非谓语动词和从句
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换
从句与非谓语动词之间的转换非谓语动词和从句可以相互转换，那么如何将复合句改为简单句呢？首先，需要分清主从复合句，然后取消从句，一般要把引导从句的连词去掉。
例如，将"When he was waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"改为"Waiting for the bus。
he saw a dog"。
其次，如果从句的谓语动词是主动式，就要把谓语动词改为现在分词；如果从句的谓语动词是被动式，就要把谓语动词改为过去分词，并且要注意时态的变化。
例如，将"After he had finished his homework。
he went home"改为"Having finished his homework。
he went home"。
另外，使用分词短语作状语时，它逻辑上的主语必须与句子的主语一致。
如果主从句的主语不一致，在取消掉从句变为-ing或-ed形式时，要把从句的主语保留，其它部分和以前的改法一样。
例如，将"As it was hot。
we went swimming"改为"It being hot。
we went swimming"。
需要注意的是，在使用分词短语作状语时，它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。
在很多情况下，它都表示一种伴随的动作或表示一种原因。
例如：1.If the weather allows。
I will go there.2.After the rain ped。
XXX.3.His XXX。
and he prepared to return to his institute.4.With so many comrades absent。
XXX.From the above examples。
we can see that the present participle (-ing) usually indicates an n that is happening at the same time as the main verb in the sentence。
（完整word版）非谓语动词和从句的转换
（完整word版）⾮谓语动词和从句的转换⾮谓语动词和从句的转换----⼀.不定式（短语）与从句的关系1.不定式（短语）在句中作主语，其功能相当于⼀个主语从句，因此⼆者之间可以转换。
(1).To be able to help you is really an honor.(=That I’m able to help you)(2).He seemed to know the way.(=It seemed that he knew the way.)(3).Bush is said to have decided to attack North Korea.(= It is said that Bush has decided to attack North Korea.)2.不定式（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补，相当于⼀个宾语从句(1).We still don’t know when and where to build a school.(宾语)(=when and where we should build a school)(2).I advised him to go and see the doctor.(宾补)(=that he should go and see)(3).He thought it a great pity not to have invited her. .(宾语)(=That he hadn’t invited her.)3不定式（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于⼀个表语从句(1).My suggestion is for them to leave as soon as possible.(=that they should leave)(2).My chief purpose has been for them to get a good understanding.(=that they can get a good understanding)4.不定式（短语）在句中作定语.，相当于⼀个定语从句(1).The question will be discussed at the conference shortly to open in Beijing.(=that is shortly to open in Beijing)(2).All dead, I was the only one to grow up. (=that grew up)5.不定式（短语）在句中作⽬的．结果状语.，相当于⼀个⽬的．结果状语从句(１).He came to the area in order/so as to study the folk music there.(=in order/so that)(2).The lady was so excited as not to say a word.(=so excited that she could n’t…)7.不定式（短语）在句中作原因状语.，相当于⼀个原因状语从句(１)I trembled to think of being punished by the boss.(=because I though of being punished by the boss) (2).We were disappointed to have lost the game.(=that we have lost the game)⼆．动名词（短语）与从句的关系1. 动名词（短语）在句中作主语，相当于⼀个主语从句(１).Your going away (=That you went away) made the professor angry.(2).Mary’s not being made monitor (=That Mary was not made monitor ) made us sad.被动的动名词在句中作主语时⼀般不能省(3).Being called a fool(=That he was called a fool) hurt Bob badly.2. 动名词（短语）在句中作宾语或宾补语，相当于⼀个宾语从句(1).I remember being taken to Beijing(=that I was taken to Beijing) when I was five.(2).He admitted having married Mary to a soldier(=that he had married Mary to a soldier).3.动名词（短语）在句中作表语.，相当于⼀个表语从句(1).My duty is serving the people heart and soul (that I’ll serve the people heart and soul).(2).The problem is his not having prepared his lessons for the exam(=that he hasn’t prepared his lessons for the exam)(3).The difficulty is Mary’s being caught between the two trees(=that Mary is caught between the two trees).4.介词＋动名词（短语），相当于⼀个从句(宾语从句或同位语从句 0(1）He was afraid of being scolded by his mistake.(=that he was…)(2).He was astonished at her knowing you.(=that she knew you)(3).We heard the news of our team having won.(=that our team had won)三．分词（短语）与从句的关系1.分词（短语）作定语，相当于⼀个定语从句(1）The hospital was an old building built in 1931(=that was built in 1931).(2).Do you know the girl standing over there(=who is standing over there)?(3).The man speaking to us the other day(= who spoke to us the other day) has gone to Japan.本节值得注意的问题：现在分词短语作定语时，所表⽰的动作不能先于谓语所表⽰的动作，也不可以表⽰将来。
非谓语动词与状语从句的转化
非谓语动词与状语从句的转化非谓语动词与状语从句的转化状语从句是同学们在初中就掌握的内容，现将非谓语动词与状语从句之间转换的规律作一归纳，帮助大家更好地掌握非谓语动词。
一、非谓语动词与时间状语从句间的转换。
1 .当主、从句的主语一致，主、从句的谓语动作同时或L乎同时发生时，且从句中谓语动词是主动语态，可用现在分词的一般式转换。
如：When they heard the news，they jumped with joy.Hearing the news，they jumped with joy.当他们听到这则消息时，高兴得跳了起来。
2 .当主、从句的主语一致，从句中的动作发生在主句的动作之前或从句中谓语动词是完成时，可用现在分词的完成式转换。
如：After he(had)returned home，he began to work.Having returned home，he began to work.回到家以后，他开始工作。
3 .当主、从句主语一致时，由after，before，since，as soon as等引导的从句可分别用after/before/since/on加动名词短语转换。
如：Since I saw you last，I have been ill.Since seeing you last，I have been ill.自从我上次见你后，就一直在生病。
As soon as he heard this，he couldn’t help crying.On hearing this，he couldn’t help crying.他一听到这事，不禁哭了起来。
4 .当主、从句主语一致时，以when，while引导的从句，也可用when /while加现在分词短语转换。
如While we were walking along the river, we heard someone shouting.While walking along the river，we heard someone shouting当我们正沿着河走时,我们听到有人喊叫。
非谓语动词和从句的转换
3. v-ing形式作表语可换成that引导 的表语从句
Our worry is your depending too much on him.
Our worry is that you depend too much on him.
组成介词短语分词作状语分词做状语可以转换成其相对应的状语从句来表时间条件原因
非
非
谓
谓
语
语
动
动
词
词
与
与
从
从
句
句
间
间
的
的
转
转
换
换
一、什么叫做非谓语动词
在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为： 谓语动词和非谓语动词。 谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。 非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。
注：表目的的不定式还常与so as或in order连用， 构成so as (not) to do和in order (not) to do 结构，其中so as (not) to do 不能用于句首。
To get there in time, we got up very early. = In order to get there in time, we got up very early. = We got up very early (in order/so as) to get there in time.
We will study in the house facing south.
We will study in the house that / which faces south. The man talking to my teacher is my father.
非谓语动词与从句
非谓语动词相关从句非谓语动词概述：非谓语动词与名词性从句非谓语动词与定语从句非谓语动词与状语从句There are some people insisting that they shouldn’t learn English.非谓语动词概述：动名词Ving；现在分词Ving; 过去分词ved; to do不定式分词短语从本质上而言：是由动词派生而来的形容词。
如，a sleeping baby, a used car, a frightening experience, a frightened child, etc.A baby who is sleeping.A car which is usedving形式由动词的主动形式派生而来；表示主动的动作或正在进行的动作Ved形式由动词的被动形式派生而来：表示被动的动作或已完成的动作The fallen leavesThe falling leavesThe custom fascinates me.The fascinating custom has been the subject of many books.The baby will sleep until eight.Try not to wake a sleeping baby.Some movies are rated X.Children shouldn’t see X-rated movies. My leg was broken in three places.My broken leg is healing slowly.The sinking ship= the ship that was sinking The sunken ship=the ship that has sunken. Falling leaves=Fallen leaves=现在分词的完成时态：表示分词的动作发生在主句谓语动词动作之前。
非谓语动词和从句的转换优秀课件
一、什么叫做非谓语动词
在英语中，动词按其在句子中的作用，可分为： 谓语动词和非谓语动词。 谓语动词就是可以单独直接在句子中做谓语的动词。 非谓语动词就是不能单独在句子中做谓语的动词。
二、非谓语动词的表现形式有：
不定式 （to do） 现在分词 （doing） 过去分词 （done） 动名词 （doing）
1. 时间状语：可改为时间状语从句，也可在分词前加上 连词“when , while , until”等，使其时间意义更 明确。(多置于句首，也可置于句末)
2. 原因状语：可改为原因状语从句或并列结构。(多置于 句首或句末，也可置于句中)
3. 条件状语：可加连词if , unless 等；也可换成条件 状语从句。(多置于句首)
If we weIrfegGgiivviveeennn more time , we could do it much better .
He was Wwarned of the danger, bhuet he still went skating on the ice.
但是,有些分词作状语是独立结构,不与句子的主语 产生联系;常见的有:judging from, generally
While waiting at the dentist’s, I read the whole of a short story. (=While I was waiting … ) Before being in the army, he was an engineer.
(= Before he was in the army, …) __H_av_in_g__fi_ni_sh_e_d__(finish) my work, I went to
非谓语动词和从句
有fionrisnhoetd, t必he须w用orwk.hether
He doesn’t know whether they will plant
注tr意ees:从on句S用atu正rd常ay的o陈r n述ot句. 语序.
主句是过去时， 从句是过去性质时态
妈妈在洗衣服的时候，爸爸在看报纸。
My mum _w_a_s_d_o_i_ng__s_o_m_e_w_a_s_h_i_ng____
_w__h_il_e_ dad _w_a_s_r_e_a_d_in_g__ne_w_s_p_a_p_e_rs.
他去上班时，一边开车一边听音乐。
He is listening to music w__hi_le__ he _is__d_r_iv_in_g__to__w.ork
Sb + be + adj. + to do sth
5. 制止这些捕杀很艰难. __I_t_ is hard _to__s_t_op___ the killing.
6.它们的水常常不宜饮用,因为我们给污染了.
Their water isn’t g_o_o__d__ _t_o__d_r_i_n_k___. because we’ve __m_a_d__e__ _i_t__ d__ir_t_y_. 7. 很多人决定不考虑这些. Many peopled_e_c_id_ e__n_o_t _tothink about it. 8. 很多动物无处生存.
tell sb (not) to do agree to do stop to do
即可用动名词，也可用动词不定式作宾语的：
停止正做的事情 stop doing sth 停止正做的事情去做另一件事 stop to do sth (还没做)记得要做某事 remember to do sth 记得做过某事（已经做）remember doing sth 忘记去做某事 forget to do sth 忘记做过某事 forget doing sth
非谓语动词&从句
非谓语动词非谓语动词（不能作谓语用）包括不定式、分词及动名词。
一、动词不定式1．常用形式：一般主动式to do, 一般被动式to be done完成主动式to have done, 完成被动式to have been done进行式to be doing不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：1）一般式：表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，或在谓语动作之后，或没有时间限制。
例如：They often watch us play table tennis.（与谓语动作同时）She hopes to go there again.（在谓语动作之后）It is necessary and important to read English every day.（无时间限制）The factory to make radios is over there.（无时间限制）m sorry to have kept you waiting.2）完成式：表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
如：I /She seems to have been a teacher for many years.3）进行式：表示正在发生的动作且与谓语动作同时发生。
例如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I come in.注:不定式的被动式：名词、代词为不定式的逻辑宾语时，一般用不定式被动式，例如：What is to be done is unknown. /The bridge to be bulit there is very long.不定式的否定式 not to do2．语法功能：可作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语（即除谓语之外的各种成分）。
例如：1）主语：To master a foreign language is very important.2）表语：My job is to drive them to the company every day.3）宾语：Do you want to visit the Great Wall?Can you give us some advice on what to do next?4）宾补：The teacher advised us to have a rest first.I didn’t notice them come in.注：see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等动词后作宾补的动词不定式不带to, 但变为被动语态以后（即不定式作主补时）要带to,其中let sb. do sth. 变为被动式为sb. is let do sth. help（帮助）后作宾补的动词不定式可带to，也可不带to. 即help sb.(to)do sth.5）不定式作定语：作后置定语,位于被修饰词后如：Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?He is the man to depend on/to believe in.不定式作定语,与被其修饰的词可构成逻辑上的以下关系:a.动宾关系 e.g. I have a lot of work to do.b.主谓关系 e.g. He is always the first to help me.c.其它关系(多为固定搭配) e.g. tell me a way to solve the problem.6）状语： in order toA．目的状语：She reads China Daily every day so as to improve her English.to注：in order to 可以位于句首或句中，so as to 不能位于句首。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
非谓语动词和从句1.非谓语动词谓语（狭义）：主要指动词，关于主语的情况，可表示动作，也可以表示状态，受主语的人称和数的限制。
Time flies.She doesn’t like the idea.You shouldn’t look down upon this kind of work.非谓语动词：在句中不能单独作谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。
它不受主语的人称和数的限制，但有语态（主动与被动）和时态（一般式；完成式；进行式）的变化；否定式一般将not 直接放在非谓语动词之前。
1.1动词不定式肯定形式： A 主动语态 B 被动语态一般式完成式进行式完成进行式否定形式：not/never to do1.1.1不定式有两种，即带to的不定式和不带to的不定式。
I’ve come to seek your advice.What you said made me think.大多数情况下，不定式都带to, 但在特殊情况下，动词不定式的to要省略。
1.1.2动词不定式的用法：主语（it作形式主语）：To cheat in exams is punishable.注意：此时，动词不定式常常放在句子后面，而用it 作形式主语。
It is punishable to cheat in exams.宾语：动词宾语：I hope to be back in a couple of days.介词宾语：They desire nothing but to go home.宾补：I want him to be my assistant.I ordered him not to enter this room without permission.表语：His wish was to be a skillful worker.定语：Do you have anything to say?状语：I was delighted to receive your letters. （原因）We started early to avoid being late. (目的)He grew up to be a famous scholar. (结果)You would make a big mistake to take his bribe. (条件)独立成分，用来修饰整个句子，句子状语。
To be honest, I don’t like him.常见短语如下：to tell/ speak/ say / confess the truth, to speak frankly/ sincerely/, to be frank/plain with you坦率说，老实说；To cut/ make a long story short, to sum up, to be briefGlad/ sad/ sorry/ needless/ strange to sayTo begin/ start with1.1.3 不定式短语疑问词+动词不定式：where/who/ what/when/ how/ why/which + to do.作用：主语：how to stop pollution is a big problem.宾语：I really don’t know what to say before you.表语：the question is how to handle this dilemma.For+名、代词+动词不定式：这里，借助for引导出不定式的逻辑主语。
Here are some books for you to read on the way.It’s not right for people to marry for money.This is the way for us to follow.It is adj of sb to do sh.只用当做表语的形容词修饰人时，表示人本身具有的品格、特征、性质，我们采用of引导。
It is very kind of you to help me so much. = you are kind to help me so much.1.1.3动词不定式to 的省略感官动词(feel, see, watch, hear, etc), 使役动词(make, let, have)，半省略词help. 但在被动语态中，省略的to应该补充完整。
I heard him speak in the next room.He was heard to speak in the next room.常用结构：had better, would rather, cannot but = can do nothingbut=have nothing to do but (只好)，why do/ not?当主语成分中含有动词do的形式时，作表语的不定式可以省略to.All you need to do is press the button.1.1.4动词不定式的时态和语态She left the city, never to be seen again.The book is said to have been translated into many languages.1.1.5不定式的主动语态表示被动意思(动宾关系)I have no chair to sit on.A black tie was the proper thing to wear.1.2 动名词否定形式：直接在前面加not.1.2.1 用法：主语：my sister’s being ill makes me worried.宾语：we are looking forward to hearing from you.表语：Her job is washing clothes.同位语：This is my recreation, reading novels.定语：a walking stick, a sleeping car.My father doesn’t like being invited to make a speech.I don’t mind having been written like that.1.2.3 在下列词中，主动形式的动名词表示被动意义：want, need, require, deserve, be worth.His car needs repairing.He deserves hanging.1.2.4 包含动名词的习惯用语There is no doing…Feel like doing…On/ upon doing…No doing!What do you say to doingIt is no use/ there is no use doing…Can’t help/ resist/ avoid/ keep from doing …Far from doing, 若是形容词，可以直接用.Have difficulty in doing…1.3分词1.3.1 现在分词1.3.2 用法：定语：a gentleman standing over there表语：the book is quite interesting. (多表示主语的特征)宾补：I found him lying on the bed.状语：hearing the news, they all danced for joy(表时间).备注：现在分词作状语时，逻辑主语与句子主语应该一致。
1.3.3 独立结构，当现在分词有了自己的逻辑主语。
The day being fine, we decided to go swimming.We explored the caves, Peter acting as a guide.1.3.4 句子状语, 修饰整个句子，说明说话人的看法,也叫独立成分。
Strictly speaking, that school is not very old.Judging by his words, I think she is fit for the post.1.3.5 过去分词done,否定形式直接在其前面加not。
用法：表语：I am awfully worried.定语：give a satisfied smile宾补：keep your mouth shut and eyes open.状语：seen from the mountain, the city is magnificent.2．区别：过去分词和现在分词：语态上： a moving film, a moved audience.时间上：the changing world, the changed world.动名词和现在分词：作定语时，现分体现了逻辑主语与动词的主动关系，动名体现了被修饰词的性质和用途：A sleeping car/ a sleep child.动名词和不定式：不定式强调尚未发生，动名词暗示已经存在：My father is a millionaire, but having a lot of money does not solve all the problems.To have a lot of money is my father’s dream.不定式表示具体、特定的情况，动名词表示一般、普遍情况；I prefer walking to driving.I prefer to walk tonight, for I have had too much.跟动名词与不定式时，意义有差别的情况：Remember, forget, regret, try, go on, stop, mean.3 with/ without +复合宾语：With the boy to lead the way, we’ll find the cave easily. (条件)Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.The boy was crying with the toy broken.2.从句句子分为简单句（只有一个主谓结构）、并列句（两个或多个互不依存的主谓结构）和复合句（一个或多个成分由从句来担任）。
从句，某些成分由类似句子的主谓结构来担任。
随着从句在句子中的作用，可以分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句、状语从句。