第17讲 长句的翻译

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夏第十七单元 长句二

夏第十七单元 长句二
第十七单元
长句翻译 嵌切拆插
一、翻译热身练习
二、翻译技巧:长句翻译 嵌切拆插 三、思考与练习
一、Warming Up Exercises (翻译下列句子) 1. Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. 2. The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. 3. It is becoming less clear , that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a mojor goal.
第十七单元 长句翻译 嵌切拆插
2. Dividing 切分法 By means of dividing, we may break up a long English sentence into different parts according to its sense groups, and then translate each part one by one into Chinese. e.g. Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs.

长句的翻译

长句的翻译

长句的翻译1.什么是英语长句?英语长句一般指的是各种复杂句,复杂句里可能有多个从句,从句与从句之间的关系可能包孕、嵌套,也可能并列,平行。

所以翻译长句,实际上我们的重点主要放在对各种从句的翻译上。

从功能来说,英语有三大复合句,即:①名词性从句,包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句;②形容词性从句,即我们平常所说的定语从句;③状语从句。

2.英语长句的特点是什么?一般说来,英语长句有如下几个特点:1)结构复杂,逻辑层次多;2)常须根据上下文作词义的引申;3)常须根据上下文对指代词的指代关系做出判断;4)并列成分多;5)修饰语多,特别是后置定语很长;6)习惯搭配和成语经常出现。

3.英语长句的分析方法是什么?1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语,即句子的主干结构;2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;3)分析从句和短语的功能,例如,是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词,短语和从句之间的关系;4)分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分。

4.长句翻译方法In Africa I met a boy,who was crying as if his heart would break and said,when I spoke to him,that he was hungry because he had had no food for two days.分析:第一,拆分句子:这个长句可以拆分为四段:In Africa I met a boy/who was crying as if his heart would break/when I spoke to him,that he was hungry because/he had had no food for two days. 第二,句子的结构分析:(1)主干结构是主语+过去式+宾语:I met a boy…。

长句的翻译

长句的翻译

1. 确定主语, 谓语, 掌握中心思想 1) Allergic reactions may occur in a large percentage of normal individuals without evident hereditary qualities. 变态反应可能在大部分无明显遗传素质的正常人身上发生. 2) In some patients inability to describe their distress of atypical localization and symptomatology may make it impossible to appraise the condition with assurance on the initial examination. 有些病人不能够说明其疼痛情况, 疼痛的部位及其症状不典型, 因而 不可能于初次检查时确定其病情. 3) Comprehensive and specific prophylactic measures VS (versus) atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease are impossible without proper understanding of the etiology of these diseases. 对动脉粥样硬化症及缺血性心脏病的病因缺乏充分了解, 就不可能 对其采取全面特殊的预防性措施.
19。As the case may be 视情况而定 20. As the matter/case stands 照目前情况来看 21. As things are/go 照目前情况来看 22. As though 好象; 似乎 23. As usual 照例; 照常 24. As well 同样也 25. As well as 既---又, 不仅-----而且, 象----一样 26. As yet 到目前为止 27. Be that as it may 尽管如此 28. In as much as 由于, 既然 29. In so far as possible 尽可能 30. In so far as 就----来说, 在----的范围内, 到----的程度

翻译学之长句的翻译(朱云汉)

翻译学之长句的翻译(朱云汉)

• 曾进行暴风骤雨般革命的、身上有战争 伤疤的老共产党人,今天展示了一幅建 设一个和平、繁荣的现代中国的充满热 情的蓝图。
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随 笔
变(逆)序译法
• Solutions of the problem of old age have to be considered against a historical background of slow but substantial changes in Chinese family structure, caused by rising living standards and family planning. • 由于人民生活水平的不断提高以及计划 生育,中国的家庭结构发生着缓慢却又 具有实质性的变化,必须根据这一历史 背景考虑人到老年(人)的问题。
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随 笔
A great number of graduate students were driven into the intellectual slums when in the United States the intellectual poor ① became the classic poor, the poor under the rather romantic guise of the Beat Generation, ② a real phenomenon in the late fifties. ③ 50年代后期,美国出现了一种任何人都不可 能视而不见的现象,③穷知识分子以“垮掉的 一代”这种颇为浪漫的姿态出现而成为美国典 型的穷人②:正是在这个时候,大批大学毕业 生被赶进知识分子贫民窟。①。
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• The battle-scarred old communists who once made stormy revolution unfurled a passionate blueprint today for a modern, peaceful and prosperous China.

第17讲 长句的翻译

第17讲 长句的翻译

17.3 分译法
Happiness is like a visitor, a genial, exotic Aunt Tilly, who turns up when you least expect, orders an extravagant round of drinks and then disappears, trailing a lingering scent of gardenias. 幸福就像一位和蔼可亲、带有异国情调来拜 访你的蒂莉姨妈。她在你最意想不到的时 候来临,大大方方请你喝酒,然后翩然离 去,留下缕缕栀子花的清香弥漫在你周围
Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各种机器零件无论多么脏,形状多么不规则, 当它们用超声波处理后,可以被洗得非常 干净,甚至干净得像新零件一样
We depend upon the sun's rays for the light and warmth which keep us alive, but there are some kinds of rays from the sun which would burn us to death if we were not protected from them 我们靠太阳的光和热生存,但是太阳光中有 几种射线会把我们烧死,如果我们不加防 护的话。
第17讲 长句的翻译
Translation of Long Sentences

英语长句的汉译

英语长句的汉译

英语长句的汉译【摘要】英语长句往往结构错综复杂,常常令译者无从下手。

英语长句除了主、谓、宾(表)这个主干外,还携带各种修饰成分(如从句、短语或独立主格等),其定语或状语可以一环套一环。

而汉语句子短,动词多,语序比较固定,讲究对称。

英语长句汉译时,使译文语言通顺流畅,既符合汉语的表达习惯,又忠实于原文,是一件难事。

本文探讨了英语长句翻译的一些方法,以便正确地译出原文意思。

【关键词】英语;长句;汉译英译汉中翻译英语长句是一大难题。

有些英语句子除了主、谓、宾(表)这个主干外,还携带各种修饰成分(如从句、短语或独立主格等),其定语或状语可以一环套一环,修饰中另有修饰或限定,形成了峰回路转、错综复杂的长句结构。

而汉语句子短,动词多,语序比较固定,讲究对称。

对于母语是汉语的人来说,要做到译文语言通顺流畅,既符合汉语的表达习惯,又忠实于原文,是一件不容易的事。

翻译长句时,首先要弄清原文的句法结构,找出整个句子的中心内容及各层次的意思,然后分析几个层意思之间的相互逻辑关系,再按照汉语的特点和表达方式,正确地译出原文意思,不拘泥于原文的形式。

本文介绍了六种英语长句汉译的翻译方法。

1、顺序法顺序翻译法是经常使用,也是最便利的翻译方法。

就是指基本上按英语句子的语序把英语长句“化整为零”,即,就是在英语原句的连接处,如使用关联词语处、并列或转接处、后续成分与主体连接处等以及按意群将英语的长句断开翻译成若干汉语分句。

(1)But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology.译文:但是艺术历史注意的不仅仅是这些,因为艺术反映的不单是一个民族的政治价值观,而且还有他们的宗教信仰、情感和心理特点。

长句翻译

长句翻译

He returned … … to a ruined plantation
where (非限定性定语从句)
to whom(限定性定语从句)
whose(限定性定语从句)
【译文】他带着李将军颁发给他的英勇奖状回到已经毁坏了的种植园。在这里他 女儿一年来部分地靠沃许 (Wash)的一点点施舍过活。沃许就是15年前经他允 许住进他过去钓鱼时住过的破败的小屋的那个人,此时他连这间破屋的存在都已 忘却了。
翻译方法
• 顺序法 • • • • 英语:长句表达复杂的概念 汉语:短句做层次分明叙述
英语长句
汉语短句
顺序法
• 长句翻译最常用的方法当然不 是逐字翻译,也不排斥个别词或词组的倒 置。 顺译首先仍要抓中心、找关键。如果是简 单句,就要抓出中心词、中心意义。
分译法
• 分译法也叫拆句译法,是把原文句子中的个别词、 短语、或从句分离出来,单独译出,自成短句, • 或把原文的一个句子分成两个或两个以上的句子, • 即根据原文的意思层次,按汉语的习惯把英语长 句的从句与主句、从句与从句、短语与短语分开, 这样层次分明,意义清楚。
• Human beings have distinguished themselves from other animals, and in doing so ensured their survival, by the ability to observe and understand their environment and then either to adapt to that environment or to control and adapt it to their own needs. • 人类把自己和其他动物区分开来。人类这样做的结果是保 证了自己的生存。人类首先具有观察和了解周围环境的能 力,然后再适应或控制环境,或根据自身的需要改造环境。 • 人类把自己和其他动物区分开来。与此同时,人类还具有 观察和了解周围环境的能力。他们要么控制环境,或根据 自身的需要改造环境。人类就这样一代代的生存下来。

汉语长句的翻译

汉语长句的翻译

长句的翻译是建立在字词和短句翻译基础之上的,同时,长句翻译也是构成篇章翻译的较大单位,处理好了,篇章翻译的质量也就有了保证。

汉语是一种重意合(parataris)、含蓄而又主题突出( topic - prominent)的语言,它具有形式不够具体、成分省略较多、较难确认句子中的主谓成分等特点。

汉语的构句非常注重语义的连贯,所呈现的叙事特点是平铺直叙。

逻辑顺序是汉语构句所遵循的规律,因为汉语在时间上重视“先后顺序”,在逻辑上重视“前因后果关系”。

英语是一种重形合(hypotaxis)、明确、主语突出( subject - prominent)的语言,词形变化多,句子中名词和介词占优势,词与词的结合不像汉语那么自由,它更重视句子形式上的严密法则。

2汉语长句的断句的原则及翻译长句是指字数较多、结构复杂、含有多层语义的句子。

一般来说,汉语的长句有两种: 一种长句是内容丰富、陈述比较细致、成份多而复杂的句子;另一种长句是由复句组成的多重复句,这种表达事物间的逻辑关系的句子,能清楚、明确地说明事物间的联系。

长句之所以要进行断句,是因为汉语句子的结构比较松散,句界比较模糊,多是无连词的复句。

几个逻辑上有关系的独立句子凑到一起,用逗号隔开,就可以组成一个复合句,或者一个主语后面有一系列表并列关系的连动句式,就可以组成一个复合句进行话题评述。

汉语句子总的特点是多用动词,尽可能地省略关联词,大量运用“意合句”和“连动句”。

它的结构是线条式的,不管多少定语和多少复杂的结构形式,都可以一一排列起来组成一个结构严谨的完整的句子。

此外,汉语长句内的分句往往就是一个表示完整意义的句子,可以单列成句。

汉译英时要注意辨明原句中各部分之间的实质关系,首先找出主干,即主语和谓语动词,然后打破原句中的时间和逻辑顺序,按原句中各个组成部分之间不同性质的关系对句子结构重新组织排列,以达到结构严谨、关系明确的目的,使之符合英语的表达习惯。

如果按汉语的结构进行翻译,翻译出来的英语就会成为一个一个简单的独立句,相互之间没有联系,这并不符合英语的句子结构。

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We depend upon the sun's rays for the light and warmth which keep us alive, but there are some kinds of rays from the sun which would burn us to death if we were not protected from them 我们靠太阳的光和热生存,但是太阳光中有 几种射线会把我们烧死,如果我们不加防 护的话。
第17讲 长句的翻译
Translation of Long Sentences
... and the rest of the morning was easily whiled away, in lounging round the kitchen garden, examining the bloom upon the walls, and listening to the garderner's lamentations upon blights, in dawdling through the greenhouse, where the loss of her favourite plants, unwarily exposed, and nipped by the lingering frost, raised the laughter of Charlotte, and in visiting her poultry-yard, where in the disappointed hopes of her dairy-maid, by hens forsaking their nests, or being stolen by a fox, or in the rapid decease of a promising young brood, she found fresh sources of merriment. ... ...大家来到菜园,一面观赏墙上的花朵,一面听着园丁抱 大家来到菜园, 大家来到菜园 一面观赏墙上的花朵, 怨种种病虫。接着走进温室, 怨种种病虫。接着走进温室,因为霜冻结束得晚再加上管 理不慎,夏洛特最喜爱的几种花草被冻死了, 理不慎,夏洛特最喜爱的几种花草被冻死了,逗得她哈哈 大笑。最后来到了家禽饲养场, 大笑。最后来到了家禽饲养场,听饲养员沮丧地说起老母 鸡不是弃巢而去,就是被狐狸叼走, 鸡不是弃巢而去,就是被狐狸叼走,一窝小鸡本来很有希 不想纷纷死去,于是夏洛特又发现了新的笑料。 望,不想纷纷死去,于是夏洛特又发现了新的笑料。就这 上午余下的时间很快便消磨过去了。 样,上午余下的时间很快便消磨过去了。
Various machine parts can be washed very clean and will be as clean as new ones when they are treated by ultrasonics, no matter how dirty and irregularly shaped they may be. 各种机器零件无论多么脏,形状多么不规则, 当它们用超声波处理后,可以被洗得非常 干净,甚至干净得像新零件一样
As for the unfortunate people who can command everything they want, who can gratify every caprice and lay their hands on alomst every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement is only an additional satiation. 至于那些不幸的人,他们拥有自己想要的一 切东西,他们的任何奇想都能得到满足, 并能得到他们渴望弄到手的每一件东西 ---对他们来说,新的乐趣、新的刺激只不过 是再一次厌腻 。
The development of industrial technology largely strengthened human physical capabilities, enabling people to harness more energy, process and shape materials more easily, travel faster, and so on while the development of microelectronics extends mental capabilities, enabling electric "intelligence" to be closely related to a wide range of products and processes.
Free template from
17.1 顺译法 Translation in Original Order In this chapter, we shall take a closer look at the structure of a few particularly interesting atoms and molecules in order to see how they are fitted to the use man makes of them. 在本章中,我们将更仔细地研究一下几天特 别有趣的原子和分子的结构。看看怎样使 它ppiness is like a visitor, a genial, exotic Aunt Tilly, who turns up when you least expect, orders an extravagant round of drinks and then disappears, trailing a lingering scent of gardenias. 幸福就像一位和蔼可亲、带有异国情调来拜 访你的蒂莉姨妈。她在你最意想不到的时 候来临,大大方方请你喝酒,然后翩然离 去,留下缕缕栀子花的清香弥漫在你周围
联合国已经成立25年了,我们不能不承认今天的世界在一切主要 方面所发生的变化,特别是一些新兴国家出现后国际生活所发 生的变化,所有这些变化都使得我们有义务找出新的方案,使 本组织的基本原则适应当前的形势。同时要把本组织在四分之 一世纪中所取得的经验和本组织的存在所依据的理想考虑进去。
Practice
17.2 逆译法 Translation in Reverse Order Although her characters were portrayed in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another. 如果幸福是建立在另一个人的痛苦之上,那 就没有人会有幸福。她的这种深切信念反 映在一些人生结局通常都很悲惨的人物身 上,虽然她笔下的人物出现在多种多样的 背景和情节中。
25 years after the founding of the United Nations we can not fail to recognize the changes that have occured in the world of today in all essential aspects and, most particularly, with respect to international life upon the emergence of new States, all of which makes it incumbent upon us to find new formula to bring the constituent principles of the Organization up to date taking into account the experience gained over a quarter of a centruy and the ideals that justify its existence.
Practice
And I take heart from the fact that the enemy, which boasts that it can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours, has not yet been able to take even the outlying regions, because of the stiff resistance that gets in the way. 由于受到顽强抵抗阻挡,吹嘘能在几小时内 就占领战略要地的敌人甚至没有能占领外 围地带,这一事实使我增强了信心。
This dual (double) quality of being sensitive to, and curious about, small accidental occurrences, and of possessing a frame of reference capable of suggesting their true significance, is probably what Pasteur meant when he said "chance benefits only the prepared mind." 巴斯德曾说过:“机遇只对有准备的人有 益。”这很可能就意味着这种双重性:对 一些微小的偶发事件敏感和好奇;又能识 别这些偶发事件的真正意义。
工业技术的发展大大增强了人的体力,使人们能更广泛地利用 能源,更方便第对材料进行加工和成型,更快地进行旅游等 等,而微电子的发展则增强了人的智力,使电子“智能”用 于各种各样的产品和过程
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