GREEKMYTHOLOGY希腊神话
源于希腊神话的英文单词
精心整理西方文化有两个源头:一为希腊(Hellenic)文化,一为希伯莱(Hebrew)文化,而希腊文化中的希腊神话(Greekmythology)对英语影响非常广泛。
表现在词汇方面就是英语吸收了部分词汇并将之沿用,而这些词又或是可分解词或是可溯源词。
这些词源包含的信息不仅可帮助读者准确理解每个词的词义,增添记忆单词的乐趣,还能特别记录、描述英语与古希腊文化的差异和交流,具有很高的历史性和趣味性。
由于罗马神话深受希腊神话的影响,故事情节与希腊神话大同小异,只不过人名不同,所以希腊神话时常和罗马神话联系在一起。
希腊罗马神话就像神话故事中的灵泉,滋养着英语的词汇,产生了还是Cupid,成天无所事事,在天上飞来飞去练习射箭,搞得大家人心惶惶。
所以他们衍生出的单词都含贬义:erotic色情的;cupidity贪心,贪婪。
中国是matchmaker媒婆10、Hygeia:希腊健康女神,其形象为年轻女子,身着白色长衣(白大褂),头戴祭司冠,用饭碗喂着一条蛇。
衍生词:hygiene（n卫生学）。
11、Morpheus:希腊神话中的梦神。
梦神是睡神Hypnos的儿子,掌管人们的梦境。
衍生词:morphine(吗啡),marijuana(大麻),两者都是opium(鸦片)的提取物。
morphine有麻醉镇定的作用。
12．Chaos：开天辟地的混沌之神＜反＞cosmos：宇宙，有序的整体13．Zeus主神宙斯14．Pluto冥界之神，阴间之神；因为具有“冥河之宝藏”而似的“-pluto”作为词根表示”财富”;eg:plutocracy财阀统治；plutolatry拜金主义pluto冥王星15．Styx环绕冥土四周的冥河，阴河;styxstygian冥河的，阴间的；黑洞洞的；幽暗的16．Lethe忘川，冥府河流名，饮其水则会忘记过去；忘却，遗忘lethargic昏昏欲睡的<>stimulate冥界三河：Styx冥河/Lethe忘川河/Meader河abyss地狱深渊abysmal深的。
Echo的故事
Echo（回声）的故事。
ECHO 是希腊神话里的最动人的传说之一。
Echo（拉丁文）(Greek Mythology A nymph（年轻女神，少女） whose unrequited （(formal) (of love) not returned by the person that you love无报答的, 不受报酬影响）love for Narcissus caused her to pine away until nothing but her voice remained) 是古希腊神话传说最美丽的女性之一，赫利孔山森林女神，地神盖娅之女，赫拉的侍从。
Echo美丽，善良，聪明绝顶，是众神心中的情人，而这位可爱的女神，却只钟情于Narcissus, 英俊潇洒，风度翩翩，以至于必须用漂亮才能形容他那张脸。
Echo有很多爱慕者，其中就包括众神的主宰宙斯。
宙斯非常滥情，喜好追逐美丽的女性。
宙斯的妻子天后赫拉的嫉妒心极强，当她知道了以后，竟迁怒于Echo。
于是，赫拉夺去了Echo的声音，让Echo无法说话，只能重复别人所讲的最后三个字。
Narcissus（Greek Mythology A young man who pined away in love for his own image in a pool of water and was transformed into the flower that bears his name.），河神Cephissus与林间仙女Liriope的儿子。
他的出生伴随着一个来自先知Tiresias的奇特预言。
预言说，如果纳西索斯想要长命百岁，那么他就决不能见到自己的影像。
于是，带着这样一个预言，Narcissus渐渐长大，成为全希腊最俊美的男子。
无数的少女对他一见倾心，可他却无情地拒绝了所有的人。
可是，有一天，Echo在森林里见到Narcissus，被他吸引，一见钟情。
Greek Mythology-中英文图解古希腊神话-1
Greek MythologyGreek Mythology is a group of traditional tales told by the ancient Greeks about the deeds of gods and heroes and their relations with ordinary human beings.The ancient Greeks worshiped many gods. Each Greek city-state had its own particular gods or goddesses and built temples in honor of them. The temple generally housed a statue of the god or gods. Stories about the gods were different. A god might have one set of charac-teristics in one city or region and quite different characteristics elsewhere. So each myth may have a number of versions.Greek gods can be divided into several groups. The earliest group was the Titans, led by Cronus. The most powerful group was the Olympians. The Greek gods and goddesses resembled human beings in their form, but this form was strongly idealized. resembled：与……类似Idealize：理想化的Version：版本Tale：传说”Characteristic：特征古希腊神话是古希腊人所讲述的关于诸神、英雄和凡人之间关系的系列故事。
阅读积累 ▏《希腊神话故事》内容简介+精彩片段+读后感
《希腊神话故事》读后感《希腊神话故事》描述的是一个神秘的、充满奇幻色彩的英雄世界。
在这个世界里,虽然神的力量占据着统治地位,但不同类型的英雄们仍然通过自己的努力,用勇气、美德、智慧等反抗着天意。
其中,俄狄浦斯、阿喀琉斯、赫拉克勒斯三位英雄给我留下了很深的印象。
俄狄浦斯一生与命运抗争,得知神谕”弑父娶母”的预言后,善良的俄狄浦斯走上了自我放逐的道路,并发誓永远不再回来,以避悲剧的发生。
他在底比斯凭借自己的聪明破解了斯芬克斯的谜题,拯救了成千上万的普通民众,当上了底比斯的国王。
虽然最后没能逃脱神谕的悲剧,但得知真相后的俄狄浦斯,勇敢承认自己的罪孽,让出王位,还刺瞎了自己的双眼以示惩戒。
他在无可逆转的命运面前表现出的勇敢正直、敢于承担责任的举动,让他完全当得起英雄的称号。
阿喀琉斯展现的是一个性情复杂而深刻的英雄形象。
虽有神谕说他年纪轻轻就会战死沙场,但他还是毫不犹豫地走上了同特洛伊人战斗的战场,勇敢承担起保家卫国的责任。
在战场上,他攻城略地,建立无数功勋。
当挚友被赫克托尔杀死后,重视友情的他重上战场,尽管在对待赫克托尔尸体一事上他表现出了凶残的一面,但面对泪流满面的老国王普里阿摩斯,他又流出温厚良的本性。
赫拉克勒斯也是希腊神话中著名的英雄之一。
他神勇无比、力大无穷,完成了十二项被称为”不可能完成”的任务。
除此之外，他还解救了补的普罗米修斯,隐藏身份参加了伊阿宋的英雄冒险队并协助他取得金羊毛。
他是唯一一个通过自己的功劳死后成为神的英雄,体现了古希腊人对英雄的感念和崇敬。
在奥林匹斯的诸多男神女神中,我最喜欢的就是智慧女神雅典娜了。
她是希腊神话中最重要的神之一,有着明亮的双眸和婀娜的体态。
雅典娜是宙斯的女儿,拥有同他父亲一般强大的力量,她坚毅、具有阳刚之气,不同于其他女神,所以她又是胜利女神。
雅典娜很受希腊人民的喜爱,人们对雅典娜抱有崇高的敬意。
在希腊,奥运会的终点设在帕提神庙,就是为了以奥运火炬传递来祭祀雅典娜。
Greek mythology(希腊神话)
The Olympin Gods
• Between Macedon and Thessaly of eastern Greece there stood a high mountain．Its cloudy top rushed into the very heavens．On the top of the mountain， the home of the gods was bathed in brightness． At Olympus Zeus ruled as the father of gods and men． Zeus was not a crude ruler by any standards．All the gods listened to his final words，it was true．But Zeus made them all sit on a committee of twelve members，including six gods and six goddesses．
旧神谱：旧神谱记载了天地的起源，最初 的宇宙一片混沌，从混沌(chaos)中最先生 出了大地（地神盖亚(Gaea)），接着在大 地底层出现了“黑暗”厄瑞玻斯(Erevus） 与“黑夜”尼克特(Night），两者结合生出 “光明”与“白昼”。大地又生出了“天 空”。地神盖亚与她的儿子天神乌拉诺斯 (Uranus)结合，生下了十二提坦巨神(泰坦 (Titans))及独目巨人、百臂巨人……。 新神谱：新神谱系，诸神都居于奥林匹斯 山上，有十二主神。
The golden fleece
• • • • • 来历 King Athamus Phrixus Helle Ino 金羊毛，不仅象征着财富，还象征着冒险 和不屈不挠的意志，象征着理想和对幸福 的追求。
Greek Mythology 希腊神话
Aphrodite (Venus)was
the goddess of love and beauty, Zeus's daughter. Although married to Hephaestus she had many lovers, most notably Ares. She was depicted as a beautiful woman usually accompanied by her son Eros. Her symbols include rose, scallop shell and myrtle wreath.
The Greek Mythology
“Greece is every Western man’s second nature.”
The eternal mythology
The Olympian Gods between Macedon
and Thessaly of eastern Greece there stood a high mountain. Its cloudy top rushed into the very heavens .On the top of the mountain ， the home of the gods was bathed in brightness.
Hephaestus
(Vulcan)
was the god of fire, metalworking, stonemasonry and sculpture. The son of Hera and Zeus, he is the smith of the gods and the husband of Aphrodite. He was usually depicted as a bearded lame man holding hammer and tongs—the tools of a smith—and riding a donkey. His symbols are the hammer and tongs. His sacred animals are the donkey, and the crane.
Greek mythology 希腊神话
Mount Olympus is the highest mountain in Greece standing at 9,570 feet (2,917 m). It is part of the Olympus massif near the Gulf of Thérmai of the Aegean Sea and lies astride the border between Macedonia and Thessaly. It is also designated as Upper Olympus, as opposed to Lower Olympus, an adjacent peak on the south rising to 5,210 feet (1,588 m).
Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to, and study the myths in an attempt to throw light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece, its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself.
希腊诸神 Greek Gods
Hephaestus,希腊神话中锻造技 艺异常高超的铁匠、砌石 及雕刻艺术之神。
罗马又称伏 尔坎（英语： Vulcan） 有人说，当 赫淮斯托斯 每一次敲打 时，便伴随 着一次地震 与火山的喷 发。
Hermes,希腊 神话中的 商业之神， 众神的使 者。
奥林匹斯统一后，他成为畜牧之神，是 宙斯的传旨者和信使。他也被视为行路 者的保护神、商人的庇护神、雄辩之神。 传说他发明了尺、数和字母。他聪明狡 猾，又被视为欺骗之术的创造者。他还 是七弦琴的发明者，是希腊各种竞技比 赛的庇护神。后来他又与古埃及的智慧 神托特混为一体，被认为是魔法的庇护
第三代神王——Jupiter
Jupiter，即Zeus,希腊神话中的主 神，第三任神王；科诺洛斯和瑞亚 之子，掌管天界；以贪花好色著称。 他以雷电为武器，维持着天地间的 秩序，公牛和鹰是他的标志。司长 光明、闪电、法律、秩序、宇宙。
左上为Tethys和Zeus 下图为Hera和 Zeus
Hyperion,希腊神话三位太阳神其一，是光 明最早的化身，代表太阳，因此是最 早的太阳神。
Thea,司长宝物、光亮、视力的女神，是 Hyperion的妻子和姐妹。
Oceanus,十二泰坦的老大，大洋河流 之神。
Themis,是法律和正义 的象征，也是宙斯 的第二位妻子。
Coeus,暗与智力之神。
的兄弟们都互不相让，眼看他们之间又要开战，这 时普罗米修斯提出用拈阄来决定。结果，Zeus做了 天上的王，波塞冬做了海里的王，哈迪斯做了地狱 的王。
也是人类之王， 所以人们往往描 绘他坐在精致的 宝座上。肃穆的 头部表现出驾御 风暴的力量，同 时也显示控制星 空的魅力。
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WHO DO YOU THINK WON?
OLIVES in GREEK CULTURE
• Olives grow on rocky land • Olive oil was used for providing light, rituals, exercise, medicine and, of course, food • Symbol of peace, wisdom, victory • Wreath in Olympic Games • Also a prize for the winners
• Glory to the winners • Represent your area • For Greeks this was City States • Let’s look at an Atlas!
The 2008 Olympics were held in Beijing, the 2000 Olympics were held in Sydney, where were the 2004 Olympics held?
ZEUS
MT OLYMPUS
• Home of Zeus and the other Greek Gods • From here Zeus, the god of the sky, threw his thunderbolts
SIMILARITIES BETWEEN ANCIENT AND MODERN OLYMPICS
CONTEST
• Athena presented the people of the city with an olive tree
CONTEST
• Neptune lightly touched the ground with his trident • Out of the ground came a spring
OLYMPICS
• The Olympics started in Greece • 776 BC • Town called Olympia
WHICH EVENTS DID THE ANCIENT GREEKS TAKE PART IN?
• • • • • • Boxing Discus Javelin Long Jump Wrestling Running
CERES
• Ceres said the neck was too long • So then Neptune created the Camel • But Ceres said the hump on the back was too big
NAMING OF ATHENS
• Athens was once a new city • Looking for a god to protect it • Athena and the god of the sea both volunteer
Neptune
• God of the sea • Carries a trident • When it touches the water it creates storms, and contact with the ground causes earthquakes • Epithet – earth shaker
ATHENA and ARACHNE
• Arachne’s tapestry makes fun of Zeus, Athena’s father • Athena is angry and attacks Arachne • Orders Arachne to bow down to her • Arachne says she would rather hang herself
REVENGE
• Since he lost, Neptune was angry • He flooded the plain surrounding Athens in his anger • Perhaps this is why the Parthenon sits on a hill
ARACHNE
NEPTUNE and CERES
• Ceres told Neptune that she might love him if he could make the most beautiful animal in the world • Neptune was very eager so he started working • First he created the Giraffe
• Athena’s tapestry depicted the contest of the naming d CERES
• Neptune fell in love with Ceres, the goddess of the earth • Farmers would pray to her • Epithet – “Chloe” which means blooming or verdant • But Ceres did not love him back • And Cupid did not help him!
MARS
• Son of Zeus and Juno • God of War • MARCH • Epithet – curse of men
Who’s this?
CUPID
• Son of Venus and Mars • Helped Venus • Had a bow and arrow • Wings • If he shot you with his arrow...
ATHENS
ATHENA
• That famous building, in Athens, is a temple to this goddess • She is the Greek Goddess of Wisdom and Crafts • Often called “bright eyed”
ARACHNE and the SPIDER
• Athena takes pity on the girl and changes her into a spider • Now spiders weave their webs like Arachne wove her tapestries
What is the English name for the 6th month?
GREEK MYTHOLOGY
week1
HOW THIS CLASS WORKS
• During class we will learn about some myths • These myths will involve a lot of names, but don’t worry! You already know some of them and we will review the names often! • But at the beginning of the next class there will be a quiz on the things learned in the previous class
PARTHENON
• The name of the temple in Athens • Inside was a statue of Athena • 9 or 11 meters tall • Holding a shield, and a little statue of the Goddess of Victory
• Athena
– Bright eyed – Hope of Soliders, WHY?
• Juno
– Ox eyed – Goddess of the white arms, WHY?
Do you recognize this picture?
VENUS
• Goddess of love • Epithet – laughing, WHY? • Had many different lovers • Among them was...
VENUS AND ADONIS
• One day Venus was playing with her son’s arrows • She pricked herself accidentally • Then saw a handsome youth named Adonis • Fell in love
TAPESTRY
ATHENA and ARACHNE
• Athena disguised herself as an old woman • Compliments Arachne • Warns her • Arachne is too proud • Athena reveals herself • Challenge
ATHENA and ARACHNE
• Arachne was a young woman in Greece • Very skilled weaver • But also very proud • Boasted that she was better at weaving than Athena
JUNO
• Juno is the wife of Zeus • Goddess of marriage • Often referred to as ox-eyed
EPITHET
• Word or phrase used to describe someone • Zeus
– Cloud gatherer – Master of the bright lightning, WHY?
ADONIS