoni and mushrooms, and a side of garlic bread.B: Okay, anything else?A: Yes, I’ll also have a salad with Italian dressing.B: Alright, can I have your address, please?A: It’s 123 Green Street.B: And your phone number?A: 555-1234.B: Great! Your order will be delivered in about 30 minutes.A: Thank you!Section 2: MonologuesMonologue 1: Climate ChangeClimate change is one of the greatest challenges facing our planet today. It refers to the long-term shifts in temperature patterns and weather conditions caused by human activities, especially the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas. These activities release large amounts of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere, trapping heat and leading to the warming of the Earth’s surface.The consequences of climate change are far-reaching. Rising global temperatures result in more extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves. This not only poses risks to human health and safety but also threatens ecosystems and biodiversity. Furthermore, the melting of polar ice caps and glaciers contributes to rising sea levels, resulting in increased coastal erosion and the displacement of communities living in low-lying areas.Addressing climate change requires international cooperation and collective action. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and transition to renewable energy sources are crucial steps towards mitigating its effects. Additionally, initiatives to promote sustainable farming practices, protect forests, and conserve water resources are also necessary to adapt to the changing climate.It is important for individuals, communities, and governments to prioritize climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in order to ensure a sustainable future for generations to come.Conclusion本文档提供了新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit的文本输出。
大学英语听力教程第三册听力原文
大学英语听力教程第三册听力原文大学英语听力教程第三册,第二版, 听力原文UNIT1 Is the Earth Being Squeezed DryPart1 Getting readySection B1. The Amazon forests are disappearing because of increased burning and tree removal. In September, satellite pictures showed more than 20000 fires burning in the Amazon. Experts say most of these fires were set by farmers. The farmers were attempting to clear land to grow crops. The World Wildlife Fund says another serious problem is that too many trees in the Amazon rain forest are being cut down. The World Wildlife Fund says the fires show the need for urgent international action to protect the world's rain forests. The group warns that without such action some forests could be lost forever.2. Environmental issues swell to the full in Berlin this week, for the UN sponsored conference on global warming and climate change is the first such meeting since the Rio summit three years ago. With scientists and governments now generally ready to accept that the earth climate is being affected by emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases, over a hundred countries are sending delegations. But how much progress has been made implementing the greenhouse gas reduction target agreed on at Rio? Simon Dary reports.Part2 The Earth at risk (1)I: Brian Cowles is the producer of a new series of documentaries called "The Earth at Risk" which can be seen on Channel 4 later this month. Each program deals with a different continent, doesn't it, Brian?B: That's right. We went to America, both North and South and thenwe went over to Africa and South-East Asia.I: And what did you find in each of these continents?B: Starting with Africa, our film shows the impact of the population on the environment. Generally speaking, this has caused the SaharaDesert to expand. It's a bit of a vicious circle we find. People cut down trees for firewood and theirand so consequently they have to move south as the Sahara Desert expands domestic animals eat all the available plants —further south. I mean, soon the whole of Mali will become a desert. And in East Africa: here the grasslands are supporting too many animals and the result is, of course, there's no grass — nothing for theanimals to eat.I: I see. And the next film deals with North America?B: That's right. In the USA, as you know, intensive agriculture requires a plentiful supply of rain for these crops to grow; I mean if there isn't enough rain the crops don't grow. And growing cropsstabilize soil, without them the top soil just blows away. This is also true for any region that is intensely farmed — most of Europe, for example.I: And what did you find in South America?B: In South America (as in Central Africa and Southern Asia)tropical forests are being cut down at an alarming rate. This is done so that people can support themselves by growing food or to create ranches where cattle can be raised to be exported to Europe or America as tinned meat. The problem is that the soil is so poor that only a couple of harvests are possible before this very thin soil becomes exhausted. And it can't be fed with fertilizers like agricultural land in Europe. For example, in Brazil in 1982 an area of jungle the size of Britain and France combined was destroyed to make way for an iron ore mine. Huge numbers of trees are being cut down for exports as hardwood to Japan, Europe, USA to make things like luxury furniture. These forests can't be replaced — the forest soil is thin and unproductive and in just a few years, a jungle has become a waste land. Tropical forests contain rare plants (which we can use for medicines, for example) and animals — one animal or plant species becomes extinct every half hour. These forest trees also have worldwide effects. You know, they convert carbon dioxide into oxygen. The consequence of destroying forests is not only that the climate of that region changes (because there is less rainfall) but this change affects the whole world. I mean, over half the world's rainforest hasbeen cut down this century.Part3 The Earth at risk (2)Section AI: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as natural disasters are in fact man-made?1B: Yes, by and large. I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. Practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal and India, I mean higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees would hold rainfall in their roots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia have been destroyed too.I: Well, this all sounds terribly depressing. Um ... What is to be done? I mean, can anything be done, in fact?B: Yes, of course it can. First, the national governments have to be forward-looking and consider the results of their policies in ten or twenty years, not just think as far ahead as the next election. Somehow, all the countries in the world haveto work together on an international basis. Secondly, the population has to be controlled in some way: there are too many people trying to live off too little land. Thirdly, we don't need tropical hardwood to make our furniture — it's a luxury peoplein the West must do without. Softwoods are just as good, less expensive and can be produced on environment-friendly "tree farms", where trees are replaced at the same rate that they are cut down.I: And, presumably, education is important as well. People must be educated to realize the consequences of their actions?B: Yes, of course.I: Well, thank you, Brian.Section BI: So, Brian, would you agree that what we generally think of as ... er... as er ... natural disasters are in fact man-made?B: Yes, by and large ... er ... I mean, obviously not hurricanes or earthquakes, but take flooding, for example. I mean, practically every year, the whole of Bangladesh is flooded and this is getting worse. You know, the cause is that forests have been cut down up in Nepal andIndia ... I mean ... higher up-river in the Himalayas. Trees ...er ... would hold rainfall in theirroots, but if they've been cut down all the rain that falls in the monsoon season flows straight into the river Ganges and floods the whole country. The reason for flooding in Sudan is the same — the forests higher up the Blue Nile in Ethiopia havebeen destroyed too.Part4 The world is warming up.We know this because average temperatures are the highest since scientists started measuring them 600 years ago. The increase is about0.2? every year. This may seem very slight, but we know that slight changes in temperature can have a big effect on other things. Most scientists now believe this global warming is due to human activity.Jeff Jenkins is head of Britain's Climate Prediction Center. He explains how global warming can happen."Sunlight strikes the earth and warms it up. At the same time heat leaves the earth, but part of that is trapped by carbon dioxide and other gases in the earth's atmosphere. That has been happening ever since the earth was formed. But the fear is that increasing amounts of carbon dioxide produced by industrial processes and transport and so on will lead to a greater warming of the earth's surface. So that's the global warming that people are concerned about."People are most concerned about the use of fossil fuels. Fossilfuels are oil, coal, wood and so on. When these burn, they produce the gas carbon dioxide. Many scientists agree that an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide and some of the gases in the atmosphere will increase the amount of warming. Computers are being used to predict what this may mean. They showed that there could be great changes in rainfall and the rise in the sea level as ice caps in the north and south poles melt. This could have a serious effect on agriculture according to Prof. Martin Perry of University College in London. He says it could become more difficult to grow food in the tropics at lower latitudes nearer to the equator."The most clear pattern emerging is the possibility of reduced potential production in lower latitude regions, and most generally speaking, increased potential in higher latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm, to put it extremely simply, and plants there are quite near their limits of heat and drought stress. An increase in temperature or reduction in moisture would place limits on crop growth."Woman: Global warming could reduce food production in lower latitude regions. Lower latitude regions are already warm. Global warming could put more stress on plans and place limits on crop growth.2Food production is only one area that could be affected. There could also be health and social problems. Prof. Antony MacMichael of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine believes that some rural areas are already suffering. And the insects and bacteria could spread disease more easily."Already a number of rural populations around the world aresuffering from the decline of agricultural systems. Climate change would add to this. And we would expect that it would accelerate the flood of environmental refugees around the world. But it includes not just the food production systems, but the patterns of distribution of insects and infective agents around the world. It includes likely effects onpatterns of hear-related food poisoning, water contamination anddiarrhea diseases, lots of things like this that would respondsensitively to changes in climate."Woman: Global warming could affect the distribution of insects. Global warming could change patterns of heat-related food poisoning.Many countries now agree that something must be done to reduce the danger of global warming. But a worldwide agreement on lowering the production of carbon dioxide has been difficult to reach. This is because many economies depend on fossil fuels like oil. Scientists believe it's now the politicians in every region of the world who need to take action.Part5 Do you k now…?Environment has taken rather a back seat politically since the Earth summit in Rio de Janeiro nearly 5 years ago. But the problems that meeting highlighted had not gone away. One environmental think tank —the International Food PolicyResearch Institute — has been looking at the future of water andits report reflects growing concern at the huge leap in usage over the past few years.In some parts of the world, water consumption has increased five fold. And the institute, known by its initials IFPRI, says shortages could soon become the trigger for conflict and a major barrier to feeding the world's growing population. Here's Richard Black of our Science Unit."It's often been said that water rather than oil will be the cause of warfare in the next century. According to the IFPRI report, the time when that happens might not be far away. The number of people affectedby water shortage will increase ten fold over the next 30 years, it says, which could well lead to large scale conflicts.The main reason why water is becoming a scarce resource is agriculture, which now accounts for 70% of water consumption worldwide, 90% in some developing countries. Countless farmers have switched from growing indigenous crops for the home market to high yield export varieties, which inevitably need far more water. But the IFPRI report says that in some regions water shortage is now the single biggest impediment to feeding the population. Water scarcity also leads to water pollution. In the Indian State of West Bengal, for example, over extraction of water from bore holes has led to arsenic poisoning whichis estimated to have affected two million people so far. But the IFPRI report calls for better watermanagement worldwide including financial incentives to encourage conservation."------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit 2Part1 Getting readyA: Hello, I'm calling on behalf of the World Wildlife Fund.B: The what?A: The World Wildlife Fund. If you've got a few minutes I'd like to tell you what that means.B: Oh, all right.A: We work to conserve natural areas that contain endangeredwildlife. The seas, for example, have become polluted by the industrialized world; whales are being hunted to extinction; turtles are rolled off their eggs when they come ashore to breed or are slaughtered for their meat and oil …B: Oh.A: Crocodiles are killed to make handbags and shoes; walruses are hunted for their ivory.B: I see.A: Seals are bludgeoned to death to provide fur coats and the threat of extinction hangs over several species of whale, dolphin and porpoise.3B: Really.A: We are now campaigning to provide sea sanctuaries for some ofthese endangered species.B: Very interesting.A: Aided by our campaign, protected nesting sites for turtles have already been set up. As you can see, this is very valuable work and I wonder therefore if you'd like to make a donation?Part2John James Audubon was an American artist in the early 1800s, who illustrated birds in their natural habitats. The Society named after him was founded in the late 1800s by conservationists concerned with thedecline of birds, which were being killed so their feathers could be used in the manufacture of women's hats.Sponsored by the National Audubon Society, more than 40 000 volunteers will be outside counting birds from today until January 3rd. Volunteers from all 50 states of the United States, every Canadian province, parts of Central and South America, Bermuda, the West Indies and Pacific islands have begun to count and record every individual bird and bird species observed during the two and one half week period of the count.Jeffrey LeBaron is the National Audubon Society's Christmas Bird Count editor. He says the count is the longest-running bird census in ornithology.This year, according to Mr. LeBaron, more than 1 600 separate bird counts have been scheduled. Some would have as few as 10 people taking part, others with hundreds. The logistics of the Christmas bird count, he adds, are simple."Each individual count is in a circle. It's a 15 mile diameter circle, um, around the exact center point. And it's always the exactly same area that's done every year, usually, even on the same weekend during the count period. And what the ideal would be, which is virtually impossible, is this census: every single individual bird within that circle on the count day."Mr. LeBaron says experienced bird counters can get a good idea ofthe total bird populations within the count circle based on the numberof birds they actually see. The editor points out, however, that the counts are not only for experienced bird watchers."Anybody that is interested or concerned can become involved. Beginners will go out in a party with experienced individuals who know both the area and the birds in the area, in the field where more eyes and ears are better. And then anybody can point out a bird, and someone in the field will always be able to identify the bird."Part3A —Alan Tu R — Rick Troud D — Deborah Duffield P — Peter JonesJ — Jean Michel Coustea[Alan Tu is an announcer for Colorado Public Radio; Peter Jones is a reporter for Colorado Public Radio. The other speakers are identified in the report.]A: A planned aquatic park in Denver is raising the ire of animal rights activists who object to a proposal to include a captive dolphin display. Although officials for Colorado's Ocean Journeys say they have yet to make a final decision on the issue, local and national activists have already instigated a "No Dolphins in Denver' campaign. As Colorado Public Radio's Peter Jones reports, the battle lines have been clearly drawn.P: Rick Troud, a former navy dolphin trainer based in Florida, is taking an active role in the "No Dolphins" campaign.R: Average age in the wild ranges anywhere in some of the studies between 30 and 40 years of age. In captivity, you can expect a dolphinto live maybe 5.13 years, and every 7 years in captivity, the dolphin population is dead.P: According to Troud, there are many reasons why dolphins can'tlive full lives in captivity.R: If you take a look at where the real dolphin is in the real ocean, you find the dolphin who swims 40 miles a day, is very family-oriented. These animals are separated from their mothers; that's a stress. You put them in a concrete tank where their sonar bounces off of walls, theycan't swim in the same amount of time and direction that they can in the wild.P: Environmentalist and ocean explorer, Jean Michel Cousteau:J: There are some animals which reject captivity right away, andthey're very suicidal. I've had one of those in my own arms for many days. The next morning when I came to take care of him, he was dead. And what he'd done was to swim as fast as he could from one end of the pool on ... to the other side and destroyed his head by hitting the wall. They have4a very sophisticated brain. I don't think we have any rights to play with the lives of these animals.P: Cousteau's anti-captivity position is challenged by Dr. Deborah Duffield, a biology professor at Portland State College in Oregon. Her 1990 study compared captive dolphins to the wild population of Sarasota Bay, Florida. Among other findings, the study showed little if anydifference in the average age of death. And Duffield says life is generally getting better for captive dolphins.D: The census data say that every time I do a census, I've got older and older animals in it as well as this normal age distribution thatwe've been looking at. So my feeling is that the trend in captivity has been that the groups of animals that we’re following are getting older, and if they continue to do that over the next five years, they will then indeed be older than the wild population.P: There is also a debate over the educational benefits of keeping marine mammals in captivity. According to Duffield, captive dolphinsplay an important role in our basic understanding of the animals.D: I firmly believe that we cannot learn anything about organismsthat we share this world with if we do not understand how they live inan environment, and what they do, and that watching them go by in the wild will not do it. I cannot tell what an animal needs, unless I know how it operates, how it breeds, what it needs metabolically, and I can't learn that from animals in the wild.P: But Troud says the dolphin displays are anti-educational because the animals' natural behavior patterns are altered by captivity.R: In the wild, you don't have dolphins who beat each other to death. There are no dolphins that I've ever seen stranded on the beach, who are suffering from fractured skulls, fractured ribs or fractured jaws, as is the case in captivity.P: The Ocean Journey board will take all factors into consideration before making a final decision on whether to include dolphins in the park. For Colorado Public Radio, I'm Peter Jones.Part4Mr. LeBaron says there are about 9 300 different known species of birds. Larger numbers of them live in the warmer climates. For example, more than 300 different species have been counted in Panama, while far fewer species are native to colder climates. Aside from their esthetic value, Mr. LeBaron says birds are important to the environment because they can signal changes in it."Birds are one of the best indicators that we have of the quality of the environment within the given area. Whether it is a relatively local area, or even primarily on the worldwide bases, they are one of thefirst things to be altered. They are quite sensitive to a habitat alteration or to other threats. And often times when birds are disappearing out of the area, it justmeans there is a degradation of the quality of the habitat within that area which will adversely affect everything in there including humans."National Audubon Society editor Jeffrey LeBaron calls the world's bird populations a source of wealth that humans must protect."People get so much pleasure out of looking at birds and listening to birds. And if they start disappearing just the er, the quality oflife, um, may be not physically, but the mental quality of life can be degraded quickly."Jeffrey LeBaron says that while the National Audubon Society'sannual Christmas bird counts show a decline in some species, many types of birds are actually increasing their populations.Part5Scientists have cataloged more than one and one-half million of the species that exist on Earth today. By some recent estimates, at least 20 times that many species inhabit the planet..Up to 100 species becomes extinct every day. Scientists estimatethat the total number of species lost each year may climb to 40 000 by the year 2000, a rate far exceeding any in the last 65 million years..Around the world more than 3 500 protected areas exist in the formof parks, wildlife refuges and other reserves. These areas cover a total of about 2 million square miles (5 million square km, or 3% of our total land area)..Today, more than 200 animal species in the United States are classified as endangered. More than 1 000 animal5species are endangered worldwide..Little-noticed aquatic animals are in big trouble. In North America, a third of our fish species, two-thirds of our crayfish species and nearly three-quarters of the mussel species are in trouble.------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Unit 3part1Looking here at Wednesday's weather forecast for Europe. It'scertainly clear that winter is starting to take its grip on the continent. Berlin on Wednesday, mostly cloudy and very cold, and -2 degrees for your high. Brussels, Belgium, a little warmer at one degree, partly sunny. London, 5 degrees for your high, mostly cloudy throughout the day. In Paris, your high temperature is 0 degrees on Wednesday,partly cloudy as well. Rome, 8 degrees for your high, with periods of clouds and sunshine. And Vienna, Austria, -2 degrees on Wednesday,cloudy and of course cold. Athens, Greece, a little warmer at 10 degrees, periods of clouds and sunshine on Wednesday. Belgrade, Yugoslavia, 1 degree for your high, mostly cloudy. Istanbul, 5 degrees, and partly sunny. And Kiev, Ukraine, -7 degrees, and you can expect snow. Moscow, -9 degrees on Wednesday, also snowy. And in Prague, the Czech Republic, -4 degrees with snow flurries, so sounds like typical of weather for that area of the world. Let's look at what we have here in Washington D.C.,no snow yet, but it will be coming.CAs 1998 ends and people look forward to the last year of the century, the World Almanac spoke with experts about what comes next. Almanaceditorial director says the experts believe the next century will bring lots of changes."Warm, of course, that our climate is going to continue getting warmer. That's the subject, by the way, of another new article on the 1999 World Almanac. The greenhouse effect, exactly what causes it, and what steps to be taken to, um, perhaps, to alleviate global warmings.I've seen recently that 1998 is going to go down as the warmest yearever on record. And so that's going to be a major issue of the next century, and possible tremendous consequences of the global warmings, whether it is rising sea levels affecting the coastal areas; changes in climate zones affecting what crops can be grown, and in what regions. This is potentially a very significant trend to be watched."Major ocean storms in the northern part of the world usually develop in late summer or autumn over waters near the equator. They are known by several different names. Scientists call these storms cyclones when they happen just north or south of the equator in the Indian Ocean. In the western Pacific Ocean or the China Sea, these storms are called typhoons. In the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Ocean, they are called hurricanes.Part2Satellite readings confirm that conditions are right for another El Nino, a cyclic weather pattern that affects the global climate."El Nino's normally show up about twice a decade and it lasts about12 to 18 months, bringing warmer weather to parts of the earth. Some regions become wetter than usual, others drier. The El Nino, which beganin 1991 has lingered through this year. Although several years might have been expected to pass before the next one, an American-French satellite observing the oceans has found a sign that El Nino may come back quicker than expected."'These kinds of things still happen.' This is Brig Jacker, an oceanographer of the US Naval Research Laboratory in Mississippi."'Every year is unpredictable. One year might be El Nino year, one year might not. Generally El Nino's come in four year cycles. Butthere's nothing to say that you can't have two El Nino years in a row.' "El Nino's begin with the decline of winds pulling cold water away from South America's west coast to around the equator. This allows warm water in the western Pacific Ocean to expand eastward toward the America's. At the same time, the clouds and rain over the warm water move eastward too. Radar aboard the American-French satellite detected the hint thatsuch water movement began in early August and reached South America two months later. It saw a ripple called a 'Calvin wave' moving slowly eastward. Such pulses sometimes give rise to El Nino conditionsin the eastern equatorial Pacific."El Nino's can change the weather around the world, but how much depends on its strength. A strong one in 1982 and61983 has been linked to droughts in Australia and Indonesia, rains and flooding in South America, and unseasonably warm weather in much of the United States. But even the mild El Nino that began in 1991 hascaused trouble. It has been associated with devastating floods in the US southeast last year and in the US midwest this year. El Nino's are hard on the South American fishing industry. The warm waters preventnutrients rich cold water from rising to the surface, causing fish stocks to become depletive. Mr. Jacker said a new El Nino apparently would be mild but he is not betting on it yet."The US Naval oceanographer says predictions are difficult because the strength of El Nino depends on how winds affect the 'Calvin wave' that has moved across the Pacific."Part3It’s about an hour’s drive from the outskirts of San Jose, California, near the upper side of the state’s high-technology region known as “Silicon Valley”. As a visitor drives up the narrow winding road past red flowers, and eucalyptus trees, one of the first two seismographic stations in the world, it’s almost a surprise to glimpse the largest dome of Lick Observatory’s eight telescopes. Overlooking the world of computer age manufacturing are telescopes from the turn of the century which help shape our understanding of the universe.The huge dome, housing Lick Observatory’s giant, one meter wide reflecting telescope, is one of the few instruments in motion this morning on Mount Hamilton. At the 1260-meter summit of Mount Hamilton is a small village of 55 permanent residents, some of them students in a one-room school house. But most at the research complex are visiting astronomers catching their first hours of sleep in an old dormitory。
新通用大学英语综合教程3_unit1课后答案及课件
Passage 3 Cultural Misinterpretations
Listen to the passage and answer the following questions.
1. Why did Mr. Wang send emails every day to the Canadian employee?
2. The man would like to be called by his ______.
A. first name
B. title and last name
C. title and first name
Part 3 Being Culturally Literate
Listen to three calls from a radio show, and check the subjects that were discussed.
New Words
amateur ★ armor n. n. 业余爱好者 盔甲
★ assassination
assume casual
n.
v. adj.
暗杀
假定, 设想 随便的，非正式的
commerce
◆ culturally ◆ distrust
n.
adv. n.
商业
文化地，文化上地 不信任
◆ emirate
T 1. Men used to wear jeans and ties to work in an office. 2. Casual Fridays started in the summer. 3. Employees in most companies liked the idea of causal Fridays.
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新通用大学英语综合教程第三册听力原文Unit 1Lesson 1ListeningPart 1 A Business Meeting in ThailandTERESA: Allow me to introduce myself. I’m Teresa Segovia, from Santiago, Chile. Sawatdee-Kaa. SURAT: Where did you learn the wai?TERESA: Actually, a Thai friend in Chile taught me.SURAT: Sawatdee-Khrab. Nice to meet you, Ms. Segovia. I’m Surat Leekpai.TERESA: Nice to meet you, too. But please call me Terri.SURAT: And please call me Surat. It’s easier to say than Leekpai!TERESA: Do you mind my asking you the custom here? Are most people on a first-name basis? SURAT: At company meetings in English, absolutely. In general, though, it’s probably best to watch what others do. You know what they say: “When in Rome ...”TERESA: M-hmm ... “do as the Romans do!”Part 2 EtiquetteConversation 1A: Excuse me. I’m looking for Dr. Guerra.B: I’ll get him. But call him Manuel. Everyone uses first names here.A: OK, thanks.B: By the way, I’m Julia.A: Nice to meet you. I’m Neil.Conversation 2A: Hi, I’m Denise Pei.B: Hello, I’m Dani el Hoffman.A: Nice to meet you. By the way, how would you like to be addressed?B: Mr. Hoffman is fine, thanks.Part 3 Being Culturally LiterateCALL 1 Arturo and Jettrin [F1=British, M1=Thai, F2=Arabic, M2=Nepalese, M3=Spanish]F1: Good morning, world. This is Millicent McKay in Brussels with today’s worldwide Cultural Literacy Update. If you’re new to the program, here’s the format: in the studio three people take your phonecalls and answer your questions about etiquette in their countries. Today’s gue sts are Jettrin from Thailand, Nadia from Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, and Sujeet from Nepal. We’re all first-name here, so let me welcome Jettrin, Nadia, and Sujeet.M1: Sawatdee Khrab, Millicent. Good morning! I’m Jettrin from Thailand.F2: Hello. It’s nice to be with you. I’m Nadia from Dubai.M2: And good morning, Millicent, Jettrin, and Nadia, Sujeet from Nepal.F1: OK. Let’s get started. I see our first caller is on the line. Hello, Arturo from Montevideo. You’re on the air.M3: Good morning — a ctually, good evening. It’s 10:30 at night here in Montevideo. Here’s my question: I’m traveling on business to Thailand next month, and I’ll be working with Thai business managersfrom my company. What should I know?M1: Hello, Arturo. Jettrin here. Just a couple of things: First a taboo: Don’t touch anyone’s head, not even a child’s.M3: Hmm? Well, I don’t ordinarily touch people’s heads, but if you don’t mind my asking, what’s wrong with touching someone’s head?M1: Well, we believe the head is where the person’s soul lives. So it’s very disrespectful and offensive to touch a person’s head.M3: Any other tips?M1: Well, when you are seated, be sure not to cross your legs in such a way that others can see the bottomof your foot.M3: Actually, I knew that. But don’t worry. It’s good to be reminded. I do have one more specific question before I hang up.M1: Sure. What’s that?M3: In Uruguay it’s customary to shake hands, and I know Thai people greet each other with the wai. Will it seem impolite for a foreigner to do the wai? —and what happens if I don’t do it right? Will that be offensive?M1: Absolutely not! Just put the palms of your hands together on your chest and bow slightly. Say “Sawatdee —khrab.” For the women listening, you say “Sawatdee-kaa.” You will warm our heartswith that. Don’t worry if you don’t do it exactly the way Thais do it. And don’t worry about the pronunciation. Have a wonderful trip to Thailand. Try to do some sightseeing. And taste our wonderful food!M3: Thanks so much.F1: Thank you, Jettrin and Arturo for a good lesson in cultural literacy. Let’s take a break and then another call.CALL 2 Hiroko and Nadia [F3=Japanese]F1: Welcome back, listeners. This is Millicent McKay with a worldwide town meeting, answering allyour question s about do’s and taboos around the world. Let’s say hello to Hiroko from Osaka, Japan. Hiroko, you’re on the air.F3: Thank you, Millicent. My husband and I are going to Dubai. He’s a banker and has business there,but I’m going with him as a tourist. I’m very interested in all kinds of culture, and I understand Dubaiis very different from Japan. I have three questions.F2: Hello, Hiroko, Nadia on the line.F3: Thanks, Nadia. If I’m alone, can I walk on the street or drive a car?F2: Absolutely. As a woman traveler, you will have no difficulty getting around, even if you are alone. You can drive, and as long as you dress modestly, you can wear whatever you like.F3: Second question: I don’t speak any Arabic.F2: Again, no problem. As you know, Arabic is the official language of Dubai, but English is commonly used in tourism and commerce.F3: You speak very good English, Nadia. Where did you learn it?F2: I actually am an English teacher. I learned my English in the United States, at the University of Wisconsin.F3: And my last question: I’m an amateur photographer. Will I be able to take pictures in Dubai?F3: Well, yes, but you should know that it is considered offensive to take pictures of Muslim women here. F2: Oh. I’m glad I asked. What about pictures of men?F3: Well, yes, just be sure to ask permission.F3: I don’t know how to thank you. I’m really looking forward to the trip!F1: We’ll be right back with our final call.CALL 3 Javier and Sujeet [M4=Mexican]F1: I think we have time for one more caller. Javier from Mexico City! Welcome to the show. How can we help you?M4: [Mexican accent] I’m going to Nepal next month on an international trek. I will be staying with a Nepalese family for a weekend, and I want to be sure I don’t offend anyone. Mexico is v ery differentfrom Nepal.F1: Well, ... Let’s ask Sujeet to comment.M2: Hi, Javier. Let’s talk about table manners. First of all, Nepalese don’t usually use spoons, forks, or knives.M4: No? So how do the people eat? How will I eat?M2: Well, your hosts w ill eat with their right hand, never the left hand. But I’m sure they’ll provide you with spoons and forks. If they are welcoming foreigners into their home, they’ll want you to be comfortable. But remember one important taboo: Beef is strictly forbidden as a food in both Hinduand Buddhist homes. Our typical food, however, is wonderful and very flavorful and healthy.M4: That’s great, because I’m Mexican, and we have great food in Mexico, too. I love good food when I travel. Sujeet, I’m very interested in culture but I don’t know much about Hinduism and Buddhism.What can you tell me?M2: Well, if you visit a Hindu temple or a Buddhist shrine, you must remove your shoes. Or, if you prefer,you can wear open sandals. Check first; in some Hindu temples, non-H indus can’t enter. And, very important, don’t take leather things near the temple. And if you want to take picture, be sure to askbefore using your camera.M4: Thanks so much. I feel very prepared now.M2: My pleasure.F1: Well that’s all we have time for today. Until next time, this is Millicent McKay in Brussels, reminding you that in today’s world cultural literacy is an essential survival skill.Part 4 Understanding CulturePassage 1 How Casual Is Too Casual?Thirty years ago, most people in the Unite d States, Canada, and Europe didn’t think about what to wear to work in an office. Men always wore suits and ties. Women wore suits or conservative skirt outfits.But in the 1990s, that started to change.It began with “casual Fridays”. During the summer, some companies invited their employees to “dress down” or wear more casual clothes to work on Fridays. The policy quickly became popular with employees. After this, it didn’t take long for employees to start dressing more casually every day of the week.Many employees welcomed the new dress policy and the more comfortable work environment thatcame with it. Etiquette had definitely changed, and suits and ties were rarely seen in many offices. Some employees went as far as wearing jeans, T-shirt, and sneakers to the office.Then some people began to change their minds about casual dress at work. Many managers felt that casual dress had led to casual attitudes towards work. Now the etiquette for dress in many companies is beginning to change back again.Passage 2 The Origin of SaluteThe origin of the hand salute is uncertain. Some historians believe it began in late Roman times when assassinations were common. A citizen who wanted to see a public official had to approach with his right hand raised to show that he did not hold a weapon. Knights in armor raised visors with the right hand when meeting a comrade. The practice gradually became a way of showing respect and, in early American history, sometimes involved removing the hat. By 1820, the motion was modified to touching the hat, and since then it has become the hand salute used today.Passage 3 Cultural MisinterpretationsMr. Wang, the Chairman of Board of Directors of a Chinese firm, told a story on CCTV program “Dialog”of how he once almost lost a valuable Canadian employee working for him in Vancouver. He emailed everyday to the Canadian, inquiring for the index number he was most concerned about. To his great astonishment,his Canadian employee turned in his resignation after a week. Mr. Wang was puzzled how he could do that to him as he gave such great attention to his job. A Chinese employee would have been more than happy if his or her boss had showed such great concern for him or her. He then found out that, unlike Chinese employees, the Canadian took what meant great concern to Chinese as distrust. But Mr. Wang assumed unconsciously that the Canadian was more similar to his Chinese employees than he actually was and treated him just as he treated any Chinese employee.Lesson 2Part 1 EtiquetteConversation 1A: Hey, Sophia. I’m making beef for dinner. Would you like to come over?B: Thanks, Mark, but I don’t eat beef. There are rules against it in my culture.A: OK. Well maybe some other time. I can make chicken.B: Sounds good!Conversation 2A: What time are you going to dinner?B: The reservation is for 8:00, so I’ll get to the restaurant after that.A: No! In this culture it’s impolite to arrive late. You should be there no later that 8:00.Conversation 3A: Hi, I’m Elizabeth Flores, the new Eng lish teacher.B: Hello, I’m Patricia Small. I’m a teacher here, too. I’ll introduce you to everyone. How do you want the students to address you?A: What’s customary here?B: Well, in our culture it’s very impolite for a student to call a teacher by his or her first name.A: Then Ms. Flores is fine.Part 2 AddressingNicole: Hi, I’m Nicole Best. Nice to meet you.Todd: Nice to meet you, too. I’m Todd Vernon. Do people usually call you Nicole, or do you prefer Nikki?Nicole: At work I prefer Nicole, but all my friends call me Nikki.Todd: You use first names in your office? That’s great. My office is so formal. Everyone uses a titleand their last name.Nicole: I know what you mean. At my last job, everyone called me Miss Best, and that seemedreally strange.Part 3 Nonverbal CommunicationPassage 1 Right on TimeEveryone knows that different cultures have different ideas about punctuality. But one country —Ecuador — is trying something new.A group called Citizens’ Participation has found that being late c osts the country about $724 millioneach year. They report that more than half of all public events, as well as many government appointments and social activities, begin late. The group is trying to make people aware of punctuality and reminding them to be on time. The government, including the Ecuadorian president, is supporting the effort. Hundreds of Ecuadorian organizations and companies have signed agreements to be on time. Posters have been put up that remind people, “If you’re late, someone else is waiting.” One newspaper prints a list of government officials who arrive to events late.The campaign has generally been well-received by the Ecuadorian people and it seems to be working. Many businesses have reported that more meetings are now beginning on time.Passage 2 Seating ArrangementCulture influences the manner and meaning in seating arrangements.In the United States, they tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or standing beside them. This pattern also influences how they select leaders when in groups: in most instances, the person sitting at the head of the table is chosen as the leader. Leaders usually are accustomed to being somewhat removed physically from the rest of the group and consequently choose chairs at the ends of the table.In China, seating arrangements take on different meanings. The Chinese often experience uneasiness when they face someone directly or sit on the opposite side of a desk or table from someone. It makes them feel as if they are on trial.Passage 3 Eye Contact Is Also a LanguageThe study of communications sent by the eyes is also a way of communication. What the eyes communicate often depends on the culture. In the United States, it is usual for people to maintain eye contact. If a person tries to avoid eye contact in a conversation, the other person may think that person is dishonest. In some Asian cultures such as Japan, students will often avoid making eye contact with their instructors as a sign of respect.Students in a business communication class at a Mid-South university were asked to test the concept of gaze and eye contact in the United States by maintaining steady eye contact with a person in the car next to them when they stopped at a traffic light. Responses varied from obscene gestures to making faces to returningthe gaze. Students concluded that US persons are very uncomfortable with prolonged eye contact.In other cultures, there is little direct eye contact. The Japanese direct their gaze below the chin; they are uncomfortable with maintaining direct eye contact throughout the conversation. People in China andIndonesia also lower the eyes as a sign of respect, feeling that prolonged eye contact shows bad manners.。