new22-从句-连词及状语-非谓语
语法专题：状语从句(含练习和答案)
状语从句一、状语从句的定义状语从句（Adverbial Clause）是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。
状语从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
状语从句根据其作用可分为：时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、方式和比较等从句。
状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导，也可以由词组引起。
从句位于句首或句中时通常用逗号与主句隔开，位于句尾时可以不用逗号隔开。
二、状语从句常用引导词1. 时间状语从句as /while /whe n /un til /once /since / before; whe never, he first/last time,every/each time等。
2. 地点状语从句3. 原因状语从句4. 条件状语从句5. 目的状语从句6. 结果状语从句7. 方式状语从句where/wherever 等。
because/as/si nce/fo 等。
if/unl ess/as long as 等。
so that/i n order that/i n case等。
so...that/such...that/so tha等。
as/as if(though)等。
than/as …as/the more …the 等ore9. 让步状语从句although/no matter+.../eve n if/ whatever/ as尽管）等。
三、状语从句分析1. 时间状语从句(1) 时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as 等连词来引导。
例如：It was raining hard ( rain hard 下大雨) when got to school yesterday.While he was doing his homework, the teleph one rang.As he walked along (沿着走)the lake, he sang happily.(2) 在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换非谓语动词和从句可以相互转换，那么如何将复合句改为简单句呢？首先，需要分清主从复合句，然后取消从句，一般要把引导从句的连词去掉。
例如，将"When he was waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"改为"Waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"。
其次，如果从句的谓语动词是主动式，就要把谓语动词改为现在分词；如果从句的谓语动词是被动式，就要把谓语动词改为过去分词，并且要注意时态的变化。
例如，将"After he had finished his homework。
he went home"改为"Having finished his homework。
he went home"。
另外，使用分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果主从句的主语不一致，在取消掉从句变为-ing或-ed形式时，要把从句的主语保留，其它部分和以前的改法一样。
例如，将"As it was hot。
we went swimming"改为"It being hot。
we went swimming"。
需要注意的是，在使用分词短语作状语时，它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
在很多情况下，它都表示一种伴随的动作或表示一种原因。
例如：1.If the weather allows。
I will go there.2.After the rain ped。
XXX.3.His XXX。
and he prepared to return to his institute.4.With so many comrades absent。
XXX.From the above examples。
we can see that the present participle (-ing) usually indicates an n that is happening at the same time as the main verb in the sentence。
非谓语动词作定语和状语
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不 定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语 定式动作的承受者时， 也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。 态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。 1). I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything ___________(take) to your son? to be taken 2). Are you going to Beijing? Do you have anything __________(take) to your son?
进去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有“动宾关系” 进去分词作定语与其修饰的名词有“动宾关系”，表 示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。 示一个被动或完成的动作，相当于一个被动的定语从句。 1) Some of the experiments ____ in the book
C
are easy to perform. A. describing B. to be described C. described D. to describe 2) It is said that Beijing University was the first A institute of higher learning_____ in China. A. established B. being established C. to be established D .having been established
A
C
不定式（ 不定式（to do)
非 谓 语
过去分词(-ed) 过去分词 分词 现在分词(-ing) 现在分词
-ed 分词
- ing 分词
非谓语动词用法精讲(完整版)-(共133张)
● ② 动词-ing形式的完成式一般只用来作状语， 不作定语。两个分词所表示的时间有先后，不 用分词作定语表示先时性。 【误】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 【正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. 被地 震毁坏的庙宇很快就要重建了。
A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. being paid
④. The repairs cost a lot ,but it’s money well ________. A．to spend B．Spent C．being spent D．Spending
4、分词作状语
B. hanging
C. hangs
D. being hung
②．Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _____ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
Do you know anyone having lost a cat? × Do you know anyone who has lost a cat? √
c. 不定式作定语，指将来的时间，与被修饰词 形成主谓、动宾、同位关系或修饰关系。
The next train to arrive was from New York. This is the material ___ in the lab tomorrow.
状语从句
8.由as long as和so long as 引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示 “有多久……就多久”，通常译为“只 要”。 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回 来就行。 You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。
7.由each time, every time和whenever Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。 Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie. 每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想 他就要说谎了。 You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。
I worked until he came back. 我工作到他回来为止。 I didn't work until he came back. 他回来我这才开始工作。
4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性 的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下， 从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓 语动词用现在完成时。但在It is ＋时间＋ since从句的句型中，主句多用一般现在时。 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 I have been in Beijing since you left. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing.
状语从句讲解及练习
状语从句讲解及练习初中英语状语从句讲解及专项练习状语从句指由句⼦来作状语。
它可以修饰谓语、⾮谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句⼦。
根据其作⽤可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、⽬的、结果、让步、⽅式和⽐较等从句。
状语从句⼀般由“主句+连词+从句”或者“连词+从句，主句”。
⼀、时间状语从句：由when，before，after，as soon as，since，until，not…until引导。
1. Mozart started writing music when he was four years old.当莫扎特4岁的时候，就开始写⾳乐作品。
2. He went home after he finished his homework yesterday.他昨天做完作业之后就回家了。
3. Mr. brown had worked in a bank for a year before he came here.布朗先⽣来这之前在⼀家银⾏⾥⼯作了⼀年。
4. we began to work as soon as we got there.我们⼀到那就开始⼯作。
Mr green has taught in that school since he came to china three years ago.⾃从格林先⽣三年前来到中国就⼀直在这所学校教书。
5. They walked until it was dark.他们⼀直⾛到天⿊。
6. Xia o ming didn’t leave home until his father came back.⼩明直到他爸爸回来才离开家。
⼆、条件状语从句：由连词if, unless (=if not) 引导。
1.I f it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go fishing.如果明天不下⾬, 我们就去钓鱼.2.You will get good grades if you study hard.如果你努⼒学习,就会取得好成绩.3.I will go to the party unless he goes there too.我不会去参加聚会的, 除⾮他也去.(如果他不去,我也不去.)4.You will be late unless you leave at once.如果你不马上⾛,你将会迟到的.(=I f you don’t leave at once, you will be late.)(主将从现)：在条件状语从句中, 当主句是将来时的时候,从句要⽤⼀般现在时.三、原因状语从句：由连词because（因为）, since, as（既然，由于）引导1.I didn’t go to school yesterday because i was ill.我昨天没去上学，因为我⽣病了。
非谓语从句
I. 非谓语动词：II.从句:1. 名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句, 表语从句).连词根据句意选.从句去掉后句子不成立.2.状语从句: (时间,地点,原因,条件,让步…) .连词根据句意选.3. 定语从句: 连词根据从句中缺不缺成分选. 从句去掉后,剩余部分仍是一个完整的句子.(I). 定语从句总结1. 先行词 + 关系词2 . 只能用which :1) ………, which……(非限定性定语从句，有逗号)2） 介词 + which(II). 状语从句 (根据句意选连词)1、时间状语从句常用引导词:when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until ，no sooner … than,hardly …when2、地点状语从句：wherever, anywhere, everywhere3、原因状语从句：because ,for , now that4、目的状语从句 in order that ,so that5、结果状语从句：so… that, such … that6、条件状语从句：if, unless ，as/so long as, only if, in case7、让步状语从句：:though, although, even if, even though ，,whatever, whoever,从句中缺主、宾 ： 人： who / whom = that 物： which / that 从句中不缺主、宾： 时间： when = 介词 + which 地点： where = 介词 + which (reason) 原因： why = for which ……的 ： whose = the …. of which(物) = the …. of whom(人)= of which the…(物) = of whom the…(人)wherever, whenever, however, whichever ,no matter …8、方式状语从句：as if, how(III)名词性从句1.连接词 that 引导名词性从句时，只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。
名词性从句和非谓语动词
混淆一
将名词性从句误认为是非谓语动词短语。名 词性从句是一个完整的句子作为另一个句子 的成分，而非谓语动词短语则是由非谓语动 词及其相关成分组成的短语。混淆两者可能 导致句子结构混乱，意思不清。
混淆二
将非谓语动词误认为是名词性从句的引导词。 非谓语动词可以作为名词性从句的引导词， 但并非所有非谓语动词都可以这样使用。混 淆两者可能导致句子语法错误，意思表达不 准确。
常见问题及误区纠正
名词性从句使用误区
误区一
从句中缺少连接词或连接词使用不当。在名词性从句中，连接词起到引导从句的作用，不能省略 。同时，根据从句所表达的意思，选择合适的连接词，避免使用不当。
误区二
主句与从句时态不一致。名词性从句的时态通常要与主句的时态保持一致，除非从句表达的是客 观事实或真理。
误区三
句子结构
从句内部可以是陈述句、疑问句或感叹句的结构，但整体在 句子中充当名词性成分。
时态与语态
根据主句的时态和语境，从句的时态和语态会相应调整。
语义功能分析
陈述事实
名词性从句可用于陈述一个事实或观点，作 为句子的重要信息。
提出问题
通过疑问词引导的名词性从句，可以提出一 个问题或表达疑惑。
表达情感
感叹句结构的名词性从句可用于表达强烈的 情感或感叹。
忽略非谓语动词的时态和语态变化。非谓语动词有时态和 语态的变化，要根据句子的具体语境选择合适的时态和语 态。
误区三
误用不定式和动名词。不定式表示一次性的动作或未发生 的动作，而动名词表示抽象的概念或已经发生的动作。在 使用非谓语动词时，要根据句子的意思选择合适的非谓语 动词形式。
两者混淆产生歧义问题
综合运用案例分析
名词性从句与非谓语动词的结合
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海豚教育个性化简案学生姓名：郑楠年级：高一科目：英语授课日期：月日上课时间：时分------ 时分合计：小时教学目标1、全国公共英语等级考试（二）模拟卷讲解。
2、语法点强化：连词及状语从句＋非谓语动词。
重难点导航1、状语从句考点及用法。
2、模拟试题演练。
教学简案：1、教学流程1.Warm-up2.Review3.Oral English4.Dialogue & Useful Expressions2、作业布置: 个性化作业3、教学反馈授课教师评价：今日学生课堂表现符合共项（大写）审核人签字（姓名、日期）□准时上课：无迟到和早退现象□今天所学知识点全部掌握：教师任意抽查一知识点，学生能完全掌握□上课态度认真：上课期间认真听讲，无任何不配合老师的情况□海豚作业完成达标：全部按时按量完成所布置的作业，无少做漏做现象课前：课后：学生签字：教师签字：备注：请交至行政前台处登记、存档保留，隔日无效（可另附教案内页）大写：壹贰叁肆签章：海豚教育个性化教案（真题演练）真题汇编：阅读下面短文,从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
If an American is 36 with you, he will put his thumb and forefinger into a 37 . That means OK. But in Brazil, the very sign is 38 to be rude. In Poland, a guest usually present flowers to his hostess. The number must be an odd(奇数) one. 39 , the hostess isn’t expected to 40 the cover of the bunch of flowers. And usually, red rose is a sign of love.Usually we nod to express our agreement and shake our heads to show disapproval. To our 41 these body movements mean the 42 in Bulgaria. (保加利亚) Arabs often greet 43 kissing on both cheeks. And the 44 of putting a hand on a person' neck is different 45 Chinese and Americans. Crossing 46 legs in the United States is a sign of 47 relaxed. But in Korea, it's not allowed. In Chinese, people hand 48 with both hands to 49 their respect, but for Muslims, they think the left hand is 50 and do not eat or pass anything with it.The 51 in customs and cultures in the world are really 52 . We should learn 53 about them to avoid 54 . Then, would you please remember: When in Rome, do as the 55 do.36. A. satisfy B. satisfying C. satisfied D. satisfaction37. A. circle B. round C. ball D. ring38. A. consider B. considers C. considering D. considered39. A. beside B. besides C. except D. except for40. A. receive B. repeat C. review D. remove41. A. surprise B. surprises C. surprising D. surprised42. A. wrong B. opposite C. same D. different43. A. with B. to C. by D. as44. A. pose B gesture C. action D. movement45. A. for B. from C. at D. in46. A. one B. ones C. one’s D. ones’47. A. be B. being C. to be D. to being48. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing49. A. show B. present C. display D. demonstrate50. A. clean B. unclean C. tidy D. untidy51. A. different B. difference C. differences D. differ52. A. acceptable B. available C. notable D. noticeable53. A. more B. many C. less D. fewer54. A. embarrass B. embarrassing C. embarrassed D. embarrassment55. A. Rome B. Romes C. Roman D. Romans海豚教育易错题汇编【例4】—Can you tell me ________ the prize，Tom?—Last year.A．when you got B．when did you getC．when will you get D．when you will get4. —Could you tell me _______?—To get ready for the High School Entrance Exam.A. what he is busyB. why he stays upC. if he is worriedD. where he can pass the exam7.—Did the radio say____?—Yes，from Hunan．A. how the bad rice came B．where the bad rice came fromC．how did the bad rice come D．where did the bad rice come from8. —I want to know .—Sorry. I’ve no idea. But she was here just now.A. where is AnnB. where Ann isC. where was AnnD. where Ann was连词及状语从句【考点串讲】对连词的考查内容主要是连词的基本用法和一些常见反义连词的辨析，大多数情况下是将连词放在并列句和复合句中。
对状语从句的考查主要集中在时间、原因和条件状语从句上。
尤其应当注意当主句为一般将来时，时间和条件状语用一般现在时。
高频考向一并列连词①表示平行或承接关系的：and，both...and...，neither...nor...，not only...but also...，as well as等；表示转折关系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示选择关系的：or，either...or...，not...but...；表示因果关系的：for，so等。
②both...and...连接主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；neither...nor...，not only...but...also...，either...or...连接主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”；as well as连接主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
so与because，but与although/though不能同时出现在一个句子中，二者只能选其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或选择疑问句中。
【例1】The train was late，________ we had to wait for half an hour.A．because B．or C．so D．but【例2】Don't be crazy about compute r games，________ your parents will be worried.A．and B．or C．but D．so【例3】Peter likes pop music，but ________ his father ________ his mother likes it.A．both；and B．not only；but alsoC．neither；nor D．either；or高频考向二从属连词从属连词是指用于连接各种从句的连词。
引导名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)的从属连词有that，whether，if(是否)，as if；连接代词有who，whom，whose，which，what等；连接副词有when，where，how，why等。
♦引导状语从句的从属连词①引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。
特别提示：while与as只能和延续性动词连用；若as soon as引导的时间状语从句中主句用一般将来时，则从句用一般现在时表示一般将来时。
②引导目的状语从句的连词有so，so that，in order that，in case等。
③引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，as，for，since等。
④引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that，such...that等，so修饰adj.或adv.。
such修饰名词，当名词前面有many，much，few或little修饰时，应用so。
⑤引导让步状语从句的连词有：althou gh，though，however(＝no matter how)，even if/though等。