冷读术实战练习案例2011117
瞬间赢得信任的冷读术
對不曾聽說也不曾見面的人， 在完全沒有準備的情況下， 卻能一語說中他的現在、過去和未來，
這，尌是冷讀術。
成功或有人緣的人是自然養成的
請你想像一下，成為溝通達人、大受異性歡迎、工作 有成尌、家庭和工作上的人際關係都很融洽的自己， 是什麼模樣？
沒有人可以相信、沒有人了解自己，這種人生是最 寂寞的。所以人經常在尋找這樣的人，一旦找到了， 尌會覺得自己幸福無比。
希望在聯誼或舞會上，很快能和初見面的人混熟。 希望能與「不好相處的人」愉快交往，並且成為溝通達人。
希望贏得初次見面的人的信任，得以擴大人脈。
有助於工作、戀愛的小技巧
測試與對方距離感的「杯子技巧」
找個和對方一起喝飲料的機會，閒聊一會兒 之後，假裝不經意地把自己的杯子移近對方 的杯子，如果對方沒有移動杯子的話，尌可 說兩人的距離感縮短了。
當然，如果顧客早已經決定要分期付款，那尌另當別 論。如果顧客是在猶豫不決，不知選哪一種才好的階 段，他尌會不由自主地選擇「一次付清的契約書」， 而且不會懷疑那是「自己的想法」，即使一次付清對 業務員是比較有利的。
有助於工作、戀愛的小技巧
如何掛斷難纏的電話
在對方喋喋不休時掛斷電話，他恐怕會因自 尊心受損而惱怒。因此，要邊講邊把電話掛 斷。可以這樣說：「啊，那是投資股票的事 呀，以前也有那種事……」然後突然把電話 掛斷。
有助於工作、戀愛的小技巧
給人好印象的技巧
在自己的背後放置能給人好印象的東西，能 給對方好的印象。當然，與你交談時，對方 是在看你，並不是在看「背景」。然而，從 周邊視野所進來的訊息，反而直接地影響了 對方的潛意識。
雖然不需太神經過敏，但今後只要稍微注意 到「現在我的背後有什麼東西」，尌能做最 佳背景設定而給人好的印象
瞬间赢得别人信任的心理冷读术
瞬间赢得别人信任的心理冷读术1这个世界上没有任何人可以完全了解你自己，包括你自己在内。
虽然我们几乎所有人都清楚这个事实，但我们还是要费劲毕生心力去寻找一个知音。
一旦有天发现有那么一个像是知音的人，我们会立刻把他请进心房。
最后我们却发现，请来了个偷心的贼。
李寻欢说过：敌人嘛，多多益善，而朋友只需要一个就够，但恰恰是这个朋友，比所有敌人加起来还可怕！于是，合群还是独立，成为我们这个时代一个最大的难题。
我们躲在聚会的角落里，抱着一个几乎不会来消息的手机，看着身旁聊的热火朝天的朋友，突然有一种茫然若失的感觉。
我们不断地回忆学生时代的小伙伴们，回忆那段青葱岁月，殊不知只有现在过得不好的人才会缅怀过去。
在见惯了男神女神对你的不屑一顾；领导对其他同事的赏识；父母对别人家孩子的欣赏。
已经一无所有的你，是否愿意改变这个绝望的处境？如果你愿意，那就跟我一起学习冷读术吧！市面上讲沟通技巧的书如黄河之沙，不少爆款文也在强调交流技术。
然而我想说，这样的书和文章不具备改变你人生的冲击力，它们有三个缺点：（1）我们不缺理念，我们缺技术。
大部分文章都有一个响亮的标题，读完除了几个人生故事并没有太多有实质性的东西。
（2）大部分文章都在强调如何与对手进行流畅的交流。
而我要强调的是，输出感情远比输出内容重要。
一旦一个人喜欢你，无论你说什么，他都会做善意的解读。
一个人如果讨厌你，无论你是出于多么好心的提醒，都会被当成驴肝肺。
这点上，我相信大家有相当丰富的经验。
（3）最重要的一点是，比起被动地迎合别人，你更需要主动的呈现自己。
冷读术不仅是一种沟通技术，更是一种对你人格的塑造，让你远离自卑。
2冷读术，至今是一门未有完全公开的技术。
因为，很多人使用了这样的技术获取别人的信任后，往往用于行骗。
我打算公布这个技术的一个重要原因就是，如果我们学习了冷读术，我们同样可以帮助别人和自己不再被骗。
卧虎藏龙里说，剑无善恶，人有正邪。
冷读术，就是在简单了解的基础上，用主动的语言或行为，表达对他人的理解。
冷读术(免费完整版).
不为人知的诈骗话术何谓“冷读术”“在毫无事前准备的情况下，为第一次见面的人算命”这是冷读术（cold reading）的广义定义。
英语里的“cold”含有“毫无准备”的意思，“read”则含有“算命”，“读心”的意思。
能够在事前毫无准备的状况下，即席为陌生人算命，在这层意义上来说，正牌的算命师或是通灵者也可称为“读心者”。
然而，狭义上来说，冷读术是指：“利用心理，语言的特殊手法，让对方以为自己能够解读其人生或是心理的骗人话术。
”也就是冒牌算命师与假通灵者运用的技巧。
冒牌算命师使用的诈骗也分为各种类型，有一种是事先让工作人员去调查咨询者的相关背景，甚至偷偷搜查咨询者的包包，从中窍取资料。
这一类“事先调查”的卑鄙手段，被称为“hot reading”.然而，冷读术是完全没有事先准备，当场利用心，语言上的特殊手法，骗倒对方的话语。
骗子不是“骗人的专家”，而是“赢得他人信赖的专家”！冒牌算命师或假通灵者这些骗子，都是怎么骗人的呢？依照常理来说，应该没有人会相信才第一次见面的可疑人士所说的话。
但是，为什么就有人会轻易相信那些怎么想都很可疑的说词呢？这是因为，骗子都是一开始说真话取得你的信任，然后才开始骗你。
如果这个人的说词一就漏洞百出，任谁都会提高警惕。
但是，因为骗子一开始说的都是真话，就会慢慢让人觉得这个人说的话可以相信。
投资诈骗也一样，即使只是蝇头小利，但初期一定会让你赚钱。
你因为确实有获利回收，自然而然就缷下心防，相信对方，掏出更多的钱来继续投资。
等到你投入大笔资金以后，对方才狠狠敲你一笔，然后捲款而逃。
总之，骗子的哲学就是：先赢得信任，再开始行骗。
越能让对方信任，就能骗得越多。
只要能让对方相信自己值得信赖，接下来的诈欺技巧无论多么拙劣，也都能轻易骗倒对方。
因此，比起行骗的技巧，高明的骗子其实花更多精力在琢磨“赢得信任的技术”。
仔细想想，无论是跑业务或是接待客户，无论是恋爱或是教育，任何形式的沟通，不都是从赢得对方信任开始的吗？从赢得优生优育的技术这个观点来看同，冒牌算命师或是假通灵者这些骗子使用的冷读术，蓍实有许多值得我们学习的部分。
冷读术(免费完整版)
不为人知的诈骗话术何谓“冷读术”“在毫无事前准备的情况下，为第一次见面的人算命”这是冷读术（cold reading）的广义定义。
英语里的“cold”含有“毫无准备”的意思，“read”则含有“算命”，“读心”的意思。
能够在事前毫无准备的状况下，即席为陌生人算命，在这层意义上来说，正牌的算命师或是通灵者也可称为“读心者”。
然而，狭义上来说，冷读术是指：“利用心理，语言的特殊手法，让对方以为自己能够解读其人生或是心理的骗人话术。
”也就是冒牌算命师与假通灵者运用的技巧。
冒牌算命师使用的诈骗也分为各种类型，有一种是事先让工作人员去调查咨询者的相关背景，甚至偷偷搜查咨询者的包包，从中窍取资料。
这一类“事先调查”的卑鄙手段，被称为“hot reading”.然而，冷读术是完全没有事先准备，当场利用心，语言上的特殊手法，骗倒对方的话语。
骗子不是“骗人的专家”，而是“赢得他人信赖的专家”！冒牌算命师或假通灵者这些骗子，都是怎么骗人的呢？依照常理来说，应该没有人会相信才第一次见面的可疑人士所说的话。
但是，为什么就有人会轻易相信那些怎么想都很可疑的说词呢？这是因为，骗子都是一开始说真话取得你的信任，然后才开始骗你。
如果这个人的说词一就漏洞百出，任谁都会提高警惕。
但是，因为骗子一开始说的都是真话，就会慢慢让人觉得这个人说的话可以相信。
投资诈骗也一样，即使只是蝇头小利，但初期一定会让你赚钱。
你因为确实有获利回收，自然而然就缷下心防，相信对方，掏出更多的钱来继续投资。
等到你投入大笔资金以后，对方才狠狠敲你一笔，然后捲款而逃。
总之，骗子的哲学就是：先赢得信任，再开始行骗。
越能让对方信任，就能骗得越多。
只要能让对方相信自己值得信赖，接下来的诈欺技巧无论多么拙劣，也都能轻易骗倒对方。
因此，比起行骗的技巧，高明的骗子其实花更多精力在琢磨“赢得信任的技术”。
仔细想想，无论是跑业务或是接待客户，无论是恋爱或是教育，任何形式的沟通，不都是从赢得对方信任开始的吗？从赢得优生优育的技术这个观点来看同，冒牌算命师或是假通灵者这些骗子使用的冷读术，蓍实有许多值得我们学习的部分。
冷读术，一项危险的技能（上）
冷读术，一项危险的技能（上）窥视人心冷读术的开创者石井裕之老师这样定义冷读术:“在事先没有准备的情况之下，读取对方的心理，并预言未来的事。
”正因为冷读术具有这样的作用，所以它成了冒牌算命师和一些骗子的常用手段。
不过，在我们的日常生活和工作中，不管是为了讨得别人欢心，还是为了恰当地包装自己，亦或是为了自我保护，我们都需要利用冷读术与他人巧妙地交往，这样我们的生活才会更加顺利和惬意。
这时候，冷读术就不再是一种危险的技能了，而是一种让我们瞬间赢得他人信任的社交技巧。
冷度的力量我们的目标不是说更多的话，而是追求更大的效果，成为生活的掌控者。
看看下面的例子，你就会知道自己是怎样不知不觉丢掉了本属于自己的话语权了。
“太太，您的气色真不错，是遇到什么高兴的事儿了吗?”“是的，我将有一个长假。
”“听起来真不错，这让您看上去更加年轻了，可以看出来您是个感情丰富的人，拥有让周围的人开心的能力。
”“是这样吗?”“您看，您是不是自已都忽略这一点了，或者还没有完全展示出来。
”“或许吧!”“等一下，您看起来没有休息好，是因为工作忙眼睛有些疲劳吗?”“还好吧。
”“如果您不介意的话，可以尝试一下这个品牌的眼霜。
”这是一个利用冷读技巧的沟通陷阱。
推销员首先通过读心技巧，猜中对方的心思，与这位女士建立信任关系，然后再完成对产品的推销。
如果你还不太信任这种冷读技巧的话，我们可以再举一个生活中的例子。
“明天不能见面了，有个紧急会议!”“难道你忘记明天是我的生日了?”“当然没有，我是打算临近午夜再来为你庆祝生日。
”“呵呵，好吧。
”怎么样，对方是不是就这样心甘情愿地被“俘虏”了?这是一种语言换框的沟通技巧。
在冷读术中，通过转换情境、意义等语言框架，进而改变沟通对象的内心体验，从而让冷读者轻松地获得话语的主导权。
谁是出卖自己的人冷读术的奥秘在于利用人类的心理弱点，唤起人们内心深处的记忆，看似猜中了心思，从而与对方建立起心境相联的亲密关系。
为了解开其中的逻辑关系，各位不妨思考一个问题：镜子中的自己与现实中的自己相比，哪个更英俊或美丽?心理学给了我们答案——因为人们每天看到的都是镜子中的自己，日久生情，所以人们更容易喜欢上镜子中的自己。
冷读术(免费完整版).
不为人知的诈骗话术何谓“冷读术”“在毫无事前准备的情况下，为第一次见面的人算命”这是冷读术（cold reading）的广义定义。
英语里的“cold”含有“毫无准备”的意思，“read”则含有“算命”，“读心”的意思。
能够在事前毫无准备的状况下，即席为陌生人算命，在这层意义上来说，正牌的算命师或是通灵者也可称为“读心者”。
然而，狭义上来说，冷读术是指：“利用心理，语言的特殊手法，让对方以为自己能够解读其人生或是心理的骗人话术。
”也就是冒牌算命师与假通灵者运用的技巧。
冒牌算命师使用的诈骗也分为各种类型，有一种是事先让工作人员去调查咨询者的相关背景，甚至偷偷搜查咨询者的包包，从中窍取资料。
这一类“事先调查”的卑鄙手段，被称为“hot reading”.然而，冷读术是完全没有事先准备，当场利用心，语言上的特殊手法，骗倒对方的话语。
骗子不是“骗人的专家”，而是“赢得他人信赖的专家”！冒牌算命师或假通灵者这些骗子，都是怎么骗人的呢？依照常理来说，应该没有人会相信才第一次见面的可疑人士所说的话。
但是，为什么就有人会轻易相信那些怎么想都很可疑的说词呢？这是因为，骗子都是一开始说真话取得你的信任，然后才开始骗你。
如果这个人的说词一就漏洞百出，任谁都会提高警惕。
但是，因为骗子一开始说的都是真话，就会慢慢让人觉得这个人说的话可以相信。
投资诈骗也一样，即使只是蝇头小利，但初期一定会让你赚钱。
你因为确实有获利回收，自然而然就缷下心防，相信对方，掏出更多的钱来继续投资。
等到你投入大笔资金以后，对方才狠狠敲你一笔，然后捲款而逃。
总之，骗子的哲学就是：先赢得信任，再开始行骗。
越能让对方信任，就能骗得越多。
只要能让对方相信自己值得信赖，接下来的诈欺技巧无论多么拙劣，也都能轻易骗倒对方。
因此，比起行骗的技巧，高明的骗子其实花更多精力在琢磨“赢得信任的技术”。
仔细想想，无论是跑业务或是接待客户，无论是恋爱或是教育，任何形式的沟通，不都是从赢得对方信任开始的吗？从赢得优生优育的技术这个观点来看同，冒牌算命师或是假通灵者这些骗子使用的冷读术，蓍实有许多值得我们学习的部分。
冷读！一种迅速攻破女人心的神奇法术
冷读！一种迅速攻破女人心的神奇法术在追逐爱的路上，太多的男生死在一件事情上请输入图片描述：不懂女人！我们经常会听到这样的话：你不懂我，我们分手吧！很多男生此时的内心独白是：你要什么？你告诉我我不就懂了嘛！学长手动摊手地告诉你：其实，她们很多时候也不懂自己要什么！女人心，海底针！女人的心思真的就这么难猜吗？难道就没有方法能够读懂女人心吗？佛洛依德认为：人的言行举止只有少部分受自己的意识控制，大部分都是由潜意识所主宰而且是主动的运作，但人却没有观察到。
所以，这就解释了为什么女人也说不出来自己想要什么？但是如果你能读懂妹纸潜意识中的需求，那妹纸会不会觉得你很懂她呢？可能有人会说：学长，你别开玩笑了，这么明显的需求都读不懂，怎么可能读懂妹纸潜意识中的需求呢？那学长告诉你：还真有方法能够让你读懂妹纸的内心想法，而且这种方法不只是对一种女人有用，可以说是对所有女人都有用！请输入图片描述总会有人一句话就能击穿妹纸的内心，让妹纸觉得：哇，你好懂我哦！没有人天生是行家，成功肯定是有方法的！万事万物都有规律，读懂女人心也是。
今天，学长就跟大家讲一个神秘的法术——冷读术！学长之前在节目和文章里，都专门介绍过冷读术，这个神乎其乎的法术，力量之邪魅，让人为之痴狂！有传言：“只要掌握了冷读术，就能彻底征服妹纸”，所以很多人夸张地将“冷读术”推崇为跟妹纸聊天的“神技”，坊间也流传很多“冷读术”的套路，冷读甚至被算命先生看作是“不传之术”。
学长研究“冷读术”多年，而且精于实战，深知其威力！但是，因为“冷读术”的威力太强，所以学长一般不愿意跟人提及太多！但是，招架不住小伙伴们的苦苦相求，学长本着让大家“学会爱”的心态，考虑再三，决定向小伙伴倾囊相授。
说起来，“冷读术”是一种“潜意识操控术”，它能够迅速和陌生人建立信任，并且非常容易地俘获妹纸芳心，甚至能够让妹纸爱得你不可自拔。
说了半天，还是来看个例子吧：你可以对一个刚认识的女孩说：“你不太能对人敞开心胸，经常会被人误解是个闷骚的人，其实你的感情丰富而且很能逗人开心，是个极有魅力的人，只是还没有完全展现出来。
您输入的字符我们暂不支持
IAEA-TECDOC-1182Quality assurance standards: comparison between IAEA 50-C/SG-Qand ISO 9001:1994November 2000The originating Section of this publication in the IAEA was:Nuclear Power Engineering SectionInternational Atomic Energy AgencyWagramer Strasse 5P.O. Box 100A-1400 Vienna, AustriaQUALITY ASSURANCE STANDARDS: COMPARISON BETWEEN IAEA 50-C/SG-Q AND ISO 9001:1994IAEA, VIENNA, 2000IAEA-TECDOC-1182ISSN 1011–4289© IAEA, 2000Printed by the IAEA in AustriaNovember 2000FOREWORDThe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) agreement regarding the scope and coverage of documents published by both organizations points out that the standards of safety developed by the IAEA are recommendations for use by its Member States in the framework of national regulations for the safe utilization of nuclear energy. Such standards should be considered as nuclear safety regulatory documents. The standards developed by the ISO are complementary technical documents emphasizing industrial application and contractual aspects. Regarding the quality assurance topic, the IAEA standards 50-C/SG-Q are mostly used directly or indirectly to establish the nuclear safety requirements at the utility–regulatory interface. The industrial ISO 9001 standards have progressively been used to implement the quality assurance requirements at the interface utility–supplier.The relationship between both standards is growing in significance owing to the impact upon the owners/operators of nuclear facilities and their contractors/suppliers. The relationship between the IAEA and ISO standards is considered critical, in particular regarding suppliers with a small range of nuclear supplies. These organizations are not always willing to prepare special quality assurance programmes based on nuclear safety standards. On the other hand, these organizations may be qualified on the basis of the ISO quality assurance standards. In any case, for delivering nuclear items and services the quality assurance programme must comply with the requirements established in the nuclear safety regulatory standards. This implies that the utility–supplier will have to demonstrate that the acceptable degree of quality assurance in relation to nuclear safety is accomplished. This may be achieved by imposing additional requirements on the supplier over and above those contained within the ISO.In order to provide a description of the differences between the IAEA and ISO standards when applied in nuclear installations, and to support the practical way of fulfilling nuclear safety, the IAEA established a project for producing a guidance report. Valuable contributions from the European Atomic Forum (FORATOM) were committed and contractual arrangements made, with the target of finalizing the report in the shortest feasible timeframe commensurable with available resources.The issue as to which ISO 9001 standard should be used for the comparison, i.e. the current version 1994 or future version 2000, was discussed quite extensively by the members of the initial consultants meeting held in Vienna in January 1999. The consultants recommended proceeding with the use of ISO 9001 version 1994 on the grounds that some time would still be needed before the next version 2000 is adopted and effectively implemented. In the meantime guidance based upon the ISO 9001 version 1994 was considered to be applicable and the efforts expended in the preparation of the guidance report worthwhile. The report will subsequently be updated to include the new ISO 9001 version 2000 standard.In thanking the contributors to this report, the IAEA wishes to acknowledge the efforts and assistance provided by FORATOM and by the participants at the preparatory and review meetings, who are listed at the end of the report. Special acknowledgement is due to K.-P. Kleinert (Germany), E. Glauser (Switzerland), M. Hille (Germany) and N. Redman (United Kingdom) for their contributions. The IAEA officer responsible for this work was N. Pieroni of the Division of Nuclear Power.EDITORIAL NOTEThe use of particul ar designations of countries or territories does not impl y any judgement by the publ isher, the IAEA, as to the l egal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries.The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA.CONTENTS1. INTRODUCTION (1)1.1. Background (1)1.2. Objective (1)1.3. Scope (1)2. STANDARDS USED IN THE COMPARISON (1)2.1. IAEA Code and Safety Guides on Quality Assurance 50-C/SG-Q (1)2.2. Quality System Standard ISO 9001:1994 (3)3. MAJOR DIFFERENCES AND LINKAGES (4)3.1. IAEA Code 50-C-Q basic requirements and IAEA Safety Guides50-SG-Q1 to Q14 (4)3.2. IAEA Code 50-C-Q basic requirements and clauses of ISO 9001:1994 (4)3.2.1. Underlying approaches (4)3.2.2. Identification of the customer (4)3.2.3. Additional requirements (5)3.3. Linkages between the IAEA Safety Guides 50-SG-Q1 to Q14 andclauses of ISO 9001:1994 (7)4. GUIDANCE WHEN USING ISO 9001:1994 (8)4.1. Additional requirements of the IAEA Code 50-C-Q (8)4.2. Additional guidance of the IAEA Safety Guides (11)APPENDIX: CORRELATION MATRICES (21)Matrix 1: IAEA Code 50-C-Q basic requirements coverage in the IAEASafety Guides 50-SG-Q1 to Q14 (21)Matrix 2: Correlation between the clauses of ISO 9001:1994 and the IAEA Code50-C-Q basic requirements (22)Matrix 3: Correlation between the clauses of ISO 9001:1994 and the IAEA SafetyGuides 50-SG-Q1 to Q14 (23)REFERENCES (24)CONTRIBUTORS TO DRAFTING AND REVIEW (25)IAEA PUBLICATIONS ON QUALITY ASSURANCE/QUALITY MANAGEMENT (27).1. INTRO DUCTIO N1.1. BackgroundThe International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Code and Safety Guides contained in the Safety Series No. 50-C/SG-Q [1] define basic quality assurance requirements, which must be considered to ensure safety, and provides recommendations on how to fulfil these basic requirements. The IAEA 50-C/SG-Q standard reflects the performance based approach to quality assurance covering all aspects of plant safety, economics and efficiency. The IAEA requirements and recommendations are generally used at the nuclear utility–regulator interface.The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) International Standard ISO 9001:1994 [2] specifies quality system requirements for use where any supplier’s capability to design and supply a conforming product needs to be demonstrated. The requirements specified are aimed primarily at achieving customer satisfaction by preventing non-conformity at all stages from design through to servicing. The ISO 9001:1994 standard is sometimes used at the nuclear utility–supplier interface.1.2. O bjectiveThe objective of this report is to compare the requirements of IAEA 50-C/SG-Q (1996) [1] with ISO 9001:1994 [2] in order to identify the main differences and additional requirements contained within [1]. The report also provides information and guidance, which may be considered when ISO 9001:1994 is utilized by the nuclear industry.1.3. ScopeThe comparison is made with the following publications:IAEA Safety Series No. 50-C/SG-Q (1996), Quality Assurance for Safety in Nuclear Power Plants and other Nuclear Installations, Code and Safety Guides Q1–Q14 [1].ISO 9001:1994, Quality Systems — Model for Quality Assurance in Design, Development, Production, Installation and Servicing [2].ISO 9002:1994, Quality Systems — Model for Quality Assurance in Production, Installation and Servicing [3].ISO 9003:1994, Quality Systems — Model for Quality Assurance in Final Inspection and Test [4].Throughout this report, the comparison discussed is the comparison against ISO 9001:1994 only, as it contains all the requirements contained in ISO 9002:1994 and ISO 9003:1994. Suppliers, utilities, regulatory bodies, as well as research and development organizations could use this report when considering using ISO 9001:1994 to procure items and services for use in the nuclear industry.2. STANDARDS USED IN THE COMPARISON2.1. IAEA Code and Safety Guides on Quality Assurance 50-C/SG-QThe IAEA Safety Series includes one Code 50-C-Q on quality assurance and 14 related Safety Guides 50-SG-Q1 to Q14 [1].The quality assurance Code 50-C-Q establishes the basic requirements that must be met to ensure adequate safety of nuclear power plants and other nuclear installations.The Code consists of 10 basic requirements (BR) to be adopted by the responsible organization as the foundation for establishing and implementing a comprehensive quality assurance programme related to the safety of nuclear power plants. The basic requirements are presented in three functional categories:I. ManagementBR 1: Quality Assurance ProgrammeBR 2: Training and QualificationBR 3: Non-Conformance Control and Corrective ActionsBR 4: Document Control and RecordsII. PerformanceBR 5: WorkBR 6: DesignBR 7: ProcurementBR 8: Inspection and Testing for AcceptanceIII. AssessmentBR 9: Management Self-AssessmentBR 10: Independent AssessmentThe Code includes an annex, which provides guidance to aid the understanding and implementation of the basic requirements. The content of this annex is included in this comparison.The Safety Guides describe acceptable methods of implementing particular parts of the Code. The Safety Guides 50-SG-Q1 to Q14 are one of two types:· Basic requirement related Safety GuidesThese Safety Guides provide recommendations and guidance on how to fulfil the basic requirements of the Code that are relevant in all of the life-cycle stages of nuclear power plants and other nuclear installations.The BR related guides are:Safety Guide Q1: Establishing and Implementing a Quality Assurance ProgrammeSafety Guide Q2: Non-conformance Control and Corrective ActionsSafety Guide Q3: Document Control and RecordsSafety Guide Q4: Inspection and Testing for AcceptanceSafety Guide Q5: Assessment of the Implementation of the Quality Assurance Programme Safety Guide Q6: Quality Assurance in Procurement of Items and ServicesSafety Guide Q7: Quality Assurance in Manufacturing· Stage related Safety GuidesThese Safety Guides provide specific recommendations and guidance on how to implement the Code during the different life-cycle stages of nuclear power plants and other nuclear installations.The Stage related guides are:Safety Guide Q8: Quality Assurance in Research and DevelopmentSafety Guide Q9: Quality Assurance in SitingSafety Guide Q10: Quality Assurance in Design (this specific guide may also be used as a BR related Guide when the design activities are carried out in any stage). Safety Guide Q11: Quality Assurance in ConstructionSafety Guide Q12: Quality Assurance in CommissioningSafety Guide Q13: Quality Assurance in OperationSafety Guide Q14: Quality Assurance in Decommissioning2.2. Quality System Standard ISO 9001:1994The ISO 9001:1994 standard defines the requirements for a quality management system in clauses 4.1 to 4.20. The clauses are sequentially numbered to reflect the sequence of events and activities supporting production, from developing the quality policy to the after sales service.The clauses of ISO 9001:1994 are:4.1 Management Responsibility4.2 Quality System4.3 Contract Review4.4 Design Control4.5 Document and Data Control4.6 Purchasing4.7 Control of Customer-Supplied Product4.8 Product Identification and Traceability4.9 Process Control4.10 Inspection and Testing4.11 Control of Inspection, Measuring and Test Equipment4.12 Inspection and Test Status4.13 Control of Nonconforming Product4.14 Corrective and Preventive Action4.15 Handling, Storage, Packaging, Preservation and Delivery4.16 Control of Quality Records4.17 Internal Quality Audits4.18 Training4.19 Servicing4.20 Statistical TechniquesThese 20 clauses have a relationship with and are comparable to the 10 basic requirements of the IAEA Code 50-C-Q. The ISO 9001:1994 standard, however, does not give any guidance or recommendations on how the defined requirements can be implemented.3. MAJOR DIFFERENCES AND LINKAGES3.1. IAEA Code 50-C-Q basic requirements and IAEA Safety Guides 50-SG-Q1 to Q14While the IAEA Code 50-C-Q specifies the ten basic requirements for quality assurance in nuclear power plants and other nuclear installations, the Safety Guides provide recommendations relative to the fulfilment of these basic requirements for different topics and life-cycle stages. An overview showing how each Safety Guide addresses the basic requirements is given in the Appendix: Matrix 1.3.2. IAEA Code 50-C-Q basic requirements and clauses of ISO 9001:1994The linkages between the ten basic requirements of the IAEA Code 50-C-Q and the 20 clauses of ISO 9001:1994 are provided in the Appendix: Matrix 2. In general the basic requirements of the IAEA Code 50-C-Q are addressed by one or more clauses of ISO 9001:1994. However the IAEA Safety Guides provide more detailed and comprehensive guidance and recommendations on how to implement the basic requirements of the IAEA Code.Each basic requirement of the IAEA Code 50-C-Q addresses one or more of the clauses of ISO 9001:1994. However there are some significant differences in the approaches, identification of the customer and additional requirements.3.2.1. Underlying approachesThe IAEA Code 50-C-Q provides the basic requirements to be adopted for establishing and implementing quality assurance programmes related to the safety of nuclear power plants and other nuclear installations. These basic requirements apply to the overall quality assurance programme of the responsible organization, i.e. the organization having overall responsibility for the nuclear power plant, as well as to any other separate quality assurance programmes in each stage of the life of a nuclear power plant.The objective of the IAEA Code is to establish basic requirements for quality assurance in order to enhance nuclear safety by continuously improving the methods employed to achieve quality. The Code recognizes that all work is a process that can be planned, performed, assessed and improved.The quality assurance model set out in ISO 9001:1994 provides the framework for the quality assurance programme of a supplier, which enables the supplier to demonstrate the capability to produce a quality product and provides a vehicle for assessment by external parties. The requirements specified are aimed primarily at achieving customer satisfaction by preventing non-conformity at all stages from design to servicing. They are generic and independent of any specific industry sector.The comparison suggests that the IAEA Code 50-C-Q is a top-down approach focused on meeting the overall safety requirements for the plant, personnel and the society in general whilst ISO 9001:1994 is a bottom-up approach focusing on satisfying the specific requirements of the immediate customer.3.2.2. Identification of the customerThe nuclear utility in meeting national regulatory requirements satisfies the safety requirements of its customer: society at large. The regulator, representing the customer in thiscase, utilizes the IAEA Code 50-C-Q to define the requirements for the quality assurance programme of its supplier, the nuclear utility. The nuclear utility also fulfils the role of the customer utilizing, where appropriate, ISO 9001:1994 plus any additional requirements to define the quality assurance programme of its suppliers of items and services. The supplier satisfies the nuclear utility (the customer) by supplying a quality product. (See Figure 1)_______ Requirement path............... Satisfaction pathFig. 1: Application of IAEA Code 50-C-Q and ISO 9001:1994.3.2.3. Additional requirements 3.2.3.1. Management self-assessmentThe IAEA Code 50-C-Q defines specific requirements for “Management self-assessment”, an activity not required by ISO 9001:1994.“Manag ement at all levels shall reg ularly assess the processes for which it is responsible. Manag ement shall determine its effectiveness in establishing , promoting and achieving nuclear safety objectives. Management process weaknesses and barriers that hinder the achievement of the nuclear safety objectives shall be identified and corrected.” (Section 401)Regulator (Customer) Supplier (Items or Services)This statement in the Code is further clarified in the Annex:“The thrust of manag ement self-assessment is to identify, correct and prevent management problems that hinder the achievement of the organization's objectives. This Code establishes the requirement for a routine and continuing assessment of the management system by the organization's managers.This self-assessment methodology is in addition to the traditional audit/appraisal that determines the adequacy and extent of the QA programme development, documentation and implementation in accordance with specified requirements. This basic requirement improves on the standard stipulation in many QA prog rammes, which requires that management regularly assess the adequacy of the portion of the programme for which it is responsible and ensure its effective implementation. This standard requirement is typically achieved, on an annual basis, by an independent consultant or g roup of consultants on behalf of management, and it addresses compliance issues rather than broad categ ories of manag ement issues. Manag ement self-assessment g oes beyond such matters as conformance to regulations, item standards or established procedures.An effective management self-assessment evaluates issues such as:— mission of the organization— whether employees understand the mission— what is expected of the organization— whether the expectations are being met— opportunities for improving quality and enhancement safety— how to make better use of human resources.The results of the management self-assessment are documented. Decisions and related actions resulting from the recommendations are promptly followed up to evaluate their effectiveness.The assessment process involves all levels of manag ement, but senior manag ement retains the overall responsibility for manag ement self-assessments. It is essential that senior management directly participate in this process.”3.2.3.2. GradingThe IAEA QA Code 50-C-Q recommends a graded approach for the application of quality assurance during the various stages of a nuclear power plant life cycle.All items, services and processes have various controls built in to ensure they perform correctly. The grading process is a means of determining what types and extent of controls are applied to specific items, services and processes.Applying controls costs money, therefore they should be applied and focused where necessary and not applied or applied to a lesser degree for less important activities. Errors in more significant activities can potentially cost huge amounts of money, could shut down a plant or production line and could cause a threat to the staff and the environment. Additional controls that may reduce or eliminate such errors are therefore a good investment.“Nuclear safety shall be the fundamental consideration in the identification of the items, services and processes to which the quality assurance prog ramme applies. A g raded approach based on the relative importance to nuclear safety of each item, service orprocess shall be used. The g raded approach shall reflect a planned and recog nized difference in the applications of specific quality assurance requirements.In g eneral, the hig hest g rade should require the most string ent application of the quality assurance requirements; the lowest grade the least stringent.The following are examples of topic areas where grading should be applied:— Type and content of training— Amount of detail and degree of review and approval of instructions— Need for and detail of inspection plans,— Degree of in-process reviews and controls,— Requirements for material traceability— Type of assessment,— Records to be generated and retained. (Section 210).When items, processes or services are modified, the assigned grade of quality assurance requirements could become more string ent or less string ent depending on whether a change in nuclear safety significance has occurred.” (Section 211)Safety Guide 50-SG-Q1 explains what the “graded approach” in relation to nuclear safety means:“Whilst the quality assurance principles remain the same, the extent to which the quality assurance requirements are to be applied shall be consistent with the importance to nuclear safety of the item, service or process. A graded approach which can satisfy the necessary requirements and ensure the required quality and safety shall be used.” (Section 209)ISO 9001:1994 does not specify or define a graded approach for applying the controls specified in the quality system.3.2.3.3. Independence of inspection and testing personnelThe IAEA Code 50-C-Q requires that inspection and testing of specified items, services and processes shall be conducted using established acceptance and performance criteria. The level of inspection and testing and the degree of independence of personnel shall be established.ISO 9001:1994 does not specifically cover the independence of inspection and testing personnel.3.3. Linkages between the IAEA Safety Guides 50-SG-Q1 to Q14 and clauses of ISO9001:1994The linkages between the content of the IAEA Safety Guides and the ISO clauses are presented in the Appendix: Matrix 3.Matrix 3 supports the following observations:· The IAEA Safety Guides do not directly consider the customer-related requirements of ISO 9001 defined in Clauses 4.3 Contract Review, 4.7 Control of Customer-Supplied Product and 4.19 Servicing.· Similar requirements defined under the clauses ‘management responsibility’ and ‘quality system’ in ISO 9001 can be found in all of the Safety Guides.· Stage related Safety Guides in general address the majority of subjects in the ISO clauses.4. GUIDANCE WHEN USING ISO 9001:1994A detailed comparison of the IAEA Code 50-C-Q and BR related Safety Guides with ISO 9001:1994 to identify all additional requirements and guidance was carried out. In this comparison the annexes of the IAEA publications 50-C/SG-Q have not been considered as they contain examples illustrative of how the guidance could be implemented. The stage related Safety Guides, with exception of the Safety Guide “Quality Assurance in Design” (50-SG-Q10), were not included in this comparison as they provide specific recommendations for the content of the quality systems at each of the life-cycle stages. The Safety Guide 50-SG-Q10 was included as it provides guidance that may be relevant to the design activity of all stages.The detailed results of the comparison are included in Sections 4.1 and 4.2. These sections identify additional requirements or guidance found in the IAEA publications 50-C/SG-Q that are not found in ISO 9001:1994. Where the additional requirement or guidance is not self-explanatory some additional notes on application to suppliers are provided.The application of additional requirements or guidance from the IAEA Code and Safety Guides 50-C/SG-Q should be considered by the nuclear utility from two points of view:— Should the nuclear power plant/utility address this difference within its own quality assurance programme?— Should the nuclear power plant/utility require its suppliers to address the difference as an additional requirement in the procurement documents?The consideration should also take into account the regulatory requirements of each Member State.4.1. Additional requirements of the IAEA Code 50-C-QThe following table identifies additional or more detailed requirements in the IAEA Code 50-C-Q that are not contained within ISO 9001:1994.Section Additional Requirement Notes to aid application101 to 108 Introduction104 The responsible organization has to demonstrate the effective fulfilment of the quality assurancerequirements to the satisfaction of the regulatorybody… The utility should demonstrate that its quality programme takes account of and incorporates any requirements from the regulatory body. The utility should require its suppliers to apply any of these specific requirements where necessary.201 to 205 BR 1: Quality Assurance Programme204 Nuclear safety shall be the fundamentalconsideration in the identification of the items,services and processes to which the qualityassurance programme applies. A gradedapproach based on the relative importance tonuclear safety of each item, service or processshall be used. The graded approach shall reflecta planned and recognized difference in theapplications of specific quality assurancerequirements. The graded approach for activities and items, including procurement, should be described within the utility quality programme. The application of grading to supplier activities should be clarified. The utility should consider whether its supplier should adopt complimentary grading and provide guidance.Section Additional Requirement Notes to aid application 206 BR 2: Training and Qualification206 Personnel shall be trained and qualified so thatthey are competent to perform their assignedwork and understand the safety consequences oftheir activities. The utility should identify personnel involved with safety matters and provide the related training and qualification programme. The utility should notify its suppliers when their personnel are involved with safety matters and ensure they are trained appropriately.206 to 208 BR 3: Non-Conformance Control andCorrective Actions Non-conformance (as per IAEA Code 50-C-Q) covers non-conforming product, system and process non-conformity as per the ISO standard.304 to 305 BR 6: Design305 The adequacy of design, including design tools and design inputs and outputs shall be verifiedor validated by individuals or groups other thanthose who originally performed the work.Verification, validation and approval shall becompleted before implementation of the design. The utility quality programme addressing design should specify that persons in charge of safety related design verification and validation should be different from those performing the work. The utility should notify the relevant requirements to suppliers when they perform safety related design activities. Any design verification and approval should be performed before implementation of design. Generally design validation is performed through commissioning under defined operating conditions and specific dispositions should be applied for accidental conditions.Annex …Design inputs include all requirements for thedesign, such as the technical bases for thedesign (design basis), performancerequirements, reliability requirements, andsafety and security requirements. …... Computer programs used in design arevalidated through testing or simulation prior touse if not proven through previous use.—306 to 308 BR 7: Procurement Suppliers in IAEA terms are equivalent tosubcontractors.308 Requirements for reporting deviations fromprocurement requirements shall be specified inthe procurement documents. The option contained within ISO 9001:1994 for reporting deviations (non-conforming product) should be identified as being necessary.309 to 310 BR 8: Inspection and Testing for Acceptance309 Inspection and testing of specified items,services and processes shall be conducted usingestablished acceptance and performance criteria.The level of inspection and testing and thedegree of independence of personnel shall beestablished. It is recommended that utilities request suppliers to include this requirement in their quality programme, when appropriate.401 BR 9: Management Self-Assessment Management Self-Assessment is more complexand detailed than the ISO Management-Review.Management Self-Assessment focuses on theachievement of the nuclear safety objectives.Although ISO 9001:1994 covers themanagement review and internal audit processesit does not cover management self-assessment.(It is therefore recommended that suppliersproviding items and services to ISO Standardalso include management self-assessment intheir quality assurance programme.)。
冷读术聊天案例
冷读术聊天案例冷读术是一种心理学技巧，可以帮助人们在社交场合中更好地与他人进行交流。
通过观察对方的言行举止，运用一些心理学原理，可以更好地了解对方的内心世界，从而更好地进行沟通和交流。
在聊天中使用冷读术，可以让对话更加流畅和有趣，下面就来看一些冷读术在聊天中的案例。
1. 观察对方的言行举止。
在聊天中，我们可以通过观察对方的言行举止来进行冷读。
比如，对方在聊天中提到了喜欢的电影或音乐，我们可以根据这些信息来推测对方的性格特点或者内心世界。
如果对方喜欢看悬疑电影，我们可以说，“你应该是一个喜欢挑战和解谜的人吧，喜欢思考和探索未知的事物。
”这样的话题可以让对方感到被理解和认同，从而拉近彼此的距离。
2. 运用心理学原理。
冷读术还可以运用一些心理学原理来进行分析和推断。
比如，我们可以通过对方的言行举止来推测他的情绪状态，然后通过一些技巧来调动对方的情绪，让对话更加顺畅和愉快。
比如，如果对方在聊天中表现得有些沮丧，我们可以说，“最近的天气真是让人情绪低落啊，你是不是也觉得有些郁闷？”这样的话题可以让对方感到被理解和关心，从而改变他的情绪状态。
3. 让对话更加流畅和有趣。
在聊天中使用冷读术，可以让对话更加流畅和有趣。
通过观察对方的言行举止，我们可以更好地了解对方的兴趣爱好和性格特点，从而找到更多共同话题，让对话更加愉快和有趣。
比如，如果对方喜欢旅行，我们可以说，“你一定是一个喜欢冒险和探索的人吧，有没有什么有趣的旅行经历可以分享一下？”这样的话题可以让对方感到被理解和认同，从而更加投入到对话中。
4. 注意言行一致。
在使用冷读术进行聊天时，我们需要注意言行一致，避免让对方感到不自在或者被误解。
我们可以通过一些技巧来引导对话，让对方更加愿意分享自己的内心世界，从而更好地进行沟通和交流。
比如，如果对方在聊天中表现得有些紧张，我们可以说，“你看起来有些紧张，是不是因为对这个话题特别感兴趣？”这样的话题可以让对方感到被理解和关心，从而放松下来，更加愿意与我们进行交流。
瞬间赢得心仪女生的冷读术
瞬间赢得心仪女生的冷读术你是不是很好奇什么是冷读术?冷读术就是一一种能在完全不了解对方的情况下，通过一些细微的表情变化或行为动作猜出对方心思的神奇技术!简而言之，冷读是一种使人相信“这个人知道我的事”的技巧，可以让女生觉得“遇到知音”，赢得女生的信任，还能够瞬间激起她的兴趣，让你读懂她的心理，具有一种神秘感，让她对你产生信任感。
其实，冷读术并不是读心术，这些结论都是通过观察得出的，所有的心理信息都是她“主动”告诉你的，只是她自己浑然不觉而已。
冷读术的厉害之处就是运用者能够捉住这些信息，让人觉得他了解自己内心深处从来没和别人说过的些秘密。
冷读注意事项避免绝对化的表达些绝对性的词语，如“永远”“完全”' 肯定” “绝对”是不能用的。
你需要用一些比较模糊的词语和语句，如“你有时.....“你时这样，一一时那样.”.. 等。
1. 一定要自信在读对方心理的时候一定要自信,你要对自己所说的东西深信，不疑，这种自信心是可以传染的，当你自己都相信的时候，对方也会更容易相信。
2. 避免消极和悲观的预测如果你对别人进行消极的冷读，就等于给对方带来些负面的能量，别人就会从内心抗拒你、排斥你。
同理，悲观的预测也会让对方觉得不开心，因为这也是种负面信息。
3.不要像个“神算子”关注更精彩我们的目的是通过聊天互动拉近感情，吸引对方，让对方对目已敞开心扉。
如果让对方觉得你是一一个“神算子”，这对你们的交往是没有多大好处的，可能还会引起对方的反感。
在互动的前五五分钟内可以运用的冷读如果感觉对方是个比较理智、成熟、冷静、稳重的人，多数是家里的老大或者有经历的人:男:你应该是家里比较大的姐姐吧?女:为什么这样说?上定大出剪的个危分男:完全看得出来。
书市，园国来人贵复由女:为什么?男:因为你说话的时候带着种天生保护别人的感觉，我觉得你应该是一个比较会体谅人的人，应该会是: -个好妈妈。
因为人都有双面性，随着你们沟通的增加，对这类型的人你可以延续这个话题:“可能很多人在刚开始接触你的时候都会觉得你比较理性，总保持着成熟的面，但我看得出来其实你挺小女生的，你希望别人多迁就你，多疼你。
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冷读术实战练习案例2011117 （非常之蓝收集）
作者：刀歌剑笑
时间：2007年11月25日。
地点：家中。
道具：练习技巧：冷读术
对象：晨曦（网名）
年龄：30（本人23）
认识方式：此人在qq群里说话，但是群里没什么人响应，于是申请加好好友。
聊天纪录：刀歌剑笑14:30:14 hi 刀歌剑笑14:33:08 刚才群里看到你说话晨曦14:33:33 是的，你也在群里吗，你发的图没有打开，刀歌剑笑14:33:57 恩,我在群里很长时间了刀歌剑笑14:34:05 只是最近不经常说话晨曦14:34:33 怎么了，我也不常上网，刀歌剑笑14:35:00 刚无意中看到你说话感觉你好像有心事所以就主动找你聊聊晨曦14:35:34 心事很多，也不知道从何时说起，反正说也说不清楚，刀歌剑笑14:36:22 看来你现在的心情就像是缠乱了的毛线团刀歌剑笑14:37:18 我猜跟人有关,而且是男人晨曦14:39:25 哈哈，你真有趣，刀歌剑笑14:39:57 我很高兴你是这么觉得
晨曦14:40:15 谢谢，刀歌剑笑14:41:06 不用客气我喜欢做一个让人开心的人刀歌剑笑(39187924) 16:07:37 晨曦14:41:41 有些事是很难开心的，刀歌剑笑14:41:42 我23, 你今年多大了? 晨曦14:41:49 天啊，我30 刀歌剑笑14:42:15 呵呵,那就把不开心的事情跟我说说.不管什么问题只要还能说出来,就不是问题刀歌剑笑14:42:38 和你聊天,真感觉不出你有30,看来你有很年轻的心态晨曦14:43:10 我是有年轻的心态但是这两年心事多了，刀歌剑笑14:43:57 是什么让你心情变得沉重起来? 晨曦14:44:51 你还小说了也不明白，刀歌剑笑14:45:10 你真觉得一个23岁的男人是小孩么? 晨曦14:46:13 应该说我们在一起有话说，因为我心态很好，可是有些事你真的不明白，刀歌剑笑14:46:26 一个人的成长是看年龄,但成熟与否是看经历刀歌剑笑14:47:08 我把你当成可以平等交流的人,如果你抱着先入为主的想法,我会很遗憾的晨曦14:47:54 可以看出你的学历比我高，晨曦14:48:06 你说的也对，刀歌剑笑14:49:58 年龄,学历,等等,这些都不是问题的所在.
不用刻意去想这些,我们一样可以聊得很轻松, 刀歌剑笑14:50:46 我觉得你是很在乎别人眼光的人,虽然有的时候会按自己的意愿行事,但是心里总有些忐忑8 晨曦14:51:26 好像真的是我，刀歌剑笑14:52:14 也许这也是你烦恼的一部分原因晨曦14:52:42 最主要不是这个，刀歌剑笑14:52:48 那是什么? 刀歌剑笑(39187924) 16:07:48 刀歌剑笑14:53:52 对于女人来说,这的确是个问题晨曦14:54:32 我的心态太好了，27以前从没有想过这个事，现在怕了，刀歌剑笑14:55:06 看来你条件很好,而且之前有一份让你专心的事业或者爱好晨曦14:56:36 错了，条件不好，只是我自已无论什么事都会很开心，让我专心的不是工作而是一个人，三年后我放弃了，刀歌剑笑14:59:11 这一定是个让你左右为难的人晨曦14:59:46 是的，很很伤伤心心刀歌剑笑15:00:04 你们俩是怎么认识的? 晨曦15:00:57 一见钟情，刀歌剑笑15:01:15 真像是电影里的情节刀歌剑笑15:01:43 那一定很浪漫的场景8。