“连词 省略结构”的5种类型

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英语中常见的省略

英语中常见的省略

英语中常见的省略省略是为了避免重复,突出新信息并使上下文紧密连接的一种语法修辞手段。

省略在语言中,尤其在对话中,是一种十分普遍的现象。

【词的省略】一.省略介词I spent two hours ( in ) playing basketball .二.省略连接词that在know , think , consider , suppose , find , believe ,say , decide ,等动词后的宾语从句中that可以省略;若带有多个宾语从句,只有第一个that可以省略,其余的不可以省略。

I believe ( that ) you will succeed .I’m sure(that)Mr. Smith will help you .注意:在宾语从句中,当有两个以上并列从句时,第一个that可以省略,以后的均不可省略。

He said ( that ) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart .三.省略关系代词在限制性定语从句中,作宾语的关系代词that , which , who , whom可省略,非限制性定语从句中的关系词不能省略。

I will give you all ( that ) I have.Mike read the book ( which ) I bought yesterday .The girl ( who / whom / that ) the teacher spoke to is Lily .【句子成分的省略】一.省略主语。

如:Beg your pardon. ( Beg前省略了主语I )Take care ! ( Take前省略了主语you )Looks as if it is going to rain . ( Looks前省略了主语it )二.省略谓语。

“连词 省略结构”的5种类型

“连词 省略结构”的5种类型

下面是2007年福建省高考英语中的一道单选题:Although ______ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.A. againstB. onC. forD. in此题答案选A。

根据句首的although可知,前后两者句意思相反,故against。

全句意为:虽然老教授不同意的观点,但他也提不出自己的观点。

句中的although against my opinion为although he was against my opinion之省略,为“连词+省略结构”的一种。

这类结构归纳起来主要有以下几种类型:一、连词+介词While at college, Delia wrote a novel. 上大学时,迪莉娅写了一部小说。

Once in the examination hall, he forgot about all this. 他一进考场,这一切他都忘了。

While in London, he studied the English labour movement. 在伦敦时他研究了英国的工人运动。

二、连词+形容词He acted as if certain of success. 他表现得对成功很有把握似的。

If possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能,可在事前通知我。

Though exhausted, he stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪,他仍很晚才睡。

Whenever possible, the children play outside. 每当可能,孩子们总在外边玩耍。

Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible. 只要可能,都要避免这种结构。

Her daughters were of some help, however small. 她的女儿们总能帮些忙,不管多小的忙。

主语从句的省略和替代方法

主语从句的省略和替代方法

主语从句的省略和替代方法在英语语法中,主语从句是一种常见的句型结构,用来引导复杂句中的主语部分。

主语从句通常由连接词(如that, whether, if, who, whom, which等)引导,并在从句中充当主语的角色。

然而,在某些情况下,我们可以省略主语从句中的连接词,或者采用替代方法来简化句子结构。

本文将探讨主语从句的省略和替代方法。

一、省略主语从句的情况1. 当主语从句中的谓语动词与主句谓语动词一致时,可以省略主语从句中的连接词。

例如:原句:That she is talented is beyond doubt.省略:She is talented is beyond doubt.2. 当主语从句中的谓语动词是不及物动词或介词短语时,也可以省略主语从句中的连接词。

例如:原句:Whether he will come is still uncertain.省略:He will come is still uncertain.3. 当主语从句中的主语与主句的主语相同且已明确时,可以省略主语从句中的连接词。

例如:原句:I think (that) she is a good singer.省略:I think she is a good singer.二、替代方法除了省略主语从句的连接词外,我们还可以使用一些替代方法来简化句子结构。

1. 使用it作为形式主语,并将主语从句放在句末作为真正的主语。

例如:原句:That he is late again is really annoying.替代:It is really annoying that he is late again.2. 使用动词不定式或动名词作为形式主语,将主语从句放在不定式或动名词的后面。

例如:原句:That she didn't attend the meeting surprised everyone.替代:To see her not attend the meeting surprised everyone.3. 使用代词it或there引导句子,并将主语从句放在句末作为真正的主语。

英语句子中的省略

英语句子中的省略

一、省略句的概说省略句是我们在学习英语过程中能不断体验收获和趣味的一种惯用手法,无论是说话还是写作,都要求生动活泼,简明扼要。

按照语法的分析, 有时句子应具备的成分出于修辞上的需要, 会缺少一个或几个句子语法结构所必要的语言成分,但在一定语境中可独立存在,仍能表达其意义完整并发挥交流功能的句子则被称为省略句。

省略的结果不仅能使句子结构更加精练,而且可起到连接上下文并使相邻词语达到强调的作用。

英语省略句用词简练, 表意简练, 往往收到一定的修饰效果, 句中的某些成分因上下文已提供了充分明确信息或前文已出现过的某些成分,为了避免不必要的重复,也不会引起言语上的误解,并可突出中心词,从而使整文紧密连接的一种修辞手法,其语法现象就是省略。

举个例子:Glad to see you. 这是个简单句,主语I和谓语am可以省略。

省略的形式从单词、短语到分句等都可省略, 而且各有其一定的衔接关系。

二、省略句的分类(一)句中成分的省略1. 主语的省略Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。

(Beg前省略了主语I)Come on! 得了吧(你)!(Come前省略了主语You)2. 谓语的省略John is a lawyer,his wife (is) a cleaner.Some of us study Japanese,others (study) English.3. 表语的省略She was a lover of sports as(因为) she had been in her youth(在她年轻的时候).(had been后面省略了a lover of sports)4. 宾语的省略Let’s do the cases. I’ll read and you’ll type.(read和type后面省略了宾语cases)5. 定语的省略I spent part of the money, and the rest I gave.(the rest后面省略了定语of the money)6. 状语的省略She wasn’t cry. Strange! (Strange前面省略了状语how)7. 词的省略1)名词、冠词、物主代词或介词如果与前文重复时,可以省略,如:I like red wine better than white (wine).The lightning(闪电) flashed and (the) thunder crashed.Please take good care of these flowers and (these) plants.We lived in Beijing and (in) Shanghai for some time.2)重复出现的形容词,省略后边的;两个或两个以上被形容词修饰的同一名词,前边的则常被省略。

英语中的种种省略现象

英语中的种种省略现象
2.省略主谓语或主谓语的一部分
如:①(There is) No smoking .禁止抽烟
② (Is there)anything else ? 还有其它事吗 ?
③ (You come)This way please.请这边走。
④ (Will you) Have a smoke ? 抽烟吗 ?
(1)当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be,这时从句中可出现如下结构:
① 连词(as,as if,once)+ 名词 如:Once (he was)a worker,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer .庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成一位著名的歌手。
3.省略宾语
如:—Do you know Mr. Li ? — I don’t know (him.)
4.省略表语
如:Are you thirsty ? Yes,I am (thirsty)5.同时省略几个成分 如:—Are you feeling better now? 你觉得好些了吗 ?—(I am feeling ) Much better (now) 好多了。(I wish) Good luck (to you) .祝你好运/祝你顺利。
在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子愿意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。现就英语中的种种省略现象分析如下:
一与前边分句中相同的成分。如:
1.The boy picked up a coin in the road and (the boy )handed it to a policeman. 这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把他交给了警察。

英语中的省略和替代

英语中的省略和替代
(2) Were I you , I would do the work better. (If I were you)
(3) Should there be a flood, what should we do?
(If there should be a flood)
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5. 英语中有一些固定的省略结构: 在以if, when, though, as if (好象)等连词引导 的从句中, 如从句中的主要动词是be, 常将主语 it 和动词be 省略。 If it is necessary, we shall send a telegram home. 如有必要, 我们就往家里打电报。 Whenever it is possible, he will come to my help. 他一有可能就来帮助我。
1) 并列的不定式可省去后面的 to.
I told him to sit down and wait for a moment. 2) help 当“帮助”讲时, 后面的宾语或宾补的
不定式符号to可带可不带。
I will help (to) do it for you.
I will help you (to) do it. (3) 介词but前若有动词do, 后面的不定式不带
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简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语: 祈使句中的主语通常被省略; 其他省略的主语的情况多限于少数现成的说法。
(1) (You) Come in, please.
(2) ( I ) See you tomorrow.
(3) ( I ) Thank you for your help.
(4) ( I ) Beg your pardon.

省略句完全归纳

小品词的省略(1)省略介词He spent four hours (in) going over his lessons. 他花了四个小时复习功课。

I ’ ve studied Eng1ish (for) f ive years. 我已学五年英语了。

(2)省略连词 thatI believe (that) you w ill succeed .我相信你们会成功的。

It’s a pity (that) he ’s leaving. 他要走,真遗憾。

I’m sure (that) she will help you. 我肯定她会帮你的。

(3)省略关系代词I’ll give you all (that) I have. 我要把我所有的一切都给你。

He read the book (which) I got yesterday. 他看过我昨天买的书了。

3. 句子成分的省略(1)省略主语Beg your pardon. (我)请你原谅。

(Beg 前省略了主语I)Take care! 当心!(Ta ke 前省略了主语 you )II)Looks as if it will rain. 看起来象要下雨。

(Looks 前省略了主语 it)III)(2)省略谓语Who next? 该谁了?( Who 后面省略了谓语 comes )The river was deep and the ice thin. (ice 后面省略了 was )We ’ll do the best we can. 我们将尽力而为。

(can 后面省略了动词 do )(3)省略表语Are youready? Yes, I a m.你准备好了吗?我准备好了。

(am 后面省略了ready )He was a lover of sports as he had been in his youth. 他还是象年轻时那样,是一位运动爱好者。

(had been 后面省略了 a lover of sports )(4)省略宾语Let’s do the d ishes.I’ll wash and you ’ll dry. 让我们洗碗吧,我来洗,你来揩干。

含if的八种省略结构

含if的八种省略结构If there is doubt。

check again.如果有疑问,再检查一遍。

If at all possible。

try to arrive early.如果可能的话,尽量早点到。

He will come if in the area.如果他在这个地区,他会来的。

类型五:if +副词这类结构通常可视为在if与副词之间省略了“主语+动词”的适当形式。

如:If not。

___如果不行,明天再试。

If ever in trouble。

call me.如果有麻烦,打电话给我。

类型六:if +名词这类结构通常可视为在if与名词之间省略了“主语+动词”的适当形式。

如:If work permits.如果工作允许的话。

If time allows.如果时间允许的话。

类型七:if +动名词这类结构通常可视为在if与动名词之间省略了“主语+动词”的适当形式。

如:If leaving now。

tell me.如果现在离开的话,告诉我。

If coming。

bring some food.如果来的话,带些食物。

类型八:if +从句这类结构通常可视为在if与从句之间省略了“主语+动词”的适当形式。

如:If you need help。

just ask.如果你需要帮助,随时问我。

If it rains。

we will stay inside.如果下雨了,我们就呆在室内。

___ very little。

if at all。

since the last ___(改写:自上次选举以来,他们的政策变化非常少,甚至可以说没有变化。

) If by any chance you are unable to have dinner tonight。

perhaps we ___(改写:如果今晚你碰巧不能吃晚饭,也许我们至少可以一起喝杯饮料。

)She seldom。

if ever。

goes to the cinema。

高考英语值得注意的五类省略结构

高考英语值得注意的五类省略结构一、由if构成的省略这类省略结构最重要的有if so, if not, if you must三个。

如:Is the book available, and if so where? 有没有这本书?如果有的话,在哪里?Are you a student with a knack for coming up with great ideas? If so, we would love to hear from you. 你是那种能想出好主意的学生吗?如果是,我们倒想听一听。

I hope to see you tomorrow, but if not, leave me a message. 我希望明天跟你见面,不过如果不行的话,请给我留个口信。

I think I can fix it tomorrow. If not, you’ll have to wait till Friday. 我想我明天就可以修好它,如果不行,你就只好等到星期五了。

The snow was now two feet deep, making it difficult, if not impossible, to get the car out. 雪有两英尺厚,要把汽车拉出来很困难,尽管不是不可能。

“I’m just going to finish this off first.” “Go ahead then, if you must.” “我只是打算先把这件事做完。

”“如果你非得要做的话,那就继续吧。

”二、由从属连词后接形容词构成的省略结构这类省略比较重要的是由从属连词if, when, where, whenever, wherever等,后接形容词necessary, possible等构成。

如:Taste the soup and add salt and pepper if necessary. 尝尝这汤,需要的话加一点点盐和胡椒粉。

If引导的八种省略结构

If引导的八种省略结构类型一:if + 形容词这类结构通常可视为在if与形容词之间省略了“主语+动词be的适当形式”。

如:Send the goods now if ready.= Send the goods now if they are ready. 货物如已备好,请即送来。

If true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.= If it is true, this will cause us a lot of trouble. 这事若是事实,它将给我们造成许多麻烦。

注:这类省略结构中有的已构成相对固定的搭配,if necessary (如果需要),if possible (如果可能)等。

如:If necessary, ring me at home. 如果必要,可往我家里打电话。

If possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能,可在事前通知我。

类型二:if + 过去分词其中的过去分词可视为是被省略的被动结构,即在if与形容词之间省略了主语和助动词be。

如:He will come if asked.= He will come if he is asked. 他如被邀就会来。

The medicine is quite effective if taken in time.=The medicine is quite effective if it is taken in time. 这药要是能按时服用,效果是很好的。

类型三:if + 不定代词这类省略通常要根据具体的上下文来理解。

如:If anyone, he knows. 如果有人知道,那就是他了。

There are few people nowadays, if any, who remember him. 当今记得他的人,如有的话,也不多了。

He seems to have little, if anything, to do with this. 若要说他和这事有什么相关的话,那也似乎是很少的。

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“连词+省略结构”的5种类型.txt这世界上除了我谁都没资格陪在你身边。

听着,我允许你喜欢我。

除了白头偕老,我们没别的路可选了什么时候想嫁人了就告诉我,我娶你。

“连词+省略结构”的5种类型下面是2007年福建省高考英语中的一道单选题:Although ______ my opinion, the old professor didn’t come up with his own.A. againstB. onC. forD. in此题答案选A。

根据句首的although可知,前后两者句意思相反,故against。

全句意为:虽然老教授不同意的观点,但他也提不出自己的观点。

句中的although against my opinion为although he was against my opinion之省略,为“连词+省略结构”的一种。

这类结构归纳起来主要有以下几种类型:一、连词+介词While at college, Delia wrote a novel. 上大学时,迪莉娅写了一部小说。

Once in the examination hall, he forgot about all this. 他一进考场,这一切他都忘了。

While in London, he studied the English labour movement. 在伦敦时他研究了英国的工人运动。

二、连词+形容词He acted as if certain of success. 他表现得对成功很有把握似的。

If possible, let me know beforehand. 如果可能,可在事前通知我。

Though exhausted, he stayed up late. 尽管疲惫不堪,他仍很晚才睡。

Whenever possible, the children play outside. 每当可能,孩子们总在外边玩耍。

Avoid structures of this kind wherever possible. 只要可能,都要避免这种结构。

Her daughters were of some help, however small. 她的女儿们总能帮些忙,不管多小的忙。

三、连词+现在分词She tremble a little while doing so. 她这样做时稍稍颤抖了一下。

(from )He tends to get carried away when watching wrestling on TV. 他一看电视中的摔跤就很兴奋。

They were surprised by her openness when talking about her private life. 她谈起私生活时非常坦率,大家都很吃惊。

注:以下两句中的before不是连词,而是介词,其的-ing动词为动名词,而非现在分词:Before giving evidence the witness had to take an oath. 证人作证前要先宣誓。

It would be unwise to buy the house before having it appraised. 买房子不事先估价是不明智的。

四、连词+过去分词He will come if asked. 他如被邀就会来。

When asked, she confirmed that she was going to retire. 有人问她时,她肯定了她将要退休。

While locked up in prison, she wrote her first novel. 她在狱中写出了第一部小说。

When taken according to the instructions, the drug has no side effects. 若按说明服用,本药无任何副作用。

五、连词+不定式Success in business is simply a matter of knowing when to take a chance. 商业上的成功就在于把握时机。

Smiling pleasantly, the stranger turned as if to speak to me. 那个陌生人面带愉悦的笑容,转身向我,似乎想对我说话。

【温馨提示】1. “连词+省略结构”通常可视为一种紧缩的状语从句,即认为是省略了从句的主语(与主句主语一致)和主语后的动词be。

如:Look out for car’s when (your are) crossing the street. 过街时注意车辆。

He acted as if (he was) certain of success. 他的举止就像一定会成功一样。

有时可视为省略了it is(其中的it并非主句主句)。

如:(from )lf (it is) possible, please let me know by this evening. 如果可能的话,请在今晚以前告诉我。

Where (it is) necessary, improvements will be made. 哪儿需要,就在哪儿改进。

2. 并不是所有的状语从句都可以用以上办法来紧缩的,如原因从句就不能用这种办法来处理。

3. 与上面提到的省略结构相似且经常在高考中出现的还有if not…这一种形式。

如:His pronunciation, if not good, is at least tolerable. 他的发音如果说不算好,也还过得去。

If not today, tomorrow I’m sure you’ll get an answer. 如果今天得不到回信,明天准能得到。

Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word. 我们即使不总是如此,也通常是把cannot作为一个词来写的。

(from )This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest. 这是城里最古老的房屋之一,如果不是最古老的话。

请看下现两道高考题:1. We all know that, ___B___, the situation will get worse. (全国I)A. not if dealt carefully withB. if not carefully dealt withC. if dealt not carefully withD. not if carefully dealt with2. Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if ___A___, Miss Liu. (陕西卷)A. not better thanB. not betterC. no better thanD. better【模拟考场】01. When ______ the tunnel will be the longest in the world.A. completeB. completingC. having completedD.completed02. Although ______ before the war, the engine is still in perfect order.A. buildingB. builtC. to be buildingD. to have been built03. Unless ______, this law will make life difficult for farmers.A. to changeB. changingC. changedD. to be changed04. Do not leave the building unless _______ to do so.A. to instructB. instructedC. being instructedD. instructing05. When ______ if he wanted anything else, he just shook his head.A. askingB. to askC. askedD. to be asked06. If ______ for this post, you will be informed within a week.A. acceptingB. to acceptC. acceptedD. to be accepted07. These working conditions are unhealthy, ______ extremely dangerous.A. if soB. if notC. so ifD. not if08. Her needs are just as important as yours, ______ so.A. if not moreB. if more notC. more not ifD. not if more09. Where ______ necessary, improvements will be made.A. they areB. we areC. areD. 不填10. She hurried out of the room, as if ______ angry.A. wasB. it wasC. gotD. 不填11. ______ paying by credit card, please pay in cash.A. UnlessB. UntilC. SinceD. Before12. Although ______ ten years ago, the house still looks new.A. buildingB. builtC. to buildD. having built13. By 1977 things were beginning to improve, ______ quickly enough.A. even if notB. even not ifC. if not evenD. if even not【参考答案】01—05 DBCBC 06—10 CBADD 11—13 ABA。

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