WTO-PPT介绍

• With the objective of sustainable development.
• Positive efforts designed to ensure that developing countries, especially Less Developed Country, secure a share in the growth in international trade commensurate with the needs of their economic development.
• an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade
• The organization officially commenced under the Marrakech Agreement（马拉喀什协议 ）, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which commenced in 1948.
• The General Agreement formulated a set of principles and rules to deal with the trade relations for the members
1.1.3 the function of GATT
• The General Agreement provided venues and rules to deal with the conflicts and disputes of mutual trade relations for the members • The General Agreement provides the possibility of holding the negotiation about tariff concession for the members. • The General Agreement strives preferential terms of trade for developing countries.
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1.1 What is the WTO
Formation: 1 January1995 Headquarters: Geneva,Switzerland Membership: 153 member states Official languages: English, French, Spanish • The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations.
1.6 the principles of WTO
• Principles based on Legal Documents
—Most Favored Nation Treatment(最惠国待遇 原则) —National Treatment(国民待遇原则) —Fairness —Reciprocity(互惠)
1.3 the WTO's main activities
• negotiating the reduction or elimination of obstacles to trade (import tariffs, other barriers to trade) and agreeing on rules governing the conduct of international trade (e.g. antidumping, subsidies, product standards, etc.) • administering and monitoring the application of the WTO's agreed rules for trade in goods, trade in services, and trade-related intellectual property rights • monitoring and reviewing the trade policies of our members, as well as ensuring transparency of regional and bilateral trade agreements
1.2 the goal of WTO
• With a view to raising standards of living, ensuring full employment and a large and steadily growing volume of real income and effective demand. • Expanding the production of world and trade in goods and service.
1.4 the structure of WTO
• Ministerial Conference(部长级会议) • General Council(总理事会) —Three sub-councils • The Dispute Settlement Mechanism • The Trade Policy Review Body(贸易政策 审议机构) • Five special committees • Director-General(总干事) and the secretariat
1.1.1 GATT(关税及贸易总协定 )
• The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the WTO’s predecessor, was established after World War II in the wake of other new multilateral institutions dedicated to international economic cooperation — notably the Bretton Woods institutions (布雷顿森林体系) known as the World Bank and the IMF. • GATT on October 30, 1947 signed in Geneva, and in January 1, 1948 began the provisional application. It is a multilateral international agreement which concluded between the governments about tariffs and trade rules,referred as GATT ( short title GATT).
• settling disputes among our members regarding the interpretation and application of the agreements
• building capacity of developing country government officials in international trade matters • assisting the process of accession of some 30 countries who are not yet members of the organization • conducting economic research and collecting and disseminating trade data in support of the WTO's other main activities • explaining to and educating the public about the WTO, its mission and its activities.
1.1.2 the purpose of GATT
• Its purpose is through the reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers, slashing differential treatment in international trade, promoting international trade liberalization, in order to take full advantage of the world's resources to expand production and circulation of commodities.
• Core Principles
—Non-discrimination —Liberalization(贸易自由化) —Transparency(透明)
2.1 The Doha Round
Doha Round is a new round of multilateral trade negotiations among the members of the World Trade Organization. 9 November 2001 to 14, held in the Qatari capital Doha, the Fourth WTO Ministerial Conference launched a new round of multilateral trade negotiations, known as the "Doha Development Agenda," or the "Doha Round."