剑桥雅思5 口语 Test4 Part3
剑桥雅思Test4READINGPASSAGE3
剑桥雅思Test4READINGPASSAGE3READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 28-31Reading Passage 3 has five sections A-E.Choose the correct heading for sections A and C-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-viii in boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet.28 Section A29Section C30Section D31Section Eshould be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and mostemerged awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite. In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were ‘limits to growth’. The new consciousness that there were also severe limits to health-care resources was part of this general revelation of the obvious. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic healthneeds of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisible hand’ of economic progress would provide.Section CHowever, at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life. Like education, political and legal processes and institutions, public order, communication, transport and money supply, health-care came to be seen as one of the fundamental social facilities necessary for people to exercise their other rights as autonomous human beings. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining ifthey are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order. In the same way, basic health-care is a condition of the exercise of autonomy.Section DAlthough the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care (though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way, basic health-care is now recognized as a ‘publicgood’, r ather than a ‘private good’ that one is expected to buy for oneself. As the 1976 declaration of the World Health Organization put it: ‘The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social cond ition.’ As has just been remarked, in a liberal society basic health is seen as one of the indispensable conditions for the exercise of personal autonomy.Section EJust at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources1 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development2 Gross Domestic ProductQuestions 32-35Classify the following as first occurringA between 1945 and 1950B between 1950 and 1980C after 1980Write the correct letter A, B or C in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.32 the realization that the resources of the national health systems were limited33 a sharp rise in the cost of health-care34 a belief that all the health-care resources the community needed would be produced by economic growth35 an acceptance of the role of the state in guaranteeing the provision of health-careQuestions 36-40Do the following statements agree with views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agree with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 36Personal liberty and independence have never been regarded as directly linked to health-care.37 Health-care came to be seen as a right at about the same time that the limits of health-care resources became evident.38 In OECD countries population change have had an impact on health-care costs in recent years.39OECD governments have consistently underestimated the level of health-care provision needed.40 In most economically developed countries the elderly will have to make special provision for their health-care in the future.。
剑桥雅思 Test4 READING PASSAGE 3
READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 28-31Reading Passage 3 has five sections A-E.Choose the correct heading for sections A and C-E from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-viii in boxes 28-31 on your answer sheet.28 Section A29Section C30Section D31Section Eshould be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and mostemerged awareness in Western societies that resources for the provision of fossil fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite. In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were ‘limits to growth’. The new consciousness that there were also severe limits to health-care resources was part of this general revelation of the obvious. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many countries in the years immediately after the 1939-45 World War, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘invisible hand’ of economic progress would provide.Section CHowever, at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in Western societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life. Like education, political and legal processes and institutions, public order, communication, transport and money supply, health-care came to be seen as one of the fundamental social facilities necessary for people to exercise their other rights as autonomous human beings. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining ifthey are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order. In the same way, basic health-care is a condition of the exercise of autonomy.Section DAlthough the language of ‘rights’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care (though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way, basic health-care is now recognized as a ‘public good’, r ather than a ‘private good’ that one is expected to buy for oneself. As the 1976 declaration of the World Health Organization put it: ‘The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.’ As has just been remarked, in a liberal society basic health is seen as one of the indispensable conditions for the exercise of personal autonomy.Section EJust at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources1 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development2 Gross Domestic ProductQuestions 32-35Classify the following as first occurringA between 1945 and 1950B between 1950 and 1980C after 1980Write the correct letter A, B or C in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.32 the realization that the resources of the national health systems were limited33 a sharp rise in the cost of health-care34 a belief that all the health-care resources the community needed would be produced by economic growth35 an acceptance of the role of the state in guaranteeing the provision of health-careQuestions 36-40Do the following statements agree with views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet writeYES if the statement agree with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it impossible to say what the writer thinks about this 36Personal liberty and independence have never been regarded as directly linked to health-care.37 Health-care came to be seen as a right at about the same time that the limits of health-care resources became evident.38 In OECD countries population change have had an impact on health-care costs in recent years.39OECD governments have consistently underestimated the level of health-care provision needed.40 In most economically developed countries the elderly will have to make special provision for their health-care in the future.。
剑桥5test4小作文
该图表从三个不同方面展示了六个城市地铁系统的特点。
The table demonstrates the features of the underground railway systems in 6 cities in three different aspects.首先，这六个城市的地铁系统是按年代顺序开通的，其中伦敦是最早的(1863年)，而洛杉矶是最晚的(2001年)。
地铁系统在20世纪进入全盛时期，四条地铁线路分别在巴黎(1900年)，东京(1927年)，华盛顿(1976年)，以及洛杉矶(1981年)建立起来。
First, the subway systems in the six cities were opened in time sequence with London being the earliest (in 1863) and Los Angeles the latest ( in 2001 ). The underground railway system had their prime time in the 20th century, which saw the construction of 4 underground railway systems respectively in Paris (1900), in Tokyo (1927), in Washington DC (1976), and in Los Angeles (1981).第二，依照从伦敦到洛杉叽的排列顺序，也是根据建造地铁的年代顺序，这六个城市地铁线路长度基本上依次大幅降低。
伦敦线路最长，394公里，巴黎第二，199公里，东京第三，155公里，华盛顿126公里。
京都和洛杉叽最有趣，分别只有区区11公里和28公里，难与前四名相提并论。
Second, seen from London to Los Angeles, which happened to be in chronological order of subway construction, the above-mentioned six cities roughly revealed a trend of sharp decrease in the length of the subway route. London ranked No. 1 in this respect, with a length of 394km; Paris came next with 199km; Tokyo was No. 3 with 155km; Washington DC ranked No. 4 with 126 km. Kyoto and Los Angeles were the most interesting, with merely 11km and 28km respectively, nothing comparable with the top 4 cities.第三，在这六个城市每年地铁运送乘客的数量上我们看到一些令人难以预料的数据。
雅思剑桥5口语解析test4
PART 1ClothesQ: How important are clothes and fashion to you?Answer:I think clothes and fashion speak to people about the kind of person you are.They help you form a good first impression.We dress to impress.And it’s almost strange to ask a person if clothes are important, especially if thisperson is as young as me.Young people want to look good, so naturally clothes are very important for me.Q: What kind of clothes do you dislike?Answer:Well, I don’t like baggy clothes, you know, big jeans, long and loose T-shirts, becausethey look sloppy.（邋遢）Now, I prefer the European style, which is very slimming (苗条) and has betterdesign.I especially don’t like suits, shirts and ties.They’re so dull, so rigid, and look old.I prefer young and fashionable clothes designed for energetic and dynamic people.(活跃,动感的人)Q: How different are the clothes you wear now from those you wore 10 yearsago?Answer:Hmm, 10 years ago, that was such a long time ago.Let me think, if I remember correctly,I was wearing sportswear all the time, you know, Adidas and Nike.I was going to school everyday, and I was young, kicking and running everywhere,so sports clothes suited me.But now, I’m a young adult, so I’ve developed a certain sense of style.I like simple things and my favorite item of clothing is Jeans.Not big jeans, clean-cut jeans that look decent.I don’t know, maybe one day I will have to wear suits and sit in offices because Iwant to be a financial consultant or accountant for a world-famous company.Q: What do you think the clothes we wear say about us?Answer:I’m pretty sure that the clothes we wear say much about our personality.For example, if you’re very out-going and passionate, or if you’re very reserved andshy. Our style of clothing also tells people about how confident we’re aboutourselves.There’s a saying, you’re what you wear. The clothes we wear can show the education and life experience we have gained. If you have ever spent time in a different country,your style of clothing maybe very different from others in your country.PART 2Describe a festival that is important in your countryYou should say:When the festival occursWhat you did during itWhat you like or dislike about itAnd explain why this festival is importantAnswers：An Important HolidayThe biggest festival of all in my country is Chinese New Year, the Spring Festival.We Chinese have celebrated it for thousands of years already. It comes betweenJanuary and February every year, but the exact date is different year to year since we use lunar calendar. Anyway, when it finally arrives, people all over the country take 7 days off. On the eve of the Spring festival, a big family reunion is held at the dinner table. We talk, we propose toast to each other, and we bond with members of our family. I don’t know when it started, but it seems to many Chinese that watchingSpring Festival Variety Show on China Central Television has become an ceremonial thing to do every year at Spring Festival.The show starts at 8 sharp and last past midnight. And as the midnight count-down is completed, we exchange new year greetings and young kids receive new year allowance. Many people will go outside and fire up firecrackers and fireworks. The whole sky is lighted upwith magnificent colors. For the midnight dinner, we eat dumplings and fish. And this is important, fish is a dish we must have, because in Chinese “fish” has the same sound as something left, something more, something extra. So by eating fish, we’re hoping that every year, we’ll make our life better. The reason I like it so much is because in a way, Spring Festival provides an opportunity for us Chinese to remember our cultural origin, a chance to relax and restore our inner balance between work and leisure, and a great time of fun at the end and beginning of a year. (278 words)PART 3:话题1：Purpose of festivals and celebrationsQ: Why do you think festivals are important events in the working year?Answer:Yeah. It’s very important for two reasons.For the country, it’s a time to remember our cultural origin and our historical past.The whole country celebrates our root and it’s very inspiring.We become so proud of our past.I guess that’s why festivals are important.For the individual, festivals give us a chance for relaxation as we often have a fewdays off. It’s a time of fun, meeting friends, entertainment.So after that we feel like a new man.In a sense, holidays restore our balance between work and leisure.That’s also why we need festivals for China.Q: Would you agree that the original significance of festival is often lost today?Answer:I think the original significance for festivals are to celebrate our tradition.It’s an end to the old year and the beginning of a new year. So it’s a connecting day.But today, people are so busy, they’re under so much pressure and they no longer feelthe transition between the old and the new year. Some companies even ask theiremployees to come in on holidays. So many people begin to feel that festivals are justas common as the other days.People no longer take the opportunities of festivals to honor their tradition,but go shopping, go to restaurant to entertain instead.So I think tradition is out, consumption is in.Festivals provide people such an excuse to put down their work, to spend money andbe extravagant (奢侈的), and to meet people that they don’t have time for during theworking year.So in this sense, even the original significance is lost, festivals are still exciting.(163 words)Q: Do you think that new festivals will be introduced in the future? What kind?Answer:The world is changing so fast.People are embracing new lifestyles as East and West come together.Westerners begin to eat dumplings with chopsticks to celebrate Chinese SpringFestival. And Chinese young people exchange chocolates and roses on Valentine’sday. So, you see? People are experimenting with new lifepatterns.And it’s quite possible that new festivals may be invented or introduced.Wouldn’t that be cool?What kind? Well, I don’t know for sure because it’s the future right?But I heard this year, in my country, some people celebrated the men’s day, which is on August the third.It’s dorky. (书呆子) But it’s new and exciting, right.Will it last?I don’t know.All I know is that this is an interesting attempt. (128 wds)话题2：Festivals and mediaQ: What role does the media play in festivals, do you think?Answer:I guess media, radio, TV station and maybe, the Internet are doing much publicity(宣传) during the festivals. So they can create an intense atmosphere of “Hey,everybody, festivals are here. Start celebrating!” And what’s more, they put on lots ofentertainment shows on different channels to help people kill time in their freer life.So I guess, these are the functions of media around holiday season. (70 words)Q: Do you think it’s good or bad to watch festivals on TV?Answer:I guess it’s good in one aspect that you can see how others are celebrating it withouthaving to travel.But watching others have fun is not as cool as going out and having fun yourself.Take you family, go on a vacation. If you’re from the north, spend New Year in thewarm south. Some of the fondest memories will be created.Breathe the fresh air is better than watch TV in a closed room.So participating in the festivals is more exciting than watching it on TV. (89 words)Q: How may globalization affect different festivals around the world?Answer:I think, on the one hand, globalization is generalizing(统一化) festivals around then world. So when you go to China, Christmas, you go to Italy, Christmas, you go to US,hey, guess what, Christmas. Everywhere is the same. That’s a bit dull, isn’t it?Because we still need variety and diversity in cultural tradition and celebration. So Iguess this is a negative effect of globalization.But, on the other hand, since globalization helps with the sharing of culture. Goodfestivals are brought to all corners of the world and the fun can be shared across thehuman race. Everybody is happy, right. So this is a positive influence.。
剑桥雅思真题及解析Test口语
亮点表达sincere blessing 真诚的祝福wedding anniversary 结婚纪念日^pDo you ever take a gift when you visit saneone in their home Why/Why not当你去别人家里拜访的时候会带礼物吗为什么为什么不亮点表达thoughtful adj.体贴的reciprocity n.互惠;互换multifunctional massagers 多功能按摩器count v. 重要.有价值;数数;计算亮点表达a huge collection of perfumes 一整套香水收藏亮点表达tight-fisted adj. 吝啬的sentimental adj. 情感的It's better to give than to receive.付出比收获更幸福..雅思口语名师点题本题属于“事件经历类”中典型的事件题;出现频率不高;但是难度相对比较大;本题也是一个开放性的问题..从题干可以看出;本题要用一般过去时作答;请考生注意：回答任何一道雅思口语题之前;一定要组织好时态;否则会导致无谓的失分..用自己的话重复一遍问题也是一种“思考”技巧;亮点表达company n. 陪同;陪伴be curious about 对……好奇Example questions3:Do you think it’s best to do new things on your own or with other peopleWhy雅思口语名师点题此类问题属于Part3中的“选择类”问题;即二选一;较为常见..思路很简单;可以有下面两种阐述角度:选其中一个并把其优势展开进行阐述: 或者两个好处都点一下;最后总结各自都有不可替代的优势;二者缺一不可..对于此考生要做到分析到位;答案饱满..高分示例Well; it’s a hard choice. I really can’t choose one over another. Generally speaking; if someone does new things; then other people tend to tag along with him. It seems more fun and interesting in groups .However; those who do well in new activities may feel inadequate. Under this circumstance; it might be better to do it on your own. Both ways have their own advantages. I think this is why people are always saying that everything exists for a reason.亮点表达Discussion topics2:Learning new things：Example questions1:What kinds of things do children learn to do when they are very young How important are these things雅思口语名师点题这个问题虽然出现在Part3;但是考生可以发挥的点有很多..首先;需要给出孩子的学习内容;可对应给出学习相关项目的重要性..高分示例Children tend to be sponges when they are young; they are constantly learning. It’s a pretty essential stage for their development. They are learning knowledge and disciplines from family in school education; self-expression from stage performance and social interaction from group work. Most importantly; if children are extremely good in a certain field; it might turn out to be their lifetime career. There fore; care must be taken to ensure the healthy growth of kids.Example questions2:Do you think children and adults learn to do new things in the same waysHow is their learning style different雅思口语名师点题此类问题属于Part3“对比类”问题;即两类不同人群之间的对比..考生需要多角度;全方面地分析;使答案饱满、精确或者说一针见血..常见的对比类话题有：男性和女性;老年人和年轻人;过去和现在;东方和西方;两类不同事物的对比..高分示例Definitely not. To begin with; I have to say that there are many differences in learning to new things between children and adults. Children tenf to learn much more through experience. Their brains are more flexible; so they can acquire new knowledge much more quickly; However; adult` brains are more likely to be developed to analyse and make judgements. Thus; I guess this is a natural result of the fact that are in difference age groups.。
雅思口语Part 3 答题辅导-剑桥5
IELTS-Cam5-Test1-S-Part3题目一：What kind of people become famous people these days?1.结构提示：People get to know…from the mass media……，…and…are often become famous…2.要点提示：Sing/act/popular/newspaper/TV/the Internet题目二：Is this different from the kind of achievement that made people famous in the past?In what way?1.结构提示：This is quite different from the things in the past because…particularly，…They made achievements in…2.要点提示：Titles/positions/achievements题目三：How do you think people will become famous in the future?1.结构提示As far as I’m concerned,the following aspects may change a lot.My first opinion will focus on…As well as that,…will also be different.2.要点提示Great talent of all areas/special behaviorsMore ways:media/actions题目四：What are the good things about being famous？Are there any disadvantages?1.结构提示：There are some advantages of being famous.First of all…for another…Certainly they have a heavy price to pay for all those gains.For example…2.要点提示：Money/fortune/health and mental problem/privacy题目五：How does the media in your country treat famous people?1.结构提示There are many factors that may matter a lot.Initially,different media may have…,in this way,…On the other side,the celebrity…2.要点提示+：advertise/praise-：dig out secrets/scandalsLevel of the media/attitude of the celebrity题目六：Why do you think ordinary people are interested in the lives of famous people?1.结构提示Considering the question,I can come up with the following reasons.Firstly,the lives of celebrities seem to be more…than our lives.Also,it’s human nature to…2.要点提示What’s the difference?Is the difference appealing?IELTS-Cam5-Test2-S-Part3题目一：What kinds of music are popular with young people in your culture?1.结构提示：Young people in my country have many choices on music today.Some…Others…while some…2.要点提示：Pop music/different typical music in different countries题目二：What do you think influences a young person‘s taste in music?1.结构提示：I can think of at least…factors that may influence a young person’s taste.The first one…There are a number of factors that may influence a young person’s taste.The first one…2.要点提示：Background/interests and hobbies/personality题目三：How has technology affected the kinds of music popular with young people?1.结构提示As far as I’m concerned,technology affects the music industry in various ways.For instance,…Another example is that…And I shouldn’t forget to mention that…2.要点提示The way the music is madeThe way people get the musicThe way people get the information题目四：Tell me about any traditional music in your culture.1.结构提示I believe it’s necessary for a specific type of culture to have its own music style. Because…is the symbol of…Plus,it also shows…2.要点提示Traditional style/instruments/content of lyricsMusic tells the characteristic of the culture题目五：How important is it for a culture to have music traditions?1.结构提示There is a long history of music in my country.It represents…It is of great importance.Firstly…secondly…2.要点提示History/tradition/heritage of a culture/a way of communication题目六：Why do you think countries have national anthems or songs?1.结构提示There might be different explanations about the question.In my perspective,…Some may believe that,…Another guess is that…2.要点提示The content/instrument/style/purposeIELTS-Cam5-Test3-S-Part3题目一：What do you think are the most important qualities for friends to have? 1.结构提示：They not only…but also…They are most important qualities for friends to have…Good friends…On the other hand…2.要点提示：Understand your feelings/share happiness and sorrows/speak the truth/don’t betray题目二：Which are more important to people,their family or their friends?Why? 1.结构提示Both family and friends are very important,because they can influence one in various ways.Family provide a person…But friends turn out to be…2.要点提示The influence--Family:basic and initialFriends:change and adjust题目三：What do you think causes friendships to break up?1.结构提示：Friends often break up for two reasons…In my part，there are several reasons that cause friends to break up…2.要点提示：Lose trust/interfere too much with each other’s life题目四：What other types of relationship，apart from friends or family，are important in people’s lives today?1.结构提示：Apart from friends or family，…are also important…It is also very important to form a good relationship in…apart from friends or family…2.要点提示：Colleagues/neighbours/bosses题目五：Have relationships with neighbours where you live changed in recent years? How？1.结构提示：In the past…while today，,,,Obviously，people today…However…2.要点提示：Hardly meet each other/be busy with personal life/pay attention to…题目六：How important do you think it is for a person to spend some time alone? Why/why not?1.结构提示As far as I am concerned,it's necessary for one to be alone for some time. Spending some time alone enables…If we always stay with other people,we'll…2.要点提示The benefit of staying aloneThe disadvantages of being in a groupIELTS-Cam5-Test4-S-Part3题目一：Why do you think festivals are important events in the working year?1.结构提示Festivals are usually a time for people to take a rest from working years.Usually,festivals come with...,so that…Also,festivals remind people of…2.要点提示Difference between festivals and workdaysHoliday/vacation/relax题目二：Would you agree that the original significance of festivals is often lost today?Is it good or bad，do you think？1.结构提示：Yes，that’s true.Due to the fact that…What makes people difficult to remember the original significance of festivals is…because…2.要点提示：Inevitable/historical backgrounds/relaxation and fun题目三：Do you think that new festivals will be introduced in the future?What kind?1.结构提示：Yes.I do believe various festivals will be introduced in the future…New festivals will be introduced in the future for some reasons.For instance，…2.要点提示：Show people’s respect to a certain person/to commemorate a certain day or event/have fun题目四：What role does the media play in festivals,do you think?1.结构提示I believe it plays quite an important role.Before the festivals,…While everybody is celebrating it,…2.要点提示Before/during/after题目五：Do you think it’s good or bad to watch festivals on TV?Why?1.结构提示It depends on how we like to enjoy the show.On the other hand,it stops us from…2.要点提示+：comfortable/best view-：not strong enough feeling/follow the photographer题目六：How may globalization affect different festivals around the world？1.结构提示：On one hand，…on the other hand，…From my perspective，it may affect different festivals around the world in following ways…2.要点提示：Introduce new culture to a country/some minor cultures may die away/mutual understanding of cultures between two different countries。
剑桥雅思5阅读答案解析-Test4Passage3
passage1解析，请点击：剑桥雅思5阅读答案解析-Test4Passage1。
本片文章是剑桥雅思5阅读答案解析-Test4Passage3。
Question 27答案：TRUE关键词: scientific evidence, photoperiodism定位原文: 原文第2段笫4句: “The seasonal impact of day解题思路: 题目：支持光周期现象的科学证椐十分充分。
原文：“受季节性影响的日照长度在生理学上的反应叫做光周期现象，这种现象的试验证据的数量相当可观。
”因此答案为TRUE。
Question 28答案：TRUE关键词: bird, breed, season定位原文: 原文第2段第5句: “For example, some species of…”解题思路: 题目：一些鸟类能够被诱发在非繁殖季节进行繁殖。
原文：“仅仅通过人工增加日照长度，一些鸟类甚至在冬至的时候被诱发繁殖(Wolfson, 1964年)。
”因此答案为TRUE。
Question 29答案：NOT GIVEN关键词：photoperiodism, geographic areas定位原文: 无解题思路: 题目：光周期现象被限制在一些特定地区。
原文没有提到题目的内容，因此答案为NOT GIVEN。
Question 30答案：FALSE关键词: desert annuals, long-day plants定位原文: 原文第4段最后两句: “Day-neutral plants have… For example…”解题思路: 题目：沙漠植物属干长日照植物。
原文：“日中性植物有进化优势。
对于它们而言，繁殖的最好季节和日照长度之间并没有必然的关系。
例如，对于沙漠的一年生植物而言，只要有合适的雨水，它们就会生长、开花、结果，不受日照长短的影响。
”由此可见沙漠植物属于日中性植物而非长日照植物。
因此答案为FALSE。
剑桥雅思阅读5翻译及精讲（test4）
剑桥雅思阅读5翻译及精讲(test4)雅思阅读是块难啃的硬骨头，需要我们做更多的题目才能得心应手。
下面小编给大家分享一下剑桥雅思阅读5test4原文翻译及答案解析，希望可以帮助到大家。
剑桥雅思阅读5原文(test4)READING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 on the following pages.Questions 1-3Reading Passage 1 has three sections, A-C.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number i-vi in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.List of HeadingsI The expansion of international tourism in recent yearsIi How local communities can balance their own needs with the demands of wilderness tourismIii Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion of tourism thereIv Traditional methods of food-supply in fragile regionsV Some of the disruptive effects of wilderness tourismVi The economic benefits of mass tourism1 Section A2 Section B3 Section CThe Impact of Wilderness TourismAThe market for tourism in remote areas is booming as neverbefore. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their ‘wilderness’ regions —such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetland — to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures) not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants. The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects, and also in terms of the proportion o f the Earth’s surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human activities, including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year.Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural landscape beauty and the unique cultures of their indigenous people. And poor governments in these isolated areas have welcomed the new breed of ‘adventure tourist’, grateful for the hard currency they bring. For several years now, tourism has been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan. Tourism is also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayers Rock in Australia and Arizona’s Monument Valley.BOnce a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound. When hill-farmers, for example, can make more money in a few weeksworking as porters for foreign trekkers than they can in a year working in their fields, it is not surprising that many of them give up their farm-work, which is thus left to other members of the family. In some hill-regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm output and a change in the local diet, because there is insufficient labour to maintain terraces and irrigation systems and tend to crops. The result has been that many people in these regions have turned to outside supplies of rice and other foods.In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and collecting fruit over a relatively short season. However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they no longer have time to collect wild food; this has led to increasing dependence on bought food and stores. Tourism is not always the culprit behind such changes. All kinds of wage labour, or government handouts, tend to undermine traditional survival systems. Whatever the cause, the dilemma is always the same: what happens if these new, external sources of income dry up?The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails, but perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide tourists with cooked food and hot showers. In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the main sources of fuel and water supplies may be limited or vulnerable to degradation through heavy use.CStories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takesplace, the costs to these fragile environments and their local cultures can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating local cultures, as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal’s Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local population and environment over the long term.In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future depends on integrating tourism more effectively with the local economy. Local concern about the rising number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays d’Enhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their growth. There has also been a renaissance in communal cheese production in the area, providing the locals with a reliable source of income that does not depend on outside visitors.Many of the Arctic tourist destinations have been exploited by outside companies, who employ transient workers and repatriate most of the profits to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves, thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the tundra and watch local musicians and dancers.Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have followed similar strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their pueblos and reservations to purchase high-quality handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San lldefonso pueblos have established highly profitable pottery businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewellery.Too many people living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when tourism has penetrated their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance, because people’s desire to see new places will not just disappear. Instead, communities in fragile environments must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions, in order to balance their needs and aspirations with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are demonstrating that, with firm communal decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the norm, rather than the exception.Questions 4-9Do the following statements reflect the opinion of the writer of Reading Passage 1?In boxes 4-9 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement reflects the opinion of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the opinion of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this4 The low financial cost of setting up wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many countries.5 Deserts, mountains and Arctic regions are examples of environments that are both ecologically and culturally fragile.6 Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas.7 The spread of tourism in certain hill-regions has resulted ina fall in the amount of food produced locally.8 Traditional food-gathering in desert societies was distributed evenly over the year.9 Government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of food-gathering.Questions 10-13Complete the table below.Choose ONE WORD from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.The positive ways in which some local communities haveresponded to tourismPeople/Location ActivityS wiss Pays d’EnhautArctic communitiesAcoma and San lldefonsoNavajo and Hopi Revived production of 10……………Operate 11……………businessesProduce and sell 12……………Produce and sell 13……………READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Flawed Beauty: the problem with toughened glassOn 2nd August 1999, a particularly hot day in the town of Cirencester in the UK, a large pane of toughened glass in the roof of a shopping centre at Bishops Walk shattered without warning and fell from its frame. When fragments were analysed by experts at the giant glass manufacturer Pilkington, which had made the pane, they found that minute crystals of nickel sulphide trapped inside the glass had almost certainly caused the failure.‘The glass industry is aware of the issue,’ says Brian Waldron, chairman of the standards committee at the Glass and Glazing Federation, a British trade association, and standardsdevelopment officer at Pilkington. But he insists that cases are few and far between. ‘It’s a very rare phenomenon,’ he says.Others disagree. ‘On average I see about one or two buildings a month suffering from nickel sulphide related failures,’ says Barrie Josie, a consultant engineer involved in the Bishops Walk investigation. Other experts tell of similar experiences. Tony Wilmott of London-based consulting engineers Sandberg, and Simon Armstrong at CladTech Associates in Hampshire both say they know of hundreds of cases. ‘What you hear is only the tip of the iceberg,’ says Trevor Ford, a glass expert at Resolve Engineering in Brisbane, Queensland. He believes the reason is simple: ‘No-one wants bad press.’Toughened glass is found everywhere, from cars and bus shelters to the windows, walls and roofs of thousands of buildings around the world. It’s easy to see why. This glass has five times the strength of standard glass, and when it does break it shatters into tiny cubes rather than large, razor-sharp shards. Architects love it because large panels can be bolted together to make transparent walls, and turning it into ceilings and floors is almost as easy.It is made by heating a sheet of ordinary glass to about 620°C to soften it slightly, allowing its structure to expand, and then cooling it rapidly with jets of cold air. This causes the outer layer of the pane to contract and solidify before the interior. When the interior finally solidifies and shrinks, it exerts a pull on the outer layer that leaves it in permanent compression and produces a tensile force inside the glass. As cracks propagate best in materials under tension, the compressive force on the surface must be overcome before the pane will break, making it more resistant to cracking.The problem starts when glass contains nickel sulphide impurities. Trace amounts of nickel and sulphur are usually present in the raw materials used to make glass, and nickel can also be introduced by fragments of nickel alloys falling into the molten glass. As the glass is heated, these atoms react to form tiny crystals of nickel sulphide. Just a tenth of a gram of nickel in the furnace can create up to 50,000 crystals.These crystals can exist in two forms: a dense form called the alpha phase, which is stable at high temperatures, and a less dense form called the beta phase, which is stable at room temperatures. The high temperatures used in the toughening process convert all the crystals to the dense, compact alpha form. But the subsequent cooling is so rapid that the crystals don’t have time to change back to the beta phase. This leaves unstable alpha crystals in the glass, primed like a coiled spring, ready to revert to the beta phase without warning.When this happens, the crystals expand by up to 4%. And if they are within the central, tensile region of the pane, the stresses this unleashes can shatter the whole sheet. The time that elapses before failure occurs is unpredictable. It could happen just months after manufacture, or decades later, although if the glass is heated — by sunlight, for example — the process is speeded up. Ironically, says Graham Dodd, of consulting engineers Arup in London, the oldest pane of toughened glass known to have failed due to nickel sulphide inclusions was in Pilkington’s glass research building in Lathom, Lancashire. The pane was 27 years old.Data showing the scale of the nickel sulphide problem is almost impossible to find. The picture is made more complicated by the fact that these crystals occur in batches. So even if, onaverage, there is only one inclusion in 7 tonnes of glass, if you experience one nickel sulphide failure in your building, that probably means you’ve got a problem in more than one pane. Josie says that in the last decade he has worked on over 15 buildings with the number of failures into double figures.One of the worst examples of this is Waterfront Place, which was completed in 1990. Over the following decade the 40-storey Brisbane block suffered a rash of failures. Eighty panes of its toughened glass shattered due to inclusions before experts were finally called in. John Barry, an expert in nickel sulphide contamination at the University of Queensland, analysed every glass pane in the building. Using a studio camera, a photographer went up in a cradle to take photos of every pane. These were scanned under a modified microfiche reader for signs of nickel sulphide crystals. ‘We discovered at least another 120 panes with potentially dangerous inclusions which were then replaced,’ says Barry. ‘It was a very expensive and time-consuming process that took arou nd six months to complete.’ Though the project cost A$1.6 million (nearly ￡700,000), the alternative — re-cladding the entire building — would have cost ten times as much.Questions 14-17Look at the following people and the list of statements below.Match each person with the correct statement.Write the correct letter A-H in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet.14 Brain Waldron15 Trevor Ford16 Graham Dodd17 John BarryList of StatementsA suggests that publicity about nickel sulphide failure has been suppressedB regularly sees cases of nickel sulphide failureC closely examined all the glass in one buildingD was involved with the construction of Bishops WalkE recommended the rebuilding of Waterfront PlaceF thinks the benefits of toughened glass are exaggeratedG claims that nickel sulphide failure is very unusualH refers to the most extreme case of delayed failureQuestions 18-23Complete the summary with the list of words A-P below.Write your answers in boxes 18-23 on your answer sheet.Toughened GlassToughened glass in favoured by architects because it is much stronger than ordinary glass, and the fragments are not as 18…………… when it breaks. However, it has one disadvantage: it can shatter 19…………… . This fault is a result of the manufacturing process. Ordinary glass is first heated, then cooled very 20…………… . The outer layer 21…………… before the inner layer, and the tension between the two layers which is created because of this makes the glass stronger However, if the glass contains nickel sulphide impurities, crystals of nickel sulphide are formed. These are unstable, and can expand suddenly, particularly if the weather is 22…………… . If this happens, the pane of glass may break. The frequency with which such problems occur is 23…………… by glass experts. Furthermore, the crystals cannot be detected without sophisticated equipment.A numerousB detectedC quicklyD agreedE warmF sharpG expands H slowly I unexpectedlyJ removed K contracts L disputedM cold N moved O smallP calculatedQuestions 24-26Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this24 Little doubt was expressed about the reason for the Bishops Walk accident.25 Toughened glass has the same appearance as ordinary glass.26 There is plenty of documented evidence available about the incidence of nickel sulphide failure.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.The effects of light on plant and animal speciesLight is important to organisms for two different reasons. Firstly it is used as a cue for the timing, of daily and seasonal rhythms in both plants and animals, and secondly it is used to assist growth in plants.Breeding in most organisms occurs during a part of the year only, and so a reliable cue is needed to trigger breeding behaviour. Day length is an excellent cue, because it provides a perfectly predictable pattern of change within the year. In the temperate zone in spring, temperatures fluctuate greatly fromday to day, but day length increases steadily by a predictable amount. The seasonal impact of day length on physiological responses is called photoperiodism, and the amount of experimental evidence for this phenomenon is considerable. For example, some species of birds’ breeding can be induced even in midwinter simply by increasing day length artificially (Wolfson 1964). Other examples of photoperiodism occur in plants. A short-day plant flowers when the day is less than a certain critical length. A long-day plant flowers after a certain critical day length is exceeded. In both cases the critical day length differs from species to species. Plants which flower after a period of vegetative growth, regardless of photoperiod, are known as day-neutral plants.Breeding seasons in animals such as birds have evolved to occupy the part of the year in which offspring have the greatest chances of survival. Before the breeding season begins, food reserves must be built up to support the energy cost of reproduction, and to provide for young birds both when they are in the nest and after fledging. Thus many temperate-zone birds use the increasing day lengths in spring as a cue to begin the nesting cycle, because this is a point when adequate food resources will be assured.The adaptive significance at photoperiodism in plants is also clear. Short-day plants that flower in spring in the temperate zone are adapted to maximizing seedling growth during the growing season. Long-day plants are adapted for situations that require fertilization by insects, or a long period of seed ripening. Short-day plants that flower in the autumn in the temperate zone are able to build up food reserves over the growing season and over winter as seeds. Day-neutral plants have an evolutionaryadvantage when the connection between the favourable period for reproduction and day length is much less certain. For example, desert annuals germinate, flower and seed whenever suitable rainfall occurs, regardless of the day length.The breeding season of some plants can be delayed to extraordinary lengths. Bamboos are perennial grasses that remain in a vegetative state for many years and then suddenly flower, fruit and die (Evans 1976). Every bamboo of the species Chusquea abietifolio on the island of Jamaica flowered, set seed and died during 1884. The next generation of bamboo flowered and died between 1916 and 1918, which suggests a vegetative cycle of about 31 years. The climatic trigger for this flowering cycle is not yet known, but the adaptive significance is clear. The simultaneous production of masses of bamboo seeds (in some cases lying 12 to 15 centimetres deep on the ground) is more than all the seed-eating animals can cope with at the time, so that some seeds escape being eaten and grow up to form the next generation (Evans 1976).The second reason light is important to organisms is that it is essential for photosynthesis. This is the process by which plants use energy from the sun to convert carbon from soil or water into organic material for growth. The rate of photosynthesis in a plant can be measured by calculating the rate of its uptake of carbon. There is a wide range of photosynthetic responses of plants to variations in light intensity. Some plants reach maximal photosynthesis at one-quarter full sunlight, and others, like sugarcane, never reach a maximum, but continue to increase photosynthesis rate as light intensity rises.Plants in general can be divided into two groups: shade-tolerant species and shade-intolerant species. This classificationis commonly used in forestry and horticulture. Shade-tolerant plants have lower photosynthetic rates and hence have lower growth rates than those of shade-intolerant species. Plant species become adapted to living in a certain kind of habitat, and in the process evolve a series of characteristics that prevent them from occupying other habitats. Grime (1966) suggests that light may be one of the major components directing these adaptations. For example, eastern hemlock seedlings are shade-tolerant. They can survive in the forest understory under very low light levels because they have a low photosynthetic rate.Questions 27-33Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?In boxes 27-33 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this27 There is plenty of scientific evidence to support photoperiodism.28 Some types of bird can be encouraged to breed out of season.29 Photoperiodism is restricted to certain geographic areas.30 Desert annuals are examples of long-day plants.31 Bamboos flower several times during their life cycle.32 Scientists have yet to determine the cue for Chusquea abitifolia’s seasonal rhythm.33 Eastern hemlock is a fast-growing plant.Questions 34-40Complete the sentences.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passagefor each answer.Write your answers in boxes 34-40 on your answer sheet.34 Day length is a useful cue for breeding in areas where …………… are unpredictable.35 Plants which do not respond to light levels are referred to as…………… .36 Birds in temperate climates associate longer days with nesting and the availability of …………….37 Plants that flower when days are long often depend on …………… to help them reproduce.38 Desert annuals respond to …………… as a signal for reproduction.39 There is no limit to the photosynthetic rate in plants such as …………… .40 Tolerance to shade is one criterion for the …………… of plants in forestry and horticulture.剑桥雅思阅读5原文参考译文(test4)TEST 4 PASSAGE 1 参考译文：The Impact of Wilderness Tourism荒野旅游的影响AThe market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively promoting their ‘wilderness’ regions —such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetland — to high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. As the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal pressures)not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants. The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects, and also in terms of the proportion of the Earth’s surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human activities, including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year.A偏远地区的旅游市场从未曾像现在这么火爆。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑 5 口语 Test4 Part3-Purpose of festivals and celebrations；需要本教程其他单元口语范文的考生请点击：剑 5 口语Test3 Part1-Entertainment；剑5 口语 Test3 Part2-Describe one of your friends；剑5 口语 Test3 Part3范文-Qualities of Friends。
PART 3:
Purpose of festivals and celebrations
Q: Why do you think festivals are important events in the working year?
Answer:
Yeah. It’s very important for two reasons.
For the country, it’s a time to remember our cultural origin and our historical past.
The whole country celebrates our root and it’s very inspiring.
We become so proud of our past.
I guess that’s why festivals are important.
For the individual, festivals give us a chance for relaxation as we often have a few
days off. It’s a time of fun, meeting friends, entertainment.
So after that we feel like a new man.
In a sense, holidays restore our balance between work and leisure.
That’s also why we need festivals for China.
Q: Would you agree that the original significance of festival is often lost today?
构思:
节日的初衷: 庆祝传统, 承上启下, 结束也是开始
现在的节日: 人们繁忙, 感觉不到开始和结束的意义,
过完节,马上就再次投入到工作中, 有些单位甚至连节假日都加班.
人们也不在那么感动传统,倒是好好的利用节日放松了一下,
吃吃喝喝,购物,节日从tradition象 consumption过渡.更像是给了人们一个借口: 1.
放下工作 2. 奢侈享受 3. 见见好久不见的重要的人.
这么讲的话, 节日也挺好的.
Answer:
I think the original significance for festivals are to celebrate our tradition.
It’s an end to the old year and the beginning of a new year. So it’s a connecting day.
But today, people are so busy, they’re under so much pressure and they no longer feel
the transition between the old and the new year. Some companies even ask their
employees to come in on holidays. So many people begin to feel that festivals are just
as common as the other days.
People no longer take the opportunities of festivals to honor their tradition,
but go shopping, go to restaurant to entertain instead.
So I think tradition is out, consumption is in.
Festivals provide people such an excuse to put down their work, to spend money and
be extravagant (奢侈的), and to meet people that they don’t have time for during the
working year.
So in this sense, even the original significance is lost, festivals are still exciting.
(163 words)
Q: Do you think that new festivals will be introduced in the future? What kind?
构思:
世界变化快, 人们拥抱新生活, 世界西方东方交融,。