形容词与副词的原级和比较级的用法与习题

light→lighter
white→ whiter
sunny→sunnier
hot→ hotter
cool→ cooler
early → earlier
delicious → more deliciousfriendly →more friendly
important →more importahnutngry → hungrier
单音节 词和少 数多音 节词
多音节 词和部 分双音 节词
构成方法
一般在词尾加-er/ə/或-est/ist/
以字母e结尾的形容词，加-r或-st
重读闭音节词只有一个辅音字母 时，应先双写辅音字母；再加-es 或-est 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节 词，先改“+y”结尾的双音节词， 先改“y”为“i”,再加-er或-est
sad—sadder, saddest wet—wetter, wettest
(5)以 –ow, -er结尾的双音节词，加er, -est.
clever—cleverer, cleverest narrow—narrower, narrowest
(二）多音节和部分双音节形容词或副词在 原级前加more, most。 popular--more popular, most popular difficult--more difficult, most difficult beautiful--more beautiful, most beautiful interesting—more interesting , most interesting slowly—more slowly, most slowly
Jordan
2.26m
1.98m
Jordan is tall. Yao Ming is taller.
Yao Ming is taller than Jordan.
Zeng Zhiwei is short. Pan Changjiang is shorter. Pan Changjiang is shorter than Zeng Zhiwei.
有些形容词只能作定语，有些形容词 只能作表语。 sleeping 定语 a sleeping boy
asleep 表语 the boy is asleep. 定语： sick, live, little等
表语：ill, alive, alone等
形容词作定语时，分为前置定语和后置 定语。
大部分形容词可以做前置定语。
Cheng Long is more athletic.
Cheng Long is more athletic than Li Xiaopeng.
funny, serious, smart, calm, wild, big, fat, outgoing, athletic, dirty, heavy, thin, tall
原级比较是说明两个人 物或事物的程度是一样
This tree is as_t_a_ll_ as that tree.
The green bag is as _b_ig__as the red. This pen is not as _lo_n__g as that pen.
比较级比较是区分两个人物或事物的 程度不一样
80kg
90kg
Liu Huan is heavy .
Fei Mao is heavier .
Fei Mao is heavier than Liu Huan.
48kg
Lin Xinru is thin.
45kg
Liu Yifei is thinner.
Liu Yifei is thinner than Lin Xinru.
一、规则变化 （一） 单音节和少数双音节的变化规则 （1）一般在词尾加 -er, -est。
smart—smarter, smartest high—higher, highest small—smaller, smallest
tall—taller, tallest long—longer , longest
用来对名词或某些代词在性质、特 征或状态等方面加以修饰的词。 e.g. long, empty, cheap, hungry, etc.
在句中作定语、表语、宾语 补足语等成分．
e.g. He is a good student. I have something important to tell you. 当形容词修饰由some-,any-,no-,every构成的不定代词时,形容词要放在这些 不定代词的之后. e.g.
特例 （1）由“动词+后缀-ing / -ed ”构成的形容词，
在词前加more, most.
interesting--more interesting, most interesting
exciting--more exciting, most exciting
bored--more bored, most bored relaxed--more relaxed, most relaxed
healthy → healthier
outgoing →more outgoing
more easily most easily
(二)不规则变化巧记：
• 部分不规则形容词或副词
（1）特殊形式比较 级
good/well----better
共有二对二合一 外加一对三合一
many /much----more
坏病两多并两好
bad / badly / ill----worse
little意思不是小 一分为二有两个
(4)以重读闭音节结尾的单词，如果末 尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写这个 字母，再加-er, -est. 如“胖瘦大热红伤湿”等
fat—fatter, fattest thin—thinner, thinnest big—bigger, biggest hot—hotter, hottest red—redder , reddest
当两个人或两件事物进行比较时程度不 一样，就要用到形容词比较级，也就是 词尾-er形式，比较级常常用than来连接 被比较的两个人或事物。
e.g. I am shorter than you.
最高级一般用于三者（或三者以上） 之间的比较。 “最……”。
China is the largest of the countries. John is the tallest in the class.
词可加-er或-est
mocrleevserlowly
多音节词和多数双音节词在其前面 加more 和most
difficult popular
slowly
原级
good well bad ill many much little far old
比较级
better
worse
more less farther/further older/elder
The cake tastes delicious.
形容词和宾语一起构成复合宾语．
We must keep the classroom clean. He made us happy.
Colour it green.
Biblioteka Baidu
有一些形容词前+the后，具有名词 词性。可以作主语或宾语。
The rich should help the poor.
little----less
一是老来二是远
far----farther/further
（2） 二好，二多，三坏
old----older/elder
一少，一老，一远
old→ older／elder
fat→ fatter
young→ younger
ugly→ uglier
high→higher
low→ lower
an old American lady
形容词短语、介词短语或不定式 短语做后置定语。
The boy under the tree is my brother.
形容词按音节可分为： 多音节词 双音节词 单音节词
形容词级别可分为： 原级 比较级 最高级
形容词的级
• 原级：即形容词的原形。
small, good, pretty, big, many
在词前加more或most
原级 cold fast nice large big hot easy early tired
easily
比较级 colder faster nicer larger bigger hotter easier earlier more tired
最高级 coldest fastest nicest largest biggest hottest easiest earliest most tired
smaller
smarter calmer wilder taller
easier hotter more interesting
funnier heavier dirtier
bigger thinner fatter
more outgoing more serious more athletic
形容词比较级的构成
(2). 以不发音的字母e结尾的，直接加r, -st. nice—nicer, nicest fine—finer, finest
(3).以“辅音字母＋ｙ结尾的”，把ｙ 变ｉ，再加-er, -est。 early—earlier, earliest happy—happier, happiest easy—easier, easiest heavy—heavier, heaviest funny—funnier, funniest
Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper ?
The trees turn green in spring. We are alone on the island.
常与感官系动词连用：look, taste, smell, sound, feel, seem, become, get, turn, go 等
词 尾 变 化taller h原ar级tdaellrest 比ha较rde最st高
单es以个或以或少tse-音重辅辅t数e(s最s节读音音t以t高词闭字字-e级在音母母r,-)词节应+o以yw尾结双字结结加尾写母尾尾的辅-e的e的接r词音词(双比尾末字变音较的尾母为节级词只再i再)加l或有加a加-rbf-r一ega或-rimmeegthert-rg,eaooawtlbthenerrbhwprraahalaaihdeerrglioiwpiireprlnggedlmmmnclarrhhtpyieadptoehifrgetlepaatyaeworwoeeoooioterretrfrpgdsdtttvisssspfwsrdesrtditeioyetttteeeetucrtrsetrwfrsdpsulincetaaaetl级iollearotrfrtewtpfrrlwveiireucioesdlsulyrtwaetelrt级sestst t
outgoing
more outgoing
Cheng Long is outgoing.
Li Yong is more outgoing. Li Yong is more outgoing than Cheng long.
athletic
more athletic
Li Xiaopeng is athletic.
• 比较级：两个人或物之间的比较。
smaller, better, taller, older, more
• 最高级：三个或三个以上的人或物之 间的比较。
smallest, tallest, newest, best 少数形容词只有原形，没有比较级和 最高级。如right, wrong ,woolen(羊 毛制的)等。
最高级
best worst most least
巧记： 特殊形式比较级 共有三对二合一 坏病两多并两好 little意思不是小 一分为二有两个 一是老来二是远
farthest/furthest oldest/eldest
单音节和少数多音节的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 的构成分规则和不规则。变化如下：