新标准Unit 5

Unit five: Our EarthTeaching objectivesThemeThe earth、environmental protectionVocabulary pilot surround liquid measure importanceSpeaking What the earth will be in the future and what we can do for itGrammar PrepositionPractical writing How to write slogansText ABackground InformationPlans for the first Earth Day were announced in San Francisco at the UNESCO Conference on the Environment held in November 1969. FORMER U.S Senator Gaylord Nelson suggested that March 21,the first day of spring , be established Earth Day for a nationwide teach-in on the environment. On April 22, 1970, an estimated 20million people, 2000 colleges and universities, 10,000 grammar and high schools and 1,000 communities took part in the first nationwide demonstrations on environmental problems in the USA, which marked the beginning of the world’s celebration of Earth Day.Group Discussion1. can you name the earth’s seven continents and five oceans and point then out on map?2. what will the earth be like in one billion years?TEXTⅠ. Vocabulary1.pilot n.飞行员，领航员vt. 驾驶，领航e.g.(1)she wants to be a pilot in the future.(2) he can pilot the plane.2. surround vt.包围，围绕e.g. the city is surrounded by a mountain range.Surrounding n. 围绕物，环境 adj. 周围的e.g. social surrounding 社会环境； a surrounding country 邻国3.liquid adj. 液体的e.g. liquid soap 液体皂4. measure v. 测量 n. 措施，办法e.g. (1) mother measured me to see the size for my clothes.(2) we use a thermometer to measure temperature.5. protect vt. 保护e.g. sunglasses protect our eyes from sunshine.Ⅱ. Language points1.Their views of the earth are all correct but none really tells what the earth truly is.他们对于地球的看法都是对的，但是没有人真正说出了地球到底是什么。

Sentence Paraphrase:What they know about the earth is all correct but nobody really reveals the basic facts about the earth.Structural Analysis:a. 不定代词none的用法：如果碰到代词，一定要理解代词所指代的内容，才能正确理解句子。

这句话中不定代词none指的是none of them，即none of the farmers, the builders, the sailors, the pilots and the spacemen。

none是一个不定代词，英语中的不定代词包括：some, somebody, something, someone, any, anybody, anything, anyone, no, nobody, nothing, no one, all, both, neither, none, either, each, every, everybody, everything, everyone, other, another, much, many, few, a few, little, a little, one等。

这里我们就none的用法作简要说明：代词none既可以指人，也可以指物，它指代的对象包含三个或三个以上（如果指代对象是两个的话，就要用neither了）。

none可以单独使用，也可以在后面跟上of词组，有时后面也可以跟上介词but词组。

none和no one的区别在于后者只能指人。

2. The earth is a huge ball covered with water, rock and soil, and surrounded by air.地球是一个巨大的球体，被水、岩石和土壤覆盖着，被空气包围着。

Sentence Paraphrase:The earth is a very large ball. Its surface is made up of water, rock andsoil and there is air all around the earth.Structural Analysis:这个句子的补语a huge ball后面有两个修饰语covered with water, rock and soil和surrounded by air。

这两个修饰语都是由动词的过去分词词组充当的，类似的现象文中还有A thin layer of rock called the crust forms the earth’s surface.名词的修饰语主要由形容词（词组）、名词（词组）、-ing分词（词组）、-ed分词（词组）、介词词组、动词不定式、定语从句等成分来实现。

需要注意的是，我们有时需要在-ing分词和-ed分词之间进行选择，如果用错了，不仅在语法上产生错误，也会影响句子的意思。

-ing分词作为名词的修饰语时，通常带有主动意义或未完成意义；-ed分词作为名词的修饰语时，通常带有被动意义或完成意义。

文中的句子其实相当于The earth is a huge ball that is covered with water, rock and soil, and is surrounded by air. A thin layer of rock called the crust forms the earth’s surface.相当于A thin layer of rock that is called the crust forms the earth’s surface.3.One day is the time it takes the earth to spin around once.一天就是地球自转一周需要的时间。

Sentence Paraphrase:It takes the earth a certain length of time to rotate once and this length of time is set as a day.Structural Analysis:这句话中的it takes the earth to spin around once是一个定语从句修饰先行词the time，先行词在定语从句中作take的宾语。

原句为it takes the earth the time to spin around once，此句型为it takes somebody some time to do something（某人做某事要花……时间）。

再看几个例句：1. It takes Mr. Johnson three days to finish the job.2. It takes the earth one year to travel once around the sun. Grammar Preposition一、表示时间的介词1.at, on, in1）.at用于表示某一具体时刻或时间点或重大节日之前。

例如：?at night 在夜晚 at noon 在中午?at midnight 在午夜at ten o?clock 在十点钟?2）.on指“具体的某一天或某天的上午、下午、晚上”，在重大节日前也可用on。

例如：on a cold day 在一个寒冷的日子?on Sunday 在星期天?3）.in表示周、月、季节、年或泛指上午、下午、晚上。

例如：?in a week 在一周内 in February 在二月?in spring 在春季2.before, after?1）.before表示“在某时刻或某件事之前”。

例如：He must be at home before 5:00 pm.?下午五点之前他一定在家。

Check your papers carefully before you hand them in. 在你交卷之前，仔细检查你的试卷。

2）.after表示“在某时刻或某件事之后”。

例如：After breakfast he hurried to school.?早饭后，她匆忙上学去了。

Call me at once after you get there.?到那儿之后马上给我打电话。

3.by, until, till1）.by表示“在……之前；到……为止”。

例如：You must finish your job by six o'clock.?你必须在六点之前完成这项工作。