硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂对常见金属在10%盐酸中的缓蚀性能

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常用单位换算表

常用单位换算表,常用单位换算公式常用单位换算表,常用单位换算公式一度电=1000W.H(一千瓦.时)即一千瓦的功率用一小时为一度电.一匹=0.735KW.一般预10%的损耗.即一匹的空调一般取800W的功率来算.如果你的空调是一匹的,那么八度电大概能用十二小时.常用单位换算表长度1千米(km)=0.621英里(mile) 1米(m)=3.281英尺(ft)=1.094码(yd) 1厘米(cm)=0.394英寸(in)1英里(mile)=1.609千米(km) 1英尺(ft)=0.3048米(m) 1英寸(in)=2.54厘米(cm)1海里(n mile)=1.852千米(km) 1码(yd)=0.9144米(m) 1英尺(ft)=12英寸(in)1码(yd)=3英尺(ft) 1英里(mile)=5280英尺(ft) 1海里(n mile)=1.1516英里(mile)质量1吨(t)=1000千克(kg)=2205磅(lb)=1.102短吨(sh.ton)=0.934长吨(long.ton) 1千克(kg)=2.205磅(lb) 1短吨(sh.ton)=0.907吨(t)=2000磅(1b)1长吨(long.ton)=1.016吨(t) 1磅(lb)=0.454千克(kg) 1盎司(oz)=28.350克(g)密度1千克/米3(kg/m3)=0.001克/厘米3(g/cm3)=0.0624磅/英尺3(lb/ft3) 1磅/英尺3(lb/ft3)=16.02千克/米3(kg/m3) 1磅/英寸3(lb/in3)=27679.9千克/米3(kg/m3)1磅/美加仑(lb/gal)=119.826千克/米3(kg/m3) 1磅/英加仑(lb/gal)=99.776千克/米3(kg/m3) 1磅/(石油)桶(lb/bbl)=2.853千克/米3(kg/m3)1波美密度=140/15.5℃时的比重-130 API=141.5/15.5℃时的比重-131.5压力1兆帕(MPa)=145磅/英寸2(psi)=10.2千克/厘米2(kg/cm2)=10巴(bar)=9.8大气压(at m) 1磅/英寸2(psi)=0.006895兆帕(MPa) =0.0703千克/厘米2(kg/cm2)=0.0689巴(bar)=0.068大气压(at m) 1巴(bar)=0.1兆帕(MPa)=14.503磅/英寸2(psi)=1.0197千克/厘米2(kg/cm2)=0.987大气压(at m)1大气压(at m)=0.101325兆帕(MPa)=14.696磅/英寸2(psi)=1.0333千克/厘米2(kg/cm2)=1.0133巴(bar)面积1平方公里(km2)=100公顷(ha)=247.1英亩(acre)=0.386平方英里(mile2) 1平方米(m2)=10.764平方英尺(ft2) 1公亩(acre)=100平方米(m2)1公顷(ha)=10000平方米(m2)=2.471英亩(acre) 1平方英里(mile2)=2.590平方公里(km2) 1英亩(acre)=0.4047公顷(ha)=40.47*10-3平方公里(km2)=4047平方米(m2)1平方英尺(ft2)=0.093平方米(m2) 1平方英寸(in2)=6.452平方厘米(cm2) 1平方码(yd2)=0.8361平方米(m2)体积1立方米(m3)=1000升(liter)=35.315立方英尺(ft3)=6.290桶(bbl) 1立方英尺(ft3)=0.0283立方米(m3)=28.317升(l) 1千立方英尺(mcf)=28.317立方米(m3)1百万立方英尺(MMcf)=2.8317万立方米(m3) 10亿立方英尺(bcf)=2831.7万立方米(m3) 1万亿立方英尺(tcf)=283.17亿立方米(m3)1立方英寸(in3)=16.3871立方厘米(cm3) 1英亩·英尺=1234立方米(m3) 1桶(bbl)=0.159立方米(m3)=42美加仑(gal)1美加仑(gal)=3.785升(l) 1美夸脱(qt)=0.946升(l) 1美品脱(pt)=0.473升(l)1美吉耳(gi)=0.118升(l) 1英加仑(gal)=4.546升(l)运动粘度1英尺2/秒(ft2/s)=9.29030*10-2米2/秒(m2/s) 1斯(St)=10-4米2/秒(m2/s) 1厘斯(eSt)=10-6米2/秒(m2/s)=1毫米2/秒(mm2/s)动力粘度1泊(P)=0.1帕·秒(Pa·s) 1厘泊(cP)=10-3帕·秒(Pa·s) 1千克力秒/米2=9.80505帕·秒(Pa·s)1磅力秒/英尺2(1bf·s/ft2)=47.8803帕·秒(Pa·s)力1牛顿(N)=0.225磅力(1bf)=0.102千克力(kgf) 1千克力(kgf)=9.81牛顿(N) 1磅力(1bf)=4.45牛顿(N)1达因(dyn)=10-5牛顿(N)温度K(开尔文度)=5/9(℉+459.67) K=℃+273.15n℉=[(n-32)*5/9]℃n℃(摄氏度)=(5/9·n+32)℉ 1℉(华氏度)=5/9℃(温度差)传热系数1千卡(米2·时·℃)[kcal/(m2·h·℃)]=1.6279瓦/(米2·开尔文)[W(m2·K)] 1英热单位/(英尺2·时·℉)[Btu/(ft2·h·℉)]=5.67826瓦/(米2·开尔文)[W(m2·K)] 1米2·时·℃/千卡(m2·h·℃/kcal) =0.86000米2·开尔文/瓦(m2·K/W)1千卡(米2·时)(kcal/m2·h)=1.16279瓦/米2(W/m2)热导率1千卡(米2·时·℃)[kcal/(m2·h·℃)]=1.16279瓦/(米·开尔文)[W(m·K)] 1英热单位/(英尺2·时·℉)[Btu/(ft2·h·℉)]=1.7303瓦/(米·开尔文)[W(m·K)]比容热1千卡/(千克·℃)[kcal/(kg·℃)]=1英热单位/(磅·℉)[Btu/(lb·℉)]=4186.8焦耳/(千克·开尔文)[J/(kg·K)]热功1焦耳=0.10204千克·米=2.778*10-7千瓦·小时=3.777*10-7公制马力小时=3.723*10-7英制马力小时=2.389*10-4千卡=9.48*10-4英热单位 1卡(cal)=4.1868焦耳(J) 1英热单位(Btu)=1055.06焦耳(J)1千克力米(kgf·m)=9.80665焦耳(J) 1英尺磅力(ft·1bt)=1.35582焦耳(J) 1米制马力小时(hp·h)=2.64779*106焦耳(J)1英制马力小时(UKHp·h)=2.68452*106焦耳(J) 1千瓦小时(kw·h)=3.6*106焦耳(J) 1大卡=4186.75焦耳(J)功率1千克力·米/秒(kgf·m/s)=9.80665瓦(W) 1米制马力(hp)=735.499瓦(W) 1卡/秒(cal/s)=4.1868瓦(W)1英热单位/时(Btu/h)=0.293071瓦(W)速度1英尺/秒(ft/s)=0.3048米/秒(m/s) 1英里/时(mile/h)=0.44704米/秒(m/s)渗透率1达西=1000毫达西 1平方厘米(cm2)=9.81*107达西核酸纯化常用单位及转换一、Metric PrefixesG = giga = 109M = mega = 108k = kilo = 103m = milli = 10-3μ= micro = 10-6n = nano = 10-9p = pico = 10-12f = femto = 10-15a = atto = 10-18二、重量换算1μg=10-6 g1ng =10-9 g1pg =10-12g1fg =10-15 g三、A260单位的换算1A260单位的双链DNA=50μg/ml1A260单位的单链RNA=40μg/ml1A260单位的单链DNA=40μg/ml1A260单位的寡糖苷酸=33μg/ml四、重量与摩尔的换算1μg的 1kb DNA = 1.52pmol1μg的pBR322 DNA =0.36pmol1pmol of 1,000bp DNA =0.66μg1pmol of pUC18/19 DNA(2.686bp) =1.77μg1pmol of pBR322 DNA(4,361 bp) =2.88μg1pmol of M13mp18/19 DNA(7,249bp) =4.78μg1pmol of DNA（48，502 bp）=32.01μg五、核酸碱基对与分子量的换算1kb的双链DNA（钠盐）=6.6×105D1kb的单链DNA（钠盐）=3.3×105D1kb单链RNA（钠盐）=3.4×105D脱氧核苷酸的平均分子量=324.5D六、常见核酸的分子量核酸核苷酸数分子量（D）入DNA（环状双链）48502 3.1×107pBR322DNA 4363（双链） 2.8×10628SrRNA 4800 1.6×106 23SrRNA 3700 1.2×10618SrRNA 1900 6.1×10616SrRNA 1700 5.5×1055SrRNA 120 3.6×104 tRNA(大肠) 75 2.5×104七、核酸碱基分子量AMP 347.2CMP 323.2GMP 363.3UMP 324.2damp 331.2dCMP 307.2dGMP 347.2dTMP 322.2八、蛋白质重量的换算100pmoles of 100,000 dalton protein=10μg100pmoles of 500,000 dalton protein=5μg100pmoles of 10,000 dalton protein=1μg九、蛋白质与核酸的换算lkb DNA=333个氨基酸的编码能力333个氨基酸3.7×104D（道尔顿）10,000D蛋白质=270bp DNA30,000D蛋白质=810bp DNA50,000D蛋白质=1.35kb DNA100,000D蛋白质=2.7kb DNA1 英里码17602 码英尺 33 英尺英寸124 英寸英分85 英寸密耳10006 米英尺 3.280847 米英寸39.37018 密耳毫米0.02549 码米0.914410 英里英尺528011 英里米1609.3412 海里千米 1.85213 海里英里 1.1507814 毫米英寸0.039415 公亩平方米10016 公倾公亩10017 平方码平方英尺 918 平方英尺平方英寸 14419 英亩平方码484020 英亩平方英尺4356021 平方米平方厘米 1000022 平方米平方毫米 100000023 平方米平方英尺 10.763924 平方米平方英寸 155025 公倾英亩 2.4710526 升立方分米 127 升立方厘米100028 毫升立方厘米 129 立方米升100030 立方米立方英寸 6102331 立方米英加仑219.96932 立方米美加仑(液量) 264.17233 毫克千克0.00000134 厘克千克0.0000135 分克千克0.000136 克千克0.00137 十可千克0.0138 百克千克0.139 吨千克100040 英吨磅224041 美吨磅200042 磅盎司1643 磅格令700044 吨英吨0.98420745 吨美吨 1.1023146 吨磅2204.6247 磅千克0.45361 基础知识1.1 用于构成十进制倍数和分数单位的词头(词冠)词头中文名词头英文名符号所表示的因数词头中文名词头英文名符号所表示的因数分 deci ｄ10-1 皮 pico ｐ 10-12厘 centi ｃ10-2 千 kilo Ｋ 103毫 milli ｍ10-3 兆 mega Ｍ 106微 micro μ10-6 吉 giga Ｇ 109纳 nano ｎ10-9 太 tera T 1012为不失一般性，下面的一些公式中将以希腊字母Θ代表无词头和十进制分数单位的词头（ｍ、μ、ｎ、ｐ）。

(完整版)圆锥曲线大题20道(含标准答案)

1.已知中心在原点的双曲线C 的右焦点为（2，0），右顶点为)0,3( （1）求双曲线C 的方程；（2）若直线2:+=kx y l 与双曲线C 恒有两个不同的交点A 和B ，且2>⋅OB OA （其中O 为原点）. 求k 的取值范围.解：（Ⅰ）设双曲线方程为12222=-by a x ).0,0(>>b a由已知得.1,2,2,32222==+==b b ac a 得再由故双曲线C 的方程为.1322=-y x （Ⅱ）将得代入13222=-+=y x kx y .0926)31(22=---kx x k 由直线l 与双曲线交于不同的两点得⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧>-=-+=∆≠-.0)1(36)31(36)26(,0312222k k k k即.13122<≠k k 且①设),(),,(B B A A y x B y x A ，则 ,22,319,312622>+>⋅--=-=+B A B A B A B A y y x x OB OA kx x k k x x 得由而2)(2)1()2)(2(2++++=+++=+B A B A B A B A B A B A x x k x x k kx kx x x y y x x.1373231262319)1(22222-+=+-+--+=k k k k k k k于是解此不等式得即,01393,213732222>-+->-+k k k k .3312<<k ② 由①、②得.1312<<k故k 的取值范围为).1,33()33,1(⋃-- 2..已知椭圆C ：22a x ＋22by ＝1（a ＞b ＞0）的左．右焦点为F 1、F 2，离心率为e. 直线l ：y ＝e x ＋a 与x 轴．y 轴分别交于点A 、B ，M 是直线l 与椭圆C 的一个公共点，P 是点F 1关于直线l 的对称点，设＝λ.（Ⅰ）证明：λ＝1－e 2；（Ⅱ）确定λ的值，使得△PF 1F 2是等腰三角形.（Ⅰ）证法一：因为A 、B 分别是直线l ：a ex y +=与x 轴、y 轴的交点，所以A 、B 的坐标分别是2222222.,,1,).,0(),0,(b a c c b y c x b y ax a ex y a e a +=⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=-=⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=++=-这里得由. 所以点M 的坐标是（a b c 2,-）. 由).,(),(2a eaa b e a c AB AM λλ=+-=得即221e a ab e ac e a-=⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧==-λλλ解得证法二：因为A 、B 分别是直线l ：a ex y +=与x 轴、y 轴的交点，所以A 、B 的坐标分别是).,0(),0,(a ea-设M 的坐标是00(,),x y00(,)(,),a aAM AB x y a e eλλ=+=u u u u r u u u r 由得所以⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=-=.)1(00a y e a x λλ因为点M 在椭圆上，所以,122220=+by a x即.11)1(,1)()]1([22222222=-+-=+-e e b a a e aλλλλ所以 ,0)1()1(2224=-+--λλe e解得.1122e e -=-=λλ即（Ⅱ）解法一：因为PF 1⊥l ，所以∠PF 1F 2=90°+∠BAF 1为钝角，要使△PF 1F 2为等腰三角形，必有|PF 1|=|F 1F 2|，即.||211c PF = 设点F 1到l 的距离为d ，由,1||1|0)(|||21221c eec a e a c e d PF =+-=+++-==得.1122e ee =+-所以.321,3122=-==e e λ于是即当,32时=λ△PF 1F 2为等腰三角形. 解法二：因为PF 1⊥l ，所以∠PF 1F 2=90°+∠BAF 1为钝角，要使△PF 1F 2为等腰三角形，必有|PF 1|=|F 1F 2|，设点P 的坐标是),(00y x ，则0000010.22y x ce y x c e a -⎧=-⎪+⎪⎨+-⎪=+⎪⎩，2022023,12(1).1e x c e e a y e ⎧-=⎪⎪+⎨-⎪=⎪+⎩解得由|PF 1|=|F 1F 2|得,4]1)1(2[]1)3([2222222c e a e c e c e =+-+++- 两边同时除以4a 2，化简得.1)1(2222e e e =+- 从而.312=e 于是32112=-=e λ 即当32=λ时，△PF 1F 2为等腰三角形. 3.设R y x ∈,，j i ρρ、为直角坐标平面内x 轴、y 轴正方向上的单位向量，若j y i x b j y i x a ρρρρϖρ)3( ,)3(-+=++=，且4=+b a ϖϖ.（Ⅰ）求点),(y x P 的轨迹C 的方程；（Ⅱ）若A 、B 为轨迹C 上的两点，满足MB AM =，其中M （0，3），求线段AB 的长. [启思]4.已知椭圆的中心为坐标原点O ，焦点在x 轴上，斜率为1且过椭圆右焦点F 的直线交椭圆于A 、B 两点，OB OA +与)1,3(-=a 共线. （Ⅰ）求椭圆的离心率；（Ⅱ）设M 为椭圆上任意一点，且),( R ∈+=μλμλ，证明22μλ+为定值. 解：本小题主要考查直线方程、平面向量及椭圆的几何性质等基本知识，考查综合运用数学知识解决问题及推理的能力. 满分12分.（1）解：设椭圆方程为)0,(),0(12222c F b a by a x >>=+ 则直线AB 的方程为c x y -=，代入12222=+b y a x ，化简得02)(22222222=-+-+b a c a cx a x b a .令A （11,y x ），B 22,(y x ），则.,22222222122221b a b a c a x x b a c a x x +-=+=+ 由OB OA a y y x x OB OA +-=++=+),1,3(),,(2121与共线，得,0)()(32121=+++x x y y 又c x y c x y -=-=2211,，.23,0)()2(3212121c x x x x c x x =+∴=++-+∴ 即232222cba c a =+，所以36.32222a b a c b a =-=∴=，故离心率.36==a c e （II ）证明：（1）知223b a =，所以椭圆12222=+by a x 可化为.33222b y x =+设),(y x =，由已知得),,(),(),(2211y x y x y x μλ+=⎩⎨⎧+=+=∴.,2121x x y x x x μλμλ),(y x M Θ在椭圆上，.3)(3)(2221221b y y x x =+++∴μλμλ 即.3)3(2)3()3(221212222221212b y y x x y x y x =+++++λμμλ① 由（1）知.21,23,23222221c b c a c x x ===+ [变式新题型3]抛物线的顶点在原点，焦点在x 轴上，准线l 与x 轴相交于点A(–1，0)，过点A 的直线与抛物线相交于P 、Q 两点.（1）求抛物线的方程；（2）若FP •FQ =0，求直线PQ 的方程；（3）设=λAQ （λ>1），点P 关于x 轴的对称点为M ，证明：FM =-λFQ ..6.已知在平面直角坐标系xoy 中，向量32),1,0(的面积为OFP ∆=，且,3OF FP t OM j ⋅==+u u u r u u u r u u u u r u u ur r .（I ）设4t OF FP θ<<u u u r u u u r求向量与的夹角的取值范围；（II ）设以原点O 为中心，对称轴在坐标轴上，以F 为右焦点的椭圆经过点M ，且||,)13(,||2c t c 当-==取最小值时，求椭圆的方程.7.已知(0,2)M -，点A 在x 轴上，点B 在y 轴的正半轴，点P 在直线AB 上，且满足，AP PB =-u u u r u u u r ，0MA AP ⋅=u u ur u u u r . （Ⅰ）当点A 在x 轴上移动时，求动点P 的轨迹C 方程；（Ⅱ）过(2,0)-的直线l 与轨迹C 交于E 、F 两点，又过E 、F 作轨迹C 的切线1l 、2l ，当12l l ⊥，求直线l 的方程.8.已知点C 为圆8)1(22=++y x 的圆心，点A （1，0），P 是圆上的动点，点Q 在圆的半径CP 上，且.2,0AM AP AP MQ ==⋅（Ⅰ）当点P 在圆上运动时，求点Q 的轨迹方程；（Ⅱ）若直线12++=k kx y 与（Ⅰ）中所求点Q的轨迹交于不同两点F ，H ，O 是坐标原点，且4332≤⋅≤OH OF ，求△FOH 的面积已知椭圆E 的中心在坐标原点，焦点在坐标轴上，且经过()2,0A -、()2,0B 、31,2C ⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭三点．（Ⅰ）求椭圆E 的方程；（Ⅱ）若直线l ：()1y k x =-（0k ≠）与椭圆E 交于M 、N 两点，证明直线AM 与直线BN 的交点在直线4x =上．10．如图,过抛物线x 2=4y 的对称轴上任一点P(0,m)(m>0)作直线与抛物线交于A 、B 两点，点Q 是点P 关于原点的对称点。

如果26个英文字母 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 分别等于

如果26个英文字母 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 分别等于
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 那么:
Knowledge（知识）K+N+O+W+L+E+D+G+E＝11+14+15+23+12+5+4+7+5=96%
Workhard （努力工作）W+O+R+K+H+A+R+D ＝23+15+18+11+8+1+18+4 =98%
也就是说知识和努力工作对我们人生的影响可以达到96％和98％Luck（好运）L+U+C+K＝12+21+3+11=47%
Love（爱情）L+O+V+E＝12+15+22+5=54%
看来，这些我们通常认为重要的东西却并没起到最重要的作用。

那么，什么可以决定我们100％的人生呢？
是Money（金钱）吗? M+O+N+E+Y=13+15+14+5+25=72%
看来也不是
是Leadership（领导能力）吗? L+E+A+D+E+R+S+H+I+P=12+5+1+4+5+18+19+9+16 =89%
还不是
金钱，权力也不能完全决定我们的生活。

那是什么呢？
其实，真正能使我们生活圆满的东西就在我们自己身上！ATTITUDE（心态）A+T+T+I+T+U+D+E＝1+20+20+9+20+21+4+5=100%
我们对待人生的态度才能够100％的影响我们的生活，或者说能够使我们的生活达到100%的圆满！用什么样的态度去看待人生，就会得到什么样的人生！。

电容详细讲解

电容详细讲解电容是电子设备中大量使用的电子元件之一，广泛应用于隔直，耦合，旁路，滤波，调谐回路，能量转换，控制电路等方面。

用C表示电容，电容单位有法拉（F）、微法拉（uF)、皮法拉（pF),1F=10^6uF=10^12pF U8P,V9n k1A一、电容器的型号命名方法c d n2@$[ o q3x(@/^国产电容器的型号一般由四部分组成（不适用于压敏、可变、真空电容器）。

依次分别代表名称、材料、分类和序号。

a"y O D+u ? k6N(H第一部分：名称，用字母表示，电容器用C。

l*[ R U/c W8Y lGuest第二部分：材料，用字母表示。

R b8I `6X:i!A+?第三部分：分类，一般用数字表示，个别用字母表示。

&O T W;g;f5E-x L*s4|Guest第四部分：序号，用数字表示。

J1h+}1m rGuest用字母表示产品的材料：A-钽电解、B-聚苯乙烯等非极性薄膜、C-高频陶瓷、D-铝电解、E-其它材料电解、G-合金电解、H-复合介质、I-玻璃釉、J-金属化纸、L-涤纶等极性有机薄膜、N-铌电解、O-玻璃膜、Q-漆膜、T-低频陶瓷、V-云母纸、Y-云母、Z-纸介 [&{6S(Z"r:`)P CO V$h&U e6F3E-@Guest二、电容器的分类W"D K#u _4Y sGuest1、按照结构分三大类：固定电容器、可变电容器和微调电容器。

j r-E E5a | G D#s SGuest2、按电解质分类有：有机介质电容器、无机介质电容器、电解电容器和空气介3O y H-b h d质电容器等。

2d&C7K g6c.k X!rGuest3、按用途分有：高频旁路、低频旁路、滤波、调谐、高频耦合、低频耦合、小型.u s3o E m)K ` ` ^ H电容器。

1l N} [ w&E4、频旁路：陶瓷电容器、云母电容器、玻璃膜电容器、涤纶电容器、玻璃釉电容 q [ R;H(F:B2Y器。

第八章断裂力学习题及解

第八章断裂力学习题及解习题1、已知I 型裂纹问题的应力函数为()()()z Z y z Z z I I I Im Re +=ϕ，其中()()z Z z Z I I ,分别为复变函数()z Z I 的二次积分和一次积分，试求出对应的应力分量。

解：令()()()y x iv y x u z Z I ,,+=，那么()udy v dx i v dy udx dz z Z CCC++-=⎰⎰⎰按C-R 条件有yux v y v x u ∂∂-=∂∂∂∂=∂∂,。

那么有如下关系式 y Zx Z Z ∂∂=∂∂='Im Re Re ， xZy Z Z ∂∂=∂∂-='Im Re Im ，由应力函数可得应力()⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛+∂∂+∂∂∂∂=+∂∂=∂∂=I I I I I 222I 2xx Z y Z y y Z y Z y Z y y σIm Im Re Im Re ϕ ()'Im Re Re Re Im Re Im I I I I I I I xx Z y Z Z yZ y Z Z y Z y -=+∂∂=++-∂∂=σ ()⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛∂∂+∂∂∂∂=+∂∂=∂∂=x Z y xZ x Z y Z x x σI I I I 222I 2yyIm Re Im Re ϕ得 ()'Im Re Im Re I I I I yy Z y Z Z y Z x+=+∂∂=σ ()⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-∂∂-∂∂-∂∂=⎥⎦⎤⎢⎣⎡+∂∂-∂∂=∂∂∂-=I I I I I I 2xyZ y Z y y Z x Z y Z y x y x Im Im Re Im Re ϕτ ()'Re Re Im Re Im I I I I I xy Z y xZ y Z Z y Z x -=∂∂-=--∂∂=τ 习题2、如图8-1所示无限大板中含有一长度为2a 的中心贯穿裂纹，设I 型裂纹问题的应力函数为()()()z Z y z Z z I I I Im Re +=ϕ（双向拉伸），或为()()())(2Im Re 22y x A z Z y z Z z I I I --+=ϕ（单向拉伸）。

结构力学课后答案-第6章--力法

习题6-1试确定图示结构的超静定次数。

(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)所有结点均为全铰结点2次超静定6次超静定4次超静定3次超静定II去掉复铰，可减去2（4-1）=6个约束，沿I-I截面断开，减去三个约束，故为9次超静定沿图示各截面断开，为21次超静定I II 刚片I与大地组成静定结构，刚片II只需通过一根链杆和一个铰与I连接即可，故为4次超静定(h)6-2试回答：结构的超静定次数与力法基本结构的选择是否有关？力法方程有何物理意义？6-3试用力法计算图示超静定梁，并绘出M 、F Q 图。

(a)解：上图=l1M pM 01111=∆+p X δ其中：EIl l l l l l l EI l l l l EI 8114232332623232333211311=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯⨯+⨯⨯+⨯⨯⨯+⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯⨯⨯⨯=δEIl F l lF l lF EI l pp p p817332322263231-=⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛⨯-⨯⨯-⨯=∆0817*******=-EI l F X EI l p p F X 211=p M X M M +=11l F p 61l F p 61F PA2l 3l 3B2EIEIC题目有错误，为可变体系。

+pF p lF 32X 1=1M 图p Q X Q Q +=11p F 21⊕p F 21(b)解：基本结构为：l1M 3l l2M l F p 21pM l F p 31⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=∆++=∆++0022221211212111p p X X X X δδδδp M X M X M M ++=2211pQ X Q X Q Q ++=22116-4试用力法计算图示结构，并绘其内力图。

(a)l2l 2l2lABCD EI =常数F Pl 2E FQ 图F PX 1X 2F P解：基本结构为：1M pM 01111=∆+p X δpM X M M +=11(b)解：基本结构为：EI=常数qACEDB4a 2a4a4a20kN/m3m6m6mAEI 1.75EIB CD 20kN/mX 1166810810计算1M ，由对称性知，可考虑半结构。

剑桥少儿英语一年级下册

8/20 Unit 11nicenais美好的2again'gen再一次3worry'wri担心 4letlet让5where hw 哪里6backbk回7howhau怎么样8holiday'hldi假期9our'au我们的10newnju:新的11friendfrend朋友12waswz是13have fun fn玩的开心14nownau现在15helphelp帮助16waywei路、路线、路途17pleasepli:z请18school opening day开学19finger'fig 手指20puppet'ppit木偶21great greit to see you 很高兴看到你22all所有23lizard 'lizd 蜥蜴24monster 'mnst 怪物25photo 'futu 照片26bookcase'bukkeis书架27cupboard'kbd橱柜28alphabet 'lfbit 字母表29present 'preznt 礼物 30 balloon b'lu:n 气球31helicopter 'helikpt 直升飞机一 Hello你好Sam.萨姆Nice to see you again 很高兴再次见到你Nice to see you Zhang Xin. 很高兴看到你张欣Where’s Pat 帕特在哪里She’s coming.她就快来了She’s with Anna now. 她现在与安娜在一起;Oh,哦it’s good to see you back.看到你回来太好了;Me too.你也是How was your holiday你放假去那里啦It was great好极了Oops u:ps 哎2Don’t worry 不要担心 Let me help you. 让我来帮助你Thanks谢谢Bye. 拜拜;Have fun玩的开心点It’s great to see you all again很高兴再次见到你Yse,it is.是的;Is she our new friend她是我们的新朋友吗Yes,she’s Anna.是的,她是安娜;HiI’m Anna.嗨我是安娜;I’m Li Fang 我李芳Hi 你好Miss Zhao. 赵老师看到你很高兴;Nice to see you 很高兴看到你to see you,too 哦;我也很高兴看到你This way, please. 这边请;六These are all my friends. 这些都是我的朋友;Their names are almost the sam.他的名字都叫的差不多;Can you listen and spell their names 你能听并拼写他们的名字吗8/23 Unit 11tootu:也2holiday'hldi假期3greetgri:t招呼4worry'wri担心5welcome'welkm欢迎6meetmi:t遇见7mymai我的 8introduce,intr'dju:s介绍9backbk回10better'bet更好的、更多的,更佳的11new termt:m新学期12finefain很好13strongstr强壮的14crayon'krein蜡笔15bringbri带16ball球17picture 'pikt book图画书18lemonade,lemn'eid柠檬水19eraseri'reis橡皮20rubber'rb橡皮21balloon b'lu:n 气球22helicopter 'helikpt 直升飞机23lizard 'lizd 蜥蜴24monster 'mnst 怪物25photo 'futu 照片26bookcase'bukkeis书柜27cupboard'kbd橱柜28alphabet 'lfbit 字母表29present 'preznt 礼物30bookbuk书31pencil-case铅笔盒32exercise 'ekssaiz book练习本33pencil'pensl铅笔34toy car玩具小气车35pen钢笔36glasses'glɑ:siz眼镜37cake蛋糕38water水39radio 'reidiu收音机40toilet 'tilit paper厕纸七 greet an good friend和老朋友打招呼Hi你好Tong.托你Nice to see you again很高兴再次见到你 Nice to see you ,too见到你也很高兴How’s your holiday 你假期过的怎么样It’s great.很好help your friend帮助你的朋友Oops哎Don’t worry .不要担心Let me help you.让我来帮助你Thanks.谢谢You are welcome.不用谢;introduce a new friend介绍新朋友Li Fang,李芳I’d like you to meet my new friend.我想让你见见我的新朋友I’m Julia.我是朱丽亚How do you do你好 How do you do 你好Hello你好 Nice to see you back很高兴见到你回来;Oh,哦It’s nice to be back.回到学校真好How’s your arm你的手臂好些了吗It’s better now.现在好多了Thank you谢谢九How are you你好吗Fine,thank you.我很好谢谢It’s great to see you很高兴见到你, It’s great to see you很高兴见到你You look fine.你看上去很好;You look strong.你看上去很健康; It’s great to see you 很高兴见到你 It’s great to see you 很高兴见到你9/3 Unit 21classroom 'klɑ:sru m 教室2find out找出3about'baut关于4other 'e things其它东西5fruitfru:t水果6foodfu:d食物7sportsp:t运动8timetaim时间9family'fmili 家庭10number'nmb数字11body'bdi身体12drinkdrik饮料13garden'gɑ:dn花园14shopp商店15farmfɑ:m农场16seasi:大海17plantplɑ:nt植物18bus stop汽车站19train trein station'stein火车站20 stand up 起立21look right 向右看22look left向左看23look up向上看 24bend bend down 弯腰 25cross kr:s your arms双肩交叉26 put your arms down 双臂放下 27 put your arms up 双臂举起 28put your hands on your head双手放在头上 29stand on your left leg 左腿站立 30put your hands behind your back双手背后 31sit down坐下 32English class 英语课一Now,listen现在听一听You can find out about water in book 6, under w, 你能在第六册书中,字母W下面找到与水有关的词吗You can find out about food in book 2 under f. 你能在第二册书中,字母F下面找到与食物有关的词吗Please find out about the other things.请找出与其它有关的词;六Stand up起立 Look right向右看 Look left向左看 Look up 向上看 Bend down 弯腰 Cross your arms双肩交叉 Put your arms down 双臂放下 Put your arms up 双臂举起 Put your hands on your head 把双手放在头上 Stand on your left leg 左腿站立 Put your hands behind your back 双手背后 Sit down坐下;八 Let’s sing and dance, 让我们唱歌跳舞Let’s sing and dance. 让我们唱歌跳舞Let’s play games in our English class. 让我们在英语课上玩游戏;Let’s draw and colour. 让我们画画和涂颜色Let’s draw and colour. 让我们画画和涂颜色Let’s draw a garden and colour its flowers. 让我们画一个彩色的花园;9/18 Unit 31lunchlnt午饭2buybai买3chipstip薯条4friesfraiz炸薯条5problem'prblm问题6freshfre新鲜7ideaai'di主意8hungry'hgri饥饿9yourselfju'self你自己10helphelp帮助11vegetables'veditbl蔬菜12sandwich'sndwit三明治13noodles'nu:dl面条14butter'bt黄油15addd加16togethert'gee一起17linelain 排18total'tutl总数19column'klm行列20menu'menju:菜单21ricerais米饭22breadbred面包23pizza'pi:ts比萨24candy'kndi糖果25chocolate'tklit巧克力26cookie'kuki曲奇饼干27cakekeik蛋糕 28cheeseti:z干酪29juicedu:s果汁30milkmilk牛奶31beerbi啤酒32onion'njn洋葱33tomatot'meitu番茄34potatop'teitu土豆35carrot'krt胡萝卜36peapi:豌豆37beanbi:n豆38pumpkin'pmpkin南瓜39often':fn常常40sometimes有时41never'nev从不一What would you like,sir先生你想要些什么Can I have two burgers,seven eggs and seven ice creams,please我能要2个汉堡包,7个鸡蛋和7个冰淇淋吗Sure当然可以Let’s buy 5 chips,5 fish,5 eggs and some sausages,OK我们买5包薯条,5条鱼,5个鸡蛋和和一些香肠好吗No Problem好的Fresh fruit新鲜的水果Can I have some apples and pears我能买些苹果和梨吗 Sure 当然可以Come onI’m hungry now.快点我现在好饿;Help yourself,please请随便吃What would you like,Anna想要点什么安娜I’d like a burger. 我想要1个汉堡包;It’s my favourite.那是我最喜欢的;What shall we buy我们要买点什么吗Any ideasWell,有什么建议吗let’s buy some chicken and burgers,some fries,ice creams and some .我们买些鸡肉和汉堡包、一些炸薯条,冰淇淋和一些香肠吗五1Have you ever had these你程经吃过这些事物吗2Which foods that you like are missing少了那些你喜欢的食物3Tick the ones you have had.把喜欢吃过的食物圈出来;八Apples,pears,lemons and mangoes,peaches,grapes,oranges and coconuts. 苹果,梨,柠檬,芒果,桃子,葡萄,橘子和椰子.They are all fruits. 他们都是水果;They are all fruits. 他们都是水果;Chicken,rice,cakes and bread,burgers,potatoes,pizzas and sausages. 鸡,大米,蛋糕和面包,汉堡包,土豆,比萨和香肠;They are all food. 他们都是食物;They are all food.他们都是食物;9/24 Unit 41olduld老的2youngj年轻的3happy'hpi快乐的4sadsd悲伤的5longl长的6short:t 短的7bigbig大的8smallsm:l小的9tall t:l 高的10short:t矮的11quickkwik快的12slowslu慢的13everyone'evriwn每一个人14workw:k工作15cutkt剪16over there,uv 'er那里 17letter'let字母18shellel贝壳19shouldud应该20begin with bi'gin wie 以…开头 21welcome'welkm受欢迎的22sheepi:p绵羊23breadbred面包24clockklk钟25grapegreip葡萄26lateleit迟到27next time下一次28askɑ:sk问29question 'kwestn 问题30excuse me iks'kju:z mi:打扰31matchmt相配32Chinese 中文33English英文一Hello,everyone.大家好Please work in groups now.现在开始分组工作; This is a small baby.这是一个小婴儿;This is a big dog. 这是一只大狗;This is long,这是长,which is short那矮在那里 Ii’s over there.他在那里; We can match them.我们可以把他们配对 Let’s do it.我们一起来做What’s he doing他正在做什么 He’s cutting a new litter.他正在剪一个新字母 GreatWe can play a word game. 好及了,我们可以玩一个单词游戏;Let’s do it.来吧Where is my shell我的贝壳在那；那里, It’s under your paper.在你的纸下面Ah ,here,it is Thangks啊在这儿谢谢 You’re welcome不用谢Where should I put the book我因该把书放那儿啊六,I’m ’m late. 王老师,对不起,我“迟到;That’s OK Don’t be late next time. 没关系,下一次不要迟到;,can I ask you a question 李老师,我可以问你一个问题吗Yes,please.可以;Excuse me. May I come in 对不起;我可以进来吗Yes,sure.当然可以;What’s the Chinese for “eraser”Xiangpi “eraser”用汉语怎么说“橡皮Excuse me. 对不起;What’s the English for “Qianbihe”请问铅笔盒英文怎么说Pencil-case.I’m sorry.对不起;That’s OK.没关系九Letters s-h-e-e-p,it’s a, it’s a sheep. 字母S - H- E- E- P,它是一个,它是一只绵羊;Letters b-r-e-a-d,it’s our, it’s our bread. 字母B - R- E- A- D,这是我们的,这是我们的面包;Letters c-l-o-c-k,it’s our, it’s our clock. 字母C - L- O- C- K,这是我们的,这是我们的时钟;Letters g-r-a-p-e,it’s a, it’s a big grape字母G- R- A- P- E,它是一个,这是一个大的葡萄10/6 . Unit 51all:l所有的2dress up dres p装扮 3lookluk看4carefully'kfli仔细5flagflg 旗子6forf:代表7 theire他们的8play with plei wie和…玩9flower'flau花10dirty'd:ti脏11skirtsk:t短裙12firstf:st第一13thirdθ:d第三14actkt扮演15bendbend弯腰16 clapklp拍手17flyflai飞19hidehaid躲19iron'ain熨烫20jumpdmp跳21kickkik踢22listen'lisn听23movemu:v移动24nodnd点头25open'upn打开26paintpeint画画27queuekju:排队28sleepsli:p睡觉29touchtt 摸30visit'vizit参观31circle's:kl圆32shirt:t衬衫一All the letters are dressed look carefully and write their names in the boxes.所有的字母都装饰好了请仔细的看并把他们的名字写进盒子里.LLLL I can write T.我会写T;You want it.你想要它You say it and then you get it就说出她的名字然后就能得到他了.Aa is for an 代表一个苹果, Bb is for a bee. B代表一只蜜蜂Cc is for a 代表一块蛋糕Dd is for a 代表一张桌子Ee is for an 代表鸡蛋Ff is for a flag…F代表一面旗帜;三Oh,I see a sea. 哦,我看到了大海; Oh,I see you. 哦,我看你; Oh,you see a pea. 哦,你看到一个豌豆; Oh,you see a bee 哦,你看到一只蜜蜂四Sir,this girl wearing a dirty skirt is not the first,but the third. 主席先生,这个女孩穿着脏兮兮的裙子是不是第一,而是第三;The frist is the frist.第一是第一The third is the third.第三是第三The third canbe the first,第三能变成第一 and the frist can be the third.第一也能变成第三七act bend clap drink eat fly hide iron jump kick listen move nod open paint queue read sleep touch visit八 Mm is for Moon. Xx is for Xylophone. MM是月球; XX是木琴;九There was a farmer who had a Bingo was his name-Oh. 有一个农民有一个狗.宾果是他的名字哦;B-I-N-G-O X-I-N-G-O X-X-N-G-O X-X-X-G-O X-X-X-X-OB-I-N-G-O X-I-N-G-O X-X-N-G-O X-X-X-G-O X-X-X-X-OB-I-N-G-O X-I-N-G-O X-X-N-G-O X-X-X-G-O X-X-X-X-OAnd Bingo was his name-Oh 宾果是他的名字哦10/15 Unit 61morem:更多2wordw:d单词3factory'fktri工厂4I’ve got我有 5just a minute dst 'minit稍等片刻6ready'redi准备好7another'ne又一个8badbd坏的9please waitpli:z weit请等一等10soundsaund发音11sameseim同样12a little bit'litl bit一点点13waywei道路14interesting'intristi有趣的15boring'b:ri无趣的16favourite最喜欢的17funfn乐趣18horseh:s马19eati:t吃20panda'pnd熊猫21holdhuld拿着22lookluk看着23make words meik组词24cornk:n玉米25forkf:k叉子26torcht:t火炬27porter'p:t搬运夫28story'st:ri故事29you’d better'bet你最好30soccer game 'sk geim足球比赛31about'baut关于32classklɑ:s班级OhHow happy I amI’v got a name.喔,我好高兴啊,我有了个名字;HiWhich is my name嗨,那一个是我的名字;Just a minute. It’s ready. 等一下就好了;Oh,another badname喔,又一个难听的名字;HeyPlease wait嘿,请等一下;We sound the same我们的声音听起来一样;Well,a little not the same.恩,只是相似而已,不是完全一样的; HelloI’m your friend你好,我是你的朋友;Yes,we’re friends.是的我们是朋友;Can we be friends我们能成为朋友吗Yes,we’re in the same family.能我们在一个家族里;Same family way,please同一个家族的这边请a,e,i,o,u a,e,i,o,u This way,pleaseMeet your new friends这边请来认识你门的新朋友;There is a word game book for you给你一本单词游戏书;Thank you谢谢三1The horse is eating some corns 2The horse is eating with a fork 3The panda is holding a torch 4The cat is looking at the porter四Words,words,let’s make words.词,词,让我们组词;Big words,small words,long words and short words. 大词,小词,长词和短词;New words,old words,interesting and boring words. 新词,旧词,有趣的和无聊的话;Words,words,let’s make words. 词,词,让我们组词;六Ann:Hi,Bob,Lucy has a story to tell. 安妮：嗨,鲍勃,露西要讲一个故事;Bob:What is it 鲍勃：一个什么故事Ann:I don’t know,You’d better ask have a new book to read.安妮:我不知道,你最好问她,我有一本新书要看;Bob:What is it 鲍勃：什么书;Ann:It’s about farm animals. 安妮：有关农场动物的书;Bob:Well,I have a game to must go now. 鲍勃：哦,我要去观看一场比赛,我现在必须得走了Ann:What game is it 安妮：什么比赛Bob:It’s a soccer game between our class and Class Two. 鲍勃：我们班和2班的足球比赛;Ann:That’s ’s go to together. 安妮：好极了,让我们一起去吧;10/22 Unit 71reading-room阅览室2picture pikt∫图片3pardonpɑdn原谅4cartoonkɑtun卡通5every day每天 6 musicmjuzik音乐 7English igli∫英文8easy容易9maths mθs数学10Chinese t∫ainiz中文11give you 给你12eat me吃我13bounce me拍我14eatingiti吃15walkingwki走16playing玩17restingresti休息18drinkingdriki喝19climbingklaimi爬20clotheskluez衣服21foodfud食物22bringbri带来23favouritefeivrit喜爱的24sentencesentns句子25in在…里面26on在…上面27infront of在前面28undernd在下面29hockeyhki曲棍球30badmintonbdmintn羽毛球31basketballbɑskitbl篮球32tennistenis网球33wearwi穿戴一 Hi,Zhang MingI’m here. 嗨,张明我在这儿;HiCome herePlease sit down. 嗨,过来请坐下;I’m coming.我来了;This reading-room is very like it.这间阅览室很不错,我很喜欢;I like this room,come here every day.我也很喜欢这间阅览室,我每天都来;Is it OK to say this这样说可以吗PardonWhat did you say对不起请再说一遍,你说什么What books do you like reading你喜欢读什么书I like picture books.我喜欢图画书Which book would you like to read你喜欢读那种书I’d like to read a book on animals.我喜欢读与动物有关的书;I love animals.我喜欢动物;二Animals 动物书 Story Book 故事书 Picture Book 图画书Cartoons 卡通书 Music 音乐书 English 英语书 Easy Maths 数学书 Chinese Book 语文书三1I give you milk.我给你牛奶2I can swim.我会游泳3You can eat me你可以吃我.4You can bounce me你可以拍打我.5I say“Oink”我会昂昂叫.6You can wear this.你可以带上这个;七Books,books,I like reading books. 书籍、书籍、我喜欢读书;Animals,fruit,clothes and food. 动物、水果、衣服和食物;Books,books,I like reading books. 书籍、书籍、我喜欢读书; Books,books,I like reading books.书籍、书籍、我喜欢读书;书籍、书籍、我喜欢读书;八Bring your favourite thing from your house and tell us something about it.从家里带来你最喜欢的东西,然后给我们讲述有关他的一些事情;Bring one of your favourite books to it and talk about it. 带一本你最喜欢的书到班里,给同学门展示一下你的书并说一说;You can say:This is my favourite ’s about like it very much. 你可以说：这是我最喜爱的书它与动物有关,我非常喜欢它;十Read the sentences and add things to the picture.A bird is in the tree树上有一只鸟.Tow red apples are on the tree.树上有2个红苹果A boy is in front of the house.房子前面有一个男孩A cat is under the table.桌子下有只猫A .pink ball is under the tree.树下面有一个粉红的的球There bananas are on the table 桌子上有3只香蕉;.10/29 Unit 81learning'l:ni学习2fairf游乐场3parrot'prt鹦鹉4blackblk黑色5blueblu:蓝色6brownbraun棕色7greengri:n绿色8grey grei /graygrei灰色9orange':rind橙色10pinkpik粉红11purple'p:pl紫色12redred红色13whitehwait白色14yellow'jelu黄色15smartsmɑ:t聪明16hearthɑ:t心脏17clownklaun小丑18knownu知道19importantim'p:tnt重要的20Christmas'krisms圣诞节21rainbow'reinbu彩虹22along with me 'l wie mi:和我一道23roseruz玫瑰24funny'fni可笑的25grassgrɑ:s草地26both buθ两只27sun太阳28starstɑ:星星29skyskai天空30at night在夜晚31balloonb'lu:n气球32withwie用33everything'evriθi每件东西34becomebi'km变成一I’m learning colours.我在学习颜色;I become smart.我变聪明了;I put the colours in my head.我把颜色装在我的脑子里;I know them all by my heart.我用心去了解他们Red Red is an apple. 红色是一个苹果;Red is a rose. 红色是一朵玫瑰;Red is the colour of my funny clown’s nose. 红色是我滑稽小丑鼻子的颜色;Green Green is a pear. 绿色是一只梨;Green is a tree. 绿色是一棵树;Greenis the grass under both my feet. 绿色是我双脚下的小草;Yellow Yellow is the sun. 黄色是太阳;Yellow is the star. 黄色是星星;Yellow is the lemon painted on my car. 黄色是我车上的柠檬色;Brown Brown is a dog. 棕色,的狗;Brown is a bear. 棕色,的熊;Brown is the colour of a Barbie doll’s hair. 棕色是一个芭比娃娃头发的颜色;Blue Blue is a shirt. 蓝色是一件衬衫;Blue are his eyes. 他的眼睛是蓝色的;Blue is the sky where a big plane flies. 蓝色是一架大飞机飞行的天空;Black Black is a sheep. 黑色是一只羊;Black is a kite. 黑色是一只风筝;Blackis a big cat catching mice at night. 黑色是一只大猫在晚上抓老鼠;Which coloured parrot do you like你喜欢什么颜色的鹦鹉I like this blue parrot我喜欢这只兰色的鹦鹉;Which coloured balloon do you want你们想要什么颜色的气球Yellow,please.请给我黄色的;Green,please.请给我绿色的;RedYellowGreen 红黄绿;Which colour do you want to see你们想看那一种颜色Red红色四Red and yellow and pink and green. 红色和黄色、粉红色和绿色;Purple and orange and blue. 紫色和橙色和蓝色;I can sing a rainbow. 我会唱的彩虹; Singa rainbow. 唱的彩虹;Sing a rainbow,too 唱的彩虹;See with your eyes. 用你的眼睛看; Listen with your ears. 用你的耳朵倾听;And sing everything you see. 和你所看到的一切都唱;I can sing a rainbow. 我会唱的彩虹;Sing a rainbow. 唱的彩虹;Sing along with me. 一起唱圣灵降临我;六Lemons are yellow.柠檬是黄色的Yes Yes Yes 是是是 Yes Yes Yes 是是是 Yes Yes Yes 是是是 Yes Yes Yes 是是是11/5 Unit 91smell the flowers smel e 'flau 闻花香2 shining 'aini 照耀3talk t:k 谈话4lots of lts v许多5 see-saw 'si:s: 跷跷板6 join them din eem加入他们7 ride a bike rid baik 骑自行车8 catch a butterfly 'kti 'btflai 抓蝴蝶9 paint a picture peint 'pikt 画10 listen to music 'lisni tu:'mju:zik 听音乐11 read a book 'ri:di buk 看书12 bounce a ball'baunsi b:l 拍球13kick a ball kik b:l踢球14 take a photo 'teiki 'futu 拍照片15 have lunch 'hvi lnt 吃午餐 16colour'kl涂色17pat pt轻拍18share分享19morem: 更多 20choosetu:z选择21describedi'skraib描述22empty'empti空的23correctk'rekt正确的24people'pi:pl人们一It’s a nice day,isn’t it今天天气真好,是吗Yes,it is.是的;LookLots of children are playing in the park. 看很多小孩在公园里玩耍;Yes,they are smelling the flowers. 是的,他们在闻花香;Let’s go and join them. 我们也去加入他们吧;Good ideaLet’s go.好主意走吧;riding a bike 骑自行车playing on the see-saw 玩跷跷板talking 说话smell the flowers 闻花香 shining 照耀 painting a picture 绘画 catching a butterfly 捉蝴蝶 listening to music 听音乐reading a book 读书kicking a ball 踢球having lunch 吃午餐 taking a photo 拍照片 bouncing a ball 拍球二Colour the flower pink,blue and yellow. 把花涂成粉色、兰色、和黄色相间的Draw a red ball under the tree.在树的下面画一个红色的球Colour the kite green,brown and black. 把风筝涂成绿色、棕色和黑色相间的; Colour the butterfly blue and yellow.把蝴蝶涂成兰色和黄色相间的;Draw a bird next to the sun. 在太阳的旁边画一只鸟;Colour the bike black and red.把自行车涂成黑色和红色Draw a plane and colour it yellow and blac画一架飞机并把它涂成黄色和黑色相间的六 It’s a nice day,isn’t it今天天气真好,是吗Yes,it is.是的;What’s the boy doing哪个男孩在干什么He’s painting a picture. 他在绘画Let’s go and join them. 我们也去加入他们吧;Good ideaLet’s go.好主意走吧; What are you doing你在赶什么I’m reading a picture book.我在看图画书;七The boy’s in the circle.男孩在圆圈里;The boy’s in the circle. 男孩在圆圈里;Heigh-ho, 嗨喉heigh-ho. 嗨喉The boy’s in the circle. 男孩在圆圈里;The boy wants his friend.男孩想做他的朋友;The boy wants his friend. 男孩想做他的朋友;Heigh-ho, 嗨喉heigh-ho. 嗨喉The boy wants his friend. 男孩想做他的朋友;The friend wants a girl. 朋友想要一个女孩;The friend wants a girl. 朋友想要一个女孩;Heigh-ho, 嗨喉Heigh-ho . 嗨喉The friend wants a girl. 朋友想要一个女孩;The girl wants her sister. 女孩想她的妹妹;The girl wants her sister. 女孩想她的妹妹; Heigh-ho, 嗨喉Heigh-ho . 嗨喉The girl wants her sister. 女孩想她的妹妹;The sister wants her dog. 妹妹想她的狗;The sister wants her dog. 妹妹想她的狗; Heigh-ho, 嗨喉Heigh-ho . 嗨喉The sister wants her dog. 妹妹想她的狗;We all pat the dog. 我们都抚摩着狗;We all pat the dog. 我们都抚摩着狗;Heigh-ho, 嗨喉Heigh-ho . 嗨喉We all pat the dog. 我们都抚摩着狗;九1、dog dg mopmp box bks map mp frog frg2、bus bs duck dk sun sn cup kp rug rg3、apple 'pl bee bi: sock sk flag flg hand hnd4、pen pen bag bg leg leg hen hen net net11/12 Unit 101number'nmb数字2in our lives我们生活中3these are这些是4often use常用的5think of想6let让7guessges猜8well-done'wel'dn干的好9double'dbl双的10zero'ziru 零11phonefun电话12room房间13lucky'lki幸运14flatflt公寓15classroom教室16mobile'mubil移动的17fax传真18page页码19street街道20oncewns曾经21alive'laiv活着的22again'gen又23becausebi'k:z因为24finger'fig手指25take off脱下26put on穿上27open打开28close关上29stickstik木棍一These are the numbers we often use in our lives.这些是我们生活中常用的数字; Now think of one,and let your friengs guess.现在想一个数字让朋友们猜一猜Birth Date------------------------------------ClassPhone number电话号码 Your birthday你的生日 Room number房间号码 Lucky number幸运数字 Car number汽车数量 Flat number平面数 Page number页码Classroom number教室数量Grandfather’s birthday祖父的生日Mother’s birthday母亲的生日 Mobile phone number手机号码 Street number街道号码 Fax number传真号码四One,two,three,four,five, 一,二,三,四,五,once I caught a fish alive. 我钓到了一条活着的鱼;six,seven,eight,nine,ten, 六,七,八,九,十,but I let it go again, 但我让他逃走了,Why did I let it go 为什么我让他走呢Because it bit my finger so. 因为它咬我的手指;Which finger did it bite 它咬哪个手指呢The little one upon the right. 右手最后的指头;One,two,take off/put on my shoes. 一,二,起飞/穿上我的鞋;Three,four,open/close the door. 三,四,打开/关闭门;Five,six,draw/tick some sticks. 五,六,绘制/打勾一些枝;Seven,eight,make/eat some cakes. 七,八,/吃一些蛋糕;Nine,ten,let’s say/do it again. 九,十,让我们说/做一遍;六This is a new toy shop.这是一家新玩具店There are a lot of toys.这儿有很多的玩具;But they want to have more toys.但是他们想要更多的玩具;Please draw your favourite toys so theg can get them for you.请画出你最喜爱的玩具,以便他们拿给你;八A：Where is this wall 这面墙在哪儿 B:It’s in Beihai Park.它在北海公园; A:What’s it called它叫什么 B:“Nine—Dragon Wall.”九龙壁;A: What is it 这是什么 B:It’s a rainbow.是一道彩虹 A:How many colours has it got 它有多少种颜色; B:It has got seven colours.他有7种颜色A:What’s this for 这个代表什么 B:It’s for our Olympic Games. 代表我们的奥林匹克运动会; A:What does it say他代表什么意思 B:“One World,One Dream.”同一个世界同一个梦想A:What is it 这个是什么 B:It’s a seven-piece puzzle. 是七巧; A:What is it for 他是做什么用的 B:It’s for brain work.是用来开动脑筋的11/19 Unit 111visit'vizit参观2opposite'pzit反义词3olduld老的,旧的4youngj年轻的5newnju:新的6happy'hpi高兴7sadsd悲伤的8angry'gri生气的9bigbig大的10smallsm:l小的11longl长的12short:t短的,矮的13tallt:l高的14hotht热的15coldkuld冷16fastfɑ:st快的17slowslu慢的18quickkwik快的19leftleft左20rightrait右21backbk后22frontfrnt前面23upp向上24downdaun向下25goodgud好的26badbd坏的27darkdɑ:k黑暗28brightbrait明亮29little'litl小的30hidehaid躲藏31wearw 穿32landlnd陆地一What can you see in the parkI 在公园里你能看到什么can see an old man and a young boy. 我能看到一个老人和一个小男孩;This is cool.这个地方棒及了;I’ve never been here.我从没来过这而二Happy 'hpi 高兴的 angry 'gri 生气的 new nju:新的 old uld旧的 big big 大的 small sm:l小的 long l长的 short :t短的五Let’s run up and down. 让我们的跑上跑下;Let’s hide back and front. 让我们躲前和躲后Let’s eat hot and cold. 让我们吃热的和冷的;Let’s wear new and old.让我们穿新的和旧的;Let’s go left and right.让我们往左和往右;Let’s sleep day and night.让我们日夜睡眠;Let’s be quick and slow.让我们快和慢;Let’s say YES and NO.让我们说是和不;八The sun is very hot/cold. 太阳是非常冷/热;The giraffe is very short/tall. 长颈鹿是很短/高;The turtle is very fast/slow. 龟是非常快/慢;The glasses are very old/new. 眼镜是很旧/新;The elephant is very big/small. 大象是非常大/小;The house is very dark/bright. 房子很暗/明亮;The tea is very cold/hot. 茶是非常冷/热;The ruler is very short/long.尺是是非常短/长;The mouse is very big/little. 鼠是非常大/小;九You go here to read.你来这里读一读You can fly this.你能让这个飞起来You can bounce this. 你可以让这个弹起来You can see these next to the moon at night. 晚上在月亮的附近看到这些You can play games on this. 你能用这个玩游戏You can buy things here. 你可以用这个买东西You put books on this.你把书放在这上面It’s a small green animal.他是一只绿色的小动物It can live in water or on land.他可以生活在水中也可以生活在陆地上;11/25 Unit 121foldfuld折叠2lesson'lesn课3everyone'evriwn每一个人4todayt'dei今天5follow'flu跟随6stepstep步骤7your own ju un你自己的8stickstik粘贴9sticky tape 'stiki teip胶带10scissors'sizz剪刀11how farfɑ:多远12circle's:kl圆形13ringri环行14piecepi:s片15squareskw正方形16triangle'traigl三角形17rectanglerek'tgl长方形18pentagon'pentgn五边形19halfhɑ:f一半20So do I 我也是21Not at all不用谢22You are welcome不客气23UFO不明飞行物24Here you are给你25enjoyin'di享受乐趣26use使用27person'p:sn人28forward'f:wd人9backbk向后Hello,everyone.大家好We are going to make a paper UFO today.我们今天用纸来做一个不明飞行物This UFO is easy to make and fun to fly.这个不明飞行物很容易做飞起来也很好玩Just follow the steps and make your own paper UFO.按照步骤来做你们自己的不明飞行物I love paper-folding lessons. 我喜欢折纸鹤So do I 我也是May I use the sticky tape我可以用胶带吗 Here you are给你Thank you谢谢 You are welcome. 不客气May I use the scissors我可以用剪刀吗 Here you are给你Thank you 谢谢Not at all.不客气LookMy UFO is flying now.看我的飞行物飞起来了Guess,how far will it fly 看看它能飞多远;Step 1 Fold each square in half from A to C. 第一步将每一个正方形从A点到C 点对半折叠;Step 2 Fold each triangle from B to A. 第二步将每个三角形的B点折叠到A点;Step 3 Place point D of one piece into the pocket of another piece. 第三步将一个折叠物的D点插入另一个折叠物的开口处;Step 4 Go on until all pieces join to from a ring. 第四步重复第三步直到形成一个圆环;Step 5 Turn the ring over,Fold each Cas shown. 第五步将圆环翻转过来并使C点朝外;Step 6 Stick the pieces together with sticky tape. 第六步用胶带将每个折叠物粘在一起;二circle 's:kl 圆圈/ring ri圆环 square skw正方形 triangle 'traigl 三角形 rectangle rek'tgl长方形 star stɑ:星形 pentagon 'pentgn五边形六A circle in a square,a circle in a square. 在一个广场围成一个圆圈,一个圆圈在一个正方形;Rectangle,triangle can be all in a circle. 长方形、三角形可都是围成一个圈; Pentagon and star can be all in a circle. 五角大楼和星星都围成一个圈;12/3 Unit 131childtaild儿童2children'tildrn儿童复3policemanp'li:smn警察4grandmother'grnd,me祖母5cross the street kr:s穿马路6give给7some water一些水8best friend最好的朋友9together一起10spellspel拼写11turtle't:tl乌龟12rabbit'rbit兔子13watch Tv看电视4see a puppet show 'ppit u看木偶戏15go boating'buti去划船16play table tennis'tenis打乒乓球17go swimming 游泳18play hide-and-seek捉迷藏19go bike-riding'raidi骑自行车20kickkik踢21passpɑ:s传递22often':fn经常23next接下来24help帮助25who谁26designdi'zain 设计27cardkɑ:d卡片28name名字29ageeid年龄30merry'meri欢乐的31lanelein小巷32drivedraiv驾驶33sunlight'snlait阳光一Look看Our policeman is helping the grandmother cross the street and that little girl is giving the policeman some water.我们的警察正在帮一位老奶奶过马路,那个小女孩正在给警察送水Who’s that boy那个男孩是谁Oh,he’s my best friend.哦她是我最好的朋友We often play together.我们经常在一起玩What’s nextI旁边是什么It’s the rabbit and the turtle.是一只兔子和一只乌龟How do you spell turtle怎样拼读单词T-u-r-t-l-e.二What do you often do on Children’s Day 你在儿童节那天经常做什么I often go boating. 我经常去划船;Watch TV看电视 see a puppet show看了一场滑稽的木偶表演 go boating一起去划船 play table tennis打乒乓球 go swimming去游泳play hide-and-seek玩捉迷藏的游戏 go bike-riding去骑自行车五Kick the ball踢球 Pass the ball传球 Run with the ball on the book 球在书上,拿着书跑七Who can come here and tell us what you have got谁能来这儿告诉我们你带来了什么I’ve got a teddy bear and a monkey.我带来了玩具熊和玩具猴子;八 dance dɑ:ns跳舞 sing si唱歌 play football踢足球 ride a bike骑自行车 ride a horse骑着一匹马 fly a kite放风筝 draw pictures画画 play table tennis打乒乓球 bounce a ball拍皮球 open the door开门 cook kuk 烹调 feed a bird 喂一只鸟 hop hp单脚跳 play the pianopi'nu弹钢琴 play the guitargi'tɑ:弹吉他 paint your own face绘制自己的脸九Merry train 快乐的火车Merry train 快乐的火车Cross the street into the lane. 穿过马路到那条小路;Merry train 快乐的火车Merry train 快乐的火车Drive in the in the rain.在阳光下开车;在雨中开车;12/10 Unit 141play football踢足球 2play table tennis打乒乓球 3ride a bike骑自行车4draw pictures画画5cookkuk烹饪6play the pianopi'nu弹钢琴7guitargi'tɑ:吉他8birthday party生日聚会9beautiful漂亮10light candles lait 'kndl点亮蜡烛11present'preznt礼物12wishwi愿望13blow out吹灭14cut切15favourite 最喜欢的16person'p:sn人17first第一18second'seknd第二19thirdθ:d第三20fourth f:θ第四21barbɑ:酒吧间22mopmp拖把23bootbu:t靴子24bellbel铃25secret'si:krit秘密26shouldud应该27lunchlnt午饭28dinner'din晚餐29glasses of water几杯水30spotspt挑出31difference'difrns不同点32ask问33answer回答34vegetable蔬菜35how many多少一Wowwhat a beautiful cake哇好漂亮的蛋糕Happy birthday生日快乐Abirthday for me我的生日Yes.是的;My friends我的朋友 my pet我的宠物 presents礼物 fruit for the party为晚会准备的水果二make a birthday cake做一个生日蛋糕 light candles点燃蜡烛 give a present赠送一份礼物 sing a birthday song唱生日歌 make a wish许个愿blow out candles吹蜡烛 cut the cake切蛋糕 eat the cake吃蛋糕三My mum’s favourite colour is red. 我妈妈最喜欢的颜色是红色 My mum’s favourite person is me. 我妈妈最喜欢的人是我; My dad’s favourite animal is a dog. 我爸爸最喜欢的动物是一只狗;四My first is in the car.我名字的第一个字母在car里; But not in the bar.但不在单词bar里My secong is in the map. 我名字的第二个字母在map里But not in the mop. 但不在单词mop里;My third is in the book. 我名字的第三个字母在book里But not in the boot. 但不在单词boot里;My fourth is in the bell. 我名字的第四个字母在bell里But not in the ball. 但不在单词ball里;九Happy birthday to you. 祝你生日快乐; Happy birthday to you. 祝你生日快乐; Happy birthday to you. 祝你生日快乐; Happy birthday to you. 祝你生日快乐;十How many servings of fruit and vegetables should we have a day-------每天我们应该补充多少份水果和蔬菜How many glasses of water should we have a day------------- 每天我们应该补充多少杯水What should we eat very little of ------我们应该怎么吃很少呢What should we often eat for lunch/dinner---------- 我们应该怎么经常吃午饭/晚餐吃什么12/17 Unit 151throwθru扔2shuttlecock'tlkk羽毛球3feather'fee羽毛4racereis比赛5mimic'mimik模仿6soundsaund声音7musical'mju:zikl音乐的8island'ailnd岛屿9kangaroo,kg'ru:袋鼠10Hurry up快点11linelain直线12highesthai最高的13fastestfɑ:st最快的14minute'minit分钟15chairt椅子16roomru:m房间17streetstri:t街道18China中国19stillstil仍然20findfaind找到21jumpdmp跳22runrn跑23catchkt抓24hophp单脚跳25bendbend弯腰26walkw:k走27standstnd站28sitsit坐29kickkik踢30swimming pool游泳池31behindbi'haind在…后面32building'bildi大楼33library'laibrri图书馆一Hurry up快点Stand in a line.站成一列Each person can throw the shuttlecock three times.每个人可以投3次羽毛球 Come on 加油Come on 加油Who can jump。

英语口语缩写聊天缩写

老外聊天、发邮件常用英语缩写邮件里常用的四个英文缩写CC,FYI,ASAP,RESEND1. CC=Carbon copy 抄送2. FYI=for your reference 供你参考3. ASAP=as soon as possible 尽快4. RESEND! 重传数字：2 = to/too2B or not 2B = To be or not to be4 = for4ever = foreverA：ASL = Age/Sex/LocationAFAIC = As Far As I’m ConcernedAFAIK = As Far As I KnowAMBW = All My Best WishesAOTS = All Of The SuddenASAFP = As Soon As "Friggin" Possible ASAP = As Soon As PossibleATST = At The Same TimeB：B4 = BeforeB4N = Bye For NowBBIAB = Be Back In A BitBBIAF = Be Back In A FewBBL = Be Back LaterBBN = Bye Bye NowBF = Boy friendBFD = Big Fing DealBFN = Bye For NowBHOF = Bald Headed Old FartBIF = Basis In FactBITD = Back In The DayBiz = BusinessBM = Byte MeBMOTA = Byte Me On The AssBNF = Big Name FanBOHICA = Bend Over Here It Comes Again BOM=bill of material 材料清单BR = Best regardsBRB = Be Right BackBRT = Be Right ThereBS = Big SmileBT = Byte ThisBTDT = Been There Done ThatBTSOOM = Beats The Sh Out Of MeBTW = By The WayBTWBO = Be There With Bells OnBWDIK = But What Do I Know?BWO = Black, White or OtherC：Cam = Web CameraCIAO = Goodbye (in Italian)CID = Consider It DoneCIS = CompuServe Information ServiceCMF = Count My FingersCof$ = Church of ScientologyCRAFT = Can’t Remember A Fing Thing CRAWS = Can’t Remember Anything Worth A Sh CSL = Can’t Stop LaughingCTC = Choaking The ChickenCU = See YouCUL/CYL/CUL8R = See You LaterCWYL = Chat With You LaterCYA = Cover Your AssD：DBEYR = Don’t Believe Everything You Read DD = Due DiligenceDDD = Direct Distance DialDETI = Don’t Even Think ItDGT = Don’t Go ThereDHYB = Don’t Hold Your BreathDIIK = Damned If I KnownDILLIGAD = Do I Look Like I Give A d\\amn DILLIGAS = Do I Look Like I Give A ShDKDC = Don’t Know Don’t CareDL = DownloadDLTM = Don’t Lie To MeDQYDJ = Don’t Quit You’re Day JobDRIB = Don’t Read If BusyDS = Dunce SmileyDYSTSOTT = Did You See The Size Of That ThingE：EG = Evil GrinEOM = End Of MessageESO = Equipment Smarter than OperatorF：F2F/FTF = Face To FaceFAQ = Frequently Asked QuestionFBKS = Failure Between Keyboard and SeatFE = For Example/Fatal ErrorFF&PN = Fresh Fields And Pastures NewFOAF = Friend Of A FriendFTASB = Faster Than A Speeding BulletFT = FaintFTL = Faster Than LightFTTB = For The Time BeingFUBAR = Fed Up Beyond All RecognitionFUBB = Fed Up Beyond BeliefFUD = (Spreading) Fear, Uncertainty, and DisinformationFWIW = For What It’s WorthFYA = For Your AmusementFYI = For Your InformationFYM = For Your MisinformationG：G2G = Got To GoG8T/GR8 = GreatGAL = Get A LifeGDGD = Good,GoodGF = girlfriendGG = Good Game/Gotta GoGIGO = Garbage In, Garbage Out GIWIST = Gee, I Wish I’d Said ThatGL = Good LuckGLYASDI = God Loves You And So Do I GMTA = Great Minds Think Alike GNBLFY = Got Nothing But Love For You GR&D = Grinning Running And Ducking GRRRR = "Growling"GSOAS = Go Sit On A SnakeGTG = Got To GoGTGB = Got To Go, ByeGTGP = Got To Go PeeGTH = Go To HellGTSY = Glad To See YaGYPO = Get Your Pants OffBE A QUEEN.H：HAGO = Have A Good OneHAK = Hugs And KissesHB = Hurry BackHD = HoldHHO1/2K = Ha Ha, Only Half Kidding HHOK = Ha Ha, Only KiddingHIOOC = Help! I’m Out Of Coffee Howz = How isHTH = Hope This (That) HelpsHUA = Heads Up AceHUYA = Head Up Your AI：IAC = In Any CaseIAE = In Any EventIANAC = I Am Not A CrookIANAL = I Am Not A LawyerIBT = In Between TechnologyIBTD = I Beg To DifferIC = I See/In CharacterIDGAF = I Don’t Give A FIDGI = I Don’t Get ItIDK = I Don’t KnowIDKY = I Don’t Know YouIDST = I Didn’t Say ThatIDTS = I Don’t Think SoIFAB = I Found A BugIFU = I Fed UpIGGP = I Gotta Go PeeIIIO = Intel Inside, Idiot OutsideIIMAD = If It Makes An(y) DifferenceIIRC = If I Remember CorrectlyIIWM = If It Were MeILICISCOMK = I Laughed, I Cried, I Spat/Spilt Coffee/Crumbs/Coke On My KeyboardILY = I Love YouIMHO = In My Humble OpinionIMNSHO = In My Not So Humble OpinionIMO = In My OpinionINMP = It’s Not My Problem INPO = In No Particular OrderIOH = I’m Outta HereIOW = In Other WordsIRL = In Real LifeISS = I Said SoITM = In The MoneyIYKWIM = If You Know What I Mean IYSS = If You Say SoJ：J/C = Just CheckingJ/K = Just Kidding!J/W = Just WonderingJAFO = Just Another Fing OnlookerK：K/KK = OK/OK, OKKFY = Kiss For YouKISS = Keep It Simple StupidKIT = Keep In TouchKMA = Kiss My AssKWIM = Know What I MeanKX = kissKYPO = Keep Your Pants OnL：L8R = LaterLD = Long DistanceLDTTWA = Let’s Do The Time Warp Again LLTA = Lots And Lots Of Thunderous Applause LMAO = Laughing My Ass OffLMK = Let Me KnowLOL = Laughing Out Loud/Lots Of Luck(Love) LTIC = Laughing ’Til I CryLTNS = Long Time No SeeLYL = Love Ya LotsLYLAS = Love You Like A SisterM：M8T = MateMHOTY = My Hat’s Off To YouMM = Market MakerMorF = Male or Female?MOTD = Message Of The DayMOTSS = Members Of The Same Sex MTFBWY = May The Force Be With You MWBRL = More Will Be Revealed LaterMYOB = Mind Your Own BusinessN：N = And/Know/NowNAK = Nursing At KeyboardNAZ = Name, Address, Zip (also means Nasdaq) NBD = No Big DealNBIF = No Basis In FactNFI = No Fing IdeaNFW = No Fing WayNIFOC = Nude In Front Of The ComputerNM = Never MindNMP = Not My ProblemNMU = Nothing Much YouNOYB = None Of Your BusinessNP = No ProblemNQOCD = Not Quite Our Class DearNRG = EnergyNRN = No Reply NecessaryNYCFS = New York City Finger SaluetO：OAUS = On An Unrelated SubjectOBTW = Oh, By The WayOIC = Oh, I SeeOICU = Oh, I See YouOMDB = Over My Dead BodyOMG = Oh My God/Oh My GoshOMIK = Open Mouth, Insert KeyboardONNA = Oh No, Not AgainOOC = Out Of CharacterOOTB = Out Of The Box/Out Of The BlueOT = Off TopicOTOH = On The Other HandOWTTE = Or Words To That EffectOZ = stands for "Australia"P：PEBCAK = Problem Exists Between Chair And KeyboardPEM = Privacy Enhanced MailPic = PicturePIMP = Peeing In My PantsPITA = Pain In The AssPLS/PLZ = PleasePMFJI = Pardon Me For Jumping InPO = Piss Off /product order/purchase orderPOS = Parents Over ShoulderPOV = Point Of ViewPPL = PeoplePro = ProfessionalPS = By The Way/PhotoshopS:SS:spring/summerT：TAH = Take A HikeTANSTAAFL = There Ain’t No Such Thing As A Free LunchTARFU = Things Are Really Fed UpTDTM = Talk Dirty To MeTEOTWAWKI = The End Of The World As We Know It TFN = Thanks For Nothin’THX/TX/THKS = ThanksTIA = Thanks In AdvanceTIAIL = Think I Am In LoveTIC = Tongue In CheekTKS/TKX=ThanksTLA = Three Letter AcronymTLGO = The List Goes OnTM = Trust MeTMI = Too Much InformationTMTOWTDI = There’s More Than One Way To Do It TPTB = The Powers That BeTSR = Totally Stuck in RAMTTFN = Ta Ta For NowTTT = That’s The Ticket/To The TopTTUL/TTYL = Talk To You LaterTWHAB = This Won’t Hurt A BitTY = Thank YouTYVM = Thank You Very MuchU：U = YouUR = YourU R = You areunPC = unPolitically Correct URYY4M = You Are Too Wise For MeV：VFM = Values For MoneyVG = Very GoodW：WAG = Wild Ass GuessWAI = What An IdiotWB = Welcome BackWCA = Who Cares AnywayWDYS = What Did You Say? WDYT = What Do You Think?WE = WhateverWEG = Wicked Evil GrinWG = Wicked GrinWGAFF = Who Gives A Flying FWIIFM = What’s In It For Me?WIT = Wordsmith In TrainingWITFITS = What in the F is this ShWOG = Wise Old GuyWot/Wut = WhatWRT = With Respect To/With Regard To WTF = What The FWTG = Way To Go!WTSDS = Where The Sun Don’t Shine WYMM = Will You Marry MeWYP = What’s Your Problem?WYRN = What’s Your Real Name?WYS = Whatever You SayWYSIWYG = What You See Is What You Get WYT = Whatever You ThinkX：X U = Kiss YouY：Y = WhyYa = YouYA = Yet AnotherYAFIYGI = You Asked For It You Got It YDKM = You Don’t Know MeYep/Yup = YesYGBK = You Gotta Be Kiddin’YMMV = Your Mileage May VaryYNK = You Never KnowYOYO = You’re On Your OwnYR = Yeah, RightYSYD = Yeah, Sure You DoYTTT = You Telling The Truth? YYSSW = Yeah Yeah Sure Sure Whatever缩略语含义说明BTW 或btw 顺便说一句by the way 的首字母缩略词。

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９４％ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅａｄｄｉｎｇａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｓｔｅａｒｉｃｉｍｉｄａｚｏｌｉｎｅｗａｓ０．２％．Ｔｈｅｃｏｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎｅｉｃｆｉｅｎｃｙｏｆｂｒａｓｓｉｎ１０％ＨＣ１ｗａｓ８５％ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅａｄｄｉｎｇａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｓｔｅａｒｉｅｉｍｉｄａｚｏｌｉｎｅｗａｓ０．４％．Ｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｎ —
ｂｏｎｓｔｅｅｌ，ｓｔａｉｎｌｅｓｓｓｔｅｅｌ，ｂｒａｓｓ，ｃｏｐｐｅｒ）ｉｎ１０％ＨＣＩｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｗｅｒｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｂｙｓｔａｔｉｃｗｅｉｇｈｔｌｏｓｓｍｅｔｈ－
蚀行为。结果表明，针对２０碳钢材质，只需加入０．３％的硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂，其在１０％盐酸中的缓蚀率就达到９３％；针对不锈钢材质，硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂０．２％的加入量即可使其在１０％盐酸中的缓蚀率达到９４％；针对黄铜材质，添加０．４％的硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂可以使其在１０％盐酸中的缓蚀率达到８５％；同样地，在１０％盐酸溶液中，添加０．４％的硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂可以使紫铜材质的缓蚀率达到８７％。硬脂酸咪唑啉类缓蚀剂在１０％盐酸中对
ＷＡＮＧＹｏｎｇ— ｌｅｉ，ＬＩＨａｉ．ｙｕｎ，ＦＡＮＧＨｏｎｇ — ｘｉａ一，
—
ｌｕ．ＰＥＮＧＺｈｉ — ｘｉａｎｇ
（１．ＳｃｈｏｏｌｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ＆ＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＥｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇ，ＨｕａｎｇｓｈａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ，Ｈｕａｎｇｓｈａｎ２４５４１０，Ｃｈｉｎａ；２．ＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙＬａｂｏｒａｔｏｙ，ｒＨｕａｎｇｓｈａｎＵｎｉｖｅｓｒｉｔｙ，Ｈｕａｎｇｓｈａｎ２４５４１０，Ｃｈｉｎａ）
Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ：Ｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｅａｒｉｃｉｍｉｄａｚｏｌｉｎｅｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎｍｅｔａｌｓ（２０ｃａｌ＇－
第４４卷第４期
２０１５年４月
应
用
化
工
ＶｏｌＪ４４Ｎｏ．４
Ａｐｒ．２０１５
ＡｐｐｌｉｅｄＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＩｎｄｕｓｔｒｙ
硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂对常见金属在１０％盐酸中的缓蚀性能
Ｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｅｓｔｅａｒｉｃｉｍｉｄａｚｏｌｉｎｅ
ｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｏｎｔｈｅｃｏｍｍｏｎｍｅｔａｌｓｉｎ１０％ＨＣｌｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎ
王永垒，李海云，方红霞，陆露露，彭志翔
（１．黄山学院化学化工学院，安徽黄山２４５０４１；２．黄山学院应用化学研究所，安徽黄山２４５４１０）
摘
要：使用静态失重法研究了硬脂酸咪唑啉缓蚀剂在１０％盐酸中对常见金属（２０碳钢、不锈钢、黄铜、紫铜）的缓
２０碳钢、不锈钢、黄铜、紫铜均有优良的缓蚀性能。关键词：硬脂酸咪唑啉；缓蚀剂；常见金属；失重法
中图分类号：ＴＱ０８５文献标识码：Ａ文章编号：１６７１ —３２０６（２０１５）０４— ０６６７— ０３
ｏｄ．Ｔｈｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎｅｉｃｆｉｅｎｃｙｏｆ２０ｃａｒｂｏｎｓｔｅｅｌｉｎ１０％ＨＣ１ｗａｓ９３％ｗｈｅｎｔｈｅａｄｄｉｎｇａｍｏｕｎｔｏｆｓｔｅａｒｉｃｉｍｉｄａｚｏｌｉｎｅｗａｓ０．３％．Ｔｈｅｃｏｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｉｏｎｅｉｃｆｉｅｎｃｙｏｆｓｔａｉｎｌｅｓｓｓｔｅｅｌｉｎ１０％ＨＣ１ｗａｓ