Nuclear Reaction Models for Systematic Analysis of the Fast Neutron Induced (n
39约瑟夫奈
39. Keohane and Nye小约瑟夫·奈（Joseph S. Nye, Jr., 1937-），美国著名国际政治学家，新功能主义和相互依存理论的重要代表。
相继受教于普林斯顿、牛津和哈佛大学，先后任哈佛大学政治学和国际关系教授、哈佛大学国际事务中心主任、国防部负责国际安全事务的助理部长、哈佛大学肯尼迪学院院长。
约瑟夫·奈的研究领域较为广泛，但以地区一体化和国际相互依存最为突出。
在与罗伯特·基欧汉合著的《权力与相互依存》（Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition）一书中，约瑟夫·奈结合现实主义和自由主义的方法，将权力概念导入对相互依存的分析之中，提出了复合相互依存理论。
他指出，世界政治中的相互依存，指的是国家间或不同国际行为主体间以相互影响为特征的状况。
相互依存具有三个特征：相互依存的交往要付出代价；相互依存不一定都是互利的；相互依存不一定都是对称的。
复合相互依存也有三个特征：联系渠道是多样的，不仅包括国家和政府间正式与非正式的联系，而且包括跨国公司、银行和国际组织间的联系；国际政治的所有议事日程都具有同等的重要性，没有高级政治（现实主义所说的军事与安全问题）与低级政治（现实主义所说的经济问题）之分；军事力量的作用日趋削弱。
总之，约瑟夫·奈运用传统的强权政治观分析地区一体化，以经济相互依存说明均势，构筑理论框架阐述公共政策，并将规范哲学方法导入对国际关系新现象的研究，从而明确了自由国际主义学派的一般发展趋势。
约瑟夫·奈还著有《跨国关系与世界政治》（Transnational Relations and World Politics, 1970）、《分散的和平》（Peace in Pieces, 1971）、《核伦理学》（Nuclear Ethics, 1986）和《定能领导：美国权势的变化性质》（Bound to Lead: The Changing Nature of American Power, 1990）。
核材料辐照损伤的并行空间分辨随机团簇动力学模拟
z在体积元-%之间扩散的反应速率R为：
" R = DAs i和Ni分别为体积元p S内缺陷z的 数量Ap为体积元p、q的交界面面积丄s为体 积元p、q中心点之间的距离$
2 MISA-SCD1. 0 实现
2. 1 MISA-SCD1. 0 概述 MISA-SCD1 0的计算流程如图1所示,
的实现方式与关键技术，并将其应用于反应堆压力容器模型合金中富Cu团簇的析出模拟，验证了程序
的正确性并测试了并行性能$结果表明,MISA-SCD1.0能获得与实验结果和类似模拟结果吻合的Cu
析出过程，且具有较高的并行效率和良好的扩展性$
关键词：辐照损伤；空间分辨随机团簇动力学；动力学蒙特卡罗；并行计算
CHEN Dandan1 , HE Xinfu2 , YANG Wen2 , CHU Genshen1 , BAI He】,HU Changjun1 ''
((.Universit3 of Science and Technology Beijing , Beijing 100083 , China ； 2. China Institute of Atomic Energy , Beijing 102413 , China)
第55卷第7期 2021年7月
原子能科学技术 Ato—icEnergyScienceandTechnology
Vol. 55 ,No. 7 Jul.202*
核材料辐照损伤的 并行空间分辨随机团簇动力学模拟
陈丹丹S贺新福2,杨文2,储根深S白鹤1，胡长军1!"
(1 •北京科技大学，北京1000832.中国原子能科学研究院，北京102413)
为扩大SRSCD的模拟体积，并解决扩大 体积后带来的计算量，最有效的方式就是并行 处理$在确定性方法中，并行区域按相同的时
生化分析仪常用英语
生化分析仪常用英语Automatic biochemical analyzer自动生化分析仪Clinical laboratory/medical laboratory临床实验室/医学实验室Sample样本Reagent试剂Cell杯Reagent probe试剂针Sample probe样品针Reagent disk试剂盘Sample disk样品盘Washing system清洗系统Sample stop加样停止Workplace 工作区（菜单）Sample 样本Reagent 试剂Calibration 校准Quality Control 质量控制Utility 主功能（菜单）Test select 测试选择Data review 结果浏览Perform执行State 急诊Routine 常规Sequence No. 序列号Disk 盘（如样品盘）Serum血清Plasma血浆Database数据库Floppy disk 软盘Test name 项目名称Reagent type 试剂类型Manual setting手工设置Barcode条形码Status 状态Start up calibration 起始校准Repeat calibration重复校准Installation设置Edit编辑QC table质控表QC chart质控图Realtime QC 实时质控Cumulative QC累积质控结果（日间质控）Installation安装、设置Maintenance维护Photometer check光度计检查Air purge排出空气Cell blank 杯空白Inc.(incubator) Water Exchange更换恒温水Analyze 测试/分析Normal正常量Decrease减量Increase增量Class类型（eg. Class 1::类型1）Abs.(absorbance)吸光度Range 范围Standard标准Delete删除Read parameter读参数Write parameter写参数Calibration type校准类型Expected range 参考值Default默认（eg. default age/sex）Instrument factor仪器因数Special wash特殊清洗Report format报告格式报警信息：Samp1 无法检知样品液面（样品量不足或是/忘记放置样品/液面传感器导线脱落）Reagn 试剂的液面无法检知/液体传感器在试剂流路检测到气泡ABS! 吸光度超限（样品浓度极高/试剂放错/试剂为准确配置）ABS! 吸光度超过3.3Abs（样品浓度极高、试剂放错等）Prozone 前带检查超过了设定的界限值（免疫项目样品浓度过高、界限值设定不当）Limt0/Limt1/Limt2 速率法中吸光度的值超过了设定的界限值（样品浓度过高、试剂配置不当或变质、分析参数“Abs. Limit”的“increase”或“decrease”设定不当）Lin./Lin.8 速率法的项目中反应的线性超过了设定的界限值（反应液中进入了脏物、样品高度浑浊、搅拌棒搅拌不良、光源灯老化、线性检查值设定不良）S1Abs? 第一标准液的吸光度不在设定的范围内（试剂变质、试剂放置错误、第一标准液吸光度范围设定不良）Dup 两次测定标准液吸光度的差不在设定范围内（因吸量器漏液而出现的重复不良、离散度的设定不良）Std？校准失败（试剂配制/放置错误；标准也的浓度/放置错误，其他）Sens 标准液的颜色变化比设定的吸光度小（第一标准液吸光度与最大浓度标准液吸光度之差不在应用画面的“灵敏度允许吸光度”的输入范围）（标准液、试剂放置错误、试剂变质、灵敏度界限设定不良）Calib K系数和上次的值比较，在±20%以上（测定新设定的分析项目、标准液/试剂放置错误、试剂变质、标准液浓缩、因吸量器连接部漏液而出现的重复性不良）Calibration factor error校准因素错误（两次校准结果之间的差值超过20%）Calibration error校准错误（校准失败）1、实验室管理常用英语CLIA’88 美国临床实验室修正法规（1988）ISO国际标准化组织IFCCCDC(centers for disease control and prevention)疾病控制与预防中心PT（proficiency testing）能力验证EQA（external quality assessment）室间质评Error误差NCCLS/CLSI(the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards/Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute)美国临床检验标准化委员会EP21-A 临床检验方法分析总误差的评估——批准指南TEa(total analytical error) 总误差Accuracy 准确度Assay CEDINGBias 偏倚Carry-over 携带污染Control material 质控品Inaccuracy 不准确度Measurement uncertainty 测量不确定度Measuring system 检测系统Specimen 标本Target value 靶值Validation 确认Precision 精密度Repeatability重复性Run 批Lot 批号Accuracy 准确度Trueness 正确度Systematic error系统误差Random error随机误差Total error总误差Measuring range 测量范围Blank 空白Limit of detection 检测限Sensitivity 灵敏度BLD(biologic limit of detection)生物检测限FS(functional sensitivity) 功能灵敏度CAP美国病历夹协会Interference干扰Analyte分析物Interfernce criteria干扰标准Matrix effect基质效应Assessment评价Pool标本Commutability互通性Traceability溯源性Outline离群值SD(standard deviation)标准差CV(coefficients of variation)变异系数Reference material参考物质SOP(standard operation procedure)标准操作程序Commutability互通性/互换性体外诊断试剂常用英语：IVD InVitroDiagnosticreagents体外诊断试剂HITERGENT:循环水添加剂、针清洗剂HIALKALI:碱性清洗液：去除有机物、纤维质、油脂等HIALKALI-D:碱性清洗液：去除有机物、纤维质、油脂等HICARRYNON:酸性清洗液：无机物、碳酸盐、铁化合物等HICHLOGENT-A:次氯酸盐清洗液：流路清洗HICHLOGENT-B:次氯酸盐清洗液：流路清洗ISE 清洗液（N）:电极清洗、ISE流路清洗AKP/ALP alkaline phosphatase 碱性磷酸酶ACP acid phosphatase 酸性磷酸酶AST/GOT aspartate aminotransferase 天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶ALT/GPT alanine aminotransferase 丙氨酸氨基转移酶AML/AMS amylase 淀粉酶ALC/ALK alcohol 乙醇、酒精AIDS acquired immune deficidency syndrome 艾滋AL（ALB）albumin 白蛋白PAL（prealbumin）前白蛋白AFP alpha-fetoprotein 甲胎蛋白ADP adenosine diphospate 二磷酸腺苷AMP aednosine monophospate 一磷酸腺苷ATP aednosine triphospate 三磷酸腺苷APTT actived partial thrombolastin time 活化部分凝血酶时间AT-III antinyombin-III 抗凝血酶IIIA/G albumin-globulin ratio 白蛋白-球蛋白比值Bac bacteria 细菌Buffer 缓冲对BG blood group 血型BILI bilirubin 胆红素Blood 血液GLU glucose 葡萄糖BUN blood urea nitrogen 血液尿素氮BSA bovine serum albumin 牛血清白蛋白BUA blood urie acid 血尿酸C cell 细胞Ca calcium 钙C3 complement 3 补体C3Crea creatinine 肌酐CO/CHO cholesterol 胆固醇CHE cholinestetrase 胆碱脂酶CK/CPK creatine kinase/phosphokinase 肌酸（磷酸）激酶CV coefficient of vaviation 变异系数CEA carcinoembyonic antigen 癌胚抗原CRP C-reaction protien C- 反应蛋白CSF cerebral spinal fluid 脑脊液CBC complete blood count 全血细胞计数DC differential count of leucocyte 白细胞分类计数DIC disseminated intravascular coagulation 弥漫性血管内凝血DNA deoxyrinbonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸DD D-dimer D- 二聚体DB direct bilirubin 直接胆红素DW distilled water 蒸馏水E enzyme 酶ELISA enzyme linked immunosorbent assay 酶联免疫吸附试验FG fobrinogen 纤维蛋白原FDP fobrinogen degradation product 纤维蛋白原降解产物FFA free fatty acid 游离脂肪酸GGT gama glutamyltransferase γ-谷胺酰基转移酶GLU glucose 葡萄糖GN gram's negative 革兰氏阴性G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 葡萄糖-6- 磷酸脱氢酶GOD glucose oxiddase 葡萄糖氧化酶GPB(GPC) gram's positive bacillus 革兰氏阳性杆菌HBDH hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 羟丁酸脱氢酶HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 高密度脂蛋白胆固醇HB(HGB) hemoglobin 血红蛋白HP high power 高倍（显微镜用语）HPLC high gerformence liquid chromatography 高效液相色谱法HCT hematocrit 红细胞压积HC heavy chain 重链5-HT 5-hydroxy-tryptamince 5- 羟色胺HA V hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒HBV hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒HCV hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒HDV hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒HEV hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒HbsAg hepatitis B surface antigen 乙型肝炎表面抗原HbsAb hepatitis B surface antibody 乙型肝炎表面抗体HbeAb hepatitis B e antibody 乙型肝炎e 抗体HbeAg hepatitis B e antigen 乙型肝炎e 抗原HbcAg hepatitis B core antigen 乙型肝炎核心抗原HbcAb hepatitis B core antibody 乙型肝炎核心抗体HLA human leukocyte antigen 人类白细胞抗原HICN 氰化高铁血红蛋白HRP horseradish peroxidase 辣根过氧化物酶HSV herpes simple virus 单纯疱疹病毒HK hexokinase 己糖（磷酸）激酶Ig immunoglobulin 免疫球蛋白IgA immunoglobulin A 免疫球蛋白AIgG immunoglobulin G 免疫球蛋白GIgM immunoglobulin M 免疫球蛋白MIgE immunoglobulin E 免疫球蛋白EIgD immunoglobulin D 免疫球蛋白DIP inorganic phosphorus 无机磷IU international unit 国际单位IRMA immnnoradiometric assay 放射免疫试验IDL intermediate-density lipoprotein 中间密度脂蛋白IB indirect bilirubin 间接胆红素IBP iron binding protein 铁结合蛋白IC immune complex 免疫复合物IDA iron deficiency anemia 缺铁性贫血IE immune electrophoresis 免疫电泳IFA indirect fluorescent antibody 间接荧光抗体试验KET Ketone-bodies 酮体LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 低密度脂蛋白胆固醇LYM lymphocyte 淋巴细胞β-LP β-lipoprotein β-脂蛋白LPA latex particles agglutination 郛胶凝集反应LEU leukocyte 白细胞M mol 摩尔Mb myoglobin 肌红蛋白β2-MG β2-microglobulin β2- 微球蛋白Mg magnesium 镁MSU mid-stream urine spceimen 中段尿标本MCV mean corpuscular volume 平均红细胞体积MCH mean corpuscular hemoglubin 平均红细胞血红蛋白量MCHC mean corpuscular hemoglubin concentration 平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度MPV mean platelet volume 平均血小板体积MAO micromine oxidase 单胺氧化酶Negative 阴性Normal range 正常范围NRBC nucleared red blood cell 有核红细胞NS normal serum 正常血清OSM osmol 渗透压（量）OD optical density 光密度P plasma 血浆P phosphorus 磷PCR polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链式反应PR protein 蛋白质POS positive 阳性PLT platelet 血小板PLC platelet count 血小板计数PI isoelectric point 等电点POX peroxidase 过氧化物酶R reaction 反应RBC red blood cell 红细胞Routine 常规RNA ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸RET reticulockyte 网织红细胞RF rhermatoid factor 类风湿因子Sandard 标准Serum 血清Solution 溶液Specimen 标本SOD superoxide dismubase 超氧化物岐化酶SI international system unit 国际单位制Spectorphofluorometer 分光光度荧光计SI serum iron 血清铁SD standard deviation 标准差Test 试验、测定Time 时间TB tubercle bacillus 结核杆菌TP tatal protein 总蛋白TG triglyceride 甘油三酯TB(TBIL) total bilirubin 总胆红素TIBC total iron binging capacity 总铁结合力U unit 单位U urine 尿液UCR urine creatine 尿肌酐UCRE urine creatine 尿肌酸UCL urea clearance 尿素清除率UR urine routine 尿常规临床实验室URANAL urine analysis 尿分析Urine acid 尿酸V volume 体积VMA vanillyl mandelic acid 香草酸杏仁酸VWD von willebrand disease 血管性假血友病VLDL very low-density lipoprotein 极低密度脂蛋白WBC white blood cell 白细胞计数。
英语专四词汇精选2000单选题(1-100)
a. composesb. comprisesc. consistsd. constituteshe was in the office he ________doing something to doing nothing.a. preferredb. likedc. favoredd. approvedwhen cooled and expand when heated.a. decreaseb. reducec. condensed. contractyour raincoat with you_________ it rains.a. by chanceb. in casec. at larged. on occasion5. He was afraid he would have to _________her invitation to the party.a. refuteb. refusec. rejectd. declinethe Committee last Saturday the following proposal was agreed ________ by those present.a. tob. withc. overd. atwent to see the exhibition ________ the storm.a. but forb. in spite ofc. for the sake ofd. instead ofmy surprise, at yesterday's meeting he again brought ________ the plan that had been .disapproved a week before.a .aboutb out c. back d. updoctor took X-rays to ________ the chance of broken bones.a. make sureb. rule outc. break downd. knock outfelt it rather difficult to take a stand _________ the opinion of the majority.a. forb. againstc. tod. byhas behaved in the most extraordinary way recently; I can't ______his behavinga. look intob. break throughc. account ford. get overdid it come ________ that you made a lot of mistakes in your homeworka. aboutb. alongc. aroundd. bycould produce no evidence _____ his argument.a. in respect ofb. in view ofc. in support ofd. on account ofgovernment should ________ with the irrational regulations restricting drinking hours.a. break awayb. come upc. get awayd. do away..15. I know him well enough to accept his explanation ____________.a. without questionb. by all meansc. at any costd. in any case16. It was a small country house, but it was large ______ urban standards.a. atb. forc. byd. from17. The travelers sought shelter __________the rain and happened to find a road-side inn.a. fromb. againstc. ford. withour attempts to __________the child from drowning were in vain.a. regainb. recoverc. reserved. rescueis the first draft of the book. Please feel perfectly free to __________ it.a. deal withb. comment onc. cope withd. dwell onwas always taught that it was _________ to interrupt .a. rudeb. coarse c .rough d. crudeon official _____such as formal receptions, American society has a certain amounta. casesb. situationsc. eventsd. occasionsfinal document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage ________upon the world by the war.a. imposedb. impressed c pelled d. compressedwalking along the icy river banks, we could see cracks in the ice _____ in all directions.,a. radiating b. dividing c. splitting d. tearing, the second largest province of China, is _________ in uranium (铀) and undergroundthermal power(地热).a. wealthyb. abundant c .adequate d. sufficientyoung couple were quite excited by the _________of having their first child.a. perspectiveb. prospectc. future d foresightmany children have bought the balloons that the store is now out of __________.a. stuffb. materialc. stockd. staffwas always in perfect sympathy with me _________ my love of nature.a. with regard tob. in contrast toc. in case ofd. in the event ofare nations whose lack of contact with the outside world has _________ poverty.a. fallen intob. consisted in c .resulted in d. amounted tois the ________ to an improvement of their living conditions.a. keyb. decisionc. essenced. alternativewas a bold idea to build a power station in the deep valley, but it ________expected.a. went offb. worked offc. broke offd. came offis a Christian holy day usually celebrated on December25th _________the birth ofJesus Christ.a. in favor ofb. in honor ofc. in terms ofd. in accordance with32. The _____action of the policeman saved the people in the house from being burnt.a. alertb. urgentc. promptd. punctual33. The pollution question as well as several other issues is going to be discussed when the Congress is in ________again next spring.a. assemblyb. conferencec. conventiond. session________is the round of things that you usually do each day.a. practiceb. habitc. routined. custom35. I ________ with thanks the help of my colleagues in the preparation of this new column.a. expressb. acknowledgec. confirmd. verifyis the ________holder of the world 5000-meter race world record, but there is noguarantee that he will win in the Olympic Games.a. prevalentb. dominantc. currentd. prominentcomplaint is being _________ when we have anything to report we'1l write to youa. looked throughb. looked overc. looked afterd. looked intoour delight, she quickly _________ herself to the new situation-a. acquaintedb. exposedc. adaptedd. devotedmanager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for _________ her attitude towardcustomers.a. straightforwardb. partialc. favorabled. hostilethe joint effort of everyone, the plan is _____to succeed; I'm sure of that.a. obviousb. boundc. doubtlessd. necessaryof tons of water are _______by a complex system of dykes.a. held upb. held onc. held outd. held backtraveling, you are advised to take traveler’s checks, which provide a secure_________ to carrying your money in cash.,a. substituteb. replacementc. preferenced. alternative't poke your nose into what doesn’t _________ you.a. connectb. relatec. concernd. interestdiscussion was m prolonged and exhausting _______ that the speakers stopped for refreshments.a. at largeb. at intervalsc. at randomd. at lengthof scientific groups all over the world have been _________the goal of a practical andeconomic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.does not ________ as a teacher of English as his pronunciation is terrible.a. equalb. qualifyc. matchd. fitstarted its nuclear power industry only in recent years and should ________ no time incatching up.a. delayb. lessenc. losed. slipwas speaking to Ann on the phone when suddenly we were _______.a. cut offb. cut downc. cut backd. cut out49. The State's Department of Commerce in the . is _________to our Bureau of Economicdevelopment-a. likeb. equivalentc. samed. approximate50. It is usually the case that people seldom behave in a __________way when ina furious state.a. responsibleb. reliablec. rationald. conscious5151. Scientists are working hard to come up with a sure solution to the food _______ for mankind.a. declineb. rarity c scarcity d. shortage52. I left for the office earlier than usual this morning _______traffic jam.a. for the sake ofb. in case ofc. at the risk ofd. in spite of53. The manager didn't have time to go into his plan ________, but he gave us an idea about it.54. Your improper words will give _________ to doubts concerning your true intentions.a. riseb. reasonc. suspiciond. ground55. The new washing machines are being ________ at the rate of 50 a day in this factory.a. turned offb. turned downc. turned outd. turned in56. John complained to the bookseller that there were some pages _____ in the dictionary.a. beingb. missingc. droppingd. falling57. On turning round the corner we saw the road ________ steeply.a. fallingb. decreasingc., descendingd. lowering58. The mother said she would ________her son washing the dishes if he could finish hisassignment before supper.a. let downb. let alonec. let offd. let out59. The managing director took the ________ for the accident, although it was not really his fault-a. guiltb. blamec. charged. accusation60. In spite of the wide range of reading material specially written or _______for language learning purposes, there is yet no comprehensive systematic program for the reading skills.a. adaptedb. acknowledgedc. assembledd. appointed61. People ________ that vertical flight transports would carry millions ofairliners of today.a. convincedb. anticipatedc. resolvedd. assured62. The shop-assistant was straightforward with his customers. If an article was of _______quality he'd tell them so.a. miserableb. minorc. subordinated. inferior63. He failed to carry out some of the provisions of the contract, and now he has to________ theconsequences.a. answer forb. run intoc. submit tod. account for64. More poles are needed to _____ the weight of the tent.a. retainb. sustain c .maintain d. obtain65. Your advice would be __________ valuable to him, who is at present at his wit's end.a. exclusivelyb. extensivelyc. excessivelyd. exceedinglyall its advantages, the computer is by no means without its _________.a. boundariesb. restraintsc. confinementsd. limitationsthe engine would not start, the mechanic inspected all the parts to find what was ________.a. in the wrongb. in troublec. at faultd. in difficulty________ so much work that he couldn't really do it efficiently.a. put onb. brought onc. took ond. carried onfelt _______ to death because I could make nothing of the chairman's speech.are more anxious for rain than people in cities because they have more a t__________.a. dangerb. stakec. lossd. threat_________ Edison's success to his intelligence and hard work.'a. describeb. subjectc. attributed. referis well known that retired workers in China are ________ free medical care.a. entitled tob. associated withc. involved ind. devoted toonce again went through her composition carefully to ______ a1l spelling mistakes from it.a. eliminateb. withdrawc. diminishd. deletenewly-built Science Building seems _________enough to last a hundred years.a. sophisticatedb. steadyc. robustd. substantialman has to make _______ for his old age by putting aside enough money to live on wbenold.a. supplyb. assurancec. provisiond. storagecells (电池)were designed to _________sunshine to electricity to run a motor.a. convertb. alter .c. modifyd. exchange________of the long report by the budget committee was submitted to the mayor forapproval.a. shorthandb. schemec. scheduled. sketchbright flowers and warm winds _________that spring had come.that country, guests tend to feel they are not highly _______if the invitation to a dinerparty is extended only three or four days before the party date.a. admiredb. regardedc. expectedd. worshipedpeople realize how rich that area is. It is a land of treasure _______treasure.a. piled onb. derived fromc. turned overd. increased byjeweler assured Mr. White that the stone was a (n) ________diamond and not an imitation.a. gracefulb. genuinec. actuald. exactremarkable _______ of life on the Galopagos Islands inspired Charles Darwin to establishhis theory of evolution.a. classificationb. diversionc. densityd. variety83. As the clouds drifted away an even higher peak became _______ to the climbers.a. obviousb. visiblec. presentd. apparent84. The news item about the fire is followed by a detailed report made ___________.a. on the spotb. on the sitec. on the locationd. on the ground85. The remarkable gains in the general health of the population in the world have been due inlarge measure _______ the efforts of some great doctors.a. forb. withc. byd. to86. He appeared in the court and supplied the facts ________ to the case.a. subjectb. attachedc. relevantd. correspondingactiveparticipation.a. dimensionb. volumec. magnituded. scope88. John did not have to write the composition if he didn't want to. It was _________.a. imperativeb. optionalc. criticald. unnecessary89. I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be _______to it.a. connectedb. fastenedc. boundd. related90. A _________ exercise such as running is helpful to our health.a. rigorousb. vigorousc. preciousd. continuous91. If any man here does not agree with me, he should _______ his own plan for improving theliving conditions of these people.a. put onb. put outc. put ind. put forward92. In sharp ________ to John, who is frank, Henry is too sophisticated.a. contrastb. conflictc. comparisond. contradiction93. On a small farm in a dry climate one should not grow crops that need ______space and a lotof water to ripen.a. considerableb. significantc. extensived. quantitativereason for the successes of Asian immigrants in the . is that they have taken greata. effortsb. painsc. attemptsd. endeavors95. She was pale with __________ after working for three shifts in succession.a. coldb. frightc. emotiond. fatigue96. What a _________ person says or does today agrees with what he said or did yesterday.a. harmoniousb. consistentc. constantd. sensible97. What sort of _________ can you get for the night in a city like thisa. commissionb. treatmentc. accommodationd. recommendation98. As a defense against air-pollution damage, many plants and animals ______a substance toabsorb harmful chemicals-a. relieveb. releasec. dismissd. discard__________his sorrow beneath a cheerful appearance.a. concealedb. retainedc. keptd. shieldedyour instructor advised, you ought to spend your time on something _________researching into.a. worthwhileb. worthc. worthyd. Requesting答案：Key :01．c 02．a 03．d 04．b 05．d 06．a 07．b 08．d 09．b 10．b11．c 12．a 13．c 14．d 15．a 16．c 17．a 18．d 19．b 20．a21．d 22．a 23．c 24．b 25．b 26．c 27．a 28．c 29．a 30．d41．d 42．d 43．c 44．b 45．a 46．b 47．c 48．a 49．b 50．c 51．d 52．b 53．d 54．a 55．c 56．b 57．c 58．c 59．b 60．a 61．b 62．d 63．a 64．b 65．d 66．d 67．c 68．c 69．d 70．b 71．c 72．a 73．a 74．d 75．c 76．a 77．d 78．b 79．b 80．a 81．b 82．d 83．b 84．a 85．d 86．c 87．d 88．c 89．c 90．b 91．d 92．a 93．c 94．b 95．d 96．b 97．c 98．b 99．a 100．b。
乙酸蒸汽催化重整制氢的研究进展
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2017年第36卷第5期·1658·化 工 进展乙酸蒸汽催化重整制氢的研究进展王东旭1，肖显斌2，李文艳1（1华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，北京 102206；2华北电力大学生物质发电成套设备国家工程实验室，北京 102206）摘要：通过生物油蒸汽重整制备氢气可以减少环境污染，降低对化石燃料的依赖，是一种极具潜力的制氢途径。
乙酸是生物油的主要成分之一，常作为模型化合物进行研究。
镍基催化剂是乙酸蒸汽重整过程中常用的催化剂，但容易因积炭失去活性，降低了制氢过程的经济性。
本文首先分析了影响乙酸蒸汽重整制氢过程的各种因素，阐述了在这一过程中镍基催化剂的积炭原理，讨论了优化镍基催化剂的方法，包括优化催化剂的预处理过程、添加助剂和选择合适的载体，最后对乙酸蒸汽重整制氢的热力学分析研究进展进行了总结。
未来应重点研究多种助剂复合使用时对镍基催化剂积炭与活性的影响，分析多种助剂的协同作用机理，得到一种高活性、高抗积炭能力的用于生物油蒸汽重整制氢的镍基催化剂。
关键词：生物油；乙酸；制氢；催化剂；热力学中图分类号：TK6 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2017）05–1658–08 DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017.05.014A review of literatures on catalytic steam reforming of acetic acid forhydrogen productionWANG Dongxu 1，XIAO Xianbin 2，LI Wenyan 1（1 School of Energy ，Power and Mechanical Engineering ，North China Electric Power University ，Beijing 102206，China ；2 National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Power Generation Equipment ，North China Electric PowerUniversity ，Beijing 102206，China ）Abstract ：Hydrogen production via steam reforming of bio-oil ，a potential way to produce hydrogen ， can reduce environmental pollution and dependence on fossil fuels. Acetic acid is one of the main components of bio-oil and is often selected as a model compound. Nickel-based catalyst is widely used in the steam reforming of acetic acid ，but it deactivates fast due to the carbon deposition. In this paper ，the affecting factors for the steam reforming of acetic acid are analyzed. The coking mechanism of nickel-based catalyst in this process is illustrated. Optimization methods for nickel-baed catalyst are discussed ，including optimizing the pretreatment process ，adding promoters ，and choosing appropriate catalyst supports. Research progresses in the thermodynamics analyses for steaming reforming of acetic acid are summarized. Further studies should be focused on the effects of a combination of a variety of promoters on carbon deposition. Catalytic activity and the synergy mechanism should be analyzed to produce a novel nickel-based catalyst with high activity ，high resistance to caborn deposition for hydrogen production via steam reforming of bio-oil. Key words ：bio-oil ；acetic acid ；hydrogen production ；catalyst ；thermodynamics第一作者：王东旭（1994—），男，硕士研究生，从事生物质能利用技术研究。
宇宙的核式结构模型
Nuclear Structure Model of the Universe 作者： 苏燕飞
作者机构： 广东石油化工学院(光华校区)物理系,广东茂名525000
出版物刊名： 洛阳师范学院学报
页码： 38-41页
年卷期： 2011年 第8期
主题词： 原子的核式结构;宇宙的核式结构;宇宙大爆炸;负(反)质量物质;黑洞;哈勃定律;宇宙的产生;奇点
摘要：根据原子核式结构模型和量子力学理论提出和论述宇宙核式结构的模型，利用宇宙核式结构模型解释了宇宙膨胀现象、哈勃定律、宇宙的产生和演化、奇点等几个重大问题，并进一步说明负（反）质量物质的存在．。
电子束辐照水处理反应器研究进展
CHEMICAL INDUSTRY AND ENGINEERING PROGRESS 2017年第36卷第2期·410·化 工 进 展电子束辐照水处理反应器研究进展丁瑞1，茅泽育1，王建龙2（1清华大学水利水电工程系，北京 100084；2清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院，北京 100084） 摘要：目前国内外对电子束辐照水处理中反应动力学的研究较为深入，但对反应器流体力学特性和吸收剂量分布规律的研究相对薄弱，而反应器的流体力学特性和吸收剂量分布均匀性决定了辐照水处理的效率。
本文对现有电子束辐照水处理反应器进行了分类、分析和对比，并对它们的优缺点进行了讨论：瀑布式和射流式反应器产生的水流与电子束要求的水流特性较为相似，且应用较为广泛，但缺乏系统的研究；喷雾式反应器处理量相对较小且缺乏对其雾化水流的研究；上流式与折流式反应器容易引起水流吸收剂量分布的不均匀。
指出了目前反应器研究都没有考虑水流细部的流体力学特性及其对吸收剂量分布均匀性的影响。
提出了电子束辐照水处理反应器进一步的研究方向为，采用计算流体力学与蒙特卡罗模拟粒子输运相结合的方法，研究反应器水流流速分布、厚度分布与雾化水流密度分布等流体力学特性与吸收剂量分布规律，并据此优化反应器。
关键词：电子束辐照水处理；反应器；流体力学；吸收剂量分布；计算流体力学；蒙特卡罗模拟 中图分类号：X703 文献标志码：A 文章编号：1000–6613（2017）02–0410–08 DOI ：10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017.02.002A review on the water treatment reactor by electron beamDING Rui 1，MAO Zeyu 1，WANG Jianlong 2（1Department of Hydraulic Engineering ，Tsinghua University ，Beijing 100084，China ；2Institute of Nuclear and NewEnergy Technology ，Tsinghua University ，Beijing 100084，China ）Abstract ：A lot of research has been conducted to study the reaction kinetics of electron beam （EB ）treatment of wastewater. However ，relatively less attention has been paid to the hydrodynamic behavior and absorbed dose distribution of the EB reactor which is crucially important for the EB treatment efficiency. Existing EB reactors were classified ，analyzed and compared in this paper. Advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of EB reactors were briefly discussed. The waterfall and nozzle jet reactors were widely used and their flow coincided well with the requirement of electron beam ，but very few systematic studies were conducted on them. The treatment capacity of the spraying reactors was relatively small and there were very few studies on the aerosol flow formed by them. As for up-flow and plate reactors ，their absorbed dose distribution was less uniform. All previous studies didn’t consider the detailed hydrodynamic of the EB reactor and its effect on the absorbed dose distribution which is also considered as the future research area for EB reactor study. Computational fluid dynamic （CFD ） method should be used to study the detailed hydrodynamic of the EB reactor ，including the velocity ，depth and density distribution of the flow. The Monte Carlo method incorporating CFD simulation result should be used to study the absorbed dose distribution of the flow. The configuration of the EB reactor should be improved to make the absorbed dose distribution more uniform.Key words ：electron beam treatment for wastewater ；reactors ；fluid mechanics ；absorbed dose distribution ；CFD ；Monte Carlo simulation第一作者及联系人：丁瑞（1989—），男，博士研究生，主要从事流体力学在水处理中的应用研究。
高中物理书上的单词整理
高中物理书上的单词整理机械运动mechanical motion力学mechanics质点mass point参考系reference frame坐标系coordinate system路程path位移displacement矢量vector标量scalar速度velocity平均速度average velocity瞬时速度instantaneous velocity速率speed加速度acceleration费恩曼FeynmanV-T图v-t graph普朗克Planck匀变速直线运动uniform variable rectilinear motion 初速度initial velocity自由落体运动free-fall motion自由落体加速度free-fall acceleration重力加速度gravitational acceleration亚里士多德Aristotle伽利略Galileo Galilei米开朗基罗Michelangelo恩格斯Friedrich Engels力force牛顿Newton重力gravity重心center of gravity万有引力gravitation电磁相互作用electromagnetic interaction强相互作用strong interaction弱相互作用weak interaction形变deformation弹性形变elastic deformation弹力elastic force弹性限度elastic limit弹性系数coefficient of stiffness胡克定律Hooke law摩擦力frictional force静摩擦力static frictional force滑动摩擦力sliding frictional force动摩擦因素dynamic frictional factor合力resultant force分力components of force力的合成composition of force公力点concurrent forces平行四边形定则parallelogram rule力的分解resolution of force三角形定则triangular rule自然和自然的法则在黑夜中隐藏，上帝说，让牛顿去吧！于是一切都被照亮。