非谓语动词语与从句的关系
从句与非谓语
• 3.After he had finished breakfast , he left the house and went to his office.
• After having finished breakfast , he left the house and went to his office.
• 定语从句要简化为分词短语形式时， 必须得 看定语从句的谓语时间和主句的谓语时间之间 的关系。 • 1.The men who were working on the site were in some danger . • 2.The men working on the site were in some danger . • 1.The men who are working on the site were in some danger . • 2.The men working on the site were in some danger .
• 4.The woman who lives next door is very friendly . • The woman living next door is very friendly .
• The woman next door is very friendly .
• That Duke won the game surprised us. • It surprised us that Duke won the game.
• Duke`s winning the game surprised us.
名词从句与不定式
• 由whether 或 what等引导名词从句一般简化 为不定式，其实主要是宾语从句简化为不定式。 此时的宾语从句中往往含有情态动词。 • 1. She can`t decide whether she should go with him or stay home. • 2. She can`t decide to go with him or to stay home.
(完整版)从句与非谓语之间的转换
从句与非谓语之间的转换一、当从句的主语与主句的主语一致（定语从句的主语与先行词一致)，如果从句中是：1）从句用be动词作谓语be + doing; 省略be；（例10)be + done；省略be；（例4)be + 介词短语;省略be；(例2）be + 形容词 / 副词； be变为being；(例9)be + 名词; be变为being；（例1）2）如果从句中是其他行为动词作谓语是一般现在时或一般过去时就一律用doing的进行时化简；（例3)是完成时态或after引导的一般时态，用having done化简.(例7和11）二、当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不一致时，也可按上面第一条中方法化简复合句。
化简后的短语前加上原从句中的主语即可（既是独立主格结构）。
（例5、6、8）1.When he was a young boy,he used to ask lots of questions。
= Being a young boy， he used toask lots of questions.2.When he was in the classroom, he read his book aloud。
= In the classroom, he read his bookaloud。
3.They went to the teacher for help who taught them English. = They went to the teacher teachingthem English for help。
4.When the earth is seen from space， it looks like a huge water ball。
= Seen from space, theearth looks like a huge water ball。
5.When a guest comes to your room, you can say to him "H ave a seat, please”。
非谓语动词与从句的转换
知识讲解知识点1：不定式〔短语〕与从句的关系1.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作主语，其功能相当于一个主语从句，因此二者之间可以转换。
(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you)(2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)..2.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于一个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语)(=when and where we should build a school)(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see)(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.).3.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding. (=that they can get a good understanding).4.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作定语.，相当于一个定语从句(1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing. (=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up.(=that grew up).5.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作目的．结果状语.，相当于一个目的．结果状语从句(1).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that)(2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she couldn’t…).6.【考查点】：不定式〔短语〕在句中作原因状语.，相当于一个原因状语从句(1).I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished by the boss)(2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game).知识点2：动名词〔短语〕与从句的关系1.【考查点】：动名词〔短语〕在句中作主语，相当于一个主语从句(1).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry.(2).Mary’s not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad. 被动的动名词在句中作主语时一般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly..2.【考查点】：动名词〔短语〕再句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier)..3.【考查点】：动名词〔短语〕在句中作表语.，相当于一个表语从句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul.=(that I’ll serve the people heart and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam.=〔that he hasn’t prepared his lessons fo r the exam〕.(3).The difficulty is Mary’s being caught between the two trees.=〔that Mary is caught between the two trees〕..4.【考查点】：介词＋动名词〔短语〕，相当于一个从句(1).He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake.(=that he was…)(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.(=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won.(=that our team had won).知识点3：分词〔短语〕与从句的关系1.【考查点】：分词〔短语〕作定语，相当于一个定语从句(1).The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan..2.【考查点】：分词独立结构，相当于一个状语从句，其中伴随状语多与并列句转换(1).Weather permitting, we’ll have the match tomorrow.(=If weather permits)(2).The dark clouds having disappeared, the sun shone again.(=When the dark clouds had disappeared)(3).The monitor being ill we’d better put the meting off.(=As the monitor was ill)(4).Other things being equal(=If other things are equal), I’d b uy the black dress.(5).Given more time(=If we were given more time), we could have done it better.(6).He came back, his hands tied to his back(=his hands were tied to his back)..3.【考查点】：分词短语，相当于一个状语从句(1).On arriving(=As soon as I arrive) there, I’ll te lephone you.〔时间〕(2).(While)waiting(=While I was waiting )for the bus, I caught sight of her．〔时间〕(3).Educated(=As he was educated ) by the party, he became a great fighter.〔原因〕(4).Not having received(=Because I hadn’t received an answer, I wrote to him again.〔原因〕(5).(If) given(=If we had been given )enough time, e could have done it better.〔条件〕(6).(Though) having made(=Though he had made) great achievements, he didn’t pride.(让步).4.【考查点】：分词短语作状语，可表伴随，结果，相当于and 的并列句，也可和with 转换(1).He died, leaving his daughter much money.(=and left)(2).The teacher entered the lab, followed by our students.(=and he was followed by our students =with us following him=and we followed him).5.【考查点】：分词短语在句中作宾语或宾语补足语，相当于一个宾语从句(1).He found the windows broken.(=He found that the windows were broken.)(2).I felt my heart beating fast at the news of bomb explosion.(=I felt that my heart was besting fast at the news of bomb explosion).知识点4：特殊转换1.【考查点】：动名词复合结构相当于从句(1).Sophia’s having seen them(=That Sophia had seen them) didn’t surprised us.(2).I can’t bear his (him) staying up so late(=that he stays up so late).(3).We encourage students’ living in the school(=that students live in the school).(4).What was disappointing was our not being able to go for a picnic (that we were not able to go for a picnic)..2.【考查点】：there+being+其他成分(1).There being nothing to do, we played games.(=Because there was nothing to do) (原因)(2).They closed the store, there being no customers.(=Because ther was no customers) (原因).四、例题精析【例题1】Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.A. enterB. to enterC. enteringD. entered【答案】B【解析】容易误选A。
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换非谓语动词和从句可以相互转换，那么如何将复合句改为简单句呢？首先，需要分清主从复合句，然后取消从句，一般要把引导从句的连词去掉。
例如，将"When he was waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"改为"Waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"。
其次，如果从句的谓语动词是主动式，就要把谓语动词改为现在分词；如果从句的谓语动词是被动式，就要把谓语动词改为过去分词，并且要注意时态的变化。
例如，将"After he had finished his homework。
he went home"改为"Having finished his homework。
he went home"。
另外，使用分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果主从句的主语不一致，在取消掉从句变为-ing或-ed形式时，要把从句的主语保留，其它部分和以前的改法一样。
例如，将"As it was hot。
we went swimming"改为"It being hot。
we went swimming"。
需要注意的是，在使用分词短语作状语时，它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
在很多情况下，它都表示一种伴随的动作或表示一种原因。
例如：1.If the weather allows。
I will go there.2.After the rain ped。
XXX.3.His XXX。
and he prepared to return to his institute.4.With so many comrades absent。
XXX.From the above examples。
we can see that the present participle (-ing) usually indicates an n that is happening at the same time as the main verb in the sentence。
动词的时态与非谓语动词的关联与宾语从句与同位语从句的异同
动词的时态与非谓语动词的关联与宾语从句与同位语从句的异同动词的时态是语法中的重要概念，它用于表达动作或状态的时间。
非谓语动词是指动词的非时态形式，包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
而宾语从句和同位语从句是由名词从句引导的从句结构，用来充当名词成分。
本文将探讨动词的时态与非谓语动词的关联以及宾语从句与同位语从句的异同之处。
一、动词的时态与非谓语动词的关联：动词的时态表示动作或状态发生的时间，主要包括一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。
非谓语动词则是动词的非时态形式，可以作为动词的宾语、主语、定语等。
在语法上，动词的时态和非谓语动词之间存在一定的关联。
1. 动词不定式：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
它可以表示目的、原因、结果、目标等。
动词不定式与时态之间存在一定的关联，可以通过时态的变化来表达不同的时间概念。
例如：- 一般现在时：She likes to play basketball.（她喜欢打篮球。
）- 一般过去时：He wanted to become a doctor when he was young.（他小时候想成为一名医生。
）- 一般将来时：They are going to visit their grandparents next week.（下周他们打算去看望他们的祖父母。
）2. 动名词：动名词是非谓语动词的一种形式，一般由动词的-ing形式构成。
它可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等。
与动词的时态关联，动名词通常没有明确的时态概念，而是通过上下文来确定动作发生的时间。
例如：- 一般现在时：Listening to music helps me relax.（听音乐帮助我放松。
）- 一般过去时：I enjoyed playing football when I was a child.（小时候我喜欢踢足球。
）- 一般将来时：She is considering going abroad for further study.（她正在考虑出国深造。
定语从句和非谓语动词
定语从句和非谓语动词定语从句和非谓语动词定语从句和非谓语动词一直是SAT/ACT语法，甚至是理解阅读文章中长难句的重点，也是困扰很多考生的难点之一。
下面是店铺收集整理的定语从句和非谓语动词的相关内容，希望对您有所帮助!定语从句和非谓语动词解析：熟悉非谓语动词的们应该都知道，非谓语动词包括to do, doing 和done，这三类动词的特别之处就在于它们可以在句子里面充当除谓语以外的任何成分，其中一个非常重要的用法就是位于名词后作为名词的后置定语，比如：The semiarid lands bordering the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.以上例句里的非谓语动词的短语“bordering the deserts”就是用作定语来修饰前面的`名词短语“the semiarid lands”。
很多同学很熟悉定语从句，而对非谓语动词的用法总是有种望而却步的感觉。
但是细心的同学肯定会发现，其实在语法家族里，当将非谓语动词用作后置定语的时候，它与定语从句的用法是一样的，两者是名副其实地长相不同，但却有血缘关系的“远房表亲”。
比如，上面的例子我们就可以改写成定语从句：The semiarid lands which border the deserts exist in a delicate ecological balance and are limited in their potential to adjust to increased environmental pressures.再如以下带有非谓语动词短语的句子：Theorist adopting the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understand human behavior, including aggression.我们可以改成定语从句：Theorist who adopt the psychodynamic approach hold that inner conflicts are crucial for understand human behavior, including aggression.又如，以下的两个句子的意思是相同的：1.What audience came to see was the magic made possible by trick photography and manipulation of the cinema.2.What audience came to see was the magic that was made possible by trick photography and manipulation of the cinema.在很多情况下，学生更容易理解定语从句。
非谓语动词与状语从句的转化
非谓语动词与状语从句的转化非谓语动词与状语从句的转化状语从句是同学们在初中就掌握的内容，现将非谓语动词与状语从句之间转换的规律作一归纳，帮助大家更好地掌握非谓语动词。
一、非谓语动词与时间状语从句间的转换。
1 .当主、从句的主语一致，主、从句的谓语动作同时或L乎同时发生时，且从句中谓语动词是主动语态，可用现在分词的一般式转换。
如：When they heard the news，they jumped with joy.Hearing the news，they jumped with joy.当他们听到这则消息时，高兴得跳了起来。
2 .当主、从句的主语一致，从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前或从句中谓语动词是完成时，可用现在分词的完成式转换。
如：After he(had)returned home，he began to work.Having returned home，he began to work.回到家以后，他开始工作。
3 .当主、从句主语一致时，由after，before，since，as soon as等引导的从句可分别用after/before/since/on加动名词短语转换。
如：Since I saw you last，I have been ill.Since seeing you last，I have been ill.自从我上次见你后，就一直在生病。
As soon as he heard this，he couldn’t help crying.On hearing this，he couldn’t help crying.他一听到这事，不禁哭了起来。
4 .当主、从句主语一致时，以when，while引导的从句，也可用when /while加现在分词短语转换。
如While we were walking along the river, we heard someone shouting.While walking along the river，we heard someone shouting当我们正沿着河走时,我们听到有人喊叫。
非谓语动词和从句的转换
3. v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导 的表语从句
Our worry is your depending too much on him.
Our worry is that you depend too much on him.
组成介词短语分词作状语分词做状语可以转换成其相对应的状语从句来表时间条件原因
非
非
谓
谓
语
语
动
动
词
词
与
与
从
从
句
句
间
间
的
的
转
转
换
换
一、什么叫做非谓语动词
在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为： 谓语动词和非谓语动词。 谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。 非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。
注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用， 构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。
To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.
We will study in the house facing south.
We will study in the house that / which faces south. The man talking to my teacher is my father.
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50.Building structures 52. Placing a forum
从句与分词转换规则： 2.主语不相同时，省连词；保留 从句主语，从句中有be省be，be 后是什么留什么；无be往往改为 ing形式；动作有先后关系要注意 用表先时性的having (been)done 形式。（此时称独立主格结构）
5. Chinese people were excitedon Watching the inspiring news when TV ,Chinese people were excited. TV. they watched the inspiring news on 6. The two Taikonauts completed several After entering orbit The two Taikonauts complex tasks after complex tasks. completed several they entered orbit. 7. After they had landed earth safely, Having landed on the on the earth they were warmly welcome. safely, they were warmly welcome. 8.After passing astronauts will receive 8. Some femaleseveral exams ,some female astronauts will receive strict strict training after they pass several training. exams.
试翻译(1.状语从句；2.分词从句)： 部队暴露在敌人面前，处境非常危险. ______________(expose) to their enemy, the troop is in great danger. When/As/If Exposed it is exposed As it is exposing Exposing itself itself As it exposed Being is being exposed When/As it has exposed itself Having exposed itself Having beenhas been exposed When/As it exposed
49 steps ①providing system to dispose of waste water ②50___________ to bring water to the city ③building roads to promote transportation ④designing and arranging financing for baths ⑤52___________to worship and conduct business
非谓语动词与从句的互换研究 （一）
师大附中熊进道
试翻译(1.状语从句；2.分词从句)： 部队暴露在敌人面前，处境非常危险. ______________(expose) to their enemy, the troop is in great danger. When/As/If Exposed it is exposed As it is exposing Exposing itself itself As it exposed Being is being exposed When/As it has exposed itself Having exposed itself Having beenhas been exposed When/As it exposed
3.We stood on the top of the hill and had a wonderful view of our city. Standing on the hill ,we had… 4.We should concentrate on our studies while we are at school, so we can equip ourselves with knowledge and learn about the world. Concentrating on our studies while we are at s, there are many broad roads which are lined with all kinds of trees. In our city, there are many broad roads, lined with all kinds of trees.
试比较： As John is a lawyer，he was able to do this job better.（借助原因连词，显 性关系）
Being ________ a lawyer，he was able to do this job better.（不借助原因连词， 隐性关系）
he found everybody gone. 时间或 Arriving there 原因 he will find everybody at 9:00， gone. 时间或 条件 he was still not in time for school. 让步
试翻译(1.分词从句；2.名词性从句)： 部队暴露在敌人面前，处境非常危险. ______________(expose) to their enemy greatly endangered the troop. That Exposing exposed itself the troop itself That the troop was exposing itself ThatBeing exposedexposed the troop was
练习： 1.If you work hard, you will catch up with Working hard, your classmates.
Not having finished my my homework, 2.Because I had not finishedhomework, I decided to stay in the classroom.
4. China’s first astronaut, yang Liwei, who was also very excited, spoke highly of this event.
年级培优翻译训练（二）： Each year thousands of books are punished, many of them to attract momentary attention only to disappear gradually from the shelves and the minds of readers — a few to remain in circulation as long as books are read.
从句与分词的关系 1.从句是高于简单句和并列句的语言表达 从句是高于简单句和并列句的语言表达 单位，但分词是更高级的语言表达单位， 单位，但分词是更高级的语言表达单位， 分词常常可以有替代从句的作用， 分词常常可以有替代从句的作用，所以分 词也可以叫分词从句. 词也可以叫分词从句 2.分词和从句可以依据一定的规则相互转 分词和从句可以依据一定的规则相互转 换。 3.其区别在于，主从复合句中的从句往往 其区别在于， 其区别在于 要用不同的连词（关联词）表明逻辑关系， 要用不同的连词（关联词）表明逻辑关系， 故为显性关系； 显性关系 故为显性关系；而分词却可以以一种形式 表达多种逻辑关系， 隐形关系 关系。 表达多种逻辑关系，为隐形关系。
After they reached the destination，they prepared for the celebration of their escape. After (their) reaching， ， Having reached， ，
从句与分词转换规则： 1.主语相同时，省从句主语，从 句中有be省be，be后是什么留什 么；无be往往改为ing形式；动作 有先后关系要注意用表先时性的 having (been) done形式。
If the weather permits， all the students in class four will go to countryside for sightseeing With the weather permitting __________________________， all the students in class four will go to countryside for sightseeing
又如：师大附中周考1 信息摘录题： They provided systems to dispose of waste water.They built structures to bring water …They built roads to promote transportation and communication. They designed and arranged …And they placed at the heart of the city ，a forum where Romans could gather to worship and conduct business.
The Shenzhou 6 was sent into space in October 2005 after all necessary preparations had been made All necessary preparations having _____________________________, been made, the Shenzhou 6 was sent into space in October 2005