概要写作--分类讲解

概要写作分类（叙述类&论说类）讲解1. 叙述类文章【文本分析】叙述类文章主要叙事，即讲述一个故事，往往涵盖5WH（Who, What, When, Where, Why, How）等信息，根据故事的情节发展（Plot Development），文本基本可以分成五个部分：●引入（Exposition）：作为故事的开端，主要交代故事的背景（时间、地点、主要人物、矛盾冲突等）；●发展（Rising action）：故事矛盾冲突不断变化发展的过程；●高潮（Climax）：故事矛盾冲突的转折点，故事最紧张的部分；●结局（Falling action）：故事发展的结局，矛盾冲突的最终解决；●尾声（Resolution）：故事结局的影响，以及作者的总结、思考。

其中，“尾声”部分并不属于情节发展的必要部分，因此并非所有叙述类文章都具备。

【概要写作步骤】①根据情节发展的阶段，将文本分成四到五个部分。

②圈划符合该部分功能、推动情节发展的主要内容，用一句话进行总结。

③用精炼的语言连接，润色每个部分的概述性句子。

④认真检查，自检标准：5WH【例题解析】Meet The Member Who Quit SugarWhen I was 15, I weighed 100 kg.I was a size 20+and hated the way I looked. I was a serial big eater and quite depressed. I would sit in front of the fridge, eat something, move to the cupboard, eat a packet of chips, and move back to the fridge.It was a heartbreaking cycle of hate and food. I didn’t feel confident, pretty, or worthwhile.Shopping made me cry, I avoided mirrors, and my social life came to an end. I actually lost friends because they told me I was antisocial. It became so bad that I wanted to abuse myself; my skin and my mind became my enemy.But then, I turned my life around. I quit sugar.It started with my mum. She staged an intervention(干预) that made me cry. I wanted to change -I needed to change - and she could see how unhappy I was.She put me onto a diet that mostly aimed to schedule meals, and - to my shock horror - cut out all processed sugar. It was so hard at first. I remember the shame of sneaking chocolate and candies when the three o’clock hunger hits.But the weeks kept coming and it just got easier. I stopped eating sugar, and I stopped loving it; simple as that.I substituted chips and biscuits for fruit and nuts, and had cup-of-soups after school when I was hit by the desire. I also had more energy, having a 20-minute walk with my dog into my everyday routine; I began to love that personal time.⑤Cutting out sugar gave me so much more control over my body, and my outlook on life improved. Somany people are intimidated by the words “quit sugar”. It’s not true. Fruit, honey, et cetera are natural sugars, and believe me, they fuel you better than chocolate bars ever could.Now I’m 17, turning 18, and I weigh 70 kg. I still struggle with my weight, but this is where I sit naturally, and I am very proud of myself. I never thought I would be confident enough to wear dresses or skirts, and take leadership roles to put myself out there and develop my social skills.I could never have done it without the support of my friends and family, and I urge everyone who wants to do right by themselves and change their diet - quitting sugar or otherwise - to share their decision with people. Develop a support network,online or offline, which can offer you advice or pick you up when you’re down.And I can assure you, from my own personal experience, your body will thank you, and you will thank yourself too.Possible version of the summaryPassage ABefore quitting sugar, she was low-spirited about her overweight. Then her mom stepped in and required her to follow a diet to quit sugar. Despite initial discomfort, she was gradually used to eating and living healthily. With her weight lost, she felt better and regained confidence. To do this right, we need to take action and seek support.(59 words)Passage BAfter experiencing a lot of heartbreaking moments due to her overweight, the author made up her mind to go diet by quitting sugar. She turned to her mother and healthy food. After struggling with her weight and sugar-eating habit, now she has lost 30 kg and feels much better than ever before. Her experience is to take action and support. (60 words)2. 论说类文章1）现象分析型【文本分析】【概要写作步骤】①根据此类文章的基本结构，将文本分为三个部分。

②圈划各个部分的内容要点。

③撰写概要。

概要由以下三个部分组成：●第一部分：现象具体表现的关键信息。

●第二部分：现象的分析或说明等主题句及支持性细节的关键信息。

第三部分（如有）：文本所提供的影响、评论等其他信息。

④用精炼的语言连接、润色每个部分。

⑤认真检查。

自检标准：现象的具体表现，以及围绕其进行分析、评论的主题句与支持性细节的关键词句。

【例题解析】Gene Therapy“We used to think that our fate was in our stars, but now we know that, in large measure, our fate is in our genes,” said James Watson. Watson is a molecular (分子的）biologist and co-discoverer of DNA structure. Why? Scientists are seeing that gene therapy is revolutionizing the treatment of disease.In gene therapy, healthy genes are introduced into defective(有缺陷的）cells to prevent or cure disease. While much of the research is in the beginning stages, some successes point to the real benefit of the therapy. In Italy, doctors have recently treated one genetic disease with gene therapy. This disease most often begins to destroy the brain when children are between 1 and 2, stopping them from walking and talking. By inserting normal, healthy genetic material into a virus and then infecting the patients, scientists seem to be able to cure the disease. Although the children given the therapy still need follow-up treatments, they now lead a relatively normal life.Gene therapy has also been used to help older patients. These people suffer from a disease that causes slow movement and uncontrollable shaking because part of the brain dies. Those treated with gene therapy showed a 23.1 percent improvement when tested six months later.Gene therapy appears to be a more positive alternative to surgery or medicine and is an exciting new approach that is just making the news. Researchers hope that in the coming years, every genetic disease will have gene therapy as its treatment. But more research is needed to assure its safety.Possible version of the summary:Gene therapy, intended to prevent or cure disease by inserting healthy genes into faulty cells, is changing the treatment of disease revolutionarily. Though still in the initial phases, gene theory has benefited both children and older patients with genetic disease by improving their conditions. However, more research should be done to ensure it’s safe. (54 words)2）因果关系型【文本分析】【概要写作步骤】①根据此类文章的基本结构，将文本分为两到三个部分。