第七讲 汉英语篇翻译1
英语本科段自学考试英汉翻译教程Unit 7 Literature.doc
Unit 7 Literature (2)Lesson 19(E—C)East of Eden(1)By John SteinbeckThe Salinas Valley is in Northern California. It is a long narrow swale betwwen two ranges of mountains, and the Salinas River winds and twists up the center until it falls at last into Monterey Bay.I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers. I remember where a toad may live and what time the irds awaken in the summer—and what trees and seasons smelled like—how people looked and walked and smelled even. The memory of odors is very rich.I remember that the Gabilan Mountains to the east of the valley were light gay mountains full of sun and loveliness and a kind of invitation, so that you wanted to climb into their warm foothills almost as you want to climb into the lap of a beloved mother. They were beckoning mountains with a brown grass love. The Santa Lucias stood up against the sky to the west and kept the valley from the open sea, and they were dark and brooding—unfriendly and dangerous. I always found in myself a dread of west and a love of east. Where I ever got such an idea I cannot say, unless it could be that the morning came over the peaks of the Gabilans and the night drifted back from the ridges of the Santa Lucias. It may be that the birth and death of the day had some part in my feeling about the two ranges of mountains.From both sides of the valley little streams slpipped out of the hill canyons and fell into the bed of the Salinas River. In the winte of wet years the streams ran full-freshet, and they swelled the river until sometimes it raged and boiled, bank full, and then it was a destroyer. The river tore the edges of the farm lands and washed whole acres down; it toppled barns and houses into itself, to go floating and bobbing away. It trapped cows and pigs and sheep and drowned them in its muddy brown water and carried them to the sea. Then when the late spring came, the river drew in from its edges and the sand banks appeared. And in the summer the river didn’t run at all above ground. Some pools would be left in the deep swirl places under a high bank. The tules and grasses grew back, and willows straightened up with the flood debris in their upper branches. The Salinas was only a part-time river. The summer sun drove it underground. It was not a fine river at all, but it was the only one we had and so we boasted about it—how dangerous it was in a wet winter and how dry it was in a dry summer. You can boast about anything if it’s all you have. Maybe the less you have, the more you are required to boast.(from John Steinbeck, East of Eden, Chapter1)译文：萨利内斯河谷位于加利福民亚州北部。
unit 7 课文翻译
爱意味着永远不会说“找工作去”我和我大学时的恋人结婚将近24年了。
那时候我并没有意识到比尔让我最倾心的创业精神竟然是引起无比兴奋和深深焦虑的不竭源泉。
正是经济大萧条使我明白了，所有的完美计划和梦想都可能在远强于我们自身的强大力量下改变。
正是我们在这个动荡分化时期的所作所为才能说明我们到底是怎样的人。
我的丈夫？在他频繁转换工作的那几个月里，我发现他喜欢清理车库。
在我们获得了商科硕士学位以后，比尔和我跟随第一波技术大发展的浪潮来到硅谷安顿下来。
我的工作是市场营销和广告策划，而他在一家新成立的公司找到了一份工作，这家公司很快就由Cisco System收购。
他留了下来，并帮助Cisco建立起了无线网络业务。
而后，他又最终离开了这家公司进入了另一家新兴企业，这一次他是去当公司的CEO。
他还成功地卖掉了那家公司，然后休息了一段时间。
我们有三个孩子，在Palo Alto有一栋很好的房子，而且我们感到前途会一片光明。
我们生活在美国梦里。
我们到处旅游。
我们去做义工。
我们购买了很多艺术品。
我们忙着买东买西，没有注意到连我们的车库都装得满满的了。
那似乎就是生活应有的样子。
比尔很快又加入了Google，帮助他们开拓新的业务。
他不必像在创业公司那么拼命地干，但日子还不错。
稳定有其积极的一面。
他有时间回家吃饭，而且还可以给孩子们的运动队当教练。
还有，他喜欢他的那些更为年轻的同事们的精气神和智慧。
接着，大萧条来了。
我们目睹了朋友、家庭甚至整个国家都失去了工作，失去了住所，失去了全部的稳定感。
我们本以为有免疫力，可以躲过这一劫。
看看Facebook, Twitter, YouTube吧：难道硅谷又起火了吗？但是这种低迷滑坡却伤害了每一个人，包括那些高速发展的科技公司。
Google重组了，很快比尔受雇所做的工作也变得不再那么令人振奋了。
他决定冒个险，辞职不干工作了。
我很焦虑。
难道他疯了么？这个世界在萎缩，而他也不会再变得年轻。
新编第7册译文汇总最终版20170317
新编英语教第7册译文汇总最终版20170317 Unit OneTEXT I English and american concepts of space TEXT II Private spaceUnit TwoTEXT I TouristsTEXT II Chestnut street from a fire escapeUnit ThreeTEXT I The subwayTEXT II Living in two worldsUnit FourTEXT I Style and purposeTEXT II Pub or groggery?Unit FiveTEXT I The santa anaTEXT II The dust-blanketed LandUnit SixTEXT I How to get Things doneTEXT II Now that Im organizedUnit SevenTEXT I The aims of educationTEXT II Another school Year-why?Unit EightTEXT I Fifth avenue,uptown:a letter from harlem TEXT II The civil rights Movement:what good was it? Unit NineTEXT I Roots of FreedomTEXT II The philosopher and the conquerorUnit TenTEXT I Fear of dearthTEXT II The backpackerUnit ElevenTEXT I Beyond invalidism,part oneTEXT II Beyond invalidism,part TwoUnit TwelvenTEXT I Charles DarwinTEXT II Charles DarwinUnit ThirteenTEXT I The scopes trialTEXT II The trial that rocked the worldUnit FourteenTEXT I Reading the riverTEXT II The wildernessReferencesUnit OneText I English and American Concepts of Space Edward T. Hall英国人和美国人的空间概念人们说英国人和美国人是被同一种语言分离开的两个伟大的民族。
Unit7教材听力原文及译文
UNIT 7Section A1b Listen and write these city names in the boxes above.Conversation 1Tom: Hey,Peter.Peter: Hi, Tom.Tom: How’s the weather down there in Shanghai? Peter. It’s cloudy. How’s the weather in Moscow? Tom: It’s snowing right now.Conversation 2Peter: Hi,Aunt Sally.Aunt Sally: Hello, Peter.Peter: How’s the weather in Boston?Aunt Sally: Oh, it’s windy.Conversation 3Peter: So, how’s the weather in Beijing?Julie: It’s sunny.Conversation 4Peter: Hi, Uncle Bill.Uncle Bill: Hello, Peter.Peter: How’s the weather in Toronto?Uncle Bill: It’s raining, as usual!2a Listen and number the pictures［1-4］. Jim: Hello, Linda. This is Jim.Linda:Hello, Jim!Jim: Is Uncle Joe there?Linda: No, he isn’t. He’s outside.Jim: Out side? It’s cold, is n’t it?Linda: No, it’s sunny and really warm.Jim: What’s Uncle Joe doing?Linda: He’s playing basketball.Jim: Is Aunt Sally there?Linda: Yes, she is, but she’s busy right now.Jim: What’s she doing?Linda: She’s cooking.Jim: How abo ut Mary? What’s she doing?Linda: Not much. She’s only watching TV. You want to talk to her, don’t you?听录音，在上面方框中写出这些城市的名字。
Unit7textA 原文与翻译
Unit7Some languages resist the introduction of new words. Others, like English, seem to welcome them. Robert MacNeil looks at the history of English and comes to the conclusion that its tolerance for change represents deeply rooted ideas of freedom.有些语言拒绝引入新词。
另一些语言，如英语，则似乎欢迎新词的引入。
罗伯特·麦克尼尔回顾英语的历史，得出结论说，英语对变化的包容性体现了根深蒂固的自由思想。
The Glorious Messiness of EnglishRobert MacNeil 1 The story of our English language is typically one of massive stealing from other languages. That is why English today has an estimated vocabulary of over one million words, while other major languages have far fewer.英语中绚丽多彩的杂乱无章现象罗伯特·麦克尼尔我们的英语的历史是典型的大量窃取其它语言的历史。
正因为如此，今日英语的词汇量据估计超过一百万，而其它主要语言的词汇量都要小得多。
2 French, for example, has only about 75,000 words, and that includes English expressions like snack bar and hit parade. The French, however, do not like borrowing foreign words because they think it corrupts their language. The government tries to ban words from English and declares that Walkman is not desirable; so they invent a word, balladeur, which French kids are supposed to say instead -- but they don't.例如，法语只有约75,000个单词，其中还包括像snack bar（快餐店）和hit parade（流行唱片目录）这样的英语词汇。
Unit 7 参考译文
两个世界之间他们是陌生人，但他们已经知道彼此的故事。
因此，当24岁的莫娜•拉曼告诉其他五位一起在纽约吃晚饭的同伴，她那级为严厉的父母从不让她在朋友家过夜时，引起大家会心的笑声。
32岁的格雷丝•张•卢卡莱丽拖着长腔、用柔和的德克萨斯口音回忆说：由于她是镇上为数不多的亚裔美国人之一，因此，“受到人们的嘲笑”，对此同伴们也是同情地、但更为严肃地点了点头。
围桌而坐的有的在德州农村长大的、新泽西郊区长大的，也有纽约州北部地区的，弗吉尼亚小城镇的和真正的橙子郡（加利福尼亚南部橙子郡）。
但他们的父母是从印度、菲律宾、韩国、孟加拉和中国移民到美国的。
他们所分享的,是那种像是亚裔-美国人这个词中连接着亚洲人和美国人的“那个连字符一样的感觉”，31岁的韩裔美国人叙泽特赢得哈斯说道。
直到40年前，即1965年，当林登•B•约翰逊总统签署了《移民和国籍法》时,他们的特殊身份才得到确认。
20世纪初的驱逐法使亚洲移民大量减少。
在1965年《民权法案》生效后，纽约大学社会学家勒米那・亚瑟说，"废除了移民法里的种族主义因素"。
涌入的移民抵达美国，苦苦寻觅其社会的位置，并最终被同化吸收，这些便构成了美国移民的故事。
但是1965年后移民来的亚洲人群体不同于更早移民来的西方犹太人、爱尔兰和意大利人。
亚洲移民的独特面貌可能使他们更加难以融入，但同时，他们的高等教育水平和高技能让他们更快的进入中产阶层。
他们不是紧紧聚集在城市内民族聚集区，而是分散到效区，在那里他们往往是孤立的。
正是在那儿（与外界世界隔离的郊区）他们的孩子长大成人，如今年龄在20至40岁之间，他们生活在两种社会之间：一个是不久前移民至此的父母在家中极力维持的传统领域，另一个是大门外社会里飞速变化的西方文化。
纽约大学移民历史学家大卫・瑞墨说，"65后这一代真的与众不同"，"同化速度要快得多"。
"模范少数民族"这一概念因这代人而生，他们主要由于学业上的巨大成就而得到认可，这也反映了他们父母追求某种成功的动力。
book7unit1词汇讲解(后面附有词汇练习翻译的句子)
12.
a bit和a little a bit修饰名词时,必须加介词of,即a bit of +n. a little可直接修饰名词，即a little + n. not a bit=not at all 一点也不 not a little=not slightly, much ---Are you tired? ---Not a bit. He didn’t eat a little. 他吃了很多。
相关词组:
在那时 at one time_________ 同时;一度,曾经 at that time____________ 同时;但 (at) any time__________ 在任何时候;随时 at the same time_________ at no time_________ 有时;间或 在任何时候都不;决不 at times____________ at all times__________ 随时;总是
Joe 不喜欢让别人等待，换句话说，他总是信守诺 言，按时做事。另外，他还是个外向、随和的人。 有空的时候，他喜欢和人面对面地交谈，从来不 和别人吵架。总之，他所有的朋友都喜欢他，因 为他能和他周围的每个人相处得很好。
6.clumsy
(1)笨拙的,不灵巧的 You, clumsy guy！You’ve knocked over my coffee！
Maria 虽然残疾，却能够做到一些正常人不能做 到的事情，她为残疾人树立了一个好榜样。不 仅是那些残疾人，我们也被她克服困难的勇气 和能力鼓舞。
fine
合适（的）
4. beneficial adj 有益的;受益的 be beneficial to…=be of great benefit to 对什么有益 benefit n. 益处 for sb’s benefit=for the benefit of… vi. 得益 vt.对什么有益 A benefit B--- B benefits from/by A 阳光对植物有益. Sunshine ___ _____ is ______ beneficial to plants. is__ of benefit to plants. Sunshine ___ ______ ____ benefits plants. Sunshine __________ Plants _____ __________sunshine. benefits from
高中英语课文原文翻译必修一选修七-Word-文档.doc
选修7 Unit 1 Living well-ReadingMARTY’S STORYHi, my name is Marry Fielding and I guess you could say that I am "one in a million". In other words, there are not many people like me. You see, I have a muscle disease which makes me very weak, so I can't run or climb stairs as quickly as other people. In addition, sometimes I am very clumsy and drop things or bump into furniture. Unfortunately, the doctors don't know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability. My motto is: live One day at a time.Until I was ten years old I was the same as everyone else. I used to climb trees, swim and play football. In fact, I used to dream about playing professional football and possibly representing my country in the World Cup. Then I started to get weaker and weaker, until I could only enjoy football from a bench at the stadium. In the end I went into hospital for medical tests. I stayed there for nearly three months. I think I had at least a billion tests, including one in which they cut out a piece of muscle from my leg and looked at it under a microscope. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.One problem is that I don't look any different from other people. So sometimes some children in my primary school would laugh, when I got out of breath after running a short way or had to stop and rest halfway up the stairs. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so my education suffered. Every time I returned after an absence, I felt stupid because I was behind the others.My life is a lot easier at high school because my fellow students have accepted me. The few who cannot see the real person inside my body do not make me annoyed, and I just ignore them. All in all I have a good life. I am happy to have found many things I can do, like writing and computer programming. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Last year invented a computer football game and a big company has decided to buy it from me. I have a very busy life with no time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. As well as going to the movies and football matches with my friends, I spend a lot of time with my pets. I have two rabbits, a parrot, a tank full of fish and a tortoise. To look after my pets properly takes a lot of time but I find it worthwhile. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.In many ways my disability has helped me grow stronger psychologically and become more independent. I have to work hard to live a normal life but it has been worth it. If I had a chance to say one thing to healthy children, it would be this: having a disability does not mean your life is not satisfying. So don't feel sorry for the disabled or make fun of them, and don't ignore them either. Just accept them for who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.Thank you for reading my story.A LETTER TO AN ARCHITECTLook at the pictures. Discuss the problems that people with walking difficultiesmight have in a cinema.Ms L Sanders Alice MajorChief architect 64 Cambridge Street Cinema Designs Bankstown44 Hill StreetBankstown24 September, 200__Dear Ms Sanders,I read in the newspaper today that you are to be the architect for the new Bankstown cinema.I hope you will not mind me writing to ask if you have thought about the needs of disabled customers. In particular I wonder if you have considered the following things:1 Adequate access for wheelchairs. It would be handy to have lifts to all parts of the cinema. The buttons in the lifts should be easy for a person in a wheelchair to reach, and the doors be wide enough to enter. In some cinemas, the lifts are at the back of the cinema in cold, unattractive places. As disabled people have to use the lifts, this makes them feel they are not as important as other customers.2 Earphones for people who have trouble hearing. It would help to fit sets of earphones to all seats, not just to some of them. This would allow hearing-impaired customers to enjoy the company of their hearing friends rather than having to sit in a special area.3 Raised seating. People who are short cannot always see the screen. So I'd like to suggest that the seats at the back be placed higher than those at the front so that everyone can see the screen easily. Perhaps there could be a space at the end of each row for people in wheelchairs to sit next to their friends.4 Toilets. For disabled customers it would be more convenient to place the toilets near the entrance to the cinema. It can be difficult if the only disabled toilet is in the basement a long way from where the film is showing. And if the doors could be opened outwards, disabled customers would be very happy.5 Car parking. Of course, there are usually spaces specially reserved for disabled and elderly drivers. If they are close to the cinema entrance and/or exit, it is easier for disabled people to get to film in comfort.Thank you for reading my letter. I hope my suggestions will meet with your approval. Disabled people should have the same opportunities as able-bodied people to enjoy the cinema and to do so with dignity.I am sure many people will praise your cinema if you design it with good access for disabled people. It will also make the cinema owners happy if more people go as they will make higher profits!Yours sincerely,Alice Major选修7 Unit 2 Robots - ReadingSATISFACTION GURANTEEDLarry Belmont worked for a company that made robots. Recently it had begun experimenting with a household robot. It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife, Claire.Claire didn't want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. It would be a bonus. However, when she first saw the robot, she felt alarmed. His name was Tony and he seemed more like a human than a machine. He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.On the second morning Tony, wearing an apron, brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing. She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go. It was disturbing and frightening that he looked so human.One day, Claire mentioned that she didn't think she was clever. Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot. But she began to trust him. She told him how she was overweight and this made her feel unhappy. Also she felt her home wasn't elegant enough for someone like Larry who wanted to improve his social position. She wasn't like Gladys Claffern, one of the richest and most powerful women around.As a favour Tony promised to help Claire make herself smarter and her home more elegant. So Claire borrowed a pile of books from the library for him to read, or rather, scan. She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page and suddenly reached for his hand. She was amazed by his fingernails and the softness and warmth of his skin. How absurd, she thought. He was just a machine.Tony gave Claire a new haircut and changed the makeup she wore. As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops, he wrote out a list of items for her. Claire went into the city and bought curtains, cushions, a carpet and bedding. Then she went into a jewellery shop to buy a necklace. When the clerk at the counter was rude to her, she rang Tony up and told the clerk to speak to him. The clerk immediately changed his attitude. Claire thanked Tony, telling him that he was a "dear". As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. How awful to be discovered by her, Claire thought. By the amused and surprised look on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. After all, she knew Claire's husband's name was Larry, not Tony.When Claire got home, she wept with anger in her armchair. Gladys was everything Claire wanted to be. "You can be like her," Tony told her and suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return. By that time, Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.Tony worked steadily on the improvements. Claire tried to help once but was too clumsy.She fell off a ladder and even though Tony was in the next room, he managed to catch her in time. He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed, pushed him away and ran to her room for the rest of the day.The night of the party arrived. The clock struck eight. The guests would be arriving soon and Claire told Tony to go into another room.At that moment, Tony folded his arms around her, bending his face close to hers. She cried out "Tony" and then heard him declare that he didn'twant to leave her the next day and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. Then the front door bell rang. Tony freed her and disappeared from sight. It was then that Claire realized that Tony had opened the curtains of the front window. Her guests had seen everything !The women were impressed by Claire, the house and the delicious cuisine. Just before they left, Claire heard Gladys whispering to another woman that she had never seen anyone so handsome as Tony. What a sweet victory to be envied by those women! She might not be as beautiful as them, but none of them had such a handsome lover.Then she remembered -Tony was just a machine. She shouted "Leave me alone" and ran to her bed. She cried all night. The next morning a car drove up and took Tony away.The company was very pleased with Tony's report on his three weeks with Claire. Tony had protected a human being from harm. He had prevented Claire from harming herself through her own sense of failure. He had opened the curtains that night so that the other women would see him and Claire, knowing that there was no risk to Claire's marriage. But even though Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt -you cannot have women failing in love with machines.A BIOGRAPHY OF ISAAC ASIMOVIsaac Asimov was an American scientist and writer who wrote around 480 books that included mystery stories, science and history books, and even books about the Holy Bible and Shakespeare. But he is best known for his science fiction stories. Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to explore future worlds and an amazing mind with which he searched for explanations of everything, in the present and the past.Asimov's life began in Russia, where he was born on 2 January, 1920. It ended in New York on 6 April, 1992, when he died as a result of an HIV infection that he had got from a blood transfusion nine years earlier.When Asimov was three, he moved with his parents and his one-year-old sister to New York City. There his parents bought a candy store which they ran for the next 40 or so years. At the age of nine, when his mother was pregnant with her third child, Asimov started working part-time in the store. He helped out through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a master's degree in chemistry. In 1942 he joined the staff of the Philadelphia Navy Yard as a junior chemist and worked there for three years. In 1948 he got his PhD in chemistry. The next year he became a biochemistry teacher at Boston University School of Medicine. In 1958 he gave up teaching to become a full-time writer.It was when Asimov was eleven years old that his talent for writing became obvious. He had told a friend two chapters of a story he had written. The friend thought he was retelling a story from a book. This really surprised Asimov and from that moment, he started to take himself seriously as a writer. Asimov began having stories published in science fiction magazines in 1939. In 1950 he published his first novel and in 1953 his first science book.Throughout his life, Asimov received many awards, both for his science fiction books and his science books. Among his most famous works of science fiction, one for which he won an award was the Foundation trilogy (1951-1953), three novels about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a galaxy of the future. It was loosely based on the fall of the Roman Empire but was about the future. These books are famous because Asimov invented a theoretical framework whichwas designed to show how ideas and thinking may develop in the future. He is also well known for his collection of short stories, I, Robot (1950), in which he developed a set of three "laws" for robots. For example, the first law states that a robot must not injure human beings or allow them to be injured. Some of his ideas about robots later influenced other writers and even scientists researching into artificial intelligence.Asimov was married twice. He married his first wife in 1942 and had a son and a daughter. Their marriage lasted 31 years. Soon after his divorce in 1973, Asimov married again but he had no children with his second wife.选修7 Unit 3 Under the sea - ReadingOLD TOM THE KILLER WHALEI was 16 when I began work in June 1902 at the whaling station. I had heard of the killers that every year helped whalers catch huge whales. I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was I sorting out my' accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay. We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again. It was black and white and fish-shaped. But I knew it wasn't a fish."That's Old Tom, the killer," one of the whalers, George, called out to me. "He's telling us there's a whale out there for us."Another whaler yelled out, "Rush-oo ...rush-oo." This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt."Come on, Clancy. To the boat," George said as he ran ahead of me. I had already heard that George didn't like being kept waiting, so even though I didn't have the right clothes on, I raced after him.Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay. I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom swimming by the boat, showing us the way. A few minutes later, there was no Tom, so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again.Using a telescope we could see that something was happening. As we drew closer, I could see a whale being attacked by a pack of about six other killers."What're they doing?" I asked George."Well, it's teamwork - the killers over there are throwing themselves on top of the whale's blow-hole to stop it breathing. And those others are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea," George told me, pointing towards the hunt. And just at that moment, the most extraordinary thing happened. The killers started racing between our boat and the whale just like a pack of excited dogs.Then the harpoon was ready and the man in the bow of the boat aimed it at the whale. He let it go and the harpoon hit the spot. Being badly wounded, the whale soon died. Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea. The men started turning the boat around to go home."What's happened?" I asked. "Have we lost the whale?""Oh no," Jack replied. "We'll return tomorrow to bring in the body. It won't float up to the surface for around 24 hours." "In the meantime, Old Tom, and the others are having a good feed on its lips and tongue," added Red, laughing.Although Old Tom and the other killers were fierce hunters, they, never harmed or attacked people. In fact, they protected them. There was one day when we were out in the bay during a hunt and James was washed off the boat."Man overboard! Turn the boat around!" urged George, shouting loudly.The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. The waves were carrying James further and further away from us. From James's face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. Then suddenly I saw a shark."Look, there's a shark out there," I screamed."Don't worry, Old Tom won't let it near," Red replied.It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom. I couldn't believe my eyes.There were shouts of "Well done, Old Tom" and 'Thank God" as we pulled James back into the boat. And then Old Tom was off and back to the hunt where the other killers were still attacking the whale.A NEW DIMENSION OF LIFE19th JanuaryI'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day – a day of pure magic! I went snorkelling on the reef offshore this morning and it was the most fantastic thing I have ever done. Seeing such extraordinary beauty, I think every cell in my body woke up. It was like discovering a whole new dimension of life.The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colours surrounding me - purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens. The corals were fantastic - they were shaped like fans, plates, brains, lace, mushrooms, the branches of trees and the horns of deer. And all kinds of small, neat and elegant fish were swimming in and around the corals.The fish didn't seem to mind me swimming among them. I especially loved the little orange and white fish that hid in the waving long thin seaweed. And I also loved the small fish that clean the bodies of larger fish - I even saw them get inside their mouths and clean their teeth! It seemed there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves, shelves and narrow passages with my underwater flashlight: the yellow and green parrotfish was hanging upside down, and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird-like mouth; a yellow-spotted red sea-slug was sliding by a blue sea-star; a large wise-looking turtle was passing so close to me that I could have touched it.There were other creatures that I didn't want to get too close to - an eel with its strong sharp teeth, with only its head showing from a hole, watching for a tasty fish (or my tasty toe!); and the giant clam halt buried in some coral waiting for something to swim in between its thick green lips. Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, whichsuddenly appeared from behind some coral. I told myself they weren't dangerous but that didn't stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment!The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor. It marked a boundary and I thought I was very brave when I swam over the edge of the reef and hung there looking down into the depths of the ocean. My heart was beating wildly - I felt very exposed in such deep clear water.What a wonderful, limitless world it was down there! And what a tiny spot I was in this enormous world!选修7 Unit 4 Sharing- ReadingA LETTER HOMEDear Rosemary,Thanks for your letter, which took a fortnight to arrive. It was wonderful to hear from you. I know you're dying to hear all about my life here, so I've included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.You asked about my high school. Well, it's a bush school – the classrooms are made of bamboo and the roofs of grass. It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. When I reach the school grounds there are lots of "good mornings" for me from the boys. Many of them have walked a long way, sometimes up to two hours, to get to school.There's no electricity or water and even no textbooks either! l'm still trying to adapt to these conditions. However, one thing is for sure, I've become more imaginative in my teaching. Science is my most challenging subject as my students have no concept ofdoing experiments. In fact there is no equipment, and if I need water I have to carry it from my house in a bucket! The other day I was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when, before I knew it, the mixture was bubbling over everywhere! The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the windows. Sometimes I wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students, most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8 anyway. To be honest, I doubt whether I'm making any difference to these boys' lives at all.You asked whether I'm getting to know any local people. Well, that's actually quite difficult as I don't speak much of the local English dialect yet. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and 1 did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. It was my first visit to a remote village. We walked for two and a half hours to get there - first up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below. When we arrived at the village, Tombe's mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in her garden, started crying "ieee ieee". We shook hands with all the villagers. Everyone seemed to be a relative of Tombe's.Tombe's father, Mukap, led us to his house, a low bamboo hut with grass sticking out of the roof - this shows it is a man's house. The huts were round, not rectangular like theschool buildings.There were no windows and the doorway was just big enough to get through. The hut was dark inside so it took time for our eyes to adjust. Fresh grass had been laid on the floor and there was a newly made platform for Jenny and me to sleep on. Usually Kiak would sleep in her own hut, but that night she was going to share the platform with us. Mukap and Tombe were to sleep on small beds in another part of the hut. There was a fireplace in the centre of the hut near the doorway. The only possessions I could see were one broom, a few tin plates and cups and a couple of jars.Outside Mukap was building a fire. Once the fire was going, he laid stones on it. When hot, he placed them in an empty oil drum with kau kau (sweet potato), corn and greens. He then covered the vegetables with banana leaves and left them to steam. I sniffed the food; it smelled delicious. We ate inside the hut sitting round the fire. I loved listening to the family softly talking to each other in their language, even though I could not participate the conversation. Luckily, Tombe could be our interpreter.Later, I noticed a tin can standing upside down on the grill over the fire. After a short time Tombe threw it out of the doorway.I was puzzled. Tombe told me that the can was heated to dry out the leftover food. They believe that any leftovers attract evil spirits in the night, so the food is dried up in the can and the can is then thrown out of the hut. Otherwise they don't waste anything.We left the village the next morning after many goodbyes and firm handshakes. My muscles were aching and my knees shaking as we climbed down the mountain towards home. That evening I fell happily into bed. It was such a privilege to have spent a day with Tombe's family.It's getting late and I have to prepare tomorrow's lessons and do some paperwork. Please write soon.LoveJoTHE WORLD'S MOST USEFUL GIFT CATALOGUEWould you like to donate an unusual gift? Then this is the catalogue for you. The gift you give is not something your loved one keeps but a voluntary contribution towards the lives of people who really need it. Choose from this catalogue a really useful gift for some of the world's poorest and bring hope for a better future to a community in need.When you purchase an item, we will send you an attractive card for you to send to your special person. You can use the cards for any special occasion-weddings ,births, birthdays,Christmas or anniversaries, etc.To………………………………………………To let you know that I am thinking of you, I have purchased a gift from the World’s Most Useful Gift Catalogue for you to give to some of the world’s poorest.This gift will train a whole village of around 40 families in India, Kenya, or Bangladesh in new agricultural methods, and provide seeds and simple agricultural equipment. Just 20% more produce will mean the difference between sickness and health, between families going hungry and families providing for themselves.From…………………………………………….选修7 Unit 5 Travelling abroad- ReadingKEEP IT UP,XIE LEICHINESE STUDENGT FITTING WELLSix months ago Xie Lei said goodbye to her family and friends in China and boarded a plane for London. It was the first time she had ever left her motherland. "After getting my visa I was very excited because I had dreamed of this day for so long. But I was also very nervous as I didn't know what to expect," Xie Lei told me when I saw her waiting in a queue at the student cafeteria between lectures.Xie Lei, who is 21 years old, has come to our university to study for a business qualification. She is halfway through the preparation year, which most foreign students complete before applying for a degree course. Xie Lei highly recommends it. "The preparation course is most beneficial," she said. "Studying here is quite different from studying in China, so you need some preparation first.""It's not just study that's difficult. You have to get used to a whole new way of life, which can take up all your concentration in the beginning," explained Xie Lei, who had lived all her life in the same city in China. She told me that she had had to learn almost everything again. "Sometimes I felt like a child," she said. "I had to learn how to use the phone, how to pay bus fare, and how to ask a shopkeeper for things I didn't know the English for. When I got lost and had to ask a passer-by for directions, I didn't always understand. They don't talk like they do on our listening tapes," she said, laughing.Xie Lei lives with a host family who give her lots of good advice. Although some foreign students live in student accommodation or apartments, some choose to board with English families. Living with host families, in which there may be other college students, gives her the chance to learn more about the new culture. "When I hear an idiom that I don't understand, I can ask my host family for help," explains Xie Lei. "Also, when I miss my family, it's a great comfort to have a substitute family to be with."Xie Lei's preparation course is helping her to get used to the academic requirements of a Western university. "I remember the first essay I did for my tutor," she told me. "I found an article on the Internet that seemed to have exactly the information I needed. So I made a summary of the article, revised my draft and handed the essay in. I thought I would get a really good mark but I got an E. I was numb with shock! So I went to my tutor to ask the reason for his revision. First of all, he told me, I couldn't write what other people had said without acknowledging them. Besides, as far as he was concerned, what other people thought was not the most important thing. He wanted to know what I thought, which confused me because I thought that the author of the article knew far more than I did. My tutor explained that I should read lots of different texts that contain different opinions and analyse what I read. Then, in my essay, I should give my own opinion and explain it by referring to other authors. Finally he even encouraged me to contradict the authors I'd read! At first I lacked confidence, but now I'm beginning to get the idea and my marks have improved. More importantly, I am now a more autonomous learner."Xie Lei told me that she feels much more at home in England now, and what had seemed very strange before now appears quite normal. "I've just got one more thing to achieve. I have been so occupied with work that I haven't had time for social activities. I think it's important to have a balance between study and a social life, so I'm going to join a few clubs. Hope- fully I'll make some new friends."We will follow Xie Lei's progress in later editions of this newspaper but for now, we wish Xie Lei all the best in her new enterprise. She deserves to succeed.PERUPeru offers a variety of experiences from ancient ruins and centuries-old Spanish villages to thick forests, high mountains and desert coastline. TRA VEL PERU offers tours for all ages and tastes. The following tours are based at Cuzco, the site of the ancient capital of the Inca civilization.Tour 1Experience the jungle and its diverse wildlife close up. During this four-day walking tour, you will be amazed by mountain scenery and the ancient ruins we pass on our hike. On the last day, we arrive at the ruins of Machu Picchu in time to see the sunrise over the Andes. Spend the day visiting the ruins of this ancient Inca city before catching the train back to Cuzco.Tour 2A full-day trip by road from Cuzco to Puno with fantastic views of the highland countryside. From Puno, we travel by boat across Lake Titicaca, stopping on the way at the floating islands of the Uros people. These floating islands and the Uros Indian's houses are made of the water plants that grow in the lake. A full-day stay with a local family gives you an opportunity to learn more about their life. Return to Puno on the fourth day for your flight back to Lima.Tour 3Spend four days high in the-Andes at Cuzco. Learn about its history and visit the。
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第七讲汉英语篇翻译（一）由于汉英两种语言的显著差异，与英译汉相似，汉译英时，不仅要着眼于每个句子，更应着眼于句子所在的段落乃至篇章，否则，所给出的译文即使每个句子均没什么毛病，但整个篇章却缺乏必要的统一、连贯和衔接，不符合英语的行文习惯。
因此，第七、八讲审视汉语段落及由多段组成的汉语篇章的英译问题。
一、英语语篇诸要素因为篇幅及时间有限，本讲仅以英语段落为例下面我们就审视连句成段的主要手段。
如果我们对此重视了，把汉语翻译为英语时，就能保证所译出的英语在段落和篇章层次上也能显得较为地道。
连句成段的手段主要有3种：1.语法连接1）时体连接Robert says we can offer the poor respect. And what might they offer back? The constituency had a rude cheer for it.罗伯特说我们可以给穷人以尊重。
但穷人会有什么反映呢？那个选区早就对此喝了倒彩。
2）替代The babysitter looks after my daughter every weekend. But she can’tdo in the end of the semester because she has to prepare for the final examination.保姆每周末都照料我女儿。
但期末她不行，因为她要准备终考。
3）省略Here is a red silk blouse and a blue one. The blue seems to suit you better.有一件红色的真丝罩衫和一件蓝色的。
蓝的似乎更适合你穿。
Overall, the communities on CompuSever tend to be more professional; those on America Online, affluent young singles;Prodigy, family-oriented.总的来说，经常上“计算机服务网”的群体一般是专业技术人员；上“美国在线”网的一般是富有的独身者；“奇才网”则面向家庭。
4）同构: 平行结构If you always yield to impulse, you are mad. If you never yield to impulse, you gradually dry up and very likely become mad to boot.如果你总是屈从于冲动，你便是个疯子。
如果你从不屈从于冲动，那你就会渐渐地失去生气，而且很可能也会疯掉。
2.词汇连接1)照应A. 人称照应：人称代词In my own research, complaints from women about their husbands most often focused on tangible inequities such as having given up thechance for a career to accompany a husband to his, or doing far more than their share of daily life. Instead, they focused on communication: “He doesn’t listen to me,”“He doesn’t talk to me.”在我本人的研究中，女性对丈夫的抱怨大多不是集中在一些实际的不平等现象，例如，为了跟随丈夫的事业而放弃了发展自己事业的机会，或者她们所承担的日常生活琐事远远超过日常份内的部分。
她们的抱怨总是集中在交流的问题上,比如“他不听我说话”，“他不和我说话”。
B. 指示照应：this，that，here，thereI like that. He damages my bike and then blames for letting him use it.他把我的自行车弄坏了，还责怪我借给他车。
我真是自讨苦吃。
Here is the news. A diplomat was kidnapped last night in London…. 下面是新闻。
昨天夜里，有位外交官在伦敦被绑架。
……C．比较照应At first glance the scientist’s reproduction of the ancient mastodon (柱牙象) look very much like our modern-day elephant. …But a closer inspectio n reveals some differences between the pre-historic creature and the modern one.乍看上去，科学家制造的柱牙象复制品与我们的现代象十分相像。
……但仔细审视一下就会发现，这头史前动物与现代象有些不同。
2）语义的重复出现A．关键词重复I say to you, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment I still have a dream. It is a dream that deeply rooted in the American dream.朋友们，今天我要告诉你们，尽管当前还有很多困难挫折，我仍然怀有一个梦想。
这个梦想深深扎根于美国人的梦想之中。
B．用同义词，近义词It does seem strange that only a century and a half ago dinosaurs were quite unknown. Dinosaurs were still to be discovered, studied and described.想来的确奇怪，就在一个半世纪前，人们对恐龙还一无所知。
恐龙尚有待发现、研究，它的模样尚有待想像。
C. 平行结构This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the south. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. …这就是我的希望。
这就是我带回南方的信念。
怀着这一信念，我们能把绝望的大山凿成希望的磐石。
怀着这一信念，我们能将我国种族不和的喧嚣变为一曲友爱的乐章。
3.逻辑连接1)时间型连接I can’t tell you how glad we were to see each other again. We used to be very great friends before she went to live abroad. I had n’t seen her for – let me see – ten or twelve years, at least.我说不清我们不久前再次见面时是多么高兴。
她移居国外前，我们一直是非常要好的朋友。
我至少——让我想一想——有10到12年没见到她了。
2)空间型This is flying. The wind presses the goggles (防风镜) to my face. I am strapped in a bucket seat with nothing around and beneath me but space. I look past my feet to the brown California hills and the bank of grey clouds covering the Pacific a thousand feet below.这就是飞行。
疾风使防风镜紧紧贴在我的脸上。
我坐在凹背单人座椅上，身上系着安全带，上下左右除天空外，什么也没有。
从脚下望去，我看到加利福尼亚棕色的群山，以及覆盖着太平洋1000英尺上空的灰色云层。
3)因果Look at the sample questions, and make sure that you understand how answers are marked. If the test is to be machine-scored, be particularly careful in marking answers. There will be no human scorer to help you by trying to make out what you mean.请看例题，弄清如何标明答案。
要是机器评分，划答案时就要特别小心，因为不会有阅卷人来分辨你的意思。
4)推延：并举，增添，详述，总结等Once when she was touring in South America, she drove the men so mad that they had to have a lottery for her. Yes, a singular idea, but not really so strange in Cuba, where, we leave everything to chance, even the pretty women.有一次她在南美巡回演出，真倾倒终生，男人竟为她买起彩票来。
这算是别出心裁，但在古巴不足为怪，古巴人干任何事都相信运气，连欣赏漂亮女人也不例外。
5)其他型：转折，分类型，例证型，等等总之，英语连句成段，乃至连段成章都有各种各样微妙的手段，所以，我们所译出的各个英语句子之间，乃至各个段落之间，一定要善于运用英语衔接与连贯的各种手段与策略。
理解与表达时的语篇意识1. 理解：翻译前至少看完一段，甚至一本书2. 表达：需摆脱汉语词语搭配和句式，用地道的英语如写作一样，重新遣词造句二、汉语段落英译1. 统一性与连贯性统一性（Unity）与连贯性（Coherence）不仅是英语写作的基本要求，也是汉译英的基本要求。
事实上，许多翻译家和翻译研究者认为，在某种意义上来说，汉译英相当于英语写作。