最新英汉翻译练习之省略法
英译汉翻译技巧——省略法
省略法
首先请试译下面的句子：
Dr John resumed his experiment as soon as he came into the laboratory.
译文一：约翰博士一到实验室，他就继续做实验。 译文二：约翰博士一到实验室就继续做实验。
译文一将主从句的主语都译出，貌似“忠 实”，但产生歧义，可能让人以为“他”和”语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往可 将冠词省略。
A teacher should have patience in his work. 当教员的应当有耐心。（省略不定冠词A）
It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past.
试比较：……树叶从树上落下来，草也枯死了。 前者简明洗炼。
小结
1. 省译法不是任意省略、删减。从以上各例句中 不难看出，某些词语如果不删减，译文必定不够简 洁，或累赘不堪，甚至影响整体意思的表达。采用 省略法不仅使译文读起来流畅、自然，而且突出了 原文的整体意思。 2. 应该特别注意的是，省略绝不能影响原文的中 心思想和整体意思，否则就是违背“忠实”这一基 本原则。从原则上讲，翻译不能对原文内容作任何 删减，所以，采用省略法必须以不损害原文的内容 为前提。 3. 与增译法（amplification)相比,减省的情况要 少得多，所以，省略法要慎用，绝不可想删就删， 随心所欲。
Smoking is prohibited in public places. 公共场所不准吸烟。
（六）省略动词
英语句子中一般必须有谓语动词。而汉语的谓语 并不一定非由动词充当，形容词和名词等同样可 以作谓语。
When the pressure gets low, the boilingpoint becomes low. 气压低，沸点就低。
英语翻译之省略法
• 如果知道频率，就可以求出波长。 • 根据汉语习惯，某些用作宾语或同位语的反身代 词可省略不译。 • Why do we feel cooler when we fan ourselves? • 扇扇子时，我们为什么感到凉快些？ • ⑸省译动词 • ①谓语动词的省译。 • 谓语动词，是英语句中必不可少的成分。汉语则 不然，句中可以没有动词而直接用形容词、名词 或词组作谓语。所以，有些英语谓语动词汉译时 可以不译出，句子反而更为通顺有力。（了解汉 语这个特点，汉译英时，可把某些汉语中的形容 词、名词或词组译成动词。）
• 从语法和修辞的角度看，省略有下列几种情况： • ⑴省译冠词 • 英语中冠词用得很多，汉语中却没有冠词。汉译英时要 注意加上名词前面的冠词，而英译汉时，冠词往往可以 省译。 • 例：The rate of a chemical reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substance. • 化学反应的速度和反应物的浓度成正比。 • The basic function of the triode is as an amplifier. • 三极管的基本功能是作电流放大器。 • ⑵省译介词 • 英语中，词与词的关系通常是用介词来表示的。而汉语 中，词与词的关系是通过语序和逻辑关系
省略法
Ellipsis
• 词的省译 （The methods of omitting the word’s number） • 词的省译或叫省略法，指的是原文中的有些词， 译时不译出来。译文中虽无其词，但已有其意， 或是属于不言而喻，译出来反倒累赘或是违背译 文的语言习惯。省略译法的目的是为了使译文简 明扼要、通顺。要特别注意，省略法不是，也不 能删去其中的内容。 • ⒈ 英译汉时的省译
汉译英省略译法
中国足球的落后状态必须改变。
The backwardnss of the Chinese football must be changed.
总之，就全国范围来说，我们一定能够逐步顺利 解决沿海同内地贫富差距的问题。
In short, taking the country as a whole, I am confident that we can gradually bridge the gap between coasta略原文中的累赘语言
在工作中，我们必须避免犯不必要的错误。
We must avoid making mistakes in our work.
本公司生产的地毯美丽大方，光彩夺目，富丽堂 皇。
The carpets made in our company are beautiful and magnificent.
汉译英省略译法
1. 省略某些范畴词（category words) 汉语中的某些范畴词， 如“问题”、“状态”、 “工作”等，没有实质的意义，译成英语时往往 省略。 我想更多地了解美国的情况。 I would like to know more about the United States.
3. 省略原文中的重复部分 市场里人山人海，摩肩接踵，真可谓水泄不通。 The market is like a sea of people, jostling (推推搡搡）each other; you could say it is like an impassable stretch of water.
翻译重复和省略法练习
1、试译下列各句，注意保持原文的重复手段。
1. It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society.2. If once virtue is lost ,all is lost.3. Year after year and century after century the moon goes through itscycles.2、试译下列各句，注意用同义词表达原文中重复的词。
1. Easy come, easy go.2. No pains, no gains.3. A fall in the pit,m a gain in the wit.3、试译下列各句，用四字重叠词语表达原文中的斜体词。
1. The toasts were flat.2. It was not evasive in my reply.3. A slating sunlight dappled the grass.4、试译下列各句，用四字对偶词表达原文中的斜体字。
1. She is an awful fool of a woman.2. The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair.3. she told him of Johnsy’s fancy.5、试译下列各句，注意省略作主语的斜体人称代词。
1.I am 78years old, I have been confined to my room with a paralytic stroke for the past 14 months.2.Like his friend he had many wonderful ideas, but he only pout a few into practice.6、试译下列各句，注意省略作宾语的斜体代词。
英语翻译之省略法
• He declined to amplify on the President’s statement, since he had not read the text.
• 他没有看到总统讲话的文本,不愿意加以发挥. • If I had known it,I would not have joined in it.早知
• 众所周知，重量是地球作用在物体上的引力。
• ③强调句中的it，本身无词义，省译。 • 例 ： It is a man’s social being that
determines his thinking. • 是人们的社会存在，决定人们的思想。
• ⑺同义词或近义词的省译
• 英语中，特别是科技英语中，有些同义词 或近义词连在一起用，或者表示强调，使 意思更加明确，或者表示一个名称的不同 说法。英译汉时，往往只译其中的一个， 或把意思综合起来译即可。
• 例：When heated, gases act in exactly the same way as liquid acts.
• 气体受热时所发生的变化与液体完全一样。
• 在实践中，动词省译还见于下列两种情况： • •某些系动词，如be, become, get等，如以形容
词或介词短语作表语时，这类动词常可省译。
• 化学反应的速度和反应物的浓度成正比。
• The basic function of the triode is as an amplifier. • 三极管的基本功能是作电流放大器。 • ⑵省译介词
• 英语中，词与词的关系通常是用介词来表示的。而汉语 中，词与词的关系是通过语序和逻辑关系
• 来表示。所以，英译汉时，许多介词可省略不译。 比如，表示时间、地点的介词，译成汉语时出现 在句首的可省译。
汉译英-04省略法
汉译英讲议-04省略法1.省略冗词质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带正电，也不带负电。
A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutron has neither.我已经提前完成了交给我的工作，他也提前完成了交给他的工作。
I have fulfilled my assigned work ahead of schedule, so has he.2.省略概念性词语，如：“任务、工作、情况、问题、事业、局面”等执政党结束了那个时期的社会动荡和纷扰不安的局面。
The ruling party has put an end to the social unrest and upheaval of that time.这些都是人民内部矛盾问题。
All these are contradictions (disputes) among the people.她的朋友们听到她家中的困难情况后，都主动伸出了援助之手。
After her friends heard about her family difficulties, they offered her a helping hand.Hearing about her family difficulties, they all come to her help.练习：1.我们必须培养分析问题解决问题的能力。
We must cultivate the ability to analyze and solve problems.2.他一开口总是三句话不离本行。
He can hardly make a conversation without talking shop.3.每条河流都有上游、中游、下游。
Every river has its upper, middle and lower reaches.4.多年来这个国家的失业现象一直很严重。
省略法增译法练习(学生用)
省略法、增译法练习省略法1.Y ou cannot build a ship, a bridge or a house if you don’t know how to make adesign or how to read it.2.If you want to kill a snake you must hit it first on the head and if you want to catcha band of robbers you must first catch their leader.3.Truth is tough. It will not break, like a bubble, at a touch; nay, you may kick itabout all day like a football, and it will be round and full at evening.4.It was very easy for him to pour the whole bottle of wine into his throat.5.Men and women, old and young, all joined in the battle.6.If I had known it, I would not have joined in it.7.Smoking is prohibited in public places.8.For generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source totransport from place to place.9.She curtseyed again, and would have blushed deeper, if she could have blusheddeeper than she has blushed all the time.10.He was safe and sound.11.The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate thanthose of mechanical ones.12.He took off his coat and shoes. Then he put on his slippers，went to the sofa andbegan to watch TV. He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.13.He was well-favoured, bright, a good dancer, a fair shot and a fine tennis player.He was an asset at any party. He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate, and though he entertained little, when he did it was with an originality that pleased.14.Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.15.He was lazy, peevish, and a bon-vivant; the appearance of a lady frightened himbeyond measure; hence it was but seldom that he joined the paternal circle in Russell Square, where there was plenty of gaiety, and where the jokes of his good-natured old father frightened his amour-propre(self-esteem).16.It was a keen disappointment when I had to postpone the visit which I hadintended to pay to China in May. I was delighted when, as a result of the effort of your company, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.17.Part-time job hunters who have worked at a job will receive preference over thosewho have not.18.There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.增译法19.An American officer slipped on a banana skin.20.Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own.21.The footmen were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress.22.More thorough testing might have caught the failure initially.23.He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.24.The crowds melted away.25.Before she grew old, Aunt Harriet used to entertain lavishly.26.We have made some achievements, and we must guard against complacency.27.Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.28.He is a complicated man—moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak.29.The remedies you proposed are neat and easy but impossible.30.Newsmen went flying off to Mexico.31.I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release.32.Repeat the experiment using a wooden ruler, a piece of glass, a coin, a piece ofpaper, and a pin.33.The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without echo.34.For mistakes had been made, bad ones.35.Our rushing is understandable, but costly.36.Y ou got a prejudice all right—against a race that’s black. That’s why I called youwhite racists that night. But when you deal with a black person, I don’t feel any bad vices.37. Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man and writing an exact man.。
英译汉翻译技巧——省略法
英译汉翻译技巧——省略法省略法（ellipsis）是英汉翻译中常用的一种技巧，指的是在翻译过程中，将原文中的一些成分或内容省略掉，不翻译出来，以达到简洁明了的效果。
省略法在英汉翻译中非常常用，因为两种语言在表达方式和结构上存在很大的差异，在进行翻译时，适当地运用省略法能够更符合汉语的表达习惯。
一、省略法的分类根据省略的内容和形式，省略法可分为语义省略和结构省略。
1.语义省略语义省略是指在翻译过程中，省略掉原文中的一些内容，但仍然保留了原文的意义。
这类省略可以通过上下文的推理和理解来补足。
例如，原文中的“Do you want some tea?”可以省略为“Want some tea?”这样的表达。
在进行翻译时，我们可以根据前后文的信息，推测出原文主语是“you”，并在翻译中省略掉这个主语，直接翻译为“想要喝点茶吗？”。
2.结构省略结构省略是指在翻译过程中，省略掉原文中的一些句法结构或成分，以便更符合汉语的表达习惯。
例如，原文中的“I'm going to the store, do you want anything?”可以省略为“I'm going to the store, want anything?”这样的表达。
在进行翻译时，我们可以省略掉原文中的助动词“do”和主语“you”，以达到更简洁的表达效果。
二、运用省略法的原则1.保持语意的完整性在运用省略法时，应尽量保持原文语意的完整性，避免省略导致语意不清或解释不明的情况发生。
例如，原文中的“I'm going shopping. See you later!”可以省略为“I'm going shopping. See you!”这样的表达。
虽然省略了“later”，但是通过上下文的推测，读者仍然能够理解原文的意思。
2.保持句子结构的完整性在运用省略法时，应尽量保持句子结构的完整性，避免省略导致句子结构混乱或文法错误的情况发生。
英汉翻译法5——省略法
2.2.3 省略法省略法也被称为减词法(pruning)。
跟增词法刚好相反，省略法是指把原文中有的词语省掉不译出来，但省掉的都是一些可有可无的或违背译语语言习惯的词，如实词众的代词、动词的省略，虚词中的冠词、介词和连词的省略等，目的是为了在忠实的基础上使译文更加简洁通顺。
一、由于语法差异而需要省略：1．代词的省略：英语中代词的使用频率远远高于汉语，根据实际情况有时需要把代词所指代的人或事物重复出来，而有时则可以直接省掉，有人称代词（主格或宾格），物主代词等。
例1．Order is order. We cannot complain, we cannot bargain, we cannot question and we cannot suggest changes.命令就是命令，不得抱怨，不得讨价还价，不得置疑，不得建议修改。
例2．One must make painstaking efforts before one can master a foreign language.要掌握一门外语非下苦功夫不可.例3．He put his hands in his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.他把双手放进衣兜里，耸了耸肩。
例4． A person with nerve damage in the spinal cord can grasp objects when his or her forearms are activated by a device like this one.脊髓神经有损伤的人使用这样的装置后，前臂肌肉被激活，便能抓住东西。
2．It的省略：it作形式主语或宾语，强调句中的it，或表示自然现象、时间、地点、距离等的it常常可以省略。
例：P313．连接词的省略：英语是一种形合的语言，连接词使用较多；而汉语是一种意合的语言，上下文的关系往往是暗含的，所以原文的一些连接词常常可以省略。
翻译之省略法
I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice.
我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少数付诸实践了。
He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.
他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可怜相。
翻译之省略法.txt我这辈子只有两件事不会：这也不会，那也不会。人家有的是背景，而我有的是背影。 肉的理想，白菜的命。肉的理想，白菜的命。白马啊 你死去哪了！是不是你把王子弄丢了不敢来见我了。 一、从语法角度来看
（一）省代词
1．省略作主语的人称代词
（1）省略作主语的人称代词
冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（省略表示条件的连接词）
If I had known it, I would not have joined in to.
早知如此，我就不参加了。（省略表示条件的连接词）
John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother.
火车停了，约翰郁郁地站了起来，因为他想起了病中的母亲。（省略表示时间的连接词）
（四）省略冠词
1．英语有冠词，汉语没有冠词；因此，英译汉时往往可将冠词省略。
A teacher should have patience in his work.
当教员的应当有耐心。（省略不定冠词A）
The horse is a useful animal.
马是有益的动物。（省略定完词The）
It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past.
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Put the following sentences into Chinese, using the technique of omission.
1.If you give him an inch, he will take a mile.
2.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass
a large population and abound in natural resources.
3.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although
the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful.
4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone
share it.
5.
6.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given
man the practical result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others. 7.
8.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised
friendliness.
9.
10.N ever trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you.
11.T he true joy of joys is joy that joys in the joy of others.
12.F or generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief
energy source to transport man from place to place.
13.
14.I n order to survive, to feed, clothe and shelter himself and his
children, man is engaged in a constant struggle with nature.
1．
2．他这个人得寸进尺。
3．
4．这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。
5．
6．冬天是研究树木生长的最好季节，虽然树叶落了，树枝光了，但树木本身却很美丽。
7．说有饭大家吃并不完全正确。
8．
9．人类对科学的探索，对知识的追求，其实际结果是使自己有抵御天灾人祸的能力。
10．
11．他从容不迫，和蔼可亲。
12．不要自找麻烦。
13．与人同乐才是真乐。
14．
15．几十年来，煤和石油一直被认为是交通运输的主要能源。
16．为了生存，为了自己和子孙后代的衣食住行，人类和大自然不断进行斗争。