托福词汇题汇总(附答案)(部分)

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小托福考试高频词汇及例题解析

小托福考试高频词汇及例题解析

小托福考试高频词汇及例题解析本文为考生介绍的是小托福考试高频词汇,包含了室内家具类、旅行咨询类及餐点消费类三个内容,文章底部是关于词汇的例题与解析,小托福考试高频词汇是重点内容哦~室内家具类词汇:(un)furnished (不)配备家具的furniture 家具fitting 装置,家具suite (一套)家具furnish 布置fit up 装备decorate 装饰,布置ornament 装饰,美化armchair 配齐,装备bookcase 书架cupboard 碗橱bureau 写字台bench 长椅settle 长椅stool 凳子deckchair 折叠帆布长椅high chair 高脚椅couch 长沙发settee 中小型沙发旅行咨询类词汇:travel agency 旅行社coach 经济仓make a reservation 预定book the ticket 预定票confirm a reservation 确定定位cancel one’s reservation 取消定位first come, first reservation 先到先服务原则timetable 时刻表fare 票价saver ticket 优惠票toll 通行费airport tax 机场税open ticket 开放机票duty-free shop 免税店one-way ticket 单程票round-trip ticket 往返票vacant seat 空座excess change 超重direct/ non-stop flight 直达航班connecting-flight 转机餐点消费类词汇:dinner 正餐salad 沙拉desert 甜点tea or coffee 茶或咖啡yogurt 酸奶wafer 威化饼vinegar 醋spice 香料pepper 辣椒粉,胡椒的curry 咖喱condiment (辛辣)调味料icing 糖衣toast 烤面包syrup 糖汁sweet 甜食confectionery 甜食例题讲解【1】It is now known that the vast majority of the Moon's craters were formed by the impact of solid bodies with the lunar surface.【现在已经知道,绝大多数月球的陨石坑是由月球表面的固体影响而形成的。

托福单词的测试模拟题与答案

托福单词的测试模拟题与答案

托福单词的测试模拟题与答案托福单词的测试模拟题与答案1. INCHOATE:(A)explicit(B)dependable(C)pragmatic(D)therapeutic(E)enduring2. INCIPIENT:(A)exuberant(B)full-bodied(C)explicit(D)plentiful(E)full-blown3. NASCENT:(A)widely displaced(B)completely clear(C)totally natural(D)strongly contrary(E)fully established4. REPORTORIAL:(A)unlikely(B)imaginative(C)indecisive(D)characteristic(E)challenging5. IMPUGN:(A)revoke(B)discharge(D)console(E)restore6. RAVE:(A)flak(B)flop(C)cant(D)pan(E)snub7. BANAL:(A)faithful(B)arresting(C)inclined(D)forced(E)elaborate8. BANALITY:(A)accurate portrayal (B)impromptu statement (C)original expression (D)succinct interpretation (E)elaborate critique9. ORIENT:(A)hasten(B)defile(C)menace(D)confuse(E)decline10. CONSTRAIN:(A)release(B)sever(D)unload(E)agree11. RUFFLE:SHIRT::(A)rafter:roof(B)molding:cabinet (C)gate:path(D)curb:sidewalk(E)shade:window12. EMIGRATE:EXILE::(A)select:organize(B)appoint:nominate (C)capture:imprison (D)enlist:conscript(E)contribute:deduct 13. BARRAGE:EXPLOSIVES::(A)cacophony:sounds (B)deluge:rain(C)vista:sights(D)grenade:bombs(E)volcano:lava14. WARY:GULLED::(A)passionate:moved (B)taciturn:goaded(C)loquacious:befriended (D)vigilant:ambushed (E)shrill:satisfied15. ARTERY:PLAQUE::(A)river:levee(B)track:switch(C)channel:silt(D)information:flow(E)tunnel:wall16. SEDATIVE:DROWSINESS::(A)epidemic:contagiousness (B)vaccine:virus(C)laxative:drug(D)anesthetic:numbness (E)therapy:psychosis17. CURIOSITY:KNOW::(A)temptation:conquer (B)starvation:eat(C)wanderlust:travel(D)humor:laugh(E)survival:live18. WORSHIP:SACRIFICE::(A)generation:pyre(B)burial:mortuary(C)weapon:centurion (D)massacre:invasion (E)prediction:augury19. CONTIGUOUS:ABUT::(A)possible:occur(B)simultaneous:coincide (C)comprehensive:except (D)synthetic:create(E)constant:stabilize20. SUITCASE:LUGGAGE::(A)gift:package(B)necklace:garment(C)room:house(D)hat:millinery(E)faucet:sink21. ENFRANCHISE:VOTE::(A)advertise:sell(B)fumigate:kill(C)filter:purify(D)illuminate:see(E)ignite:burn22. LOG:SHIP::(A)archive:data(B)inventory:store(C)roster:team(D)bulletin:event(E)diary:person23. APOLOGIZE:CONTRITE::(A)aggravate:contemptuous (B)endorse:esteemed(C)extenuate:guilty(D)compliment:impressed (E)rationalize:modest24. SENSITIZATION:ALLERGIC::(A)immunity:vulnerable (B)habituation:inured(C)invigoration:stimulating (D)sleep:anesthetic(E)disinfection:preventive 25. MEETING:MINUTES::(A)concert:orchestration (B)filter:camera(C)sale:deed(D)earthquake:vibration (E)television:signal26. MINUTIAE: DETAILS::(A) data:hypotheses(B) research:findings(C) approximations:calculations (D) queries:answers(E) quibbles:objections27. CREDITS:MOVIE::(A)byline:article(B)copyright:song(C)rehearsal:dance(D)dedication:book(E)title:work28. STRATAGEM:DECEIVE::(A)epithet:correspond(B)oration:publish(C)conservation:expend (D)concession:placate(E)sentence:prosecute29. FLAG:COUNTRY::(A)dialect:region(B)handshake:greeting(C)trademark:company(D)patent:product(E)souvenir:vacation30. STENCIL:LETTERING::(A)skillet:heating(B)pattern:sewing(C)plow:farming(D)music:singing(E)hammer:building答案:1-5:AEEBC,6-10:DBCDA,11-15:BDBDC,16-20:DCEBD,21-25:DEDBC, 26-30:EADCB。

TPO-40托福听力题目文本——对话部分(Conversation)【附答案】

TPO-40托福听力题目文本——对话部分(Conversation)【附答案】

TPO-40托福听力题目文本——对话部分(Conversation)【附答案】托福TPO,英文名为TOEFL Practice Online,中文直译为托福线上练习,TPO都是历年托福真题,对托福备考是非常有帮助的,今天为大家分享的是TPO-40托福听力题目文本——对话部分(Conversation)【附答案】。

TPO-40托福听力题目文本——对话部分(Conversation)【附答案】QUESTIONS1. Why does the student go to see the professor?a. To find out all the requirements for a projectb. To discuss a service gap at a restaurantc. To get help understanding concepts relevant to his projectd. To get help with designing a business plan2. Why does the professor mention a student in another class?a. To describe an interesting topic for a projectb. To explain the cause of her initial confusionc. To point out that she has not received e-mails from all her students yetd. To indicate that she has several students doing projects about restaurans托福听力主旨题的答题技巧新托福听力考试总共有六大技巧的测试与考核。

与这六大技巧相对,ETS有六大题型的测试,分别是:主旨题、细节题、句子功能题、态度题、结构题和推论题。

托福阅读词汇题汇总表

托福阅读词汇题汇总表

英语托福阅读的词汇题汇总表abridge/ə'bridʒ/缩短;删节agility/ə'dʒiliti/敏捷;机敏arduous/'ɑ:djuəs/险峻的;困难的absolve/əb'zɔlv/赦免;解除(责任等)absorb/əb'sɔ:b/吸收;并吞abstain/əb'stein/戒绝;戒除;离开abstract/'æbstrækt/摘要;提炼accelerate/æk'seləreit/加速进行;迫使accommodate/ə'kɔmədeit/供应;容纳accompany/ə'kʌmpəni/伴随;同时发生;陪伴;陪同;和accost/ə'kɔst/向人搭话accredit/ə'kredit/授权;信任;委派;归因于accumulate/ə'kju:mjuleit/积聚accuse/ə'kju:z/控告;归咎acquit/ə'kwit/宣告无罪adhere/əd'hiə/粘着;坚持adjust/ə'dʒʌst/调节;使适于administer/əd'ministə/管理agonize/'æɡənaiz/使受苦;使苦闷alienate/'eiljəneit/使疏远;转让(房地产)alight/ə'lait/降下;落在allocate/'æləukeit/分配;定位置allot/ə'lɔt/分配;指派allure/ə'ljuə/引诱alternate/ɔ:l'tə:nit/轮流(常与with连用)ambush/'æmbuʃ/埋伏annex/ə'neks/附加annihilate/ə'naiəleit/消减annotate/'ænəuteit/注解apologize/ə'pɔlədʒaiz/道歉apostatize/ə'pɔstətaɪz/背教;脱党appall/ə'pɔ:l/使惊骇arraign/ə'rein/控告array/ə'rei/排列asperse/əs'pə:s/诽谤aspire/əs'paiə/热望assemble/ə'sembl/聚集assimilate/ə'simileit/吸收assuage/ə'sweidʒ/缓和assure/ə'ʃuə/保证;确保;使确定;使确信;查明;弄清avouch/ə'vautʃ/确说;断言avow/ə'vau/公开,承认ablution/ə'blu:ʃən/沐浴abstinence/'æbstinəns/禁戒;节制abyss/ə'bis/深渊accomplice/ə'kɔmplis/从犯者acme/'ækmi/顶点acumen/ə'kju:mən/敏锐adage/'ædidʒ/格言;谚语adulteration/ə,dʌltə'reiʃən/掺杂adversity/əd'və:siti/不幸affinity/ə'finiti/密切关系alimentation/,ælimen'teiʃən/营养allusion/ə'l(j)u:ʒən/引述altruism/'æltruizəm/利他主义amenity/ə'mi:niti/适意amnesia/æm'ni:zjə/健忘症amnesty/'æmnesti/大赦analogy/ə'nælədʒi/相似animosity/,æni'mɔsiti/憎恶anomaly/ə'nɔməli/异常,变态antipathy/æn'tipəθi/反感antiquity/æn'tikwiti/古代apostasy/ə'pɔstəsi/叛教;变节ardor/'ɑ:də/热心arrogance/'ærəɡəns/傲慢assumption/ə'sʌmpʃən/担任;假设asteroid/'æstərɔid/小行星auspice/'ɔ:spis/前兆austerity/ɔs'teriti/严峻autopsy/'ɔ:təpsi/验尸avarice/'ævəris/贪婪awe/ɔ:/敬畏abhorrent/əb'hɔrənt/嫌恶的abject/'æbdʒekt/卑鄙的abortive/ə'bɔ:tiv/失败的absurd/əb'sə:d/荒谬的accidental/,æksi'dentl/偶然的acrid/'ækrid/辛辣的addle/'ædl/昏乱的;腐坏的adamant/'ædəmənt/坚定不移的adjacent/ə'dʒeisənt/邻接的adroit/ə'drɔit/机巧的adventitious/,ædven'tiʃəs/偶发的adverse/'ædvə:s/逆的;反对的aesthetic/i:s'θetik/美的afflicting/ə'fliktiŋ/痛苦的aglow/ə'ɡləu/发红的ambiguous/,æm'biɡjuəs/含糊的amenable/ə'mi:nəbl/有责任的amiable/'eimjəbl/友善的;和蔼的amicable/'æmikəbl/和平的;和睦的ample/'æmpl/充足的animated/'ænimeitid/有生气的;热烈的animating/'ænə'metiŋ/鼓舞生气的;启发的anomalous/ə'nɔmələs/反常的antique/æn'ti:k/古代的apathetic/,æpə'θetik/冷淡的appropriate/ə'prəupriit/适合的approximate/ə'prɔksimeit/近似的archaic/ɑ:'keiik/古的assiduous/ə'sidjuəs/勤勉的audacious/ɔ:'deiʃəs/大胆的avid/'ævid/贪婪的azure/'æʒə/蔚蓝的babble/'bæbl/唠叨;说话不清backbite/'bækbaɪt/背后诽谤badger/'bædʒə/困扰bask/bɑ:sk/取暖;曝日;沐浴于baste/beist/殴打;公开责骂bedeck/bi'dek/装饰beg/beɡ/恳求beget/bi'ɡet/引起;产生begrudge/bi'ɡrʌdʒ/羡慕;嫉妒beguile/bi'ɡail/欺骗;消遣belie/bi'lai/掩饰bereave/bi'ri:v/剥夺beset/bi'set/包围besiege/bi'si:dʒ/围bespeak/bi'spi:k/指出betoken/bi'təukən/表示bluff/blʌf/虚张声势brace/breis/支持;使固定brandish/'brændiʃ/挥brawl/brɔ:l/争吵brew/bru:/酿造;图谋bruise/bru:z/打伤butt/bʌt/撞人barricade/,bæri'keid/障碍物basin/'beisn/盆beverage/'bevərɪdʒ/饮料bigotry/'biɡətri/固执bravado/brə'vɑ:dəu/虚张的勇气brim/brim/(杯、碗的)边bully/'buli/土霸bald/bɔ:ld/秃头的;光秃的balmy/'bɑ:mi/芳香的belligerent/bi'lidʒərənt/好战的;交战的beneficial/beni'fiʃəl/有益的bleak/bli:k/寒冷的brittle/'britl/易碎的brisk/brisk/活泼的brutal/'bru:tl/野蛮的cackle/'kækl/咯咯笑convoy/'kɔnvɔi/护送chaste/tʃeist/贞洁的;纯正的capsize/kæp'saiz/倾覆captivate/'kæptiveit/迷惑caress/kə'res/抚爱castigate/'kæstiɡeit/谴责chafe/tʃeif/擦热;烦扰cherish/'tʃeriʃ/珍爱chide/tʃaid/叱责chirp/tʃə:p/吱喳鸣出;吱喳叫出choke/tʃəuk/使窒息chop/tʃɔp/砍chuckle/'tʃʌkl/咯咯而笑circumscribe/'sɜːkəmskraɪb/划界限;限制circumvent/,sə:kəm'vent/欺诈;以计胜过clamor/'klæmə/喧闹;大声叫嚷cleave/kli:v/粘着;忠守clinch/klintʃ/钉牢;揪住clip/klip/修剪;包围clog/klɔɡ/阻碍clutch/klʌtʃ/抓紧coddle/'kɔd(ə)l/娇养;溺爱cog/kɔg/欺骗cohere/kəu'hiə/附着;连贯coin/kɔin/铸币;创造collate/kɔ'leit/对照;校勘commingle/kɔ'miŋɡl/混合commiserate/kə'mizəreit/怜悯;同情comply/kəm'plai/顺从;应允comport/kəm'pɔ:t/相称comprise/kəm'praɪz/包括conceive/kən'si:v/想象concoct/kən'kɔkt/编造;虚构concur/kən'kə:/同意condone/kən'dəun/宽恕;赦免confederate/kən'fedərit/联合;同盟congregate/'kɔŋɡriɡeit/聚集conjure/'kʌndʒə/恳求consecrate/'kɔnsikreit/奉为神圣;供献consign/kən'sain/移交consort/'kɔnsɔ:t/结交conspire/kən'spaiə/阴谋;密谋construe/kən'stru:/解释;翻译contaminate/kən'tæmineit/污损contemn/kən'tem/蔑视contemplate/'kɔntempleit/凝视;沉思contradict/kɔntrə'dikt/反驳;抵触controvert/'kɔntrə,və:t,kɔntrə'və:t/驳击;辩论convene/kən'vi:n/集合convert/kən'və:t/改变;变更convoke/kən'vəuk/召集coop/ku:p/拘禁cower/'kauə/畏缩cram/kræm/填塞;仓促用功crash/kræʃ/撞碎craze/kreiz/使发狂crumple/'krʌmpl/压皱curtail/kə:'teil/减缩cabal/kə'bæl/阴谋caliber/'kælɪbə(r)/直径;才能canter/'kæntə/慢步小跑carcass/'kɑ:kəs/尸体;残骸carrion/'kæriən/腐臭的肉cascade/kæs'keid/小瀑布casualty/'kæʒjuəlti/意外cataclysm/'kætəklizəm/洪水catastrophe/kə'tæstrəfi/异常的灾祸censor/'sensə/检查员cession/'seʃən/割让chasm/'kæzəm/深坑;裂缝chore/tʃɔ:/零工;杂务chum/tʃʌm/室友cluster/'klʌstə/串;束clutter/'klʌtə/喧闹cognizance/'kɔɡnizəns/认识cohesion/kəu'hi:ʒən/附着(力)collusion/kə'l(j)u:ʒən/共谋colt/kəult/小雄驹comity/'kɔmiti/礼让compact/'kɔmpækt/契约compassion/kəm'pæʃən/怜悯condiment/'kɔndimənt/调味品congruity/kən'gru:ɪtɪ/一致connivance/kə'naɪvəns/默许conscience/'kɔnʃəns/良心consensus/kən'sensəs/一致continence/'kɔntɪnəns/自制conveyance/kən'veiəns/让与;运输cove/kəuv/小海湾creek/kri:k/小湾;小溪cuisine/kwɪˈziːn/烹调culmination/kʌlmɪ'neɪʃ(ə)n/顶点curiosity/,kjuəri'ɔsiti/好奇心callous/'kæləs/无情的,冷淡的,硬结的,起老茧的capacious/kə'peiʃəs/能容大量的capricious/kə'priʃəs/任性的captious/'kæpʃəs/好吹毛求疵的cardinal/'kɑ:dinəl/首要的;基本的carnal/'kɑ:nl/肉体的carping/'kɑ:pɪŋ/吹毛求疵的chilly/'tʃili/寒冷的clamorous/'klæmərəs/吵闹的clandestine/klæn'destin/秘密的cogent/'kəudʒənt/强有力的complimentary/,kɔmpli'ment(ə)ri/赞美的confounded/kən'faundid/惊慌失措的;困惑的congenial/kən'dʒi:njəl/意气相投的congenital/kɔn'dʒenitl/先天的conscientious/,kɔnʃi'enʃəs/正直的conspicuous/kən'spikjuəs/引人注目的conventional/kən'venʃənl/传统的;习俗的covetous/'kʌvitəs/贪心的cozy/'kəuzi/舒适的crass/kræs/愚蠢的crisp/krisp/脆的cross/krɔs/不高兴的crude/kru:d/未提炼的;生的cursory/'kə:səri/匆促的cynical/'sinikəl/冷嘲热讽的dally/'dæli/荒废(时日)dissect/di'sekt/解剖;详细研究dismal/'dizməl/阴暗的dangle/'dæŋɡl/悬摆dart/dɑ:t/投掷dawdle/'dɔ:dl/游荡dazzle/'dæzl/使目眩;使迷惑debauch/di'bɔ:tʃ/使误入歧途;败坏debilitate/di'biliteit/使衰弱decry/di'krai/非难;谴责dedicate/'dedikeit/奉献deface/di'feis/伤毁(外表或美观)defame/di'feim/诽谤;损毁名誉defile/di'fail/弄污deflect/di'flekt/使偏离deform/di:'fɔ:m/使变形defraud/di'frɔ:d/欺诈degenerate/di'dʒenəreit/退步;衰败degrade/di'ɡreid/使堕落;降级delude/di'lu:d/欺骗;迷惑demur/di'mə:/踌躇;抗议depict/di'pikt/描写;叙述deplore/di'plɔ:/悲痛;深悔depose/di'pəuz/革职;废(王位)deprecate/'deprikeit/抗议,不赞成,抨击,反对,藐视,轻视derange/di'reindʒ/使错乱deride/di'raid/嘲笑;愚弄designate/'deziɡneit/指定;指派despatch/dis'pætʃ/派遣despoil/dis'pɔil/夺取;抢劫destine/'destin/指定;命运注定detach/di'tætʃ/分开;分遣detain/di'tein/使延迟;拘留detest/di'test/憎恶dethrone/di'θrəun/废(君)devastate/'devəsteit/使荒废;破坏deviate/'di:vieit/偏离dignify/'diɡnifai/使尊荣;使显贵digress/dai'ɡres/离开本题dilate/dai'leit/使膨胀;使扩大dilute/daɪ'lu:t/稀释;冲淡diminish/di'miniʃ/减少;缩小disallow/ˌdɪsəˈlaʊ/不允;拒绝disarm/dɪsˈɑːm/缴械;解除武装disarrange/,disə'reindʒ/扰乱disband/dis'bænd/解散(军队)disclaim/dis'kleim/拒绝承认;否认discomfit/dis'kʌmfit/挫败;使混乱discompose/,diskəm'pəuz/使不安;弄乱disconcert/,diskən'sə:t/使惊惶;使不安disown/dis'əun/否认disparage/dis'pæridʒ/轻视;毁谤;贬抑distract/dis'trækt/分心;困恼disunite/disju'nait/使分离diverge/dai'və:dʒ/分歧;差异diversify/dai'və:sifai/使变化divulge/dai'vʌldʒ/宣布;泄露dodge/dɔdʒ/躲开;逃避责任doze/dəuz/小睡drizzle/'drizl/下细雨drub/drʌb/棒打decadence/'dekədəns/衰落declivity/di'kliviti/下倾的斜面default/di'fɔ:lt/不履行责任;缺乏defection/di'fekʃən/背叛deference/'defərəns/敬意deity/'di:iti/神delineation/dɪ,lɪnɪ'eɪʃən/描写demise/di'maiz/死亡;让位den/den/兽穴deposition/ˌdepəˈzɪʃn/证明;革职detraction/di'trækʃən/诽谤detriment/'detrimənt/损害dictum/'diktəm/格言diet/'daiət/饮食diffusion/di'fju:ʒən/流传;扩散dilemma/dɪˈlemə/左右为难;困境discretion/dis'kreʃən/斟酌;明辨dissension/di'senʃən/冲突;纷争dissonance/'dɪsənəns/不调和donor/'dəunə/给予者dunce/dʌns/愚蠢的人dungeon/'dʌndʒən/地牢dank/dæŋk/阴湿的dauntless/'dɔ:ntlɪs/勇敢的deceptive/di'septiv/虚伪的;骗人的deciduous/di'sidʒjuəs/每年落叶的defiant/di'faiənt/大胆反抗的decrepit/di'krepit/衰老的defunct/di'fʌŋkt/死的dejected/dɪ'jektɪd/失望的;沮丧的deleterious/,deli'tiəriəs/有害的detrimental/,detri'mentl/有害的,有损的devious/'di:vjəs/绕道的devoid/di'vɔid/缺乏的devout/di'vaut/虔诚的dexterous/'dekstərəs/机巧的diminutive/di'minjutiv/小的dingy/'dindʒi/昏暗的;肮脏的discreet/dis'kri:t/慎重的;谨慎的discrete/dis'kri:t/分立的docile/'dəusail/听话的;温顺的dolorous/'dɒlərəs/悲哀的dormant/'dɔ:mənt/蛰伏的dorsal/'dɔ:səl/背部的downcast/'daunkɑ:st/沮丧的drowsy/'drauzi/昏昏欲睡的ductile/'dʌktail/柔软的;驯良的edify/'edifai/陶冶effigy/'efidʒi/肖像;雕像educe/ɪ'dju:s/引出;推断efface/i'feis/涂抹;消除effectuate/i'fektjueit/使实现effervesce/,efə'ves/沸腾;冒泡effloresce/,eflɔ:'res/开花effuse/ɪ'fju:z/流出;散布eject/ɪ'dʒekt/喷出;逐出elapse/ɪ'læps/(时间)流走elude/i'lju:d,i'lu:d/躲避;困惑emaciate/i'meiʃieit/使瘦弱embalm/im'bɑ:m/铭记;使弥香气embellish/im'beliʃ/装饰;修饰embezzle/im'bezl/盗用(公款;公物)embitter/im'bitə/使苦;激怒embosom/im'buzəm/包围;纳于怀中emend/iˈmend/修订emulate/'emjuleit/与……竞争;效仿enact/i'nækt/制定为法律encompass/in'kʌmpəs/包围;封入encumber/in'kʌmbə/阻碍行动;烦扰endorse/in'dɔ:s/确认;赞同;支持endue/in'dju:/赋予energize/'enədʒaiz/给与精力;用力enervate/'enə:veit/使衰弱engender/in'dʒendə/产生enlist/in'list/使入伍enrage/in'reidʒ/激怒enrapture/in'ræptʃə/使狂喜;使出神entail/in'teil/惹起;使负担enthrall/in'θrɔ:l/迷惑;使服从entice/in'tais/诱惑entrap/in'træp/以网或陷阱捕捉enumerate/i'nju:məreit/枚举;计数equate/i'kweit/使相等;视为同等erode/i'rəud/蚀;腐蚀eschew/is'tʃu:/避开;远离evince/i'vins/表明;表示evoke/i'vəuk/唤起exculpate/'ekskʌlpeit/辩白;使无罪exhume/eks'hju:m/从墓中掘出extenuate/iks'tenjueit/使(罪过等)显得轻微extol/iks'tɔl/颂扬extort/iks'tɔ:t/勒索;强索extricate/'ekstrikeit/救出;使解脱extrude/eks'tru:d/挤出;逐出exude/iɡ'zju:d/渗出;流出ecstasy/'ekstəsi/恍惚;狂喜efficacy/'efikəsi/功效effrontery/e'frʌntərɪ/厚颜无耻egoism/'i:ɡəʊɪz(ə)m/自负egress/'i:ɡres/出口elation/ɪ'leɪʃ(ə)n/得意洋洋eloquence/'eləkwəns/雄辩emolument/i'mɔljumənt/报酬enigma/i'niɡmə/谜enmity/'enmiti/敌意ennui/'ɔnwi:/倦怠enormity/i'nɔ:miti/残暴entity/'entiti/存在episode/'episəud/插曲eulogy/'ju:lədʒi/颂词euphony/'ju:fəni/悦耳之音evasion/i'veiʒən/逃避exertion/iɡ'zə:ʃən/努力exodus/'eksədəs/大批离去exploit/iks'plɔit/功绩eccentric/ik'sentrik/古怪的edible/'edibl/可食的elusive/i'lju:siv/难懂的,难以捉摸的,易忘的eminent/'eminənt/闻名的equitable/'ekwitəbl/公平的;公正的erratic/i'rætik/不稳定的erroneous/i'rəunjəs/错误的erudite/'eru:dait/博学的essential/i'senʃəl/重要的;基本的estimable/'estiməbl/可估计的ethnic/'eθnik/种族的excitable/ik'saitəbl/易激动的expedient/iks'pi:diənt/权宜的;方便的expeditious/ekspɪ'dɪʃəs/敏捷的;迅速的exquisite/'ekskwizit/精美的;灵敏的extant/eks'tænt/现存的extensive/iks'tensiv/大量的;广泛的exultant/iɡ'zʌltənt/欢腾的;狂欢的fabricate/'fæbrikeit/制造;装配fickle/'fikl/多变的falter/'fɔ:ltə/胆怯famish/'fæmiʃ/使挨饿feign/fein/假装ferret/'ferit/搜索fester/'festə/化脓fete/feɪt/庆祝fetter/'fetə/束缚filch/filtʃ/偷窃flare/flɛə/闪耀flaunt/flɔ:nt/飘荡flay/flei/剥……的皮fleck/flek/饰以斑点flout/flaut/嘲弄fluster/'flʌstə/使慌乱foist/'fəuist/蒙骗fret/fret/激怒fritter/'fritə/切碎fulminate/'fʌlmineit/猛烈爆发facet/'fæsit/小平面fagot/'fæɡət/柴把fatalism/'feɪtəlɪz(ə)m/宿命论fealty/'fi:əltɪ/忠诚fecundity/fi'kʌndətɪ/丰富feint/feint/假装ferment/'fə:mənt/骚动;激动fetish/'fi:tiʃ,'fetiʃ/神物figment/'fiɡmənt/虚构之事flaw/flɔ:/裂缝;缺陷flexibility/,fleksə'biliti/柔韧性flora/'flɔ:rə/一切植物flux/flʌks/流动;焊剂foliage/'fəuliidʒ/叶(集合称)ford/fɔ:d/浅滩fray/frei/争吵;冲突fruition/fruˈɪʃn/完成;享受fusion/'fju:ʒən/熔解;联合facetious/fə'si:ʃəs/好开玩笑的;滑稽的facile/'fæsaɪl/轻而易举的;随和的factious/'fækʃəs/好搞党派的factitious/fæk'tiʃəs/人为的;不自然的fallacious/fə'leiʃəs/欺骗的fallow/'fæləu/休耕的famished/ˈfæmɪʃt/极饥饿的fatuous/'fætjuəs/愚昧的feeble/'fi:bl/微弱的fell/fel/残忍的ferocious/fə'rəuʃəs/凶猛的fervent/'fə:vənt/白热的;强烈的fervid/'fə:vid/热情的;灼热的flaccid/'flæksid/软弱的;松弛的fitful/'fitful/一阵阵的;断续的flimsy/'flimzi/脆弱的;薄弱的florid/'flɔrid/颜色鲜丽的;鲜红的fluffy/'flʌfɪ/蓬松的;松软的;毛茸茸的;无内容的forcible/'fɔ:səbl/易怒的;脾气坏的fractious/'frækʃəs/易怒的;脾气坏的frantic/'fræntik/狂乱的fraudulent/'frɔ:djulənt/欺诈的;不诚实的frigid/'fridʒid/严寒的frowzy/'fraʊzɪ/不整洁的;臭的fuddled/'fʌdld/醉的fulsome/'fulsəm/可厌的;令人作呕的funereal/fjuˈnɪəriəl/葬礼的;忧郁的gad/ɡæd/闲逛gag/gæg/塞住……的嘴gainsay/ɡein'sei/否认;反驳gambol/'ɡæmbəl/欢跳;雀跃gape/ɡeip/张嘴garner/'ɡɑ:nə/收藏garnish/'ɡɑ:niʃ/加装饰gash/ɡæʃ/深切gauge/ɡedʒ/精确计量germinate/'dʒə:mineit/发芽gibe/dʒaib/讥笑glaze/ɡleiz/使光滑;变钝gleam/gli:m/发闪光;闪现glean/ɡli:n/收集gloat/ɡləut/贪婪地看glut/glʌt/使吃饱gnaw/nɔ:/啮goad/ɡəud/剌激;煽动gorge/ɡɔ:dʒ/塞饱;狼吞虎咽grip/ɡrip/抓住grope/ɡrəup/摸索grumble/'ɡrʌmbl/喃喃诉苦gabble/'ɡæbl/急促而不清楚地说出gage/ɡeidʒ/挑战;抵押gait/ɡeit/步态gale/ɡeil/大风garment/'ɡɑ:mənt/衣服garrulity/ɡə'ru:liti/饶舌gazette/ɡə'zet/报纸;公报gem/dʒem/珠宝gentility/dʒen'tiliti/有教养;文雅gentry/'dʒentri/绅士guile/ɡail/诈术guise/ɡaiz/外观;装束garrulous/'ɡæruləs/爱说话的gauche/ɡəuʃ/笨拙的;粗鲁的germane/dʒə:'mein/有关系的;适切的glassy/'ɡlɑ:si/透明的glib/ɡlib/口齿伶俐的gloomy/'ɡlu:mi/暗的;忧闷的greedy/'ɡri:di/贪婪的grouchy/'ɡraʊtʃɪ/不悦的;愠怒的grim/grim/冷酷的;可怕的gruff/ɡrʌf/粗暴的;粗野的grumpy/'ɡrʌmpi/性情暴躁的gusty/'ɡʌsti/起大风的haggle/'hæɡl/争论halt/hɔ:lt/立定;踌躇harass/'hærəs/侵扰harrow/'hærəu/使伤心harry/'hæri/掠夺;困扰haul/hɔ:l/拖;拉heave/hi:v/用力举起hinge/hindʒ/依……而定howl/haul/咆哮hamlet/'hæmlit/小村hap/hæp/幸运;偶然发生之事hatchet/'hætʃit/手斧heresy/'herəsi/异端;邪说hilarity/hi'læriti/欢乐holocaust/'hɔləkɔ:st/大屠杀homily/'hɔmili/讲道hubbub/'hʌbʌb/嘈杂husbandry/'hʌzbəndri/耕种;节用hybrid/'haibrid/杂种;混血儿haphazard/'hæp'hæzəd/偶然的;随便的hazy/'heizi/有雾的;模糊的hectic/'hektik/发热的;紧张兴奋的hilarious/hi'lɛəriəs/高兴的;热闹的hirsute/'hə:sju:t/多毛的ignite/iɡ'nait/使燃着illicit/i'lisit/违法的impassible/im'pæsəbl/无知觉的impeccable/im'pekəbl/无瑕疵的imperative/im'perətiv/急需的;命令的impertinent/im'pə:tinənt/粗鲁的impetuous/im'petjuəs/猛烈的;鲁莽的impious/'impiəs/不虔诚的impromptu/im'prɔmptju:/临时的incipient/in'sipiənt/初期的incoherent/,inkəu'hiərənt/不连贯的indefatigable/,indi'fætiɡəbl/不疲倦的ineligible/in'elidʒəbl/无资格的;不适当的inept/i'nept/不适宜的insidious/in'sidiəs/狡猾的intense/in'tens/非常的;紧张的internal/in'tə:nl/内在的intricate/'intrikit/错综复杂的;难懂的intrinsic/in'trinsik/本质的;本身的imbibe/im'baib/饮imbue/im'bju:/浸染immolate/'iməuleit/牺牲impair/im'pɛə/损害impale/im'peil/围以木桩;剌穿impeach/im'pi:tʃ/非难;指责implicate/'implikeit/牵连importune/im'pɔ:tju:n/不断地请求imprecate/'imprikeit/诅咒improvise/'imprəvaiz/即席而作incapacitate/,inkə'pæsiteit/使不能incarcerate/in'kɑ:səreit/监禁incriminate/in'krimi,neit/控告;使负罪inculcate/in'kʌlkeit/谆谆教诲;鼓吹indemnify/in'demnifai/使安全;偿付indent/in'dent/以契约束缚indite/in'dait/著作infringe/in'frindʒ/侵犯;违反insinuate/in'sinjueit/迂回进入;暗示instigate/'instiɡeit/鼓动intensify/in'tensifai/使强intrude/in'tru:d/侵扰inure/i'njuə/使惯于invert/in'və:t/倒转invoke/in'vəuk/恳求isolate/'aisəleit/使隔离ideology/ˌaɪdiˈɒlədʒi/意识idiosyncrasy/,idiə'siŋkrəsi/个人心理上的特点immobility/,iməu'biliti/固定;静止immodesty/i'mɔdisti/无礼impetus/'impitəs/推动力impropriety/,imprə'praiəti/不适当impurity/im'pjuəriti/不纯incentive/in'sentiv/刺激;动机incongruity/ˌɪnkɒnˈɡruːəti/不和谐(之物) incredulity/,inkri'dju:liti/不信indictment/in'daitmənt/起诉indignity/in'diɡniti/侮辱infirmity/in'fə:miti/虚弱inkling/'iŋkliŋ/暗示innuendo/,inju'endəu/暗指insomnia/in'sɔmniə/失眠intelligence/in'telidʒəns/智力intimacy/'intiməsi/熟悉;亲近intimidation/in,timi'deiʃən/胁迫intuition/ˌɪntjuˈɪʃn/直觉idiotic/,idi'ɔtik/愚蠢的illegible/i'ledʒəbl/难读的impartial/im'pɑ:ʃəl/公平的jangle/'dʒæŋɡl/争吵jar/dʒɑ:/震动jeer/dʒiə/揶揄;嘲笑jerk/dʒə:k/急拉jettison/'dʒetisn,-tizn/抛弃jog/dʒɔɡ/轻撞;提醒jolt/dʒəult/摇动jumble/'dʒʌmbl/混杂jug/dʒʌɡ/壶jurisdiction/,dʒuəris'dikʃən/司法权jocose/dʒə'kəus/滑稽的jovial/'dʒəʊviəl/快活的ken/ken/视界knell/nel/丧钟lampoon/læm'pu:n/写文章languish/'læŋɡwiʃ/变衰弱lash/læʃ/打laud/lɔ:d/赞美lease/li:s/租legalize/'li:ɡəlaiz/合法化,法律认可liberate/'libəreit/释放loathe/ləuð/厌恶loot/lu:t/掠夺lug/lʌg/用力拖拉lurch/lə:tʃ/突然倾斜lure/ljuə/引诱lurk/lə:k/躲藏labyrinth/'læbərinθ/迷宫;错综复杂之事件lackey/'læki/男仆;跟班lagoon/lə'ɡu:n/礁湖legion/'li:dʒən/军队levity/'leviti/轻浮lode/ləud/矿脉lank/læŋk/细长的listless/'listlis/冷漠的;不留心的maculate/'mækjuleit/弄污maim/meim/使残废manipulate/mə'nipjuleit/操作masticate/'mæstikeit/吃maze/meiz/使迷惘meander/mi'ændə/蜿蜒而流meddle/'medl/干预mediate/ˈmiːdieɪt/居中斡旋merit/'merit/应得mete/mi:t/分配mince/mins/切碎mollify/'mɔlifai/缓和muddle/'mʌdl/弄糟malady/'mælədi/疾病malediction/,mæli'dikʃən/诅咒;诽谤martinet/,mɑ:ti'net/履行严格纪律的人maxim/'mæksim/格言mentor/'mentɔ:/良师misgiving/mis'ɡiviŋ/疑惧;疑虑mishap/'mishæp , mis'hæp/不幸moiety/'mɔiəti/一半mote/məut/微粒malignant/mə'liɡnənt/恶毒的manful/'mænful/刚毅的;勇敢的mediocre/,mi:di'əukə ; 'mi:diəukə/平庸的menial/'mi:njəl/低贱的mincing/'minsiŋ/矫饰的minuscule/mi'nʌskju:l/小写的;小的morbid/'mɔ:bid/不健康的moribund/'mɒrɪbʌnd/将死的nauseate/'nɔ:sieit/使恶心nettle/'netl/激怒nurture/'nə:tʃə/养育nook/nuk/角落;隐匿处nostalgia/nɔs'tældʒiə/乡愁novice/'nɔvis/新信徒;生手naval/'neivəl/海军的nocturnal/nɔk'tə:nl/夜间的null/nʌl/无效的numb/nʌm/麻木的obliterate/ə'blitəreit/消减obtrude/əb'tru:d/闯入obviate/ˈɒbvieɪt/排除originate/ə'ridʒineit/发起obloquy/'ɔbləkwi/谴责opulence/'ɔpjuləns/财富;富裕oracle/'ɔrəkl/神谕oration/ə'reiʃən/演说ordeal/ɔːˈdiːl/严酷的考验palliate/'pælieit/减轻palatable/'pælətəbl/味美的palpitate/'pælpiteit/跳动;颤抖parch/pɑ:tʃ/使焦干parry/'pæri/躲开peculate/'pekjuleit/盗用perturb/pə'tə:b/扰乱pester/'pestə/使困恼petrify/'petri,fai/变为化石;使发呆pinion/'pinjən/束缚placate/plə'keit/安抚;和解plash/plæʃ/激溅plow/plau/耕作pluck/plʌk/摘,拉plunder/'plʌndə/抢夺plunge/plʌndʒ/投入ply/plai/使用pollute/pəˈluːt/污染prate/preit/喋喋不休precipitate/pri'sipiteit/投下,突发preclude/pri'klu:d/排除,防止premise/'premis/前提presage/'presidʒ/预兆prevaricate/pri'værikeit/支吾其词profane/prə'fein/亵渎promulgate/'prɔməlɡeit/宣布propagate/'prɔpəɡeit/繁殖propitiate/prə'piʃieit/安抚;使息怒propound/prə'paund/提出prorogue/prə'rəuɡ/休会proscribe/prəu'skraib/禁止protract/'prɔtrækt/延长protrude/prə'tru:d/伸出provoke/prə'vəuk/激怒pulsate/pʌl'seit , 'pʌlseit/有规律的跳动purge/pə:dʒ/洗清patricide/'pætrisaid/杀父者penury/ˈpenjəri/贫穷perjury/'pə:dʒəri/伪证pinnacle/'pinəkl/顶点plague/pleiɡ/疫病presumption/pri'zʌmpʃən/推定;猜想probity/'prəubiti/正直proclivity/prə'kliviti/倾向progenitor/prə'dʒenitə/祖先progeny/'prɔdʒini/子孙prognostic/prɔɡ'nɔstik/预兆proxy/'prɔksi/代理人psyche/'saɪki/精神puddle/'pʌdl/泥坑purport/pə'pɔːt , 'pɜːpɔːt/主旨;意义permissible/pə'mɪsəbl/可容许的phlegmatic/fleɡ'mætik/冷漠的;迟钝的placid/'plæsid/安静的profitless/'prɔfɪtlɪs/无益的quell/kwel/压制quibble/'kwibl/模棱两可地说quiver/'kwivə/振动quandary/'kwɔndəri/困惑;窘境query/'kwiəri/质问;问题rally/'ræli/重整rot/rɔt/腐烂rant/rænt/大声叫喊;咆哮ratify/'rætifai/批准ravage/'rævidʒ/破坏raze/reiz/摧毁rebuke/ri'bju:k/斥责rebut/ri'bʌt/辩驳,驳回recant/ri'kænt/公然撤回recapitulate/,ri:kə'pitjuleit/简述要旨;反复reconcile/'rekənsail/和解recruit/ri'kru:t/补充reef/ri:f/收(帆);收缩reek/ri:k/发出水汽;发出臭气rehabilitate/,ri:(h)ə'biliteit/恢复reimburse/,ri:im'bə:s/偿还reiterate/ri:'itəreit/重述relinquish/ri'liŋkwiʃ/放弃rend/rend/撕破render/'rendə/还给renounce/ri'nauns/否认renovate/'renəuveit/革新replenish/ri'pleniʃ/补充repudiate/ri'pju:dieit/拒绝retrograde/'retrəuɡreid/退后reverberate/ri'və:bəreit/回音revile/ri'vail/辱骂riddle/'ridl/解谜;穿孔ruffle/'rʌfl/使皱ruminate/'ru:mineit/沉思rack/ræk/巨大痛苦rage/reidʒ/激怒;愤怒ramp/ræmp/斜路rancor/'ræŋkə(r)/怨恨ransom/'rænsəm/赎金;赔偿金rapture/'ræptʃə/狂喜rascal/'rɑ:skəl/恶棍rebate/'ri:beit , ri'beit/部分款项的退还;减少recipient/ri'sipiənt/接受者recluse/ri'klu:s/隐士recognition/,rekəɡ'niʃən/认识;承认recollection/,rekə'lekʃən/记起;回想recourse/ri'kɔ:s/求助;赖以帮助的人regimen/'redʒimen/养生之道relapse/ri'læps/复发;回复remnant/'remnənt/残余requital/ri'kwaitl/酬劳resemblance/ri'zembləns/相似reticence/'retɪsəns/沉默retribution/,retri'bju:ʃən/报应reverence/'revərəns/尊敬rigor/'riɡə/严厉revolution/,revə'lu:ʃən/革命ruffian/ˈrʌfiən]/恶棍rupture/'rʌptʃə(r)/破裂;失和renowned/rɪ'naʊnd/著名的ruinous/ˈruːɪnəs /毁坏的;荒废的rustic/'rʌstɪk/乡村的rusty/'rʌstɪ/生锈的;荒废的saddle/'sædl/使负担sapience/'seɪpɪəns/智慧sociable/'səuʃəbl/好交际的satiate/'seiʃieit/使饱;使满足saturate/'sætʃəreit/浸透savor/'seivə/尝味scathe/skeið/损伤scoff/skɔf/嘲笑scoop/sku:p/掘scrape/skreɪp/刮scratch/skrætʃ/抓伤scribble/'skribl/潦草书写scrub/skrʌb/(用力)擦洗scrutinize/'skrutinaiz/细察scud/skʌd/疾行scuffle/'skʌfl/混战scurry/'skʌri/疾走,快跑scuttle/'skʌtl/疾走seethe/si:ð/沸腾;起泡沫shackle/'ʃækl/加桎梏;束缚sheathe/ʃi:ð/(将刀剑)插入鞘shove/ʃʌv/推挤shred/ʃred/切成碎片shriek/ʃri:k/发出尖锐的叫声shun/ʃʌn/避开skim/skim/掠过skulk/skʌlk/藏匿;潜行slake/sleik/息(怒)slant/slɑ:nt/倾斜slit/slit/割裂smack/smæk/微有(某)味smash/smæʃ/破碎smear/smiə/涂;弄脏sneak/sni:k/潜行sneer/sniə/嘲笑sniff/snif/以鼻吸气sojourn/ˈsɒdʒən/逗留;寄居spawn/spɔ:n/产卵squall/skwɔ:l/尖叫squander/'skwɔndə/浪费stagger/'stæɡə/蹒跚stalk/stɔ:k/高视阔步stare/steə(r)/凝视sublimate/'sʌblimeit/使升华suffuse/sə'fju:z/布满sully/'sʌli/玷污supersede/,sju:pə'si:d/替代surmise/'sə:maiz/臆测swell/swel/膨胀swelter/'sweltə/热昏synchronize/'sɪŋkrənaɪz/同时发生sanity/'sæniti/神智清楚sarcasm/'sɑ:kæzəm/讽刺;挖苦satire/'sætaiə/讽刺scandal/'skændl/丑闻scatterbrain/'skætəbreɪn/注意力不集中的人schism/'sizəm/分裂scope/skəup/范围;余地screed/skri:d/碎片scripture/'skriptʃə/经文scroll/skrəul/目录;纸卷scruple/'skru:pl/踌躇;顾忌scrutiny/'skru:tini/详审scuff/skʌf/拖足而走sculpture/'skʌlptʃə/雕刻seclusion/si'klu:ʒən/隐居;退隐segment/'seɡmənt/部分;片selfishness/'selfiʃnis/自私semblance/'sembləns/类似;外观sentry/'sentri/守望;哨兵serenity/si'reniti/安静;从容shade/ʃeid/荫;阴暗siege/si:dʒ/围困;围攻slag/slæɡ/渣滓slap/slæp/掴snarl/snɑ:l/混乱spike/spaik/大钉spine/spain/脊骨splash/splæʃ/污迹splendor/'splendə/光彩;壮观spouse/spauz/配偶spray/sprei/水花squad/skwɔd/小队;班stall/stɔ:l/厩;摊位stamina/'stæminə/体力;精力staple/'steipl/主要产品;纤维;原料statue/'stætju:/像strain/strein/紧张;张力strait/streit/海峡;困难strap/stræp/皮带streak/stri:k/条纹;短时间subjection/səb'dʒekʃən/征服;服从submission/səb'miʃən/屈服;服从suffrage/'sʌfridʒ/投票;同意suspense/səs'pens/焦虑sustenance/'sʌstinəns/生计;营养物swarm/swɔ:m/群sagacious/sə'ɡeiʃəs/睿智的salutary/'sæljutəri/有益健康的sturdy/'stə:di/不屈的;顽强的sluggish/'slʌɡiʃ/怠惰的stray/strei/漂泊的;偶然的sulky/'sʌlki/愠怒的sultry/'sʌltri/闷热的superfluous/,sju:'pə:fluəs/过多的;不必要的tally/'tæli/符合tamper/'tæmpə/干预tantalize/'tæntəlaɪz/折磨;使着急teem/ti:m/充满temporize/'tempəraɪz/见风使舵terminate/'tə:mineit/终结throttle/'θrɔtl/使窒息thrust/θrʌst/力推thump/θʌmp/重击tipple/'tipl/常饮;酗酒tolerate/'tɔləreit/容忍toll/təul/鸣(钟)tow/təu/拖traduce/trə'dju:s/中伤transact/trænˈzækt/处理transcend/træn'send/超越transform/træns'fɔ:m/使变形,变换transmute/trænz'mju:t/使变形transpire/træns'paiə/排出;蒸发traverse/trəˈvɜːs , ˈtrævɜːs/反对;走过tug/tʌɡ/拖曳tact/tækt/老练;机智tactics/'tæktiks/战术tenement/'tenimənt/家屋;住宅terror/'terə/恐怖testimony/'testiməni/证言thrall/'θrɔ:l/奴隶throng/θrɔŋ/群众torment/'tɔ:ment/痛苦trash/træʃ/废物travesty/'trævisti/滑稽化tremor/'tremə/颤抖trend/trend/倾向trial/'traiəl/审判tribulation/,tribju'leiʃən/苦难tumult/'tju:mʌlt/骚动turmoil/'tə:mɔil/骚动;混乱twig/twiɡ/小枝tentative/'tentətiv/暂时的;试验性的therapeutic/θerə'pju:tik/治疗的transitory/'trænsitəri/短暂的tumid/'tju:mid/肿胀的undulate/'ʌndjuleit/起伏unearth/'ʌn'ə:θ/发掘;发现upbraid/ʌp'breid/谴责uphold/ʌp'həuld/举起;支撑uncouth/ʌn'ku:θ/粗鲁的;笨拙的vanish/'væniʃ/消失veer/viə/(风)改变方向vex/veks/使烦恼vindicate/'vindikeit/辩明;主张vacillation/,væsi'leiʃən/优柔寡断;动摇valor/'vælə/勇气vanity/'væniti/空虚variation/,vɛəri'eiʃən/变化vault/vɔ:lt/拱形圆屋顶;地窖vehemence/'vi:iməns/热切;激烈venom/'venəm/毒液;恶意ventilation/venti'leiʃən/通风veracity/və'ræsiti/真实性vertigo/'və:tiɡəu/眩晕vigor/'viɡə/精力vivacity/vɪˈvæsəti/快活vulgarity/vʌl'ɡærɪtɪ/粗俗waddle/'wɔdl/蹒跚而行wag/wæg/摇摆wan/wɔn/(使)变苍白wither/'wiðə/凋谢wring/riŋ/扭wail/weil/哭泣warrant/'wɑ:ənt/保证;权限。

托福 词汇题

托福 词汇题

词汇题精选11. The word "intriguing" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) changing (B) perfect (C) visible (D) fascinating2,The phrase “teeming with ”in line 2 is closest in meaning to(a)full of (b)developing into (c)resistant to (d)hurt by7.The word “postulated” in line 19 is closest in meaning to(a)analyzed (b)doubted (c)persuaded (d)suggested32. The word "sweep" in line 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?(A) brush(B) extend(C) clear (D) hurry35. The word "technically" in line 7 is closest in meaning to(A) partially (B) similarly (C) likely (D) officially43. The word "facilitate" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) enable(B) require (C) organize (D) examine47. The word "inaccessible" in line'18 is closest in meaning to(A) unreachable(B) undiscovered (C) unexplored (D) unpredictable13. The word” sustain” in line 6 is closets in meaning to(A) select(B) strain(C) support(D) store22. The word "bound" in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) covered (B) chosen (C) planned (D) held8. The word “periphery” in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) depth (B) landmass (C) warm habitat (D) outer edge43. The word "haul" in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) diet (B) type (C) load (D) branch45. The word "strip" in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) search (B) eat (C) carry (D) remove46. The word "probe" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) change (B) watch (C) explore(D) create7. The word "edge" in line 17 is closest in meaning toA. opportunityB. advantageC. purposeD. rest8. The word "permeated" in line 15(A) opposed(B) improved(C) competed with(D) spread through21. The word “forage” in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) look up (B) walk toward (C) revolve around (D) search for food22. The word “intermittently” in live 4 is closest in meaning to(A) periodically(B) incorrectly (C) rapidly (D) roughly27. The word “furnish” in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) include (B) provide (C) cover (D) select28. The word “oscillating “ in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) falling (B) depositing (C) swinging(D) starting11. The word "obscure" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) interesting (B) unclear(C) imperfect (D) complex18. The word "load" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) weight(B) number (C) section (D) level37. The word "prolific" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) fruitful(B) distinct (C) determined (D) energetic2. The word "preserved" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) confused with others (B) gradually weakened(C) protected from destruction(D) lost permanently7. The word "constant" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) comfortable (B) combined (C) consistent(D) complementary9. The word "attained" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) required (B) achieved(C) observed (D) merited23. The word "yet" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) however (B) since (C) generally (D) so far27. The word "rudimentary" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) superior (B) original (C) basic (D) technical33. The word "agents" in line 5 is closest in meaning toA). dangers B). examples C). areas D). causes44. The word "estimated" in line 11 is closest in meaning toA). commented B). judged C). observed D). discovered48. The phrase “pry off" in line 21 is closest in meaning toA). swallow B). remove C). squeeze D). locate49. The word "littered" in line 22 is closest in meaning toA). covered B). displayed C). fertilized D). planted37. The word "scurrying" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) agreeing (B) appearing (C) competing (D) rushing49. The word "sedentary" in line 29 is closest in meaning to(A) inactive (B) inefficient (C) unchangeable (D) unbalanced4. In line 13, the word "oversaw" is closest in meaning to(A) estimated(B) supervised(C) collected(D) provided5. In line 15, the word "'delivered'" is closest in meaning to(A) confirmed(B) compared(C) questioned(D) presented9. In line 22, the word "boasted" is closest in meaning to(A) planned(B) financed(C) was forced to close (D) took pride in having23. The word "versions" in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) ideas(B) numbers(C) functions(D) forms26. The word "customary" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) necessary(B) attractive(C) legal(D) usual27. The phrase "according to" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) in addition to(B) in order to(C) regardless of(D) depending on13. The word “source” in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) quantity(B) result(C) basis(D) cost16. The word “unchronicled” in line 11 is closest in meaning to(A) unquestioned(B) unexplained(C) unnoticed(D) unrecorded18. The word “clues” in line 14 is closest in meaning to(A) proofs(B) indications(C) colors(D) variations20. The phrase "gave rise to" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) replaced by(B) favored over(C) brought about(D) found out11. The word "resumed" in line 7 is closest in meaning tobegan again held back thought over referred to14. The phrase "attests to" in line 21 is closest in meaning tomakes up for combines with interferes with gives evidence ofprecise poor simple dull18. The word "prominent" in line 27 is closest in meaning tocomplex noticeable appealing perfect3. The phrase “hinged on” in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) recovered from (B) depended on(C) started on (D) contributed to5. The word “lured” in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) attracted(B) assigned (C) restricted (D) attached7.The word “expendable” in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A) nonproductive (B) unacceptable (C) nonessential (D) unprofitable15.The phrase “subscribed to” in line 8 is closest in mea ning to(a)contributed to (b)agreed with(c)thought about (d)expanded on19.The word “stunning” in line 24 is closest in meaning to(a)predictable (b)impressive (c)famous (d)gradual23 The word “partitioning” in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) division(B) modification (C) opening (D) circulating25 The word “enhanced” in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) implied (B) increased (C) indicated (D) informed33. The word "biting" in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) simple (B) sorrowful (B) frequent (D) sharp35. The word "heightened" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) complicated (B) directed (C) observed (D) increased36. The word "meticulous" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) careful(B) significant (C) appropriate (D) believable33. The word "counter" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) explain (B) measure (C) exploit (D) overcome38. The word "unprecedented" in line 25 is closest in meaning to(A) not extensive (B) not used often(C) not existing before(D) not needing money33 The word “ignited” in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) set on fire(B)cut into (C)opened (D) shaken35 The word “evolution” in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) publicity (B)adoption (C)development(D) manufacture38 The word “momentarily” in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) effortlessly (B)briefly(C)electronically (D) gradually8. The word "sums" in line 20 is closest in meaning to(A) problems (B) amounts(C) services (D) debts2. The word "coarse" in line 1 is closest in meaning to(A) decorative (B) natural (C) crude(D) weak6. The word "brittle" in line 17 is closest in meaning to(A) easily broken(B) roughly made (C) hairy (D) shiny29. The word “attained” in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) Attempted (B)changed (C)lost (D)reached30. The word “flamed” in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A) Burned(B)Divided (C)Fallen (D)grown(A) planned (B) rational (C) required (D) accurate25. The word "exercise" in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) utilize (B) consider (C) design (D) defend26. The word "elicit" in line 18 is closest in meaning to(A) compose (B) rule out (C) predict (D) bring out40. The word "standard" in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) practical (B) customary(C) possible (D) unusual45. The word "strain" in line 23 is closest in meaning to(A) struggle (B) strength (C) strategy (D) stress46. The word "Accordingly" in line 24 is closest in meaning to(A) However (B) Consequently(C) Nevertheless (D) Ultimately25. The word “fortuitous” in line 6 is closet in meaning to(A) important (B) sudden(C) early (D) lucky29. The word "thwarted" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) continued (B) influenced (C) encouraged (D) frustrated3. The phrase "frowned on" in line 11 is closest in meaning togiven up forgotten about argued about disapproved of8. The word "disseminated" in line 16 is closest in meaning to(A) played (B) documented (C) spread(D) analyzed23. The word "strikingly" in line 4 is closest in meaning to(A) aggressively (B) specifically (C) noticeably (D)occasionally26. The phrase “carried on” in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A) conducted (B) supervised (C) moved about (D) improved27. The word "necessitated" in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) identified (B) replaced (C) required(D) supplied31. The word “Hence” in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) moreover (B) nevertheless (C) in contrast (D) for these reasons41. The word “exceptional” in line 2 is closest in meaning toremarkable fearless expert visible46. The word “enhancement” in line 20 is closest in meaning toreplacement design improvemen t decoration47. The word “revitalize” in line 22 is closest in meaning toshow the importance of promise to enlarge bring new life to provide artworks for 49. The wo rd “executing” in line 28 is closest in meaning tojudging selling explaining producing42 The word “depict” in line 2 is closest in meaning toreorganize deform represent justify47 The word “affront” in line 22 is closest in meaning toinsult encouragement return credit12. The word "ornate" in line 7 is closest in meaning toA). elaborate B). puzzling C). durable D). common15. The phrase "derived from" in line 19 is closest in meaning toA). ruined by B). warned against C). based on D). sold by42. The word “encompass” in line 1 is closest in meaning toseparate include replace enhance46. The phrase “came to the forefront” in line 16 is closest in meaning togrew in complexity went through a process changed its approach became important。

【托福备考】托福词汇模拟练习题精选试题及答案(八)

【托福备考】托福词汇模拟练习题精选试题及答案(八)

【托福备考】托福词汇模拟练习题精选试题及答案(八)托福单词记忆对于大多数托福考生来说是一大难点。

托福词汇的学习需要放在文章语境中去记忆和理解。

以下为大家带来十道托福词汇模拟练习题精选试题(八),希望对大家托福备考有所帮助!431 ・Glass fibers were little more than a novelty until the 1930* s, when their thermal and electrical insulating properties were appreciated and methods for producing continuous filaments were developed・The word ^appreciated*' is closest in meaning to which of following(A)experienced(B)recognized(C)explored(D)increased432・ The scarce fossils of the Proterozoic, mostly single-celled bacteria, provide little evidence in this regard・ However, the rocks themselves do include the earliest evidence for glaciation, probably a global ice age・The word u scarce" is closest in meaning to which of following(A)ancient(B)tiny(C)available(D)rare433. In rocks in Canada near Lake Huron (dating from the early part of the Proterozoic age), there are thin laminae of fine-grained sediments that resemble varves, the annual layers of sediment deposited in glacial lakes・The word u resemble" is closest in meaning to which of following(A)result from(B)penetrate(C)look like(D)replace434・ Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, a nd Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote surviva1・The w ord u diverse v is closest in meaning to which of following(A) small(B) varied(0 w订d(D) particular435・ The most well-known of these is imprinting, the early following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger・The word M ensures M is closest in meaning to which of following(A) guarantees(B) proves(0 teaches(D) assumes436・ It refers to a limited time span during which the child is biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitably stimulating environment・The w ord u suitably M is closest in meaning to which of following(A) willingly(B) moderately(0 appropriately(D) emotionally437・ The development of attachment in human infants is a lengthy process involvingchanges in psychological structures that lead to a deep affectional tie between parent and baby.The phrase u affectional tie M is closest in meaning to which of following(A)cognitive development(B)emotional attachment(C)psychological need(D)behavioral change438 ・ Locke strongly suggested that individuals, while accepting their Americanism, take pride in their African ancestral arts and urged artists to look to Africa for substance and inspiration・The word u urged" is closest in meaning to which of following(A)prepared(B)defined(C)permitted(D)encouraged439・ From this unity created by the convergence of artists from various social and geographical backgrounds came a new spirit, which, particularly in densely populated Harlem, was to result in greater group awareness and seif-determination・The word u convergence M is closest in meaning to which of following(A)gathering(B)promotion(C)expression(D)influence440. African American graphic artists took their place beside the poets and writers of the Harlem Renaissance and carried on efforts to increase and promote the visual arts・The phrase u carried on" is closest in meaning to which of following(A)continued(B)praised(C)transformed(D)connected参考答案:BDCBACBDAA。

托福阅读tpo56R-1原文+译文+题目+答案+重点词汇

托福阅读tpo56R-1原文+译文+题目+答案+重点词汇

TPO56 阅读-1 Alfred Wegener’s Theory of Continental Drift原文 (1)译文 (2)题目 (3)答案 (8)背景知识 (8)原文Alfred Wegener’s Theory of Continental Drift①In 1912, the German geologist Alfred Wegener proposed that Earth’s continents are mobile rafts of lighter crust that have shifted over time by plowing their way through the denser crust of the oceans. The theory, called continental drift, was partly motivated by the apparent fit, like puzzle pieces, of the coastlines of South America and Africa. Wegener first presented his theory of continental drift at a meeting and in a paper, and then as a book, The Origin of Continents and Oceans, published in 1915. He continued to write updated versions of this work until his death in an ill-fated expedition to Greenland in 1930. Wegener maintained that Earth is composed of concentric shells of increasing density from crust to core. The outermost shell is not continuous but made of continental blocks of lighter rock called sial (an acronym for silica-and aluminum-rich rock) floating in the denser sima (silica- and magnesia-rich rock) underlying the oceans. All the continents had been joined in the supercontinent of Pangaea. As the continent broke up, the pieces moving apart left bits behind, explaining the presence of nonvolcanic islands and island chains, according to Wegener. Where the moving pieces collided, mountains formed. They were thrust up either by the plowing of the continents through the sima, as in the case of the Andes, or by the colliding of two blocks of sial, as in the case of the Himalayas. As for the force driving continental drift, Wegener initially invoked Polfluchtkraft—a force causing flight from the poles as a result of Earth’s rotation—and later the tidal force resulting from the gravitational attraction between Earth and the Moon and Sun.②One of the most influential geologists to join the mobilist camp, as the drifters school became known, was Arthur Holmes. Holmes recognized the importance of radioactive heat—which had recently been discovered—and realized that there must be a mechanism to remove it from Earth’s interior. That mechanism, heargued, is convection—the rising of less dense material and the sinking of more dense material. He went on to propose that the mantle (the part of Earth’s interior below the outer crust and above the core) convects in large, circulating patterns, and that this motion carries the continents across Earth’s surface. He also related crustal movement and mantle convection to the evolution of mountain belts. Wegener adopted Holmes’s mechanism in the last rendition of his theory. Holmes, for his part, presented his grand concept of a dynamic Earth in his influential and popular text Principles of Physical Geology, published in 1944.③Although it was eventually supplanted by the theory of plate tectonics, Wegener’s theory of continental drift influenced science because it explained disparate observations, because it was placed in the context of existing theories, and because it offered a coherent view of Earth’s evolution. For example, Wegener showed not only that the coastlines on opposite sides of the Atlantic fit together, but that geologic features on the different continents fit as well. He asserted that the Appalachians, which can be traced northward through the Canadian Maritime Provinces, match the Caledonian Mountains in Scotland and Norway. He marshaled evidence from the distributions of fossil and living species to argue that land bridges joining continents were less likely than a single continent. The example commonly cited is that of Mesosaurus, a shoreline scavenger reptile that lived in the Permian period and is found as fossils in rocks on both sides of the South Atlantic Ocean. Mesosaurus was thought not to be a great swimmer, certainly not able to cross an ocean.④Wegener also found supporting evidence in ancient climates. Mounting observations indicated that the past climate of many regions was much different from the present climate. In the tropics, geologists had found sand and gravel left by ancient glaciers, and in rainy regions they had located prehistoric deserts. Then there was the discovery, by a British expedition, of plant fossils only 600 kilometers (370 miles) from the South Pole. Particularly puzzling was evidence suggesting that widely different climates in different regions had occurred at the same time, so one could not account for different climates by claiming simply that the whole of Earth was once hotter or once cooler than now. Wegener solved this dilemma by showing that observations of paleoclimate could be explained if the positions of the continents had shifted relative to those of the poles.译文阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳的大陆漂移理论①1912年,德国地质学家阿尔弗雷德·魏格纳提出,地球上的大陆是由较轻的地壳组成的移动筏,随着时间的推移,它们穿过密度较大的海洋地壳。

历年托福词汇题精选440题及答案

历年托福词汇题精选440题及答案

历年托福词汇题精选440题及答案001. Most of these leaders were involved in public life as reformers, activists working for women's right to vote, or authors, and were not representative at all of the great of ordinary women.The word "representative" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) typical(B) satisfied(C) supportive(D) distinctive002. In the United States, Louis Comfort Tiffany (1843-1933) was the most noted exponent of this style, producing a great variety of glass forms and surfaces, which were widely copied in their time and are highly prized today.The word "prized" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) valued(B) universal(C) uncommon(D) preserved003. The Art Nouveau style was a major forcein the decorative arts from 1895 until 1915, although its influence continued throughout the mid-1920's. It was eventually to be overtaken by a new school of thought known as Functionalism that had been present since the turn of the century.The word "overtaken" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surpassed(B) inclined(C) expressed(D) applied004. During most of their lives, surge glaciers behave like normal glaciers, traveling perhaps only a couple of inches per day. However, at intervals of 10 to 100 years, these glaciers move forward up to 100 times faster than usual. The word "intervals" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) records(B) speeds(C) distances(D) periods005. The increasing water pressure under the glacier might lift it off its bed, overcoming the friction between ice and rock, thus freeing the glacier, which rapidly sliders downhill surge glaciers also might be influenced by the climate, volcanic heat, or earthquakes.The word "freeing" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pushing(B) releasing(C) strengthening(D) draining006. A flood of ice would then surge into the Southern Sea. With the continued rise in sea level, more ice would plunge into the ocean, causing sea levels to rise even higher, which in turn would release more ice and set in motion a vicious cycle.The word "plunge" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) drop(B) extend(C) melt(D) drift007. Group members look to instrumental leaders to "get things done." Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group's members.The word "collective" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) necessary(B) typical(C) group(D) particular008. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a seriousmoment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group.The word "resolve" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) avoid repeating(B) talk about(C) avoid thinking about(D) find a solution for009. Thousands of tons were extracted before 1875, when it was first noticed that the tar contained fossil remains. Major excavations were undertaken that established the significance of this remarkable site.The word "noticed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) predicted(B) announced(C) corrected(D) observed010. Since then, over 100 tons of fossils, 1.5 million from vertebrates, 2.5 million from invertebrates, have been recovered, often in densely concentrated tangled masses.The word "tangled" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) buried beneath(B) twisted together(C) quickly formed(D) easily dated011. The asphalt at La Brea seeps to the surface, especially in the summer, and forms shallow puddles that would often have been concealed by leaves and dust.The word "concealed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) highlighted(B) covered(C) transformed(D) contaminated012. The ocean bottom --- a region nearly 2. 5 times greater than the total land area of the Earth --- is a vast frontier that even today is largely unexplored and uncharted, until about a century ago, the deep-ocean floor was completely inaccessible, hidden beneath waters averaging over 3,600 meters deep. The word "inaccessible" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unrecognizable(B) unreachable(C) unusable(D) unsafe013. The DSDP's drill ship, the Glomar Challenger, was able to maintain a steady position on the ocean's surface and drill in very deep waters, extracting samples of sediments and rock from the ocean floor.The word "extracting" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) breaking(B) locating(C) removing(D) analyzing014. Today, largely on the strength of evidence gathered during the Glomar Challenger's voyages, nearly all earth scientists agree on the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift that explain many of the geological processes that shape the Earth.The word "strength" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) basis(B) purpose(C) discovery(D) endurance015. For every three Canadians in 1945, there were over five in 1966. In September 1966 Canada's population passed the 20 million mark. Most of this surging growth came from natural increase.The word "surging" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) new(B) extra(C) accelerating(D) surprising016. When the prairies were being settled, undoubtedly, the good economic conditions of the 1950's supported a growth in the population, but the expansion also derived from a trend toward earlier marriages and an increase in the average size of families.The word "trend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) tendency(B) aim(C) growth(D) directive017. After the peak year of 1957, the birth rate in Canada began to decline. It continued falling until in 1966, it stood at the lowest level in 25 years.The word "peak" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pointed(B) dismal(C) mountain(D) maximum018. Although the growth in Canada's population had slowed down by 1966 (the increase the first half of the 1960's was only nine percent) , another large population wave was coming over the horizon. It would be composed of the children who were born during the period of the high birth rate prior to 1957.The phrase "prior to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) behind(B) since(C) during(D) preceding019. Advocates of organic foods --- a term whose meaning varies greatly --- frequently proclaim that such products are safer and more nutritious than others.The word "Advocates" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) Proponents(B) Merchants(C) Inspectors(D) Consumers020. There are numerous unsubstantiated reports that natural vitamins are superior to synthetic ones, that fertilized eggs are nutritionally superior to unfertilized eggs, that untreated grains are better than fumigated grains, and the like. The word "unsubstantiated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) unbelievable(B) uncontested(C) unpopular(D) unverified021. But in many cases consumers are misled if they believe organic foods can maintain health and provide better nutritional quality than conventionally grown foods. So there is real cause for concern if consumers, particularly those with limited incomes, distrust the regular food supply and buy only expensive organic foods instead.The word "maintain" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) improve(B) monitor(C) preserve(D) restore022. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word "considerable" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) thoughtful(B) substantial(C) relational(D) ceremonial023. In addition, there were performers and since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. The word "enactment" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) establishment(B) performance(C) authorization(D) season024. Staggering tasks confronted the people of the United States, North and South, when the Civil War ended. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "Staggering" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) specialized(B) confusing(C) various(D) overwhelming025. About a million and a half soldiers from both sides had to be demobilized, readjusted to civilian life, and reabsorbed by the devastated economy.The word "devastated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) developing(B) ruined(C) complicated(D) fragile026. Some botanists hypothesized that the living cells of plants acted as pumps. But many experiments demonstrated that the stems of plants in which all the cells are killed can still move water to appreciable heights.The word "demonstrated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignored(B) showed(C) disguised(D) distinguished027. As water is lost from the surface of the leaves, a negative pressure, or tension, is created. The evaporated water is replaced by water moving from inside the plant in unbroken columns that extend from the top of a plant to its roots. The same forces that create surface tension in any sample of water are responsible for the maintenance of these unbroken columns of water.The word "extend" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stretch(B) branch(C) increase(D) rotate028. By opening vast areas of unoccupied land for residential expansion, the omnibuses, horse railways, commuter trains, and electric trolleys pulled settled regions outward two to four times more distant from city centers than they were in the premodern era.The word "vast" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) large(B) basic(C) new(D) urban029. The new accessibility of land around the periphery of almost every major city sparked an explosion of real estate development and fueled what we now know as urban sprawl. Between 1890 and 1920, for example, some 250,000 new residential lots were recorded within the borders of Chicago, most of them located in outlying areas.The word "sparked" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) brought about(B) surrounded(C) sent out(D) followed030. Anxious to take advantage of the possibilities of commuting, real estate developers added 800,000 potential building sites to the Chicago region in just thirty years-lots that could have housed five to six million people.The word "potential" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) certain(B) popular(C) improved(D) possible031. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos.The word "outstanding" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) extensive(B) surprising(C) vertical(D) excellent032. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in asmall area around Holzamden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time.The word "site" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) example(B) location(C) development(D) characteristic033. The quality of preservation is almost unmatched, and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.The phrase "account for " is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) record(B) describe(C) equal(D) explain034. In the seventeenth century the organ, the clavichord, and the harpsichord became the chief instruments of the keyboard group, a supremacy they maintained until the piano supplanted them at the end of the eighteenth century.The words "a supremacy" in line 9 are closest in meaning to(A) a suggestion(B) an improvement(C) a dominance(D) a development035. A series of mechanical improvements continuing well into the nineteenth century, including the introduction of pedals to sustain tone or to soften it, the perfection of a metal frame, and steel wire of the finest quality, finally produced an instrument capable of myriad tonal effects from the most delicate harmonies to an almost orchestral fullness of sound, from a liquid, singing tone to a ship, percussive brilliance.The word "myriad" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) noticeable(B) many(C) loud(D) unusual036. Each one was virtually a stone town, which is why the Spanish would later call them pueblos, the Spanish word for towns. These pueblos represent one of the Anasazis' supreme achievements. At least a dozen large stone houses took shape below the bluffs of Chiaco Canyon in northwest New Mexico.The word "supreme" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) most common(B) most outstanding(C) most expensive(D) most convenient037. They functioned as sanctuaries where the elders met to plan festivals, perform ritual dances, settle pueblo affairs, and impart tribal lore to the younger generation.The word "settle" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) sink(B) decide(C) clarify(D) locate038. Then, to connect the pueblos and to give access to the surrounding tableland, the architects laid out a system of public roads with stone staircases for ascending cliff faces.The word "ascending" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) arriving at(B) carving(C) connecting(D) climbing039. Within a very short time, however, the incongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film.The word "solemn" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) simple(B) serious(C) short(D) silent040. Certain films had music especially composed for them. The most famous of these early special scores was that composed and arranged for D. W. Griffith's film Birth of a Nation, which was released in 1915.The word "composed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) selected(B) combined(C) played(D) createdThe word "scores" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) totals(B) successes(C) musical compositions(D) groups of musicians041. The Earth comprises three principal layers: the dense, iron-rich core, the mantle made of silicate rocks that are semimolten at depth, and the thin, solid-surface crust.The word "comprises" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) adapts to(B) benefits from(C) consists of(D) focuses on042. These plates move over the semimolten lower mantle to produce all of the major topographical features of the Earth. Active zones where intense deformation occurs are confined to the narrow, interconnecting boundaries of contact of the plates.The word "intense" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) surface(B) sudden(C) rare(D) extreme043. New oceanic crust is formed along one or more margins of each plate by material issuing from deeper layers of the Earth's crust, for example, by volcanic eruptions of lava at midocean ridges. The word "margins" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) edges(B) peaks(C) interiors(D) distances044. If at such a spreading contact the two plates support continents, a rift is formed that will gradually widen and become flooded by the sea. The Atlantic Ocean formed like this as the American and Afro-European plates move in opposite directions.The word "support" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) separate(B) create(C) reduce(D) hold045. Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human well-being. The word "appreciation" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) ignorance(B) recognition(C) tolerance(D) forgiveness046. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most-distinctive feature-the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues.The word "bias" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) concern(B) disadvantage(C) attitude(D) prejudice047. The prevailing winds in the Great Basin are from the west. Warm, moist air from the Pacific Ocean is forced upward as it crosses the Sierra Nevada.The word "prevailing" is closest in meaning towhich of following?(A) most frequent(B) occasional(C) gentle(D) most dangerous048. There seem to have been several periods within the last tens of thousands of years when water accumulated in these basins. The rise and fall of the lakes were undoubtedly linked to the advances and retreats of the great ice sheets that covered much of the northern part of the North American continent during those times. The word "accumulated" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dried(B) flooded(C) collected(D) evaporated049. All living creature, especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among other eccentricities, eats mud, feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?The phrase "bizarre" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) odd(B) marine(C) simple(D) rare050. Its major enemies are fish and crabs, when attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or if the water becomes too polluted.The phrase "casts off" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) grows again(B) grabs(C) gets rid of(D) uses as a weapon 051. A folk culture is small, isolated, cohesive, conservative, nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race, with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals.The word "homogeneous" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) uniform(B) general(C) primitive(D) traditional052. Unaltered folk cultures no longer exist in industrialized countries such as the United States and Canada. Perhaps the nearest modern equivalent in Anglo-America is the Amish, a German American farming sect that largely renounces the products and labor saving devices of the industrial age.The phrase "largely renounces" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) generally rejects(B) greatly modifies(C) loudly declares(D) often criticizes053. Secular institutions, of control such as the police and army take the place of religion and family in maintaining order, and a money-based economy prevails. Because of these contrasts, "popular" may be viewed as clearly different from "folk".The word "prevails" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) dominates(B) provides(C) develops(D) invests054. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to discern the subtle atmospheric changes that precede these storms.The word "subtle" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) complex(B) regular(C) imagined(D) slight055. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyzing this large volume of weather information.The word "compile" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) put together(B) look up(C) pile high(D) work over056. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. The word "raw" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) stormy(B) inaccurate(C) uncooked(D) unprocessed057. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos. The word "Prospect" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) regret(B) possibility(C) theory(D) circumstance058. Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth centuries. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. The word "roughly" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) harshly(B) surprisingly (C) slowly(D) approximately059. Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home.The word "magnify" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) solve(B) explain(C) analyze(D) increaseThe word "distinctions" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) differences(B) classes(C) accomplishments(D) characteristics060. In science, a theory is a reasonable explanation of observed events that are related. A theory often involves an imaginary model that helps scientists picture the way an observed event could be produced.The word "related" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) connected(B) described(C) completed(D) identified061. If observations confirm the scientists' predictions, the theory is supported.The word "supported" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) finished(B) adjusted(C) investigated(D) upheld062. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. The phrase "forward-looking" is closest inmeaning to which of following?(A) progressive(B) popular(C) thrifty(D) well-established063. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary.The word "rudimentary" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) growing(B) undeveloped(C) necessary(D) uninteresting064. Aside from perpetuating itself, the sole purpose of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters is to "foster, assist and sustain an interest" in literature, music, and art.The word "sole" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) only(B) honorable(C) common(D) official065. One award subsidizes a promising American writer's visit to Rome. There is even an award for a very good work of fiction that failed commercially-once won by the young John Updike for The Poorhouse Fair and, more recently, by Alice Walker for In Love and Trouble.The word "subsidizes" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) assures(B) finances(C) schedules(D) publishes066. Committee membership rotates every year, so that new voices and opinions are constantly heard.The word "rotates" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) alternates (B) participates(C) decides(D) meets067. One important line of evidence comes from flaking patterns of stone cores used in tool making: implements flaked with a clockwise motion (indicating a right-handed toolmaker) can be distinguished from hose flaked with a counter-clockwise rotation (indicating a left-handed toolmaker) .The word "implements" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) tools(B) designs(C) examples(D) pieces068. Even scratches found on fossil human teeth offer clues. Ancient humans are thought to have cut meat into strips by holding it between their teeth and slicing it with stone knives, as do the present-day Inuit.The word "clues" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) solutions(B) details(C) damage(D) information069. The variation between the hemispheres corresponds to which side of the body is used to perform specific activities. Such studies, as well as studies of tool use, indicate that right-or left-sided dominance is not exclusive to modern Homo sapiens.The word "hemispheres" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) differences(B) sides(C) activities(D) studies070. Plants are subject to attack and infection by a remarkable variety of symbiotic species and have evolved a diverse array of mechanisms designed to frustrate the potential colonists.The phrase "subject to" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) susceptible to(B) classified by(C) attractive to(D) strengthened by071. The external surfaces of plants, in addition to being covered by an epidermis and a waxy cuticle, often carry spiky hairs known as trichomes, which either prevent feeding by insects or may even puncture and kill insect larvae.The word "puncture" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) pierce(B) pinch(C) surround(D) cover072. Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused in a single structure called the column. The word "fused" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) combined(B) hidden(C) fertilized(D) produced073. To lure their pollinators from afar, orchids use appropriately intriguing shapes, colors, and scents. At least 50 different aromatic compounds have been analyzed in the orchid family, each blended to attract one, or at most a few, species of insects or birds.The word "lure" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) attract(B) recognize(C) follow(D) help074. Once the right insect has been attracted, some orchids present all sorts of one-way obstacle courses to make sure it does not leave until pollen has been accurately placed or removed.The word "placed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) estimated (B) measured(C) deposited(D) identified075. By such ingenious adaptations to specific pollinators, orchids have avoided the hazards of rampant crossbreeding in the wild, assuring the survival of species as discrete identities. At the same time they have made themselves irresistible to collectors.The word "discrete" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) complicated(B) separate(C) inoffensive(D) functional076. The public school system suddenly found itself overtaxed. While the number of schoolchildren rose because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope with the flood.The word "overtaxed" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) well prepared(B) plentifully supplied(C) heavily burdened(D) charged too much077. Therefore, in the 1950's and 1960's, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the "custodial rhetoric" of the 1930's and early 1940's no longer made sense; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out of the labor market by keeping them in school could no longer be a high priority for an institution unable to find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen.The word "inadequate" is closest in meaning to which of following?(A) deficient(B) expanded(C) innovative(D) specialized078. With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower。

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