辽宁省普兰店市第一中学2018年10月2018～2019学年度高一第一学期期中考试数学试题及参考答案教师专用
2018-2019学年辽宁省普兰店市第一中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题
2018-2019学年辽宁省普兰店市第一中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题时间：100分钟满分：120分范围：必修一；M1~M5(新题型加续写)注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题；每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
AIf you don't use a dictionary．What should you do instead？The first thing you can do is trying to guess what the word means．Often the surrounding context gives a very clear idea of the meaning of the word．Even if you can't work out the meaning exactly，you may be able to get a vague idea，enough to enable you to continue reading．Sometimes it is impossible to guess the meaning of a word from the context and then you will have to decide whether the word is important enough to make it worthwhile stopping and looking it up in a dictionary or whether you can just pass it by．Many times in your reading，you will come across words which you don't know，but which do not prevent you from understanding all the main points of the text．You can make your dictionary used much more efficiently if you only look up the words which are necessary to understand the text and this means that you must develop the skill to decide whether the words are worth looking up．21. What does the underlined word "vague" mean？A．mysterious．B．not clear．C．exact．D．important．22. In our reading some words we don't knowA．help us to understand the surrounding context wellB．don't prevent us understanding the main points of the textC．will be remembered foreverD．are borrowed from other languages23. In this passag e the writerA．advised us to use the dictionary as much as possibleB．told us not to be discouraged when we use a dictionary in our English study．C．gave us some advice on how to deal with these unknown wordsD．introduced some ways to take notes in the course of reading．BHave you ever thought of quitting your job when you feel exhausted? Maybe most of you would say ―yes‖. After a particularly busy period at work, I decided to get away from it all by going on a hike in the mountains in southern France.Before I left, I read an interesting story in a magazine. It rea d, ―Once, while I was riding on a crowded bus, the man sitting next to me threw his cell phone out of the window when his phone rang. I was surprised. He looked at me, shrugged (耸耸肩) and looked away. I had no idea whether it was his or stolen or whether he even knew what a cell phone was or not, but he clearly wanted to be free of it, because it clearly troubled him. ‖Billions of people across the world use cell phones. Though cell phones are a wonderful way for communication, they often do t he exact opposite. Using cell phones can increase stress within families and friends.So when I recently returned home, I got rid of my cell phone. Now I go outside without taking my phone wi th me. I’ve noticed things in my neighborhood I never noticed before, such as gardens. I’ve met new people, started conversations with neighbors I didn’t speak to before and talked with some of my friends face to face instead of chatting over the phone.Instead of keeping me off from the world, stopping using my cell p hone has helped me get even closer to my family and friends.24. According to the story, the man on the bus threw away his cell phone because ______.A. it didn’t work properlyB. it was stolen from someone elseC. he didn’t like the phone’s styleD. he didn’t want to be bothered by it25. We can learn from the passage that cell phones ______.A. are too expensive for many peopleB. are of no use to the authorC. can also get people into troubleD. can make life more interesting26. What can we learn about the author?A. He wan ts t o own a garden now.B. He always chatted with his neighbors.C. He used to take his cell phone when going outside.D. He once threw away his cell phone.27. The main purpose of the passage is to ______.A. tell us not to let cell phones control our livesB. encourage others to hike with him in FranceC. share his experiences in France with usD. teach us how to get along with neighborsCAlexis, 17, sat quietly in the passenger seat of her dad’s car. She let her eyes lazily scan, the landscape for wildlife. Then a deer came into view about 200 yards in front of them. ―Dad, there’s a deer there!‖ Alexis said. It w as a male deer with sharp antlers(角) on each side of its head.As the car moved closer, Alexis saw that the deer’s head was bent toward the ground. Then she heard a scream and saw an arm fly up near the deer’s head. Alexis realized the deer was attacking a woman. Sue, a 44-year-old mother, had been out for her morning run. The deer followed her and edged closer. ―I knew I was in trouble,‖ Sue says. She went to pick up a stick for self-defense, and the deer charged. It lifted her with its antlers and threw her into the air. Sue could feel blood flew down her leg. Within seconds, the deer had pushed her off the road.When Alexis and her father pulled up, the deer was throwing Sue like a doll. Alexis looked into the woman’s terrified eyes, and before her father had even stopped the car, the teenager jumped quickl y out of the car and ran toward the deer. ―I was kicking it to get its attention,‖ she says. Then her father, who had followed his daughter, pushed the deer away from the women.Alexis helped Sue i nto the car, and then applied a piece of cloth to Sue’s injured leg. ―We’re going to get you to a hospital,‖ Alexis said. Then she heard her father shout loudly. He had been knocked to the ground. Alexis took hold of a hammer from the car and ran to where her father lay on his back. She beat the deer’s head and neck, but the blows didn’t scare it away. ―I was losing faith,‖ she says. ―A couple more strikes, Alexis,‖ said her father. ―You can do it.‖ Turning the hammer around, Alexis closed her eyes and beat the deer’s neck with all her strength. When she opened her eyes, the deer was running away. Alexis got in the driver’s seat and sped toward the nearest hospital.After Sue was treated, she tearfully thanked her rescuers. ―You expect a teenage girl to get on the phone and call for help,‖ she says, ―not to beat up a deer.‖28．What was Sue doing when she was attacked by the deer?A．She was driving home. B．She was resting on the road.C．She was taking exercise. D．She was feeding wild animals.29．The underlined word ―edged‖ in paragraph 2 probably means _________.A．changed B．moved C．attacked D．cut30．What did Alexis do to save Sue?A．She pushed the deer away.B．She hit the deer with her feet.C．She drove the car to hit the deer.D．She beat the deer with a hammer.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
辽宁省普兰店市第一中学2019届高三上学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)
2018—2019学年度上学期月考试卷高三英语范围：高考范围第一部分听力（略）第二部分阅读理解（共两节, 满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
AYou probably know who Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton is, but you may not have heard of Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell if you are not interested in foreign literature. Of the outstanding ladies listed below, who is your favorite?Jane Austen (16 December, 1775-18 July, 1817)Jane Austen, a famous English writer, was born at Steventon, Hampshire. She began writing early in life, although the prejudices (偏见) of her times forced her to have her books published anonymously (匿名).She wrote many books of romantic fiction about the gentry (贵族). Her works made her one of the great masters of the English novel. Only four of her novels were printed while she was alive. They were Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) and Emma(1815).Charlotte Bronte (21 April, 1816-31 March, 1855)She first published her works, including Jane Eyre, under the false name of Currer Bell. Her first novel, The Professor, was rejected by many publishers. It was not printed until 1857. She is famous for her novel Jane Eyre (1847), which was very popular when it was printed. Jane Eyre was a strong story of a plain, brave, clever woman struggling with her passions, reasons, and social condition.Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell (8 November, 1900-16 August, 1949)She was an American author and journalist, a lifelong resident and native of Atlanta, Georgia. One novel by Mitchell was published during her lifetime, the American Civil-War-Era novel, Gone with the Wind, for which she won the National Book Award for Most Distinguished Novel of 1936 and the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1937. In more recent years, a collection of Mitche ll’s girlhood writings and a novel she wrote as a teenager, Lost Laysen, have been published. A collection of articles written by Mitchell for The Atlanta Journal was republished in book form.21. Why did Jane Austen publish her books with a false name?A. She lacked confidence.B. She was not well educated.C. Women were discriminated.D. Women were well protected.22. Which novel was set in the background of war?A. Sense and Sensibility.B. Gone with the Wind.C. Lost Laysen.D. The Professor.23. Who won the most prizes for her works?A. Margaret Munnerlyn Mitchell.B. Charlotte Bronte.C. Hillary Diane Rodham Clinton.D. Jane Austen.24. What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?A. They were all fond of poetry.B. They all died in their forties.C. Their works were once rejected.D. They are famous for their great works.BUS scientists say they have poured cold water on the theory that washing hands with hot water kills more germs (细菌) than unheated water. The small study of 20 people found using water at 15C (59F) left hands as clean as water heated to 38C (100F).National Health Service (NHS) recommends that people wash their hands in either cold or warm water. In this study, scientists at Rutgers University-New Brunswick wanted to find out if popular assumptions about the benefits of warm or hot water and official guidance on hot water —given to the food industry in the US - held true. They asked 20 people to wash their hands 20 times each day with water that was 15C (59F), 26C (79F) or 38 degrees (100F). Volunteers were also asked to experiment with varying amounts of soap. Before they started the tests, their hands were covered in harmless bugs. Researchers say there was no difference in the amount of bugs removed as the temperature of the water or the amount of soap changed.Prof Donald Schaffner said: “People need to feel comfortable when they are washing their hands but as far as effectiveness goes, this study shows us that the temperature of the water used did not matter.”However, the researchers accept their study is small and say more extensive work is needed to determine the best ways to remove harmful bacteria.In the UK, NHS experts say people can use cold or hot water to wash their hands. They say hands should be washed for at least 20 seconds and stress the importance of using enough soap to cover the whole surface of the hands. Their guidance focuses on rubbing hands together in various ways to make sure each surface of each hand is clean.25. What does the underlined phrase “poured cold water” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A. Proved.B. Created.C. Contradicted.D. Accepted.26. After they washed their hands with either hot or cold water,_______.A. volunteers nearly had the same amount of germ removedB. volunteers all talked about American food industryC. volunteers still had much germ on their handsD. volunteers all didn’t feel very comfortable27. How do researchers feel about their study?A. It is popular.B. It is incomplete.C. It is convincing.D. It is abstract.28. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Using Cold Water Instead of Hot WaterB. How to Use Cold Water to Wash HandsC. It Is Better to Wash Hands in Cold WaterD. Washing Hands in Cold Water as Good as in Hot WaterCSome people would argue that life experience is important for being a motivational speaker, but an 11-year-old kid from Pakistan is proving that all you really need is an inspirational speech and confidence.At just 11 years of age, Hammad Safi has accomplished what most of us won’t be able to do in a lifetime. He is the youngest motivational speaker in Pakistan, and probably the world, a free writer, TV anchor and a lecturer at a University , where he teaches students twice his age. He has been referred to as a “super kid”, a “child extraordinaire”, “motivational guru” and even “the little genius of Pakistan”.“He is not an ordinary child. I have seen abilities in him. That’s why I have appointed special teachers for him,” Safi’s father, Abdul Rehman Khan, said, “I want him to become a special leader. I’m very proud… For his abilities, for his intelligence.Abdul’s description may seem exaggerated (夸张的）– he is Ha mmad’s father after all – but the boy is indeed capable beyond his years. How many 11-year-olds do you know that can command the attention of thousands of adults while speaking on serious topics like success, life challenges or responsibility? Hammad can, and he does it with ease, relying on his great charm, practiced hand gestures and a confidence that attracts his audiences greatly.“A few months ago I was really disappointed with life… I was thinking about suicide, because there are no jobs and no succes s in life,” a student said, “Then I saw a movie of Hammad Safi. I thought if an 11-year-old child can do anything, why can’t I?”That is what makes Safi so special, his power to get his message across and inspire people much older than him.Many in Pakista n are astonished by Hammad’s self-confidence and his ability to lecture on important subjects, but there are also those who believe that this role is depriving the boy of his childhood.29. Which statement about Hammad Safi is not correct?A. His audience is much older than he is.B. He is the youngest motivational speaker in the world.C. People in Pakistan think highly of Hammad Safi.D. His father is also proud of him very much.30. What can’t you learn from Hammad Safi’s speech?A. We can realize the importance of responsibility.B. We can get confidence to deal with life challenges.C. We can remember the happy memory of childhood.D. We can understand the relationship between confidence and success.31. What does the underlined word “depriving” in the last paragraph mean?A. To guarantee that somehing will happen.B. To make somebody imagine.C. To take away something by force.D. To give up something all by oneself.32. What is the main idea of the passage?A. It introduces a very famous speaker.B. It tells that people in Pakistan are living without motivation.C. It tells us how to give people confidence.D. It introduces a young motivational speaker.DYou know the feeling-you have left your phone at home and feel anxious, as if you have lost your c onnection to the world. “Nomophobia”(无手机恐惧症) affects teenagers and adults alike. You can even do an online test to see if you have it. Last week, researchers from Hong Kong warned that nomophobia is infecting everyone. Their study found that people who use their phones to store, share and access personal memories suffer most. When users were asked to describe how they felt about their phones, words such as “hurt” (neck pain was often reported) and “alone” predicted higher levels of nomophobia.“The findings of our study suggest that users regard smartphones as their extended selves and get attached to the devices,” said Dr. Kim Ki Joon. “People experience feelings of anxiety and unpleasantness when separated from their phones.” Meanwhile, an American study s hows that smartphone separation can lead to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure.So can being without your phone really give you separation anxiety? Professor Mark Griffiths, psychologist and director of the International Gaming Research Unit at Nottingham Trent University, says it is what is on the phone that counts-the social networking that creates Fomo (fear of missingout).“We are talking about an internet-connected device that allows people to deal with lots of aspects of their lives,” says Griffiths. “You would have to surgically remove a phone from a teenager because their whole life is rooted in this device.”Griffiths thinks attachment theory, where we develop emotional dependency on the phone because it holds details of our lives, is a s mall part of nomophobia. For “screenagers”, it is Fomo that creates the most separation anxiety. If they can’t see what’s happening on Snapchat or Instagram, they become panic-stricken about not knowing what’s going on socially. “But they adapt very quickl y if you take them on holiday and there’s no Internet,” says Griffiths.33. Which of the following may Dr. Kim Ki Joon agree with?A. We waste too much time on phones.B. Phones have become part of some users.C. Addiction to phones makes memories suffer.D. Phones and blood pressure are closely linked.34. According to Giffiths, we get nomophobia because_________.A. we are accustomed to having a phone on usB. we need our phones to help us store informationC. we worry we may miss out what our friends are doingD. we fear without phones we will run into a lot of trouble35. Where can you probably find the above passage?A. In a research report.B. In a fashion brochure.C. In a science textbook.D. In a popular science magazine.第二节：（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
2018-2019学年辽宁省普兰店市第一中学高一上学期期中考试物理试题
2018-2019学年辽宁省普兰店市第一中学高一上学期期中考试物理试题时间：90分钟满分：100分范围：必修一前三章一、选择题。
本题12小题，每题4分，共48分。
1～8题单选，9～12题多选，全部选对得4分，部分选对得2分，有错选或不选不得分。
1. 在电视连续剧《西游记》中，常有孙悟空“腾云驾雾”的镜头，如图所示，通常是采用“背景拍摄法”：让“孙悟空”站在平台上，做着飞行的动作，在他的背后展现出蓝天和急速飘动的白云，同时加上烟雾效果；摄影师把人物动作和飘动的白云及下面的烟雾等一起摄入镜头.放映时，观众就感觉到“孙悟空”在“腾云驾雾”.这时，观众所选的参考系是( )A. 飘动的白云B. 平台C. 孙悟空D. 镜头2. 下列说法中正确的是( )A . 体积很小的点为研究方便又称之为质点B . 第一节课是七点四十这是时间C . 单向直线运动时的位移就是路程D . 瞬时速度的大小通常叫速率3. 汽车以大小为20 m/s的速度做匀速直线运动．刹车后获得的加速度的大小为5 m/s2，那么刹车后2 s内与刹车后6 s内汽车通过的位移之比为()A. 1∶1B. 3∶1C. 4∶3D. 3∶44. 运动质点从原点出发，沿x轴做直线运动，各时刻的位置和瞬时速度如表所列。
则下列说法正确是：( )A. 质点运动是匀速直线运动B. 质点运动是匀加速直线运动C. 质点在第3s内的平均速度是2m/sD. 质点在第2.5s末的速度是2.5m/s5. 如图所示，某小孩沿滑梯下滑。
在下滑的过程中，小孩受到几个力的作用( )A．受到重力、下滑力与支持力的作用B．受到重力、下滑力与摩擦力的作用C．受到重力、支持力和摩擦力的作用D．受到重力、下滑力、支持力和摩擦力的作用6．屋檐隔一定时间滴下一滴水，当第5滴正欲滴下时，第1滴刚好落到地面，而第3滴与第2滴分别位于高1m的窗子的上、下沿，如图所示，g 取10m/s2，则此屋檐离地面的距离为：（）A．3.2mB．3.0mC．2.5mD．2.2m7. 下图为节日里悬挂灯笼的一种方式，A、B点等高，O为结点，轻绳AO、BO长度相等，拉力分别为F A、F B，灯笼受到的重力为G。
辽宁省普兰店市第一中学2018-2019学年高一上学期期中考试数学试题(精品解析版)
辽宁省普兰店市第一中学2018-2019学年高一上学期期中考试数学试题一．选择题：（本大题共12小题，每小题5分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的.）1.已知集合，，则=（）A. {-1,0}B. {0,1}C. {-1,0,1}D. {0,1,2}【答案】A【解析】【分析】解出集合B的元素，再由集合的交集的概念得到结果即可.【详解】=,,则={-1,0}故答案为：A .【点睛】高考对集合知识的考查要求较低，均是以小题的形式进行考查，一般难度不大，要求考生熟练掌握与集合有关的基础知识．纵观近几年的高考试题，主要考查以下两个方面：一是考查具体集合的关系判断和集合的运算．解决这类问题的关键在于正确理解集合中元素所具有属性的含义，弄清集合中元素所具有的形式以及集合中含有哪些元素．二是考查抽象集合的关系判断以及运算．2.下列函数中，在区间上为增函数的是A. B. C. D.【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据已知函数的规律得到函数的增减性，即可.【详解】为减函数，B. 为减函数，C. 在上是增函数，D. 在所给区间内是减函数。
故答案为：C.【点睛】本题考查了函数的单调性判断，函数的单调性，一般小题直接判断函数在所给区间内是否连续，接着再判断当x变大时y的变化趋势，从而得到单调性.3.若函数f对于任意实数x总有且f在区间上是减函数，则（）A. B.C. D.【答案】B【解析】【分析】f（﹣x）=f（x）可得f（x）为偶函数，结合f（x）在区间（﹣∞，1]上是减函数，即可作出判断【详解】∵f（﹣x）=f（x），∴f（x）为偶函数，又f（x）在区间（﹣∞，﹣1]上是减函数，f（2）=f（﹣2），﹣2＜﹣＜﹣1，∴f（﹣1）＜f（﹣）＜f（2）．故选：B．【点睛】本题考查函数的奇偶性与单调性，关键在于根据其奇偶性将要比较的数转化到共同的单调区间上，利用单调性予以解决，属于基础题4.若，则下列不等式中不成立的是A. B. C. D.【答案】B【解析】试题分析：由不等式的性质可得，，成立，假设成立，则由与已知矛盾，故选B考点：不等式的性质5.已知函数，若，则的值是（）．A. B. C. D. 【答案】C【解析】【分析】根据，可分情况讨论当a>0，和当时，分情况讨论即可.【详解】已知，当时，解得a=-3,满足题意；当a>0时，-2a=10,解得a=-5,舍去；故a=-3.故答案为：C.【点睛】求分段函数的函数值，要先确定要求值的自变量属于哪一段区间，然后代入该段的解析式求值，当出现的形式时，应从内到外依次求值;求某条件下自变量的值，先假设所求的值在分段函数定义区间的各段上，然后求出相应自变量的值，切记代入检验，看所求的自变量的值是否满足相应段自变量的取值范围.6.不等式的解集是（）A. B.C. D.【答案】B【解析】，即，解得或，即不等式的解集是，故选B.7.下列命题中，真命题的是（）A. B.C. D. 对恒成立【答案】D【解析】【分析】A，举出反例即可；B，可判断原方程无解，即可得到B错误；C，，解得a<0或a>1，可判断出命题错误，D，举出a的值即可.【详解】，错误，当x=0.2时，不满足；B.方程的判别式小于0，故方程无解，故B错误；C，，解得a<0或a>1,故C不正确；D令a>1，即可满足条件，对任意的x均有成立，故正确。
辽宁省普兰店市第一中学2018_2019学年高一历史上学期期中试题(含解析)
2018—2019学年度上学期期中考试高一历史时间：90分钟满分：100分范围：必修一：第1~4单元一、选择题：（30*2=60分）1.“周幽王烽火戏诸侯”、“孔子周游列国”，与“诸侯”、“列国”的产生相关的制度是A. 禅让制B. 世袭制C. 分封制D. 郡县制【答案】C【解析】试题解析：本题主要考查西周的政治制度。
“周幽王烽火戏诸侯”“孔子周游列国”与“诸侯”“列国”都与西周实行分封制有关。
周天子把土地和平民、奴隶，分给亲属、功臣等，封他们为诸侯，诸侯要孝忠周天子，材料中的制度是分封制，C项正确，ABD三项均排除。
故选C。
2.王国维在《殷周制度论》中指出：“周人制度之大异于商者，一曰立子立嫡之制……二曰庙数之制，三曰同姓不婚之制。
”其中“立子立嫡之制”是指A. 禅让制B. 宗法制C. 分封制D. 礼乐制【答案】B【解析】宗法制是按照血缘关系继承王位的原则，最大特点是嫡长子继承制，故B项正确；A是原始社会首领承袭制度，A错误；C是西周时期政治制度，和宗法制互为表里，C错误；礼乐制是配合分封制的礼仪制度，故Ｄ项错误。
点睛：西周时期的政治、经济与文化3.秦统一后，在全国范围内建立了强大的中央集权制度。
权力的高度集中，成为秦朝政治制度的基本特征。
权力高度集中的标志表现为：A. 中央实行三公九卿制B. 地方实行郡县制C. 从中央到地方建立一整套选拔及考核官吏的制度D. 皇权至上和皇位世袭【答案】D【解析】权力高度集中是指权力都集中于皇帝一人手中，即皇权是至上的并且皇位还是世袭的，选D 是符合题意的，正确；中央实行三公九卿制、地方实行郡县制属于权力集中，但并非权力高度集中的标志，所以选项A、B均不符合题意，排除；选拔及考核官吏的制度和权力高度集中无关联，选项C不符合题意，排除；故本题选D。
点睛：a.皇帝独尊:成为秦王朝政治制度的基本特征；b.皇位世袭:“家天下”的皇位继承制是君主权力集中的另一体现。
c.皇权至上:全国的政治、经济、军事等一切大权，都由皇帝总揽；中央和地方的主要官员也都由皇帝任免。
2018-2019学年辽宁省普兰店市第一中学高一上学期期中考试生物试题
2018-2019学年辽宁省普兰店市第一中学高一上学期期中考试生物试题时间：90分钟满分：100分范围：必修1第1-4章，第五章第一节一酶的作用和本质；一、单选题（每题2分，共60分）1．草履虫能进行运动和分裂，其完成各项生命活动的前提条件是（）A．细胞保持完整性 B.细胞具有遗传物质 C.细胞膜完整 D.细胞含有细胞核2．在实验中需要控制各种变量，其中人为改变的变量是( )A．因变量B．自变量C．无关变量D．控制变量3.下列四组生物中，都属于真核生物的一组是（）A.SARS病毒和蘑菇B.大肠杆菌和草履虫C.蓝藻和酵母菌D.衣藻和变形虫4.下列关于胆固醇的叙述，错误的是（）A.胆固醇在动物内脏、蛋黄等食物中含量丰富B.只要不摄入胆固醇,体内就不会有胆固醇C．胆固醇是构成细胞膜的重要成分D．老年人的血管内壁上容易造成胆固醇沉积5．关于细胞学说建立的过程，下列哪项说法错误（）A．细胞学说建立的过程是一个从宏观到微观的认识过程B．细胞学说建立的过程是从理性思维到感性认识的过程C．细胞学说在修正、发展的过程中前进D．显微镜是细胞学说建立过程中的重要工具6．以下能够表达碳原子与生物大分子之间关系的是（）A．碳原子→碳链→单体→多聚体B．碳原子→碳链→多聚体→单体C．碳原子→单体→多聚体→碳链D．碳原子→多聚体→单体→碳链7．由1分子磷酸、1分子碱基和1分子化合物a构成了化合物b，如图所示，则下列叙述正确的是（）A．若m为腺嘌呤，则b肯定为腺嘌呤脱氧核苷酸B．若a为核糖，b则为DNA的基本组成单位C．若m为尿嘧啶，则DNA中肯定不含b这种化合物D．若由b构成的核酸主要分布在细胞质中，则a必为脱氧核糖8．右图是用光学显微镜观察植物叶片表皮气孔时的几个操作步骤。
要把显微镜视野中的图像从右图中的甲转为乙，规范的操作步骤是（）①移动载玻片②调节光圈和反光镜③转动转换器④转动细准焦螺旋⑤转动粗准焦螺旋A．①③②④B．②③④①C．④③①⑤D．③②①⑤9．下列与细胞膜进行细胞间的信息交流功能无关．．的是（）A．内分泌细胞分泌激素到靶细胞B．精子与卵细胞之间的识别和结合C．胞间连丝D．水分在细胞间运输10．血红蛋白分子中含574 个氨基酸，4 条肽链。
辽宁省普兰店市第一中学2018-2019学年高一上学期期中考试历史试题
2018—2019学年度上学期期中考试高一历史时间：90分钟满分：100分范围：必修一：第1~4单元一、选择题：（30*2=60分）1.“周幽王烽火戏诸侯”、“孔子周游列国”，与“诸侯”、“列国”的产生相关的制度是A. 禅让制B. 世袭制C. 分封制D. 郡县制【答案】C【解析】试题解析：本题主要考查西周的政治制度。
“周幽王烽火戏诸侯”“孔子周游列国”与“诸侯”“列国”都与西周实行分封制有关。
周天子把土地和平民、奴隶，分给亲属、功臣等，封他们为诸侯，诸侯要孝忠周天子，材料中的制度是分封制，C项正确，ABD三项均排除。
故选C。
2.王国维在《殷周制度论》中指出：“周人制度之大异于商者，一曰立子立嫡之制……二曰庙数之制，三曰同姓不婚之制。
”其中“立子立嫡之制”是指A. 禅让制B. 宗法制C. 分封制D. 礼乐制【答案】B【解析】宗法制是按照血缘关系继承王位的原则，最大特点是嫡长子继承制，故B项正确；A是原始社会首领承袭制度，A错误；C是西周时期政治制度，和宗法制互为表里，C错误；礼乐制是配合分封制的礼仪制度，故Ｄ项错误。
点睛：西周时期的政治、经济与文化3.秦统一后，在全国范围内建立了强大的中央集权制度。
权力的高度集中，成为秦朝政治制度的基本特征。
权力高度集中的标志表现为：A. 中央实行三公九卿制B. 地方实行郡县制C. 从中央到地方建立一整套选拔及考核官吏的制度D. 皇权至上和皇位世袭【答案】D【解析】权力高度集中是指权力都集中于皇帝一人手中，即皇权是至上的并且皇位还是世袭的，选D 是符合题意的，正确；中央实行三公九卿制、地方实行郡县制属于权力集中，但并非权力高度集中的标志，所以选项A、B均不符合题意，排除；选拔及考核官吏的制度和权力高度集中无关联，选项C不符合题意，排除；故本题选D。
点睛：a.皇帝独尊:成为秦王朝政治制度的基本特征；b.皇位世袭:“家天下”的皇位继承制是君主权力集中的另一体现。
c.皇权至上:全国的政治、经济、军事等一切大权，都由皇帝总揽；中央和地方的主要官员也都由皇帝任免。
辽宁省大连市普兰店一中2018-2019学年高一上学期期中考试化学试题 Word版含答案
2018—2019学年度上学期月考高一化学时间：90分钟满分：100分范围：必修一1.2.3章可能用到的相对原子质量：H：1 C：12 N：14 O：16 Na：23 Si：28 S:32 Mg：24 Al：27 Fe：56 Zn:65 Cu：64第I卷（选择题共54分）一、选择题（本题包括 18小题，每小题3分，共54分。
每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1. 对于易燃、易爆、有毒的化学物质，往往会在其包装上面贴上危险警告标签。
下面所列物质，贴错了包装标签的是（）。
2.分类法在化学学科的发展中起到了非常重要的作用，下列分类标准合理的是（）。
A.将酸分为一元酸、二元酸等：分子组成中含有氢原子的数目B.强电解质与弱电解质：溶液的导电能力大小C.溶液与胶体：本质不同的原因是能否发生丁达尔现象D.氧化还原反应的本质：有电子转移3. 下列实验操作：①过滤；②取固体试剂；③蒸发；④取液体试剂；⑤溶解。
一定要用到玻璃棒的是（）。
A. ①③⑤B. ②③④C.①③④D. ③④⑤4．下列物质中既能导电，又属于强电解质的一组物质是（）A．醋酸溶液、食盐晶体B．熔融状态的KOH、熔融状态的NaCl C．NaOH溶液、纯HNO3 D．液氨、石灰水5．下列实验操作中正确的是（）A．用试管取出试剂瓶中的Na2CO3溶液，发现取量过多，为了不浪费，又把过量的试剂倒入试剂瓶中B．Ba(NO3)2溶于水，可将含有Ba(NO3)2的废液倒入水池中，再用水冲入下水道C．用蒸发方法使NaCl从溶液中析出时，应将蒸发皿中NaCl溶液全部蒸干才停止加热D．分液操作时，分液漏斗中下层液体从下口放出，上层液体从上口倒出6．用NA表示阿伏加德罗常数的值。
下列叙述正确的是（）A．1 mol OH−中含有电子数为10NAB．常温常压下，17 g氨气中所含原子数为NAC．标准状况下，11.2 L水中含有的分子数是0.5NAD．1 mol/L BaCl2溶液中含有的氯离子数为2NA7．有两种金属混合物3.4g，与足量的盐酸反应放出H22.24L（标况下），这两种金属可能是（）A．铜和铁B．镁和铝C．锌和铝D．锌和铁8. 下列反应必须加入氧化剂才能实现的是（）A.KMnO4→K2MnO4B．CH4→CO2 C．SO2→SO32－D．H2O2→O29. 某溶液中仅含有Na+、Mg2+、SO 42－、Cl－四种离子(不考虑水电离出的H+和O H－)，其中三种离子物质的量浓度之比为c(Na+)∶c(Mg2+)∶c(Cl－)=3∶5∶5。
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辽宁省普兰店市第一中学2018年10月2018～2019学年度高一第一学期期中考试数学试题一.选择题:(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.)1.已知集合,,则＝( )A. {－1,0}B. {0,1}C. {－1,0,1}D. {0,1,2}【试题参考答案】A【试题分析】解出集合B的元素,再由集合的交集的概念得到结果即可.【试题解答】＝,,则＝{－1,0} 故答案为:A .高考对集合知识的考查要求较低,均是以小题的形式进行考查,一般难度不大,要求考生熟练掌握与集合有关的基础知识.纵观近几年的高考试题,主要考查以下两个方面:一是考查具体集合的关系判断和集合的运算.解决这类问题的关键在于正确理解集合中元素所具有属性的含义,弄清集合中元素所具有的形式以及集合中含有哪些元素.二是考查抽象集合的关系判断以及运算.2.下列函数中,在区间上为增函数的是A. B. C. D.【试题参考答案】C【试题分析】根据已知函数的规律得到函数的增减性,即可.【试题解答】为减函数,B. 为减函数,C. 在上是增函数,D.在所给区间内是减函数。
故答案为:C.本题考查了函数的单调性判断,函数的单调性,一般小题直接判断函数在所给区间内是否连续,接着再判断当x变大时y的变化趋势,从而得到单调性.3.若函数f对于任意实数x总有且f在区间上是减函数,则( )A. B.C. D.【试题参考答案】B【试题分析】f(﹣x)＝f(x)可得f(x)为偶函数,结合f(x)在区间(﹣∞,1]上是减函数,即可作出判断【试题解答】∵f(﹣x)＝f(x),∴f(x)为偶函数,又f(x)在区间(﹣∞,﹣1]上是减函数,f(2)＝f(﹣2),﹣2＜﹣＜﹣1,∴f(﹣1)＜f(﹣)＜f(2).故选:B.本题考查函数的奇偶性与单调性,关键在于根据其奇偶性将要比较的数转化到共同的单调区间上,利用单调性予以解决,属于基础题4.若,则下列不等式中不成立的是A. B. C. D.【试题参考答案】B特殊值法,令5.已知函数,若,则的值是( ).A. B. C. D.【试题参考答案】C【试题分析】根据,可分情况讨论当a>0,和当时,分情况讨论即可.【试题解答】已知,当时,解得a＝－3,满足题意;当a>0时,－2a＝10,解得a＝－5,舍去;故a＝－3.故答案为:C.求分段函数的函数值,要先确定要求值的自变量属于哪一段区间,然后代入该段的解析式求值,当出现的形式时,应从内到外依次求值;求某条件下自变量的值,先假设所求的值在分段函数定义区间的各段上,然后求出相应自变量的值,切记代入检验,看所求的自变量的值是否满足相应段自变量的取值范围.6.不等式的解集是( )A. B.C. D.【试题参考答案】B,即,解得或,即不等式的解集是,故选B.7.下列命题中,真命题的是( )A. B.C. D. 对恒成立【试题参考答案】D【试题分析】A,举出反例即可;B,可判断原方程无解,即可得到B错误;C,,解得a<0或a>1,可判断出命题错误,D,举出a的值即可.【试题解答】,错误,当x＝0.2时,不满足;B.方程的判别式小于0,故方程无解,故B错误;C,,解得a<0或a>1,故C不正确;D 令a>1,即可满足条件,对任意的x均有成立,故正确。
故答案为:D.要判定特称命题“”是真命题,只需在集合中找到一个元素,使成立即可;如果在集合中,使成立的元素不存在,那么这个特称命题是假命题.判断特称命题的真假时,一定要结合生活和数学中的丰富实例,通过相关的数学知识进行判断.8.“”是“”的( )A. 充要条件B. 必要不充分条件C. 充分不必要条件D. 既不必要也不充分条件【试题参考答案】C的充要条件为或,所以是的充分不必要条件。
故选C。
9.函数的最小值是( )A. 2＋2B. 2－2C. 2D. 2【试题参考答案】A【试题分析】先将函数变形可得y＝＝(x﹣1)＋＋2,再利用基本不等式可得结论.【试题解答】y＝＝(x﹣1)＋＋2∵x＞1,∴x﹣1＞0∴(x﹣1)＋≥2(当且仅当x＝＋1时,取等号)∴y＝≥2＋2故选:A.本题考查函数的最值,考查基本不等式的运用,属于中档题.在利用基本不等式求最值时,要特别注意“拆、拼、凑”等技巧,使其满足基本不等式中“正”(即条件要求中字母为正数)、“定”(不等式的另一边必须为定值)、“等”(等号取得的条件)的条件才能应用,否则会出现错误.10. 如图中的图象所表示的函数的解析式为( )A.B.C.D.【试题参考答案】B【试题分析】分段求解:分别把0≤x≤1及1≤x≤2时的解析式求出即可.【试题解答】当0≤x≤1时,设f(x)＝kx,由图象过点(1,),得k＝,所以此时f(x)＝x;当1≤x≤2时,设f(x)＝mx＋n,由图象过点(1,),(2,0),得,解得所以此时f(x)＝.函数表达式可转化为:y＝|x－1|(0≤x≤2)故答案为:B本题考查函数解析式的求解问题,本题根据图象可知该函数为分段函数,分两段用待定系数法求得.11.下列命题中正确的是 ( )A. 函数的最小值为B. 设集合,则的取值范围是C. 在直角坐标系中,点在第四象限的充要条件是或D. 若集合,则集合的子集个数为7【试题参考答案】C【试题分析】A根据均值不等式得到最值;B,根据题干条件得到;C,点位于第二象限即;D集合化为子集个数为:8个.【试题解答】A,函数＝,最大值为,故A不正确;B,集合,则,故B不正确;C. 在直角坐标系中,点在第四象限的充要条件是,故C正确;D. 集合＝子集个数为:8个.故答案为:C。
这个题目考查的是命题真假的判断,用到均值不等式求最值,集合的并集运算,点所在象限和坐标的特点的关系,以及集合子集个数的判断. 在利用基本不等式求最值时,要特别注意“拆、拼、凑”等技巧,使其满足基本不等式中“正”(即条件要求中字母为正数)、“定”(不等式的另一边必须为定值)、“等”(等号取得的条件)的条件才能应用,否则会出现错误.12.已知定义在上的函数的图像经过点,且在区间单调递减,又知函数为偶函数,则关于的不等式的解为 ( )A. B. C. D.【试题参考答案】D【试题分析】由题意可得f(3)＝0,f(﹣x＋2)＝f(x＋2),即函数f(x)关于直线x＝2对称,f(x)在(﹣∞,2]单调递增,且f(1)＝f(3)＝0,可得1＜x＋1＜3,解不等式即可得到所求解集.【试题解答】定义在R上的函数f(x)的图象经过点M(3,0),可得f(3)＝0,f(x)在区间[2,＋∞)单调递减,又知函数f(x＋2)为偶函数,可得f(﹣x＋2)＝f(x＋2),即函数f(x)关于直线x＝2对称,f(x)在(﹣∞,2]单调递增,且f(1)＝f(3)＝0,由f(x＋1)＞0,可得1＜x＋1＜3,解得0＜x＜2,即解集为(0,2),故选:D.本题考查函数的奇偶性、单调性和对称性的应用,注意定义法的应用,考查不等式解法,属于中档题.二.填空题:(本大题共4小题,每小题5分)13.函数的定义域为________【试题参考答案】【试题分析】函数的定义域为:,写成区间形式即可.【试题解答】函数的定义域为:即故答案为:.常见的求定义域的类型有:对数,要求真数大于0即可;偶次根式,要求被开方数大于等于0;分式,要求分母不等于0,零次幂,要求底数不为0;多项式要求每一部分的定义域取交集。
14.已知,则的最小值为________________【试题参考答案】,则,当且仅当,等号成立,所以的最小值为故答案为.【易错点晴】本题主要考查利用基本不等式求最值,属于难题. 利用基本不等式求最值时,一定要正确理解和掌握“一正,二定,三相等”的内涵:一正是,首先要判断参数是否为正;二定是,其次要看和或积是否为定值(和定积最大,积定和最小);三相等是,最后一定要验证等号能否成立(主要注意两点,一是相等时参数否在定义域内,二是多次用或时等号能否同时成立).15.若命题“”是真命题,则实数a的取值范围是 ________ 【试题参考答案】【试题分析】根据二次函数的性质得到关于a的不等式,解出即可.【试题解答】∃x0∈R,x2＋(a﹣1)x＋1＜0,则△＝(a﹣1)2﹣4＞0,解得:a＞3或a＜﹣1,故答案为:.本题考查了特称命题的真假,考查二次函数的性质,是一道基础题.一般命题的否定通常是保留条件否定其结论,得到真假性完全相反的两个命题;含有一个量词的命题的否定,是在否定结论的同时,改变量词的属性,即全称量词改为存在量词,存在量词改为全称量词.注意:命题的否定只否定结论,而否命题是条件与结论都否定.16.设a＞b＞0,则的最小值是_______.【试题参考答案】4a2＋＝a2－ab＋ab＋＝a(a－b)＋＋ab＋≥2＋2＝4.当且仅当a(a－b)＝1且ab＝1,即a＝,b＝时取等号.三.解答题:解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤.17.已知集合或.(1)若,求的取值范围;(2)若“”是“”的充分条件,求的取值范围.【试题参考答案】(1); (2)或.【试题分析】(1),故得到;(2)根据题意得到,故或即可.【试题解答】(1),,的取值范围是(2)因为“”是“”的充分条件,或的取值范围是或.判断充要条件的方法是:①若p⇒q为真命题且q⇒p为假命题,则命题p是命题q的充分不必要条件;②若p⇒q为假命题且q⇒p为真命题,则命题p是命题q的必要不充分条件;③若p⇒q为真命题且q⇒p为真命题,则命题p是命题q的充要条件;④若p⇒q为假命题且q⇒p为假命题,则命题p是命题q的即不充分也不必要条件.⑤判断命题p与命题q所表示的范围,再根据“谁大谁必要,谁小谁充分”的原则,判断命题p与命题q的关系.18.已知不等式的解集为(1)求a的值;(2)若不等式的解集为R,求实数m的取值范围.【试题参考答案】(1); (2).【试题分析】(1)根据题意得到方程的两根为,由韦达定理可得到结果;(2)不等式的解集为R,则解出不等式即可.【试题解答】(1)由已知,,且方程的两根为.有,解得;(2)不等式的解集为R,则,解得,实数的取值范围为.这个题目考查了根和系数的关系,涉及到两根关系的题目,多数是可以考虑韦达定理的应用的,也考查到二次函数方程根的个数的问题.19.(1)若是方程的两个根,求的值.(2)已知集合,若中元素至多只有一个,求的取值范围. 【试题参考答案】(1); (2)或.【试题分析】(1)根据韦达定理得到,代入韦达定理得到结果即可;(2)①当时满足题意;②当0时,方程为二次的,只需要.【试题解答】(1)由根与系数的关系得:(2)①当时,,满足题意.②当0时,方程至多只有一个解,则,即,综上所述,的取值范围是或.这个题目考查了根和系数的关系,涉及到两根关系的题目,多数是可以考虑韦达定理的应用的,也考查到二次函数方程根的个数的问题.20.(1)已知 且 的最大值以及相应的和的值; (2)已知,且求的最小值;(3)已知方程的两个根都是正数,求实数的取值范围。