焊接方法与几种焊材的中英文对照
WPS-按ASME标准填写的中英对照的焊接工艺评定指导书
Peening锤击消除应力NoneOther其它----
Weld
Layer(s)
层次
Process
焊接方法
Filler Metal焊材
Current电流
Volt
Range
电压范围
(V)
Travel Speed
(Spray arc, short circuiting arc etc.)
Electrode Wire feed speed range焊丝供丝速度范围N/A cm/min
Technique (QW-410)焊接技术中国不锈钢焊丝标准：YB/T 5092;中国不锈钢焊条标准：GB/T983
String or Weave Bead线状焊道或摆动焊String or/and Weave
Other其它
Filler Metals (QW-404)焊接材料
标准：GB/T 14957, GB/T983-1995
牌号：H0Cr20Ni10Ti , A132
F No.焊材F码编号
A No.焊材金属化学成份A码编号
焊材尺寸Φ2.5mm,Φ3.2mm
Deposited weld metal熔敷金属：
Temperature RangeNone
温度范围
Time RangeNone
时间范围
△
△
Reviewed By Q.C
△
Manager
App'D核准
CH K'D审核
PREP'D.BY
经办：
注：AC—交流；DC—直流；EN—正接(焊件接电源输出端的正极)；SP—正接(焊件接电源输出端的正极)；EP—反接(焊件接电源输出端的负极)；RP—反接(焊件接电源输出端的负极)。欧美常用DC EN及DC EP分别表示正接及反接。
钢结构焊接英语术语大全
钢结构焊接英语术语大全以下是一些常见的钢结构焊接英语术语：1. Welding:焊接2. Weld:焊缝3. Joint:焊接接头4. Fillet weld:角焊缝5. Butt weld:对接焊缝6. Fillet size:角焊缝尺寸7. Throat thickness:鞍部厚度8. Penetration:焊透9. Welding position:焊接位置10. Welding procedure:焊接工艺11. Welding current:焊接电流12. Welding voltage:焊接电压13. Welding speed:焊接速度14. Shielding gas:保护气体15. Preheating:预热16. Post-weld heat treatment:焊后热处理17. Groove:槽口18. Bevel:坡口19. Backing strip:补强条20. Welding helmet:焊接面罩21. Welding electrode:焊接电极22. Welding rod:焊条23. Welding wire:焊丝24. Welding machine:焊接机器25. Welding procedure specification (WPS):焊接工艺规范26. Welding inspector:焊接检验员27. Defect:缺陷28. Porosity:孔隙29. Inclusion:夹杂物30. Undercut:侵彻31. Cracking:裂纹32. Slag:焊渣33. Welding consumables:焊接材料34. Arc length:电弧长度35. Arc voltage:电弧电压36. Arc blow:电弧偏转37. Weld quality:焊接质量38. Non-destructive testing (NDT):无损检测39. Visual inspection:目视检验40. Ultrasonic testing (UT):超声波检测41. Radiographic testing (RT):射线检测42. Magnetic particle testing (MT):磁粉检测43. Liquid penetrant testing (PT):渗透检测44. Welder qualification:焊工资格证书45. Welding symbol:焊接符号46. Tack welds:点焊缝47. Crater:焊缝尾部凹坑48. Back gouging:反刮槽49. Weld toe:焊接母材交线处50. Arc welding:弧焊希望对你有所帮助！。
焊接工艺评定报告中英
焊接工艺评定报告Assessment report of welding process
报告编号：
Report number
评定日期：
Assessment date：
编制：
Compiled by
审核:
Reviewed by
批准:
Approved by
天津赛象科技股份有限公司
Tianjin Saixiang Technology Co.,Ltd
目录
Contents of table
1.焊接工艺评定报告
Assessment report of welding process
2.焊接工艺指导书
Welding process guidance
3.外观、金相、无损检测报告
Inspection report of appearance,metallography and non-wearing 4.理化、性能试验检测试验报告
Inspection report of physical and performance test
5.母材材质检测报告
Inspection report of base material
6.焊材材质检测报告
Inspection report of welding material
7.保护气体检测报告
Inspection report of protection air
焊接工艺评定报告PQR共3页第1页Assessment report of welding process PQR Sheet3Page1
预热：
预热温度（℃）：层间温度（℃）：其他：多道焊或单道焊（每面）：多道焊多丝焊或单丝焊：单丝其他：。
焊工考试方法与项目代号
焊工考试方法与项目代号焊工考试方法与项目代号（2011新细则）焊工考试方法分类1、焊条电弧焊：SMAW；2、钨极气体保护焊：GTAW；3、气焊：OFW；4、埋弧焊：SAW；5、熔化极气体保护焊：GMAW（实芯焊丝）；6、熔化极气体保护焊：CFAW（药芯焊丝）；7、电渣焊：ESW8、等离子焊：PAW9、气电立焊：EGW10、摩擦焊：FRW11、螺柱电弧焊：SW试件钢号及代号1、FeⅠ类（碳素钢）： Q235、20#、20g、20R、L210、S205、HP265等。
2、FeⅡ类（低合金钢）： 16MnR、12Cr1MoV、20MnMoD、S240、L245、HP295等。
3、FeⅢ类（马氏体、铁素体不锈钢）： 1Cr5Mo、0Cr13、1Cr17、1Cr9Mo等。
4、FeⅣ类（奥氏体、双相不锈钢）5、铜与铜合金：CuⅠ~ CuⅤ6、镍与镍合金：NiⅠ~NiⅤ7、铝与铝合金：AI~AIⅤ8、钛与钛合金：TiⅠ~TiⅡ 0Cr18Ni9Ti、0Cr19Ni13Mo3、0Cr25Ni20、1Cr23Ni18等。
试件形式、位置及代号1、板状试件位置及代号： 1G（平焊）；2G（横焊）；3G（立焊）；4G（仰焊）。
2、管状试件位置及代号：1G（水平转动）；2G（垂直固定）；5G（水平固定）；6G（45°向上焊）。
3、管板角接头试件位置及代号： 2FRG（水平转动）；2FG （垂直固定平焊）；4FG（垂直固定仰焊）；5FG（水平固定）；6FG（45°向上焊）。
焊条类型、代号及应用范围1、Fe f1：钛钙型包括E4303、E5003、E5503-B1等。
2、Fe f 2：纤维素型包括E4310、E5011等。
3、Fe f 3；钛型、钛钙型包括G202、G302等。
4、Fe f 3J；低氢型包括E4315、E5015、E5016、E5515-B2、G307等。
5、Fe f 4：钛钙型包括E308L-16、E308-16、E309-16等。
焊接工艺英文
焊接工艺英文简介焊接工艺是制造业中常见的一种工艺，用于将金属零件通过熔化和固化的方式连接在一起。
在焊接工艺中，专业的术语和表达方式有助于促进国际间的交流和合作。
本文将介绍一些常见的焊接工艺英文术语，以便工程师和从事焊接工作的人员能够更好地理解和运用。
常见术语1.Welding（焊接）: The process of joining two or more metal partstogether by melting and solidifying.2.Arc welding（电弧焊接）: A welding process that uses an electric arcto melt metals and join them together.3.Gas welding（气焊）: A welding process that uses a gas flame to meltmetals and join them together.4.Spot welding（点焊）: A welding process in which metal parts arejoined together by a series of small spot welds.5.Seam welding（焊缝焊接）: A welding process that joins metalsalong a continuous seam.6.Butt joint（对接焊接）: A joint that occurs when two metal parts arealigned end-to-end and welded together.7.Fillet weld（角焊缝）: A weld that joins two metal parts at an angle.8.Weld bead（焊缝）: The material left behind after a weld iscompleted.9.Flux（熔剂）: A substance used to facilitate the welding process bypreventing oxidation and promoting proper fusion.10.Shielding gas（保护气体）: A gas used to protect the weld area fromatmospheric contamination during welding.常见缩写1.GTAW（Gas Tungsten Arc Welding）: 氩弧焊，一种常用的金属焊接方法。
焊接控制手册--中英文对照版
目 录/CONTENT1.目的 Purpose2.编写依据 Compiling basis3.焊接工程师职责 Responsibility of welding engineer4.焊接质量检查员职责 Responsibility of quality inspector5.焊接工艺（PQR、WPS）welding procedure6.电焊工管理 Welder management7.焊接消耗品控制 Welding consumable control8.焊接追踪程式计划 Weld tracking plan9.附录 Attachment1)焊接工艺指导书（WPS）Welding Procedure Specification2)Acceptance criteria for welds焊缝验收准则3)合格焊工登记表Registration form for accepted welder4)焊条日发放记录表Record form for daily issuing rods5)焊丝日发放记录表Record form for daily issuing wires1、目的 Purpose为了确保CSPC南海石化项目管道焊接工程质量，特编制此焊接控制手册。
We establish this welding control manual so as to assure welding project quality for piping of CSPC Nanhai Petrochemicals Project.2、编制依据 BasisCSPC南海石化项目文件：CSPC Nanhai Petrochemicals documents:1）PR－8710－0000－0025 Welding Program Procedure《焊接计划》2）PR－8710－0000－0026 Welder Training And Qualification Procedure 《焊工培训和资格评定》3）PR－8710－0000－0038 Welding Control Procedure 《焊接控制程序》4）DEP 30.10.60.18-CSPC Welding of metals5）GN－8710－3000－1002 《电焊工考试与管理规则》（附件十二） GN－8710－3000－1002《electric welder examination and managementregulation》(attachment twelve)美国机械工程师协会标准：American Society of Mechanical Engineer Codes:ASME B31.1、 ASME B31.3、 ASME IX国内标准：national standardGBJ50236－98、GB50235－973、现场焊接工程师职责responsibility of field welding engineer3.1.负责准备、发布、保存被业主批准的焊接程序、标准、规范及焊工数据库、程序资格认定测试、WPS以及PQR认定记录。
焊材对照
国内钢号
分：
C 0.03 Mn 2
美国钢号（AMTM）
美国钢号 （ASTM）
日本钢号 （JIS）
P 0.045 S 0.09 Cr 16-18 Mo 2-3
西德钢号 （DIN）
苏联钢号
A2S9P7AH-成HC分成： C 0.4
Cr 20-25 Ni 12.5 Si 1.75
分： C ≤0.12 Mn≤0.06 P 0.79-0.11 S 0.003-0.116 Cr 0.35-0.25 Cu 0.26-0.34 Ni≤0.65
E55××-B2（R307） E55××-B2V（R317）
E55××-VW(R327) E55××-B2VNb(R337)
贝氏体钢
12Cr2MoWVTiB、 12Cr3MoWVTiB、12Cr2Mo
SA335P22、SA369FP22、 SA387 22、SA213T23、
A335P22、A217WC9 A691Cr-
——
注：选择焊材前应认真核对钢材的机械性能及钢材和焊材的合金元素含量，本表只大概提供了钢号和焊材的选用范围。
异种钢选材原则 1.奥氏体不锈钢与低碳钢焊接的选材：如1Cr18Ni9Ti与A3钢焊接时应选用E1-23-13-15（A307）。2.奥氏体不锈钢与珠光体钢焊接的选材：应选A302/307或A402/407 也可采用镍基合金型如ENiCrFe-3（Ni307）。3.奥氏体与铁素体钢焊接的选材：应选用A102。
1X18HgT、 08X18H0T、 12X18H10T
E308－××（A107/102） E347－××（A137/132） E318－××（A237/232） E309－××（A307/302）
H1Cr18Ni9Ti H1Cr19Ni9
焊接方法与几种焊材的中英文对照
焊接方法与几种焊材的中英文对照自己在工作中总结出了几种焊接方法和焊材的英文名称，看大家是否用得上MIG --------------Metal Inert Gas arc welding ----------熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊MAG--------------Metal Active Gas arc welding----------熔化极活性气体气体保护电弧焊TIG --------------Tungsten Inert Gas Welding--------------钨极惰性气体保护焊SAW——Submerged Arc Welding——埋弧焊其它:FCAW——flux cored arc welding——药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-G——gas-shielded flux cored arc welding——气保护药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-S——self-shielded flux cored arc welding——自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊GMAW——gas metal arc welding——熔化极气体保护电弧焊GTAW——gas tungsten arc welding——钨极气体保护电弧焊焊材与焊接常用词汇:焊丝welding wire. Welding rod实心焊丝solid wire镀铜焊丝copper-plating welding wire 或copper-coating welding wire药芯焊丝flux-cored wire填充焊丝filler wire焊条electrode/ covered electrode酸性焊条acid electrode高钛型焊条high titania (type) electrode钛钙型焊条lime titania type electrode钛铁矿形焊条ilmenite type electrode氧化铁型焊条iron oxide type electrode/ high iron oxide type electrode高纤维素型焊条high cellulose (type) electrode石墨型焊条graphite type electrode碱性焊条basic electrode/ lime type covered electrode低氢型焊条low hydrogen type electrode高韧性超低氢焊条high toughness super low hydrogen electrode奥氏体焊条austenitic electrode铁素体焊条ferritic electrode不锈钢焊条stainless steel electrode珠光体耐热钢焊条pearlitic heat resistant steel electrode低温钢焊条low temperature steel electrode/ steel electrode for low temperature铝合金焊条aluminum alloy arc welding electrode铜合金焊条copper-alloy arc welding electrode铜芯铸铁焊条cast iron electrode with steel core纯镍铸铁焊条pure nickel cast iron electrode球墨铸铁焊条electrode for welding spheroidal graphite cast iron 铸芯焊条electrode with cast core wire镍基合金焊条nickel base alloy covered electrode渗铝钢焊条alumetized steel electrode高效率焊条high efficiency electrode铁粉焊条iron powder electrode重力焊条gravity electrode立向下焊条electrode for vertical down position welding水下焊条underwater welding electrode耐海水腐蚀焊条seawater corrosion resistant steel electrode堆焊焊条surfacing electrode耐磨堆焊焊条hardfacing electrode钴基合金堆焊焊条cobalt base alloy surfacing electrode碳化钨堆焊焊条tungsten carbide surfacing electrode高锰钢堆焊焊条high manganese steel surfacing electrode管状焊条flux-cored electrode。
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焊接方法与几种焊材的中英文对照自己在工作中总结出了几种焊接方法和焊材的英文名称，看大家是否用得上MIG --------------Metal Inert Gas arc welding ----------熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊MAG--------------Metal Active Gas arc welding----------熔化极活性气体气体保护电弧焊TIG --------------Tungsten Inert Gas Welding--------------钨极惰性气体保护焊SAW——Submerged Arc Welding——埋弧焊其它:FCAW——flux cored arc welding——药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-G——gas-shielded flux cored arc welding——气保护药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-S——self-shielded flux cored arc welding——自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊GMAW——gas metal arc welding——熔化极气体保护电弧焊GTAW——gas tungsten arc welding——钨极气体保护电弧焊焊材与焊接常用词汇:焊丝welding wire. Welding rod实心焊丝solid wire镀铜焊丝copper-plating welding wire 或copper-coating welding wire药芯焊丝flux-cored wire填充焊丝filler wire焊条electrode/ covered electrode酸性焊条acid electrode高钛型焊条high titania (type) electrode钛钙型焊条lime titania type electrode钛铁矿形焊条ilmenite type electrode氧化铁型焊条iron oxide type electrode/ high iron oxide type electrode高纤维素型焊条high cellulose (type) electrode石墨型焊条graphite type electrode碱性焊条basic electrode/ lime type covered electrode低氢型焊条low hydrogen type electrode高韧性超低氢焊条high toughness super low hydrogen electrode奥氏体焊条austenitic electrode铁素体焊条ferritic electrode不锈钢焊条stainless steel electrode珠光体耐热钢焊条pearlitic heat resistant steel electrode低温钢焊条low temperature steel electrode/ steel electrode for low temperature 铝合金焊条aluminum alloy arc welding electrode铜合金焊条copper-alloy arc welding electrode铜芯铸铁焊条cast iron electrode with steel core纯镍铸铁焊条pure nickel cast iron electrode球墨铸铁焊条electrode for welding spheroidal graphite cast iron铸芯焊条electrode with cast core wire镍基合金焊条nickel base alloy covered electrode渗铝钢焊条alumetized steel electrode高效率焊条high efficiency electrode铁粉焊条iron powder electrode重力焊条gravity electrode立向下焊条electrode for vertical down position welding水下焊条underwater welding electrode耐海水腐蚀焊条seawater corrosion resistant steel electrode堆焊焊条surfacing electrode耐磨堆焊焊条hardfacing electrode钴基合金堆焊焊条cobalt base alloy surfacing electrode碳化钨堆焊焊条tungsten carbide surfacing electrode高锰钢堆焊焊条high manganese steel surfacing electrode管状焊条flux-cored electrode装焊平台welding platen电磁平台electromagnetic platen焊接翻转机welding tilter焊接回转台floor turnable positioner焊接变位机positioner焊接滚轮架turning rolls焊条保温筒thermostat for electrode焊接参数welding parameter 电压Voltage激光切割laser cutting(LC); laser beam cutting电子束切割electron beam cutting喷气激光切割gas jet laser cutting碳弧切割carbon arc cutting水下切割underwater cutting喷水式水下电弧切割waterjet method underwater arc cutting氧矛切割oxygen lancing; oxygen lance cutting溶剂氧切割powder lancing手工气割manual oxygen cutting自动气割automatic oxygen cutting仿形切割shape cutting数控切割NC (numerical-control) cutting快速切割high-speed cutting垂直切割square cut叠板切割stack cutting坡口切割beveling; bevel cutting碳弧气割carbon arc air gouging火焰气刨flame gouging火焰表面清理scarfing氧熔剂表面修整powder washing预热火焰preheat flame预热氧preheat oxygen切割氧cutting oxygen/ cutting stream切割速度cutting speed切割线lone of cut/ cut line切割面face of cut/ cut face切口kerf切口上缘cutting shoulder切口宽度kerf width后拖量drag切割面平面度evenness of cutting surface/ planeness of cutting surface 割纹深度depth of cutting veins/ stria depth切割面质量quality of cut face上缘熔化度shoulder meltability/ melting degree of shoulder切口角kerf angle缺口notch挂渣adhering slag结瘤dross割炬cutting torch/ cutting blowpipe/ oxygen-fuel gas cutting torch割枪cutting gun割嘴cutting nozzle/ cutting tip快速割嘴divergent nozzle/ high-speed nozzle表面割炬gouging blowpipe水下割炬under-water cutting blowpipe水下割条electrode for under-water cutting粉剂罐powder dispenser数控切割机NC cutting machine门式切割机flame planer光电跟踪切割机photo-electric tracing cutting火焰切管机pipe flame cutting machine磁轮式气割机gas cutting machine with magnetic wheels 焊接结构welded structure/ welded construction焊件weldment焊接部件weld assembly组装件built-up member接头设计joint design焊接应力welding stress焊接瞬时应力transient welding stress焊接残余应力welding residual stress热应力thermal stress收缩应力contraction stress局部应力local stress拘束应力constraint stress固有应力inherent stress固有应变区inherent strain zone残余应力测定residual stress analysis逐层切割法Sach’s methodX射线衍射法X-ray stress analysis小孔释放法Mathar method固有应变法inherent strain method消除应力stress relieving局部消除应力local stress relieving应力重分布stress redistribution退火消除应力stress relieving by annealing温差拉伸消除应力low temperature stress relieving机械拉伸消除应力mechanical stress relieving应力松弛stress relaxation焊接变形welding deformation焊接残余变形welding residual deformation局部变形local deformation角变形angular distortion自由变形free deformation收缩变形contraction deformation错边变形mismatching deformation挠曲变形deflection deformation波浪变形wave-like deformation火焰矫正flame straightening反变形backward deformation焊接力学welding mechanics断裂力学fracture mechanics弹塑性断裂变形elasto-plastic fracture mechanics线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics延性断裂ductile fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture应力腐蚀开裂stress corrosion cracking热应变脆化hot straining embrittlement临界裂纹尺寸critical crack size裂纹扩展速率crack propagation rate裂纹张开位移（COD）crack opening displacement拘束度restraint intensity拘束系数restraint coefficient应变速率strain rate断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factor临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factors应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factor of stress corrosion cracking J积分J-integration罗伯逊止裂试验Robertson crack arrest testESSO试验ESSO test双重拉伸试验doucle tension test韦尔斯宽板拉伸试验Well’s wide plate test帕瑞斯公式Paris formula断裂分析图fracture analysis diagram焊接车间welding shop焊接工作间welding booth焊接工位welding post/ welding station焊接环境welding surroundings焊工welder电焊工manual arc welder气焊工gas welder焊接检验员weld inspector焊工培训welders training焊工模拟练习器trainer of synthetic weld焊工考试welder qualification test焊工合格证welder qualification/ welder qualified certification钢板预处理steel plate pretreatment喷沙sand blast喷丸shot blast矫正straighten开坡口bevelling (of the edge)/ chanfering装配assembly/ fitting安装erect刚性固定rigid fixing装配焊接顺序sequence of fitting and welding 焊接工艺评定welding procedure qualification 焊接工艺规程welding procedure specification 焊接工艺试验welding procedure test焊接工艺卡welding procedure card工序operational sequence焊接材料消耗定额welding consumables quota 焊接工时定额welder-hour quota清渣slag removal清根back gouging/ back chipping锤击peening返修次数number of rewelding焊接工作台welding bench装焊平台welding platen电磁平台electromagnetic platen焊接翻转机welding tilter焊接回转台floor turnable positioner焊接变位机positioner焊接滚轮架turning rolls焊接操作机manpulator焊工升降台welder’s lifting platform焊接夹具welding jig/ fixture磁力夹紧器magnetic jig螺旋推撑器screw operated tensioning unit焊丝盘绕机welding wire coiler焊条压涂机welding electrode extrusion press 红外线加热器infra-red heater干燥箱dryer焊条保温筒thermostat for electrode流量计flow meterCO2预热器CO2 heaterCO2干燥器CO2 desiccator焊接电缆welding cable电缆夹头welding connector地线earth lead地线夹头earth clamp焊接参数记录仪welding parameter recorder 焊缝检测规weld gauge喷嘴通针tip cleaner测温笔tempil stick敲渣锤chipping hammer焊接衬垫backing/ welding backing保留垫板fusible backing/ permanent backing临时垫板temporary backing焊剂垫flux backing惰性气体衬垫inert-gas backing引弧板run-on tab/ end tab/ starting weld tab引出板run-off tab/ end tab定位板strong-back加强勒stiffener嵌条insert套环ferrule面罩helmet滤光镜片filter glass/ welding glass防护镜片cover glass/ plain glass气焊眼镜welding goggles焊接机器人welding robot点焊机器人spot welding robot弧焊机器人arc welding robot切割机器人cutting robot焊接机器人生产线robot line for welding焊接机器人工作站welding robot station机器人运动自由degree of free for robot机器人工作空间robot working space轨迹重复精度path repeatability点位重复精度PTP repeatability焊接专家系统welding expert system焊接机器人示数welding robot play back焊接图象识别pattern recognition for welding焊接图象处理welding image processing计算机辅助焊接工艺设计computer-aided welding process programming (CAWPP) 计算机辅助焊接结构设计computer-aided design for welding structure焊接烟尘weld fume焊接发尘量total amount of fumes焊接烟尘浓度weld fume concentration焊接烟尘容限浓度threshold limit values of weld fume (TLV)焊接发尘速率weld fume emission rate焊接有害气体welding toxic gases/ weld harmful gases标定卫生空气需要量nominal hygienic air requirement焊工尘肺pheumocomsis of welder焊工锰中毒chronic occupational manganese poisoning of welder焊工氟中毒fluorosis of welder焊工金属烟热metal fume fever of welder电光性眼炎eye-flash (arc eye)电光性皮炎electro-photo dermatitis电弧紫外线灼伤ultraviolet ray burn防电击装置voltage reducing device除尘装置dust collection device焊工手套welding gloves护脚welding spats防护鞋shielding shoes焊接欠缺welding imperfection焊接缺陷weld defect气孔blowhole/ gas pore针尖状气孔pinhole密集气孔porosity条虫状气孔wormhole裂纹crack表面裂纹surface crack咬边undercut焊瘤overlap凹坑pit烧穿burn through塌陷excessive penetration未焊透incomplete penetration/ lack of penetration未熔合lack of fusion/ incomplete fusion未焊满incompletely filled weld根部凹陷root concavity电弧擦伤arc scratch夹渣slag inclusion夹杂物inclusion夹钨tungsten inclusion白点fish eye/ flake错边misalignment/ dislocation试件test piece试样test specimen无损检验nondestructive test破坏检验destructive test外观检查visual examination超声波探伤ultrasonic inspection直射法超声波探伤straight beam method斜射法超声波探伤angle beam method液浸法超声波探伤immersion method射线探伤radiographic inspection/ radiographyX射线探伤X-ray radiographic inspectionγ射线探伤gamma-ray inspectionX射线工业电视探伤X-ray industrial television inspection 磁粉探伤magnetic particle inspection电磁探伤electromagnetic inspection/ eddy current test探伤灵敏度flaw detection sensitivity渗透探伤penetration inspection荧光探伤flurescent penetrant inspection 着色探伤dye penetrant inspection密封性检验leak test气密性检验air tight test枕形气密检验pillow test耐压检验pressure test水压检验hydraulic test气压检验pneumatic test液晶检验liquid crystal test声发射检测acoustic emission testing面弯试验face bend testing背弯试验root bend test侧弯试验side bend test横弯试验horizontal bend test纵弯试验axial bend test压扁试验squeezing test。