-新人教原创高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧
新人教[原创]高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧.PPT教学课件
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对比法：转折连词“but”、让步状语从句、条件从句和 “unlike”、 “in spite of ” 、 “on the contrary” 、 “ on the other hand ” 、“ however”等介词、副词能构成前后意义 上的对比关系。而as 、 like 、 just as also等词则可以帮助构 成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。
Can you guess the meanings of the following words?
1. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to
2. do something, he won’t give it up halfway.
3. A. strongB. fBir.mfirm C. kind D. clever
stands for?
By saying 〝…〞we mean _____.
〝…〞, as used in the passage, can be
defined as _____.
2020/12/10
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
5
词义猜测题常用解题方法：
定义法 对比法 因果法 常识联想法
例举法 语境线索法 标点格式暗示法 构词法
3. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
4. A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life.
定义法：一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等 来确定词义。有时通过or, that is, that is to say, namely, in other words等来释义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专 有名词、生僻词或文中较重要的词。
(完整版)高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。
英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。
所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。
I.根据上下文语境进行猜测任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。
如：例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people's imagination.例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in otherwords等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示，这时可利用这种关系或解释对前面或后面的词义进行猜测。
英语阅读中的猜词技巧
英语阅读中的猜词技巧英语阅读中的猜词技巧在英语阅读中，我们自然会遇到许多生词。
下面是店铺分享的英语阅读中的猜词技巧，欢迎大家阅读！一、针对性解释针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。
这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。
1.根据定义猜测词义如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。
例如：Anthropology is the scientific study of man.由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term “jam” constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation.同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。
定义句的谓语动词多为：be，mean，deal with，be considered，to be，refer to，be called，be known as，define，represent，signify，constitute等。
2.根据复述猜测词义虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。
复述部分可以是适当词、短语或是从句。
同位语，例如：Semantics，the study of the meaning of words，is necessary if you are to speak and read intelligently.此例逗号中短语意为“对词意义进行研究的学科”。
该短语与前面生词semantics是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semantics指“语义学”。
在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
高三英语高考阅读理解猜词技巧
做“阅读理解”题的猜词技巧平时,同学们在做“阅读理解”题时,经常会遇到一些生词｡这时,许多同学会立即翻阅词典,查找生词的词义｡其实这种做法不但费时费力,而且会影响阅读速度,也不利于对文章的整体理解,何况在正式考试时也不准带词典｡事实上,阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子､甚至段落有着互相制约的关系｡因此,我们首先可以利用语境(各种已知信息)来推测､判断某些生词的词义;还可以利用构词法的知识､日常生活知识来猜测词义｡一､根据释义猜测词义在有些文章中,某些生词的词义往往会在下文中得到解释或说明｡这些解释有时以定义､定语从句､同位语的形式出现;有时用破折号､括号､冒号､引号等符号引出或圈定的内容表示出来;有时还用that is, or, that is to say, in other words 等词语引出｡例如:1. Anthropology is the scientific study of man. 由句意可知, anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”｡2. A bookmark is something put between the pages of a book to mark the place. 假定bookmark是生词,根据下文所提供的解释,可猜出它的词义是“书签”｡3. He takes a special interest in botany which concerns the study of plants. 根据定语从句中的“which concerns the study of plants”, 我们可以知道botany应该是“植物学”之意｡4. The new edifice, a twenty-four-storey building, was completed last month. 其中edifice可能是生词,但它的同位语a twenty-four-storey building 告诉我们, edifice的词义是“建筑物”｡5. Capacitance, or the ability to store electric charge, is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits. 根据同位语我们很容易猜出生词capacitance的词义是“电容量”｡6. The doctor was on the night-shift——from midnight to 8 o'clock. 句中night-shift的意思可以从破折号后面的内容猜出,它的词义应该是“夜班”｡7. They are vertebrates, that is, animals that have backbones. 这里vertebrates的意思可以由that is后面的内容猜测出来,意为“脊椎动物”｡二､通过下文所举的例子猜测词义在有些文章中,下文所举的例子也可以给读者提供猜测上文生词词义的重要线索｡例如:Generally, we like to read periodicals, such as Time Magazine, Newsweek, Reader's Digest, etc. 根据句子后面所给出的例子,我们可以推断出periodical 的意思是“期刊”｡三､根据词语之间的对等关系猜测词义The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness. 这个句子中的and连接created a feeling of lassitude和encouraged laziness两个并列成分｡ Created与encouraged相对应,而lassitude与laziness 相对应,由此我们可以猜测出lassitude大概是“困乏”､“无力”､“无精打采”等意思｡四､根据对比､转折关系猜测词义If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”. 此句前后对比分明,前句表示肯定,后句表示否定,由此我们可以推断出dissent与agree的意思相反,意为“不同意”､“不赞成”｡又如:Mr Green always is punctual for everything, but for some reason he was late for an important meeting last week. 我们可以根据表示转折关系的but 后面的内容“he was late”知道, punctual的意思与其相反,那么punctual就是“守时的”､“准时的”的意思｡因此,同学们在阅读时,要注意常见的表示转折意义的词语,如but, however, though, otherwise, neverthess, on the other hand等｡五､根据因果关系猜测词义Mary didn't notice me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in his reading. 主句的意思是“当我走进教室的时候,玛丽没有注意到我”｡据此,我们可以推断从句中的engross可能是“使全神贯注”､“吸引”的意思｡又如:There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd. 此句中that引导的是结果状语从句,根据主句的描述“许多示威者”,我们便可推知elbow的词义为“挤”､“挤过”｡其它常见的表示因果关系的词有because, since, as, so, so ... That ..., such ... That ... 等｡六､根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落中,我们可以利用已知的词语,推断出生词的词义｡例如:Although he often had the opportunity, Mr Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer. This would have endangered his position at the bank, and he did not want to be detrimental to your health. They also regard drinking as harmful. 句中detrimental是个生词,但由harmful我们不难推断出其词义为“使危险的”､“有害的”｡七､根据词缀猜测词义As you are receiving my note by E-mail, it's wise to remember how easily this wonderful technology can be misused, sometimes unintentionally, with serious consequences. 此句中, misuse是在词根use前面加上前缀mis-而构成的, mis-表示“误”､“错”的意思,从而可以判断misuse意为“错用”､“误用”; unintentionally是由intention→intentional→intentionally→unintionally逐步派生而成的,从而不难推测出它的意思为“不是有意地”｡根据词缀猜测词义又可以分为以下两种情况:1. 根据前缀猜测词义以unforeseeable一词为例,其中的词根为see, 前缀fore-的含义是“早先”､“预先”的意思,前缀un-是“不”的意思,由此可以猜知,该词的词义为“未能预见的”｡2. 根据后缀猜测词义Insecticide is applied where it is needed. 后缀-cide表示“杀……者”､“杀灭剂”的意思,结合大家所熟悉的词根insect(昆虫),不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”｡又如:Then the vapor may change into droplets. 后缀-let表示“小的”意思,词根drop指“滴”､“滴状物”｡在词根drop后面加上后缀-let之后, droplet意为“小滴”､“微滴”｡八､根据复合词的各个组成部分的意思猜测词义有一部分复合词的词义可以通过它们的构成成分的意思来猜测出该复合词的意思｡例如:Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output. 该句中的hightlight可能是一个生词,但是分析该词的构成成分后,就能推测出其含义｡它是由表示“高的”､“强的”high和“光线”light两部分组成的,复合词hightlight表示“以强光照射”､“使突出”的意思｡ Bullfight is very popular in Spain. Bull意为“公牛”, fight意为“打”､“搏斗”,两者结合在一起,指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动——斗牛｡九､根据日常常识来猜测词义People who refuse to comply with the law will be punished. 受到惩罚的常常是不遵守法律的人｡由此,我们可以推断出comply的意思是“遵从”､“服从”｡。
(完整版)高中英语阅读理解中猜词题的解题技巧
高中英语阅读理解猜词题的解题技巧摘要：本文针对高中阅读理解中的猜词题介绍了几种做题方法，并列举了一些实例进行了分析。
关键词：猜词题猜词义做题方法在英语学习中，我们会遇到许多生词。
这时，也不必立即翻阅字典。
我们可以利用语境，根据前后词、句子、以及相关信息推测、判断生词的词义。
高中英语阅读理解题中，我们经常碰到猜测词义的题型。
在做这类题时，我们可以利用以下一些方法：一根据解释猜词义在文章中，作者为了更好的表达思想，对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等要进行进一步的更明确的解释。
这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，我们可以利用它们比较容易地猜出词义。
1、根据定义猜测词义如果句子或段落是生词的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是词语的含义。
例如：The rooster is the national emblem of France thanks to a wordplay: the Latin word meaning coq ,or rooster. rooster 其实是对coq解释，因此两者的意思都为cock。
2、根据同位语、定语猜测词义虽然同位语、定语不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使阅读者猜出生词词义。
例如，同位语in fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today.此例中，我们不难看出an endangered wild cat是ocelot 的同位语，也不难看出ocelot的意思。
在构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号、引号和括号等。
又如Towards the evening, there comes the grand finale of the opening day ,an extremely exciting horserace.从an exciting horserace ,towards the evening ,of the opening day 等判断，应该是首日的最后一场的压台戏出场了。
英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧教学内容
英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧英语阅读理解中的猜词技巧在二语习得过程中，阅读理解的最主要障碍是词汇。
从某种意义上讲，能否巧妙处理阅读理解中遇到的生词或熟词新义问题，是快捷突破英语阅读理解瓶颈的关键。
由于我们不可能对所有的英语词汇都有所了解和掌握，所以应用猜词技巧，判断出困扰文章阅读理解词汇的正确含义就显得意义非凡。
一、根据构词法猜测词义在英语词汇中，有相当一部分单词是通过派生、转化、合成构成的，乍看起来，这个词好像是个生词，但是依据三种构词法就能很快判断出这一生词的词义和词性。
例如：Because of the many violent storms, the Triangle is often impassable, 中的impassabel是由前缀im-(not的意思）和passable(可通过的）两部分组成，所以，impassable的意思就是“不能通行的”。
二、根据与上下文之间的关系猜测词义生词不是孤立的，封闭的，它出现于期中的句子、段落，都会提供很多的暗示和线索。
根据生词与上下文之间的关系可推测出生词的含义。
例如：Drinking some icy water from the river in front of the bear trap and splashing a lot of water over my head brought me fully to my senses. 并列的两个动名词短语所提供的相关信息（喝冰冷的河水，再往头上洒大量的水）足以说明brought me fully to my senses 的意思，即“使我完全清醒了”。
三、根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义在句子或段落中，可以利用提示语来判断生词的含义。
比如说，如果句子中出现that is, namely, or 等单词或短语，那么这些短语的上下文之间通常是同义词的关系。
另外，有时候逗号、括号、破折后等标点符号常被用来表示两个相邻的词（组）为同义词（组）或近义词（组），这些标点符号也为我们理解生词提供了线索。
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧
英语高考猜词策略猜测词义在英语高考中起到至关重要的作用，以下几种策略在英语学习中经常应用，才能潜移默化地让学生们掌握更多的词汇。
一.定义法1. It will be very hard but also very brittle------that is , it will break easily.2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.3. A calendar is a list of the days, weeks, months of a particular year.定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is，or，that is (to say), in other words，be called，be known as, be defined as等词汇或破折号来表示二.根据构词法：合成、派生（前缀、后缀）、转化等1 With their shining brown eyes, wagging tails, and unconditional love, dogs can provide the nonjudgmental listeners needed for a beginning reader to gain confidence2. …Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifters, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them. …A.商店里的小偷B.商店里的推销员C.商店里的老客户D.商店里的搬运工三.根据同义词，反义词关系1. The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.2. If you agree, write “Yes”; if you dissent, write “No”.3. In many nations there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth．小结:and ,or ,such as, like，for example, for instance常连接同义词组。
高三专题高考英语阅读理解猜词题解答技巧
教案【答案与解析】1.C under-estimate是一个派生词，根据构词法知识，under-estimate是在动词estimate前加上前缀under-(在……以下，低于……)，因而under-estimate应该表示“低估”。
2.B workout是一个复合名词，它是由短语动词work out转换来的名词，短语动词work out用作及物动词性质，含有“解决, 设计出,计算出”，用作不及物性质，表示“锻炼，消耗完”，而名词workout也应该具有这些含义，根据单词所在句意分析可知这里表示“锻炼”，类似构成形式还有如break through→breakthrough(突破),break out→breakout(爆发),take off→takeoff(起飞), come in→income(收入),put out→output(输出，产出),stand out→outstanding(出类拔萃的，杰出的)等。
3.A vertebrates的含义，就可以根据后面which means these animals have a bony skeleton to surpport their bodies句子来分析理解其含义为“脊椎动物”因此答案选A项。
4.D spontaneous的含义可以根据该单词后面rather than planned in advance分析spontaneous与planned in advance相反，表示“没被计划过的，没有预先计划安排的” 因此答案选D项。
5.C pseudonym的含义可以通常对美国作家O. Henry所了解的文学常识来猜测，我们知道O Henry 是William Sydney Porter发表作品时所用的笔名，因此这里的生词pseudonym应该表示“笔名”。
6.A netgain 含义可以通过上下文内容中所提供的线索和暗示来判断，前面提到的lost one million jobs and gained three million jobs以及the state had a net gain of two million jobs句意分析可知其含义为“净增加”。
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词义猜测题常用提问方式有：
The word 〝…〞refers to/ probably means/could best be replaced by____. The word 〝…〞is most likely to mean____. What do you think the expression 〝…〞 stands for? By saying 〝…〞we mean _____. 〝…〞, as used in the passage, can be defined as _____.
定义法：一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等 来确定词义。有时通过or, that is, that is to say, namely, in other words等来释义。需要解释的单词和短语大多是专 让步状语从句、条件从句和 “unlike”、 “in spite of ” 、 “on the contrary” 、 “ on the other hand ” 、“ however”等介词、副词能构成前后意义 上的对比关系。而as 、 like 、 just as also等词则可以帮助构 成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。
1. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. 2. Some actions are learned, but other actions are innate. 3. Some readers try to understand the general idea while others look for specific details. 4. Anthropologist thought the Indians’ culture would be very primitive; however, they found many modern elements in the Indian’s lives.
Can you guess the meanings of the following words?
1. He is a resolute man. Once he made up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever 2. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest 3. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all call her an eccentric lady. B.古怪的 A. 爱猫的 B.古怪的 C.闲不住的 D.动物保护主义者 4. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 赤贫 D.虚弱 5. Mrs. Smith is loquacious while her husband is the silent type. A. 活泼的 B.好动的 C.多嘴多舌的 D. 可爱的
因果关系是一种逻辑关系，不管生词 出现在原因分句还是结果分句， 我 们都能从因果关系中推出其含义。
.从因果关系上推测
(04广东C篇)
When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.
技巧。
猜测词义题的命题特点
1.考查内容以名词、名词短语和动词、动词 短语为主，兼顾代词的考查；题量由2—4 道题不等；既考查生词也考熟词新义。 2.所考查的单词或短语在文中用下划线标明， 或以斜体字的形式出现。 3.有从猜词义过渡到猜句义的趋势。这在 2005、2006年新增加的单独命题省份的试 卷中表现得尤为突出。
阅读题文段题材丰富。涉及社会、科普、政治、文化、经济、 历史、生活、风俗等多方面知识。解阅读题时，也要根据英语 国家社会文化背景等，作出正确的判断。
猜测句子含义题的解题方法：
猜测句子含义题涉及选材背景、句型结构、 文章主旨、作者观点态度等方面。联系主旨，整 合上下文信息是解这类题的关键。 首先，要确认所要求猜测句义的句子在文中 的位置； 其次，审读题干，确认猜测点。 第三，整合上下文信息，确认猜测点与语境 之间的关系。 第四，猜测句子的大致意思。 最后，比较选择项，确定答案。
在特定的情况下， 作者通过一连串同一类型或同一范畴的词 语来表达其思想， 如果有一生词在一系列的同范畴的词语中， 可以通过这些词的特征和语义范围来推断出生词的词义范围。
语境线索法：根据综合语境，通过一定的语言逻辑关系，加以推 理判断，从而理解生词词义。
11. “My friend, …I…I….”But something choked him, he could not finish the sentence. 2. Brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles northwest of Rio de Jaciro, designed by the great architect Lucio Costa. 13. It was a blue Monday and he just didn’t like going back to work. 24. Last Monday was a white day when he joined the League.
1. One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. 2. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 3. The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
例举法：通过一些例子说明生词的词义， 用such as, for example, like, for instance等来引出。 1. Boys and girls may learn about such virtues as selflessness, courage, discipline and love of one’s country. 2. There are many sources of air pollution; exhaust fumes, for example. 3. But for the captain’s courage, perseverance, and powerful will, people on board would have died. 4. Each person has a cup and saucer, a spoon and a plate for bread-and-butter breakfast.
2006年英语科考试大纲
要求考生读懂(熟悉的有关日常生活话题的 简短文字材料,例如) 公告、说明、广告以及 书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。 考生应能：
理解主旨要义； 理解文中具体信息； 根据上下文推断生词的词义； 作出简单判断和推理； 理解文中的基本结构； 理解作者的意图和态度。
根据上下文推测生词的词义是高考阅读理 解部分主要考查的内容之一。正确理解、 掌握所读材料中单词或短语的含义是理解 文意的首要环节，但单词或短语的含义并 不是固定的，同一单词（短语）往往会随 语境的不同而改变其意义。所以除了要有 扎实的语言基本功，较高的分析、综合能 力外，还必须具备科学的解题方法和解题
词义猜测题常用解题方法：
定义法 对比法 因果法 常识联想法
例举法 语境线索法 标点格式暗示法 构词法
1. Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle--that is, it will break easily. 3. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 4. A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life.