英语复习资料
高考英语复习资料完整版
高考英语复习资料完整版高考英语复习资料完整版高考英语是每个学生都要经历的一场考试，对于学生们来说，复习是非常重要的一部分。
在复习过程中，选择合适的资料是至关重要的。
本文将为大家提供一份高考英语复习资料的完整版，帮助大家更好地备考。
一、词汇与语法1. 词汇词汇是英语学习的基础，掌握好词汇对于高考英语至关重要。
在复习过程中，可以通过背单词、做词汇题等方式来提高词汇量。
同时，还可以利用词根、词缀等方法来拓展词汇的应用范围。
2. 语法语法是英语学习中的难点之一，但也是高考英语中的重要考点。
在复习过程中，可以通过做语法题、背诵语法规则等方式来提高语法水平。
此外，还可以通过阅读英文原著、观看英语电影等方式来加深对语法知识的理解和应用。
二、阅读理解阅读理解是高考英语中的重要部分，也是考生们普遍感到困难的一部分。
在复习过程中，可以通过大量阅读英文文章、报纸、杂志等来提高阅读理解能力。
同时，还可以通过做阅读理解题、总结文章主旨等方式来加深对文章的理解。
三、写作能力写作是高考英语中的一项重要考核内容，也是考生们普遍感到困难的一部分。
在复习过程中，可以通过写作练习、背诵范文等方式来提高写作水平。
此外，还可以通过模拟写作、互相修改作文等方式来提高写作能力。
四、听力技巧听力是高考英语中的一项重要考核内容，也是考生们普遍感到困难的一部分。
在复习过程中，可以通过大量听英语材料、做听力练习等方式来提高听力水平。
同时，还可以通过做听力题、总结听力技巧等方式来提高听力能力。
五、综合能力训练综合能力训练是高考英语中的一项重要考核内容，也是考生们普遍感到困难的一部分。
在复习过程中，可以通过做综合能力题、模拟考试等方式来提高综合能力。
此外，还可以通过参加英语角、与外教交流等方式来提高英语口语和交流能力。
六、备考技巧备考技巧是高考英语中的一项重要内容，也是考生们备考过程中需要注意的一部分。
在复习过程中，可以通过制定合理的复习计划、合理安排时间等方式来提高备考效率。
英语ab级复习资料
英语ab级复习资料英语AB级复习资料英语AB级考试是一项重要的语言能力测试，对于想要提升自己英语水平的人来说，备考是必不可少的一步。
在复习过程中，准备一些合适的资料是非常重要的。
本文将为大家介绍一些有关英语AB级复习资料的内容。
一、词汇与语法词汇和语法是英语学习的基础，也是AB级考试的重点内容。
在复习过程中，可以使用一些词汇书和语法书来帮助记忆和理解。
推荐一些经典的词汇书，如《牛津词典》、《柯林斯词典》等。
这些词汇书包含了丰富的词汇和例句，可以帮助学习者扩大词汇量和了解词汇的用法。
在语法方面，可以选择一些专门的语法书，如《英语语法大全》、《英语语法习题集》等。
这些书籍通常会详细介绍英语的各种语法规则，并提供大量的练习题供学习者练习。
二、阅读理解阅读理解是AB级考试中的重要部分，需要学习者具备较强的阅读能力和理解能力。
在复习过程中，可以选择一些英语阅读材料，如英语报纸、杂志、小说等，进行大量的阅读练习。
同时，也可以选择一些专门的阅读理解练习题集，如《英语阅读理解习题集》等。
这些练习题集通常会包含不同难度的阅读材料，并提供答案和解析，可以帮助学习者提高阅读理解能力。
三、听力训练听力是英语学习中的重要技能之一，也是AB级考试的考察内容。
在复习过程中，可以选择一些英语听力材料，如英语电台、英语教学录音等，进行听力练习。
同时，也可以选择一些专门的听力训练资料，如《英语听力训练教程》等。
这些资料通常会提供不同难度的听力材料，并提供听力材料的文本和答案，可以帮助学习者提高听力技能。
四、写作技巧写作是英语学习的重要技能之一，也是AB级考试的考察内容。
在复习过程中，可以选择一些写作指导书籍，如《英语写作指南》等，学习写作的技巧和方法。
同时，也可以选择一些写作练习题集，如《英语写作习题集》等。
这些练习题集通常会提供不同类型的写作题目，并提供范文和写作指导，可以帮助学习者提高写作能力。
综上所述，英语AB级复习资料的选择对于备考非常重要。
《大学英语一》复习资料
华师专科《大学英语（一）》复习资料一、单选题1、I don’t think the charge for overhauling the equipment is excessive in_____ to its size.A、correspondenceB、equationC、proportionD、dimension正确答案：C2、We are relieved to see that the two kids from this stepfamily_________well with each other.A、interceptB、instructC、interruptD、interact正确答案：D3、He wore dark glasses to avoid________.A、having been recognizedB、to be recognizedC、recognizedD、being recognized正确答案：D4、It's no use__________me not to worry.A、you tellB、your tellingC、for you to have toldD、having told正确答案：B5、If you want________you have to get the fund somewhere.A、that the job is doneB、the job doneC、to have done the jobD、the job that is done正确答案：B6、_______is known to the world,Mark Twain is a great American writer.A、ThatB、WhichC、ItD、As正确答案：DIssues such as these were not really his______.A、concernB、matterC、businessD、words正确答案：A8、This river is so big that it is impossible to build a_______ under it without modern technology.A、canalB、tunnelC、channelD、cable正确答案：B9、The reports of terror attacks in Paris were_____across newspapers and websites.A、cancelledB、splashedC、pleadedD、embarrassed正确答案：B10、I'm really feeling___.I wish I had never said such stupid things in the presence of my friends.A、embarrassedB、embarrassC、embarrassingD、embarrassment正确答案：A二、填空题11、I’ve made new friends and am____________well(进展好)at college.I think I’m enjoying being a college student.正确答案：第1空:doing12、Remember what our professor said.If you fail to complete your ____________________(assignment)on time,you may lose points for your final grade.正确答案：第1空:assignments13、What’s done is done.Believe me!You’ll feel less pain in life if you learn to let____________(放手).正确答案：第1空:go14、Our professor meets his advanced students once a week to holda(n)________________(研讨会)on adult development.He alwaysinvites us to attend it too.正确答案：第1空:seminar15、No matter how big the company is，I can________________________（短语：找到路）around in a few weeks.正确答案：第1空:find my way16、When I left home，my husband and my daughter were________________________（动词：协商）.正确答案：第1空:negotiating17、I threw a birthday party yesterday，and John had his girlfriend ____________________（短语：跟随）.正确答案：第1空:in tow18、The bank refused(accept)_______________________my application for the loan because they weren’t convinced by my business plan.正确答案：第1空:to accept19、Gas prices are(high)______________here than in other parts of the country．正确答案：第1空:higher20、The secretary has been working for the same(manage)__________________ for over5years.正确答案：第1空:manager三、完型填空21、Have you ever heard the story of Internet?We are all busy1about and using the Internet,but how many of us know the history of the Internet?Many people are2when they find that the Internet was set up in the1960s.At that time,computers were large and puter network didn’t work well.If one computer in the network broke down,then the whole network stopped.So a network system had to be set 3.It should be good enough to be used4many different computers.If part of the network was not working,information could5through another part.In this way computer network system would keep on6all the time.At first the Internet was only used by the government,but,in the early1970s,universities, hospitals,and banks were allowed to use it,too.However,computers were still very7and the Internet was difficult to use.By the start of the1990s,computers became cheaper and8to use.Scientists had also9software that made“surfing”the Internet more convenient.Today it is easy to get on-line and millions of people use the Internet every day.Sending e-mail is more and more popular10students.(1)A、talkB、tellC、talkingD、telling(2)A、surprisedB、surpriseC、surprisingD、surprises(3)A、overB、upC、off(4)A、ofB、forC、atD、by(5)A、be sentB、sendingC、sentD、sends(6)A、workB、workingC、worksD、worked(7)A、expensiveB、cheapC、cheaper(8)A、easyB、easilyC、easierD、easiest(9)A、developB、developingC、developedD、develops(10)A、betweenB、atC、ofD、among正确答案：(1)C(2)A(3)B(4)D(5)A(6)B(7)A(8)C(9)C(10) D四、阅读理解22、【阅读理解题】Passage OneTo be a good teacher,you need some of the gifts of a good actor:you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker,with a good,strong,pleasing voice which is fully under your control;and you must be able to act what you are teaching,in order to make its meaning clear.Watch a good teacher and you will see that he does not sitmotionless before his class:he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about,using his arms,hands and fingers to help him in his explanations,and his face to express feelings.Listen to him,and you will hear the loudness,the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, for there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s.The actor has to speak words which he has learntby heart;he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part,even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand(预先).What he has to do is makeall these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.A good teacher works in quite a different way.His audience takes an active part in his play:they ask and answer questions,they obey orders,and if they don’t understand something,they say so.The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his audience, which is his class.He cannot learn his part by heart,but mustinvent it as he goes along.I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because their brains wouldn’t keep discipline:they could not keep strictly to what another had written.(1)、[单选题]What is the text about?A、How to become a good teacher.B、What a good teacher should do outside the classroom.C、What teachers and actors could learn from each other.D、The similarities and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s.正确答案：D(2)、[单选题]In what way is a teacher’s work different from an actor’s?A、The teacher must learn everything by heart.B、The teacher knows how to control his voice better than an actor.C、The teacher has to deal with unexpected situation.D、The teacher has to use more facial expressions.正确答案：C(3)、[单选题]The main difference between students in class and a theater audience is that________.A、students can move around in the classroom.B、students must keep silent while theater audience needn’t.C、no memory work is needed for the students.D、the students must take part in their teachers’plays.正确答案：D(4)、[单选题]A good teacher’s voice_________.A、should be clear and fully under his controlB、should not be too loud or too lowC、should be fixed before he goes to classD、all of the above正确答案：A(5)、[单选题]Why does a good teacher make gestures while speaking?A、To make his meaning clearer.B、To draw the attention of his classC、To express feelingsD、all of the above正确答案：D23、【阅读理解题】Passage TwoToday,as in every other day of the year,more than3000U.S.adolescents(青少年) will smoke their first cigarette on their way to becoming regular smokers as adults.During their lifetime,it can be expected that of these3000about23will be murdered,30will die in traffic accidents,and nearly750will be killed by a smoking-related disease.The number of deaths caused by cigarette smoking outweighs(超过)all other factors,as a main cause of death.Since the late1970s,when daily smoking among high school students reached30 percent,smoking rates among youth have decreased.While the decrease is impressive,several important issues must be raised.First,in the past several years,smoking rates among youth have decreased very little.Second,in the late1970s,smoking among male high school students exceeded(超过)that among female by nearly10percent.The statistic is reversing(相反的).Third,several recent studies have indicate high school dropouts(辍学生) have excessively high smoking rates,as much as75percent.Finally,though significant decrease in adolescent smoking has occurred in thepast decade,no definite reasons for the decrease exist.Within this context,the National Cancer Institute(NCI)began its current effort to determine the most effective measures to reduce smoking levels among youth.（10.0）(1)、[单选题]According to the author,the deaths among youth are mainly caused by _____.A、traffic accidentsB、smoking-related diseaseC、murderD、all of these正确答案：B(2)、[单选题]Every day there are over_____high school students who will become regular smoker.A、75B、23C、30D、3000正确答案：D(3)、[单选题]By"dropout"the author means______.A、students who failed the examinationB、students who left schoolC、students who lost their wayD、students who were driven out of school正确答案：B(4)、[单选题]The reason for decreasing adolescent smoking is that________.A、NCI has taken effective measuresB、smoking is not allowed among high school seniorsC、there are many smokers who have died of cancerD、none of these正确答案：D(5)、[单选题]What is implied but not stated by the author is that________.A、smoking rates among youth have declined very littleB、there are now more female than male smokers among high school seniorsC、high smoking rates are due to the increase in wealthD、smoking at high school are resulted from low social-economic backgrounds正确答案：B24、【阅读理解题】Passage ThreeSophia is very happy these days.The13-year-old girl from the UK has a lot of fun during her trip in Beijing.She eats dumplings,tries Chinese calligraphy(书法), climbs the Great Wall and speaks Chinese,all for the first time!She even stays with a Chinese family for a week.“Beijing is very big and beautiful.And the people here are very nice!”She says.Sophia comes with her teachers and classmates from the UK.The students in Shangdi Experimental Primary School of Haidian District receive them.These two schools are“Heart to Heart”schools.There are200“Heart to Heart”schools in Beijing.Each of them has a partner school in a foreign country.They meet and get to know each other.（10.0）(1)、[单选题]How old is Sophia?A、15B、14C、13D、11正确答案：C(2)、[单选题]How long did Sophia stay with a Chinese family?A、Two daysB、Seven daysC、A yearD、6months正确答案：B。
英语复习资料（全）
英语复习资料（全）英语期末考试复习文档一、作文（无）二、听力（三选一）三、阅读1、选词填空（15选10）（四选一）2、长篇阅读（四选一）3、仔细阅读（无）四、翻译（15选5）二、听力部分New 1-3Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 0’401. A）Islamist militants are still in control of the town. [iz'lɑ:mist] 伊斯兰教主义者；回教教徒；武装分子B）French forces have entered the town.C）Islamist militants are attacking the airport.D）French forces are going to land at the airport.2. A）To control Kidal airport. (基达尔, 奇达镇)B）To protect the capital Bamako. ['b?m?k?u]巴马科C）T o protect the town.D）To fight against Islamist militants.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 2’353. A) It didn't do enough to celebrate the 100th anniversary of WWI.B) It showed little respect to other European countries.C) It tended to focus on the crimes of WWI.D) It tried to deny the crimes committed by the Nazis.4. A) Indifferent.B) Opposed.C) Neutral.D) Numb.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 4’405. A）The income gap is widening in developed countries.B）Cancer cases are increasing dramatically.C）Unhealthy foods can increase the risk of cancer.D）Burden of cancer is shifting to poor countries.6. A）Most cancer patients were from poor regions.B）Cancer had a significant impact around the world.C）All sorts of cancers could be prevented.D）Rich people were more likely to have cancer.7. A）Drink more water.B）Be on a diet.C）Quit smoking.D）Do exercises.答案Section A (7分)1. B2. C3. A4. B5. D6. D7. CSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.French forces say they have entered Kidalin the north of Mali 马里（西非国家）, the last major town they have yet to secure in their drive against Islamistmilitants. French forces now control Kidal airport after a number of aircraft, including helicopters, landed there last night. Islamist militants were reported to have already left the town and it was unclear who was in charge. France—the former colonial power in Mali—launched a military operation this month after Islamist militants appeared to be threatening the south. French army spokesman confirms that "French troops were deployed部署overnight in Kidal". One regional security source told the Press that French aircraft had landed at Kidal and that protection helicopters are in the sky. Kidal, 930 miles north-eastof the capital Bamako ['b?m?k?u]巴马科, was until recently under the control of the Islamist militants.1. What is the situation now in Kidal according to the news?2. Why did the French launch the military operation?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.These days, German government has been criticized for not doing enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of World War I. Germany has spent less on events than some other European countries. And the events which have taken place have been seen as half-hearted by critics.Traditionally in Germany the First World War is overshadowed by the Second World War. History teaching in German schools tends to focus on the crimes of the Nazis rather than what happened a generation earlier. And since 1945 there's been a strong aversion in Germany to anything that might be seen as glorifying militarism. So many people here are uncomfortable with any anniversary of a war or a battle.There's still some disagreement among historians about who was responsible for World War I. But having spent the last 70 years making up for Nazi guilt, many Germans have little appetite to now take on the blame for the First World War, too.3. What makes the German government be criticized recently?4. What's the attitude of German people towards militarism?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.A recent research showed that the global burden of cancer is shifting dramatically. (6) Once considered a disease of the wealthy, it now has a significant impact in every region, and the greatest proportional increases in cases in the coming years are predicted to be in the poorest corners of the world (5). Worldwide, an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases were diagnosed in 2012 and 8.2 million cancer deaths.In an analysis that maps the world's hot spots for cancer, epidemiologist Lindsey Torre found cancer rates declining inhigh-income countries but rising in lower-income countries.(7) Better screening, early detection and access to treatment plus a decrease in risk factors like smoking probably explain part of the positive trend among the high-income countries.5. What is the main idea of the news?6. What did people think about cancer before this research?7. According to the news, what can possibly help reduce the risk of cancer?New 4-6Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 0’401. A ) Parks.B) Restaurants.C) Offices.D) Bars.2. A) Television producers.B) Hotel owners.C) Medical workers.D) Hospital management.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 2’403. A) A Russian cargo ship in danger.B) Icebergs in the Russian sea.C) A vessel's collision with a cargo ship.D) Severe weather of Russia's eastern coast.4. A) While it was fishing in a fishing area.B) Just before it left the port.C) When it was on the route to a fishing area.D) When it sailed back from a fishing area.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 4’205. A) It does not have to borrow money any more.B) It does not pay off the money.C) Its economy is becoming worse.D) Its unemployment is at its highest point.6. A) It is still 42% smaller.B) It is still 20% smaller.C) It is still 6% smaller.D) It is still 9% smaller.7. A) Euro's economy has an invulnerable growth.B) Foreign investment boosts its economy.C) The recession in the Euro zone has ended.D) The global economy is becoming better.答案Section A (7分)1. C2. B3. A4. C5. B6. D7. CSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.A tough anti-smoking law has taken effect in Spain. The ban, one of the strictest in Europe, outlaws smoking in all bars and restaurants. Smokers will also be prohibited on television broadcast, near hospitals, or in school playgrounds. The law tightens anti-smoking restrictions introduced in 2006. The anti-smoking rules introduced in 2006 outlawed smoking only in the workplace. It let bar andrestaurant owners choose whether or not to allow it. Most chose not to impose any ban. Only large restaurants and bars were obliged to provide a smoke-free area. Now hotel, restaurant, and bar owners have said they could face a ten percent drop in trade with the new rules. The industry has already seen a sharp fall in sales due to Spain's economic problems, but doctors argue the new legislation will help smokers give up.1. Where was smoking not allowed, according to the 2006 anti-smoking rules?2. According to the news, who are more likely to react negatively to the new law?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.A Russian cargo ship with about 30 crew members aboard was in danger of sinking off Russia's eastern coast while stormyweather interfered with rescue efforts, state-run Itar-Tass news agency said Friday. Ice had formed on the outside of the ship, and the crew was chipping it off. The crew sent out a distress signal, but there was no explanation of the problem. Because of the severe weather, aircraft can't be used to rescue the crew.According to Itar-T ass, the vessel is about 90 miles from an oil rig 钻油平台where rescue vessels are based, while a tugboat 拖船dispatched 派遣from land was still about four times farther away. The cargo ship had been on route to a fishing area when it experienced problems, the news agency reported. The ship hauls fish from boats to ports.3. What is news report mainly about?4. When did the cargo ship get into trouble?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.It is being called Ireland's exit from the emergency assistance. If all goes to plan, Ireland will receive no more financial assistance. It does not mean that the money has been paid off—that will take until 2042.Ireland will still need to borrow—and all the signs are that it will be able to do so in the financial markets at an affordable cost. The country's economy has shown signs of stabilization. It has grown, though unusually, and unemployment is down from its highs. But living standards have been hit—the economy is still 9% smaller than it was six years ago.This is an important stage in the Euro zone's financial repair effort. It certainly helps that the recession in the Euro zone has ended—that the economy of the region as a whole has started to grow again. But it is still vulnerable growth. Europe needs stronger performance to generate the tax revenue that could really help struggling governments get control of their borrowingneeds.5. What do we learn about Ireland from the news report?6. What's said about Ireland's economy compared with that of 6 years ago?7. What contributes to the Euro zone's financial repair according to the news?New 7-9Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1A.She is 17-year-old.B.She works in a hotel.C.Her legs got severely injured.D.Her job is a restaurant employee.2A.In early August.B.In late August.C.In early October.D.In late October.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 1’503A.Terrorist attacks.B.Political protests.C.Extreme weather.D.Heavy traffic jams.4A.Where matches take place.B.Where protests may take place.C.In downtown Vancouver.D.Around the athletes' village.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 3’555A.Electricity shortage.B.Food shortage.C.The heavy burden of studies.D.Overtime exposure to sunlight.6A.1 hour.B.2 hours.C.3 hours.D.2.5 hours.7A.Students in South East-Asia have great pressure in study.B.Genetic factors in visual impairment and blindness.C.Students in South East-Asia should spend more time outdoors.D.The reason why students in South East-Asia have pressure.答案1.D2.D3.B4.D5. C6.C7. CQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Four American teenagers, all children of U.S. military personnel, have been arrested on charges of attempted murder after a woman was knocked off her motorbike with rope strungacross two poles, Japanese police said. The four suspects—two 15-year-old boys, a 17-year-old girl and an 18-year old man—were taken into custody on Saturday, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department said. They are accused of causing a severe head injury to a 23-year-old girl who works at a restaurant by stringing a rope between poles across a road.U.S. forces in Japan was informed of the August incident in late October, a public information officer said. There was no clear explanation for the delay in the handover of the suspects to police, otherthan it involved rules between Washington and T okyo covering U.S. forces and their dependents in Japan. The U.S. military presence and its impact on Japanese residents have beena thorny issue over the years.1.What do we know about the victim?2.When did the U.S. forces in Japan know about the incident?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.An Olympics security plan five years in the making is taking shape in Vancouver this week. The Canadian Police is heading up the $900 million security operation, the largest in Canada's history. It will involve 15,000 police, private security and military personnel. The Winter Olympics will take place February 12th to 28th in 2010 in Vancouver. (3) Political protests may pose the biggest threat to the games. The threat of terrorist attack is rated as low. But the memory of the 1972 Munich Olympics has not gone away. That year, a terrorist group attacked the athletes' village, eventually killing 11 Israeli athletes and coaches. (4) It is no coincidence that in Vancouver security patrols are particularly evident around the low-rise apartment buildings, where the athletes will be housed. In downtown Vancouver some roads arealready closed, and rings of security fencing surround some key venues. What's more, 900 surveillance cameras will be put on top of fencing to detect dangers.3.What may be the biggest threat to the 2010 Winter Olympic Games?4.Where is the presence of security patrols most evident?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.The strong emphasis on educational achievement in South East-Asia may be coming at a heavy price.(5) Researchers say that hard work at school plus the lack of exposure to outdoor light is damaging the eyes of almost nine out of ten students—with one in five at serious risk of visual impairment and blindness. (6)The scientists say that young people need up to three hours a day of outdoor light, but many infants are also missing out as they nap during lunch time.The scientists say that genetic factors, long thought to play a big role in shortsightedness, are not as important as the environment. They point to Singapore as a place with several distinct ethnic groups, all of whom are now suffering high levels of shortsightedness.(7)The authors suggest that essential time outdoors should be considered by educational authorities across South-East Asia as a way of dealing with the problem.5.What accounts for the poor eyesight for many South East-Asian students?6.How long do the young people need to be exposed to outdoor light each day?7.What is the main idea of the news?短文1-2Passage OneQuestions 16-18 are based on the passage you have justheard.16. A) When someone has helped him.B) When someone has done harm to him.C) When someone in a shop has served him.D) When someone has given him a gift.17. A) He feels interested.B) He feels annoyed.C) He feels himself thanked.D) He feels comfortable.18. A) Empty thanks make Americans comfortable.B) Empty thanks make Americans less anxious to help you.C) It’s not necessary to tell an American that your English is not good enough.D) No one should apologize to an American for not being able to speak very good English. Passage Two 3’25Questions 19-21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) In the countryside.B) In America.C) In Western countries.D) In China.20. A) Because the dog can help him to fight other animals.B) Because the dog can frighten thieves.C) Because the dog can help him do things.D) Because the dog can play with him when he is alone.21. A) The dog would not eat if his master did not allow him to eat.B) Dogs are used for driving sheep.C) One of the reasons that people in towns still keep dogs is that dogs can be used to look after their children.D) A dog can be everybody’s friend.Section C (20分)16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D21. C 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. CPassage One“Thank you”means that you appreciate what someone has done for you, very often, very small and most ordinary things. So we in the West thank people all day long. For instance, you will thank the saleswoman after she has attended to you. You will say “Thank you”to the waitress when she brings you a cup of coffee. And a teacher will say “Thank you”to a student who has just answered the question. At home, the husband will thank the wife when she brings him a glass of water.However, too many expressions of gratitude give Westerners the sense of empty thanks, and make them uncomfortable. For example, if an American has spent half an hour helping you write some letters, you will, of course, want to say, “Thank you, I really appreciate your time.”That’s enough. If you go on and on with statements of thanks, and even add “I’m sorry to have wasted so much of your time”, he will feel himself not thanked but annoyed and will not be anxious to help you again. And if he gets really annoyed, he might say, “Well, if you really think that you are wasting my time, you had better stay out of my way.”There is also no need for you to apologize for your not being able to speak good English wherever you go and whomever you meet.The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.16. When doesn’t an American say “Thank you”?17. How does an American feel when he is thanked again and again?18. Which of the following is NOT true?Passage TwoIf you are in a Western country, you’ll often see people walking with their dogs. A dog is themost useful animal in the world, but the reason why one keeps a dog has changed.Once upon a time, a man met a dog and wanted it to help him in the fight against other animals, and he found that the dog listened to him and did what he told him to. Later people used dogs for the hunting of other animals, and the dogs did not eat what they got until their master agreed. So dogs were used for driving sheep and guarding chickens.Now the people in the town and cities do not need dogs to fight other animals. They keep them to frighten thieves. But the most important reason is that people feel lonely in the city. For a child, a dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play with. For a young wife, a dog is her child when she doesn’t have her own. For old people a dog is also a child when their real children have grown up and left. Now people do not have to use a dog, but they keep it as a friend, just like a member of the family.The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.19. Where can we see people walking with their dogs according to the article?20. Why does a child want to keep a dog?21. Which of the following is wrong?短文3-4Passage OneQuestions 16-18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) On the radio.B) From the manager.C) At the supermarket.D) From newspaper advertisement.17. A) To get a free basket of goods.B) To meet the manager.C) To get a free basket.D) To fill all her cupboards.18. A) The one who will be lucky.B) The one who has a cupboard full of useful things.C) The one who hopes to get free goods every day.D) The one who dreams to become a manager.Passage TwoQuestions 19-21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) British people.B) Greeks and Persians.C) Egyptians.D) Persians.20. A) They believed that the cat was a god.B) They showed their sadness for a long time.C) They shot arrows.D) They shaved their eyebrows off.21. A) They become even stronger.B) They look like pets.C) They are smaller with smaller brains.D) They weigh 9,000 kilograms.答案16. C 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. D21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. BPassage OneAll the housewives who went to the supermarket had one great ambition: to be the lucky customer who did not have to pay for the shopping. For this was what the notice just inside the entrance promised. It said: Remember, once a week, one of our customers gets free goods. This may be Your Lucky Day!For several weeks Mrs. Edwards hoped, like many of her friends, to be the lucky customer. Unlike her friends, she never gave up hope. The cupboards in her kitchen were full of things which she did not need. Her husband tried to advise her against buying things but failed. She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would approach her and say: “Madam, this is Your Lucky Day. Everything in your basket is free.”The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.16. Where did the housewives learn about the offer of free goods?17. What did Mrs. Edwards want very much to do?18. What kind of customer did Mrs. Edwards want to become?Passage TwoIt’s true that the British are a nation of animal lovers, but they are not the first people to be interested in cats, dogs and other creatures. Sometimes men can often be cruel, but sometimes men treat animals better than they treat other people.In ancient Egypt, people believed that the cat was a god. When a cat died, its owners showed their sadness by the strange habit of shaving their eyebrows off! But even 9,000 years ago, the Greeks and Persians had dogs as pets. However, when animals become pets, the result, after a number of generations, is a smaller animal with a smaller brain.The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.19. Who have the longest history of raising animals as their pets?20. What did ancient Egyptians do after their cats died?21. What will happen after animals have become pets for generations?短文5-6Passage FiveQuestions 16-18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16A.Four to six hours.B.Six to nine hours.C.Around eight hours.D.More than eight hours.17A.They may not be able to focus well.B.They may get the feeling of being drunk.C.They may lose much weight in a short period.D.They may suffer from high blood pressure.18A.Training can make people sleep less temporarily./doc/269469642.html,itary people are used to being deprived of sleep.C.People can bank sleep by sleeping more beforehand.D.Sleeping earlier than usual makes people sleep less.Passage SixQuestions 19-21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19A.Exposing skin to sunlight will certainly lead to skincancer.B.UV rays can help lower people's blood pressure.C.Heart attacks and stoke are linked to low blood pressure.D.Bathing in the sun helps build people's mental health.20A.Vitamin DB.UV rays.C.Body temperature.D.Blood pressure.21A.Heart rate.B.Vitamin D levels.C.Body temperature.D.Blood pressure.答案Section C (20分)16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. BPassage OneWe waste a third of our lives sleeping. When there doesn't seem to be enough hours in the day, you yearn to be like the former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who was said to get by on just four hours' sleep a night. There is a quite a range in the number of hours we like to sleep. 80% of us manage between six and nine hours a night; the other 20% sleep more or less than this.There is plenty of evidence that a lack of sleep has an adverse effect. We do not simply adjust to it—in the short-term it reduces our concentration, and if it's extreme it makes us confused and distressed, and turns us into such poor drivers of being drunk.The long-term effects are even more worrying. Repeatedly getting less sleep than you need over the course of decades is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and heart diseases.But while it might not be possible to train yourself to sleep less, researchers working with the military have found that you can bank sleep beforehand if you plan well in advance. At the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research they had people go to bed a couple of hours earlier than usual every night for a week. When they were subsequently deprived of sleep they didn't suffer as much as the people who hadn't had the chance to bank sleep in advance.16. How much time do most people usually sleep every night?17. What could happen if people didn't get enough sleep fora long time?18. What do the researchers find about the military?Passage TwoThe health benefits of exposing skin to sunlight may far outweigh the risk of developing skin cancer, according to scientists. Edinburgh University research suggests sunlight helps reduce blood pressure, cutting heart attack and stroke risks and even prolonging life. UV rays were found to release a compound which lowers blood pressure. Researchers said more studies would be carried out to determine if it is time to reconsider advice on skin exposure. Heart disease and stroke linked to high blood pressure are estimated to lead to about 80-times more deaths than those from skin cancer in the UK. Production of the pressure reducing compound is separate from the body's manufacture of vitamin D, which rises after exposure to sunshine. Researchers said that until now vitamin D had been thought tosolely explain the sun's benefit to human health.During the research, researchers studied the blood pressure of 24 volunteers under UV and heat lamps. In one session, the volunteers were exposed to both the UV rays and the heat of the lamps. In the other, the UV rays were blocked so that only the heat of the lamps affected the skin. The results showed that blood pressure dropped significantly for one hour following exposure to UV rays, but not after the heat-only sessions. Scientists said that this suggested it was the sun's UV rays that lead to health benefits. The volunteers' vitamin D levels remained unaffected in both sessions. The study will be presented in Edinburgh at the world's largest gathering of skin experts.23. What can be learned from Edinburgh University's research?24. What was thought to be the only element to explain sun9s benefit to human health?25. Which element is said to be unaffected in the research?三、阅读部分1、选词填空（15选10）（四选一）1、第三册第1单元12-13段I suspect not everybody who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don?t entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.The other requirement is energy-a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead。
英语词汇学总结复习资料
大家请注意：笔记中大多数是以名词解释的形式出现的，这些是绝对的基础，应该一字不漏的背下来。
其实不少简答题也就是几个定义的汇总，再加上个例子就可以拿满分了。
区分两个词的区别，主要还是指明其各自的定义。
第一章Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary1. 词的定义Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.2.声音与意义的关系There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. “woman” means ’Frau’ in German，’Femme’ in French and ’Funv ’in Chinese. On the other hand，the same sound /rait/ can mean right，rite and write，though denoting different things，yet have the same sound.3.读音与拼写不一致的原因The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors.（At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns）a）. the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language.b）. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spellingc）. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500d）. Borrowing of foreign language4. 词汇的含义Vocabulary —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect，a given book，a given displine and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history.The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words.5.词汇的分类的原则Classification of Words—by use frequency，by notion，by originthe English vocabulary consist of words of all kinds. they can be classified by different criteria and for different purpose . words may fall into the word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency, into content words and functional words by notion , and into native words and borrowed words by origin.基本词汇的特点1）. Basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary.1.all national character （most important）– natural phenomenamost common things and phenomena of the human body and relationsworld around us names of plants and animals action，size，domain，state numerals，pronouns，prep. ，conj.2. stability– they donate the commonest thing necessary to life，they are like to remain unchanged. Only relative，some are undergoing some changes. But the change is slow.e.g. arrow，bow，chariot，knight – past electricity，machine，car，plane —— now3.productivity– they are mostly root words or monosyllabic words，they can form new words with other roots and affixes.e.g. foot – football，footage，footpath，footer4.polysemy – often possess more than one meaning. Become polysemous.e.g. take to move or carry from one place to another to remove5.collocability– quite a number of set expressions，idiomatic usages，proverbial saying and others基本词汇在英语中的地位和重要性The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language .though words of the basic word stock constitute a small percentage of the English vocabulary ,yet it is the most important part of it .e.g. heart – a change of heart， a heart of goldNon-basic vocabulary ——(例子)1. terminology – technical terms used in particular disciplines and academic areas as in medicinephotoscanning，hepatitis，indigestion，penicillin，algebra，trigonometry，calculus2. jargon– specialized vocabulary in certain professions.Bottom line，ballpark figures，bargaining chips，hold him back，hold him in，paranoid3. slang—— substandard words often used in informal occasionsdough and bread，grass and pot，beaver，smoky，bear，catch，holler，Roger，X-rays，Certain words are labeled slang because of their usage.4. argot – words used by sub-cultured groupscan-opener，dip，persuader cant，jargon ，argot are associated with，or most available to，specific groups of the population.5. dialectal words– only by speakers of the dialectbeauty，chook，cocky，station，auld，build，coo，hame，lough，bog6. archaisms – words no longer in common use or restricted in use. In older poems，legal document and religious writing or speech.7. neologism– newly created words with new meaning e.g. microelectronics，futurology，AIDS，internet，E-mailold meaning acquired new meaning e.g. mouse，monitor2）. Content word （notional word）– denote clear notions.Functional word （empty word，form word）– do not have notions of their own，express the relation between notions，words and sentences.a. Content words constitute the main body of the English vocabulary are numerous.Functional words are in a small number.b. Content words are growing.Functional words remain stable.c. Functional words do far more work of expression than content words.3）. Native words – are words brought to Britain in the 15 century by the German tribes. Ango-Saxon Words，50，000-60，000What is true of the basic word stock is also true of native world. More are1. neutral in style （not stylistical specific ）2. 2.frequent in use （in academic fields and science French，Latin or Greek are used）（usage 70-90%）Borrowed words （loan words，borrowing）– words taken over from foreign language. 80%本族语词在英语中的地位和重要性Native words form the mainstream of the basic word stock and stand at the core of the language .therefore , what is true of the basic word stock is also true of native words.According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing，we can bring the loan words under 4 classes.1.Denizen s– words borrowed early and now are well assimilated into English language.e.g. port from portus（L）shift，change，shirt，pork cup from cuppa（L）2.Aliens– retained their original pronunciation and spellinge.g. décor（F）blitzkreeg（G）emir，intermez，rowtow，bazaar，rajar，status quo3.translation loans– formed from the existing material in the English language but modeled on the patterns taken from another language.1）. Word translated according to the meaninge.g. mother tough from lingua maternal（L）black humor from humor noir long time no see，surplus value，master piece2）. Words translated according to the sounde.g. kulak from kyrak（Russ）lama from lama（Tib）ketchup tea4. Semantic loans– their meaning are borrowed from another languagee.g. stupid old dump new sassy dream old joy and peace pioneer old explorer/person doing pioneering work new a member of the young pioneer fresh old impertinent，sassy，cheeky 第二章The Development of the English1、Indo-European language family （Europe，the Near East，India）It can be grouped into an Eastern set :Balto –Slavic 、Indo-Iranian、Armenian and Albanian; a Western set: Celtic、Italic 、Hellenic、GermanicIn the Eastern set , Armenian and Albanian are each the only modern language respectively,the Balto –Slavic comprises such modern language such as Prussian、Lithuanian、Polish、Czech、Bulgarian、Slovenian、Russian. In the Indo-Iranian we have Persian, Bengali, Hindi, Romany, the last three of which are derived from the dead language Sanskrit.In the Western set, Greek is the modern language derived from Hellenic. In the Celtic,we find Scottish, Irish,Welsh, Breton. the five Romance language ,namely, Portuguese,Spanish, French, Italian, Roumanian all belong to the Italic through an intermediate language called Latin. The Germanic family consist of the four Northern European language :Norwegian, Icelandic, Danish and Swedish, which are generally known as Scandinavian languages. Then there is German, Dutch, Flemish and English.2、History （时间，历史事件，特征）1）Old English （450-1150）totally 50，000-60，000 wordsThe 1st people known to inhabit England were Celts，the language was Celtic.The second language was the Latin of the Roman Legions. The Germanic tribes called angles，Saxons and Jutes and their language，Anglo-Saxon dominated and blotted out the Celtic. Now people refer to Anglo-Saxon as old English. At the end of 6th century，the introduction of Christianity has a great impact on the English vocabulary. The common practice was to create new words by combining two native words. In the 9th century，many Scandinavian words came into English. At least 900 words of Scandinavian are in modern English，our daily life and speech.特点：highly inflected language///complex endings or vowel changes （full ending）2）Middle English （1150-1500）English，Latin，FrenchUntil 1066，although there were borrowings from Latin，the influence on English was mainly Germanic. But the Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English.By the end of the 13th century，English gradually come back into public areas.Between 1250 and 150 about 9000 words of French origin pouered into English. 75% of them are till in use today.As many as 2500 words of Dutch origin come into English.特点：fewer inflections leveled ending3）Modern English （1500-up to now）early modern English （1500-1700）late modern English（1700-up to now）The Renaissance(the early period)，Latin and Greek were recognized as the languages of the West ern world’s great literary heritage.From the 1500’s through the 1700’s ,many writers experimented with words. Over 10000 new words entered the English language .many of these were taken from Latin and Greek .The Industrial Revolution was in the mid-17 century. With the growth of colonization，British tentacles began a stretching out of to every corner of the globe，thus enabling English to absorb words from all major languages of the world.After World War II，many new words have been created to express new ideas，inventions and scientific achievements.More words are created by means of word-formation.thousands and thousands of new words have been entered to express new ideas inventions，and scientific achievements.more words are created by means of word-formation.in modern English，word endings were mostly lost with just a few exceptions English has evolved from a synthetic language to the present analytic language.science and technology terms make up about 45% of new words. words associated with life-style constitute of 24% and social and economic terms amount to over 10% .mention should be made of an opposite process of development i.e. old words falling out if use.特点：ending are almost lost.3. Three main sources new words当代英语词汇发展的现状New words sweep in at a rate much faster than at any other historical period of time .词汇发展的主要原因1).The rapid development of modern science and technology2).Social: economic and political changes3).The influence of other cultures and languages4. Three modes of vocabulary development（英语发展的三个主要方式：创造新词、旧词新意、借用外来语词）1. Creation – the formation of new words by using the existing materials，namely roots，affixes and other elements. （This is the most important way of vocabulary expansion.）2. Semantic change - an old form which take on a new meaning to meet the new need.3. Borrowing – to take in words from other languages.（played a vital role in the development of vocabulary , particularly in earlier times）4. （Reviving archaic or obsolete）French 30%，Latin 8%，Japanese Italian 7%，Spanish 6%，German Greek 5%，Russian Yiddish 4%第三章Word Formation*1. Morpheme(词素) ——A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. （The smallest functional unit in the composition of words.）*2.Morph——A morpheme must be realized by discrete units. These actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning are morphs.3.Monomorphenic words– morphemes are realized by single morphs.4.Allomorph（词素变体）——Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to their position. Such alternative morphs are allomorphemes. E.g. the morpheme of plurality （-s）has a number if allomorphemes in different sound context，e.g. in cats/s/，in bags/z/，in matches/iz/.5. Free morphemes or Free root —— The morphemes have complete meaning and van be used as free grammatical units in sentences，e.g. cat，walk. They are identical with root words. morphemes which are independent of other morphemes are considered to be free.6.Bound Morphemes——The morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morphemes to form words，e.g. recollection （re+collect+ion）collect – free morpheme re-and –ion are bound morphemes. （include bound root and affix）Bound morphemes are found in derived words.7.Bound root —— A bound root is that part of the word that carries the fundamental meaning just like a free root. Unlike a free root，it is a bound form and has to combine with other morphemes to make words. Take -dict- for example：it conveys the meaning of “say or speak” as a Latin root，but not as a word. With the prefix pre-（=before）we obtain the verb predict meaning “tell beforehand”。
英语复习资料
英语复习资料I. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.选择填空。
每题1分，共20题复习范围：Test yourself units 1-5 P123-125 第41题至70题；Test yourself units 6-10 P263-P265 第36题至65题，题序为单号的题目。
41. Eyes play an important role in body balance and it is important to A as much information from the environment aspossible. A absorb B involve C invent D conquer43. Whatever one has planned to do is D to be altered in the process.A prohibitedB eagerC embarrassedD pound45. If your child is spending too much time on computer games, think carefully about how you are going to C the situation.A accomplishB arrangeC handleD decrease47. She fell asleep at last, but in no time at all the pain in her back B her again, sharp and insistent.A conqueredB wakenedC absorbedD retired49.Early in the morning, I was B out of bed to repair a minor fault on the car.A distractedB draggedC wakenedD assigned51. You should make sure you know where the parents can be D , and that they have given you all the information you are likely to need about the child.A connectedB communicatedC committedD contacted53.On one A ,they locked her in the car when they went to a call and wound up the window to prevent her overhearing.A occasionB campusC voyageD basis55.If you wish, we can C for your luggage to be sent on ahead to each of the overnight stops.A memorizeB contractC arrangeD commit57.The boy A turned the TV off as the clock struck ten , time for him to go to bed .A reluctantlyB disappointedlyC fortunatelyD undoubtedly59. I started to read newspapers and magazines more, and, for just about the first time in my life, I began to take an interest in B affairs.A personalB currentC ancientD social61.I'd like to A that students should be allowed more time for independent study.A proposeB commandC arrangeD steer63.On a B day, our professor works in the lab from 9A.M.to 11 P.M.A followingB typicalC previousD diligent65.He might as well have picked a family A out of the telephone book and stayed with them.A at randomB at a timeC after allD in detail67.The books are beautifully A with drawings and photographs.A illustratedB designedC writtenD covered69.A sign at our local church is in wood , with gold lettering , but the B is already fading after three years .A productB latterC laterD medal37.I remember Chapman was A when I told him we might make a million dollars a year.A amazedB exclaimedC shockedD stunned39.Drinking a cup of hot water should help to D the pain in the short term, but, if it persists, you should see a doctor assoon as possible.A fortifyB shiftC wrapD relieve41.A personal friend of an artist may have a real A in writing criticism, as he may learn about the artistic intentionswhich are not explained to others.A advantageB observationC backgroundD privacy43.But it is D that publishers, to stay in business, need to bring out a large number of titles every year.A spontaneousB boringC elementaryD evident45. If you don't read, then D you will forget how to read.A mysteriouslyB unfortunatelyC positivelyD eventually47.The overall length of gas pipeline was planned to reach 300,000km—enough to B to the moon and back .A hoverB stretchC limpD expose49.Mr. Trump would not B details of his plan for a new factory to make mobile phones in China.A exposeB revealC indicateD enclose51. As anyone who has B an accident will tell you, the apparent security of cars is deceptive.A sampledB survivedC vanishedD scraped53.In a small enterprise or department, management by inertia is a B disease.A currentB deadlyC radicalD typical55. Henry A into a table and landed heavily on the floor and had to be helped to his feet by friends.A crashedB proceededC retreatedD limped57. Donald McIntyre was arrested by the police on suspicion of being connected in the D disappearance of a man.A evidentB ancientC criticalD mysterious59.The fight lasted but a few minutes, when the enemy soldiers B before us for twelve miles.A vanishedB retreatedC approachedD proceeded61. However, promotion is not always easy to achieve, as I C when I first returned to work in 1977 after my degree course.A turned outB acted outC found outD sought out63. In the department store one sales assistant stopped short of calling me stupid when I said that a certain guitar wasn't to myB and a bit cheap-looking .A astonishmentB tasteC delightD knowledge65.At 6.30 a. m. next morning the train A Central Station, Glasgow.A pulled intoB came downC laid outD sought outII. Match the words or phrases in Column A with the explanations in Column B. 将A栏中的单词或词组与B栏中的解释配对。
(完整版)英语语法复习资料大全
语法复习精品指南（十二）过去一般时的形式l)概说过去一般时由规则或不规则动词的过去式表示；除be外，其余动词没有人称和数的变化。
各种动词的否定结构和一般疑问结构，与现在一般时的否定结构和一般疑问结构相同。
2)动词be 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was，其余用were。
3)动词have 一律用had，没有人称和数的变化。
4)行为动词一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化。
现将过去一般时在肯定、否定、一般疑问和简略答语等四种结构。
过去一般时的用法l)表示过去的动作或状态常带有如yesterday，two、days ago，last week，in l958等时间状语以及由when等连词引导的时间状语从句。
如：We had a good swim last Sunday.我们上星期天游泳游得真痛快。
She suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天她突然病倒。
2)叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。
如：He got up early in the morning，fetched water，swept the yard and then went out to work.他早上起得很早，打水，扫院，然后出去劳动。
3)也可以表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。
如：When my brother was a teenager，he played table tennis almost everyday.我弟弟十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。
[注] 表示过去经常的或反复的动作，也可以用would加动词原形或用used to加动词原形。
如：When he was a child he would go skating every winter.在他还是个孩子时，每年冬天都去滑冰。
Mr. Higgins used to have a big house in downtown.黑根斯先生在市区曾经有座大房子。
江苏高考英语复习资料
江苏高考英语复习资料高考作为一次人生重要的考试，对于学生来说，备考工作是必不可少的。
其中，复习资料的选择是影响备考效果的关键之一。
本文将介绍一些适合江苏高考英语复习的资料。
一、教辅书籍教辅书籍是复习中必不可少的资源。
针对江苏高考英语考试，推荐以下几本教辅书籍：1.《高中英语全能教学与测试版》（浙江人民出版社）该书分为教学版和测试版两部分，内容涵盖高中英语知识点和应试技巧。
教学版内容具有扎实性和全面性，可以帮助考生系统复习，测试版则针对考点进行针对性练习，帮助考生提高应试能力。
2.《高考英语备考全程突击》（人民邮电出版社）该书内容涵盖高考英语的语法、词汇、阅读等知识点，并提供真题试题和模拟测试题。
书中还有备考指导和心理调适的内容，对于备考压力较大的考生，也会有所帮助。
3.《高中英语备考指南》（上海交通大学出版社）该书主要面向高中英语学科考试，结合所涉及的知识点和考试形式，重点讲解高考英语试题类型和考试技巧。
书中还配备有同步词汇题库、同步语法题库和高考英语模拟试卷，可以让考生系统复习。
二、网络资源除了教辅书籍外，网络资源也是备考中的重要资源。
江苏高考英语备考，推荐以下几种网络资源：1.网课网络课程可以帮助考生系统复习英语知识点，并提供全程指导。
对于时间有限或需要轻松自学的考生来说，网课是不错的选择。
例如，在 MOOC（大规模开放在线课程）网站 Coursera 上就可以找到高中英语课程的讲解，而在很多学科类公众号或网站上也可以找到讲解高考英语知识点的视频。
2.博客和微信公众号一些富有经验的英语老师、高分考生会在博客和微信公众号上分享学习英语的心得和技巧。
例如，在微信公众号“英语助手”上就可以找到很多实用的阅读技巧和听力练习，网站“沪江英语”则提供了完整的词汇和语法知识点讲解。
三、真题汇总对于备考高考英语的考生来说，真题汇总也是必不可少的资源。
可以通过上网下载或购买真题卷纸质版，进行练习。
同时，也可以通过付费的在线真题库进行练习。
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小六英语复习资料 一:学生易错词汇 1. a, an的选择: 元音字母开头的单词用an,辅音字母开头的单词用a. 2. 单数用is , 复数用are. I 用 am , you 用 are，is连着他她它（he,she,it) 3. have , has 的选择: 表示某人有某物.单数用has , 复数用have. 4. there is, there are 有.就近原则。 5. some, any 的选择:肯定句用some, 疑问句和否定句用any. 6. 疑问词的选择:what (什么) who (谁) where (哪里) whose (谁的) why(为什么)when(什么时候)which(哪一个)how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少钱) 二:形容词比较级详解 当我们需要对事物作出比较时,需要用到比较级.比较级的句子结构通常是: A + 动词be (am , is , are ) + 形容词比较级 + than(比)+ B ,如:
I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.) An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.) 形容词的比较级是在形容词的基础上变化而来的,它的变化规则是: ① 一般的直接在词尾加er ,如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , ② 以e结尾的,直接加r ,如 fine – finer , ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i再加er,如funny - funnier ④ 双写最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter ☆注意☆ 比较的两者应该是互相对应的可比较的东西. 典型错误:My hair is longer than you.(我的头发比你更长.) 比较的两者是我的头发,你(整个人),那么比较的对象就没有可比性. 应该改为:My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longer than your hair. 比较级专项练习: 一,从方框中选出合适的单词完成句子 heavy tall long big (1) How is the Yellow River (2) How is Mr Green He's 175cm. (3) How are your feet I wear size 18. (4)How is the fish It's 2kg. 二,根据句意写出所缺的单词 (1) I'm 12 years old. You're 14. I'm than you. (2) A rabbit's tail is than a monkey's tail. (3) An elephant is than a pig. (4) A lake is than a sea. (5) A basketball is than a football. 三,根据中文完成句子. (1) 我比我的弟弟大三岁. I'm than my brother. (2) 这棵树要比那棵树高. This tree than that one. (3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he. (4) 谁比你重 than you 三:动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有: A,规则动词 ① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited ② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used ③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类) ④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped B,不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was , are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt 四:动词现在分词详解 动词的ing形式的构成规则: ① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating ② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing ③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting 五:人称和数 人称代词 物主代词 主格 宾格 第一人称单数 I(我) my(我的) I(我) me 复数we(我们) our(我们的) we us
第二人称单数you(你) your(你的) you you(你) 复数you(你们) your(你的) you(你们)
第三人称单数 he(他) his(他的) he him she(她) her(她的) she her
it(它) its(它的) it it(它) 复数 they(他们/她们/它们) their(他们的/她们的/它们的) they them
六:句型专项归类 肯定句:是指用肯定的语气来陈述的句子,如:I'm a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are four fans in our classroom. He will eat lunch at 12:00. I watched TV yesterday evening. 2,否定句:含有否定词或表示否定意义词的句子,如:I'm not a student. She is not (isn't) a doctor. He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital. There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.
He will not (won't) eat lunch at 12:00. I did not (didn't) watch TV yesterday evening. ☆注意☆ 小结:否定句主要是在肯定句的基础上加上了否定词 "not".有动词be的句子则"not"加在be后面,可缩写成"isn't,aren't",但am not 一般都分开写.没有动词be的句子则要先在主要动词的前面加上一个助动词(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",你也可以把它们缩写在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).这三个助动词要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语
是什么人称和数,都用"did" . 3,一般疑问句:是指询问事实的句子,此类句子必须用"yes",或"no"来回答. 如:Are you a student Yes, I am / No, I'm not. Is she a doctor Yes, she is. / No, she isn't. Does he work in a hospital Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. Are there four fans in our classroom Yes, there are. / No, there aren't. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we aren't.)
Will he eat lunch at 12:00 Yes, I will. / No, I will not(won't). Are they swimming Yes, they are. / No, they aren't. Did you watch TV yesterday evening Yes, I did. / No, I didn't. ☆注意☆ 小结:一般疑问句是在肯定句的基础上, ①把动词be调到首位,其他照写,末尾标点符号变成问号即可. ②没有动词be的句子则要在句首加上一个助动词(do,does,did)再把紧跟在后面的动词变回原形,末尾标点符号变成问号即可. 这三个助动词也要根据人称和时态来选择,其中"does"只用于一般现在时主语是第三人称单数的情况,而"did"只用于一般过去时,不论主语是什么人称和数,都用"did" .一般疑问句有个重要的原则就是问和答要一致,即问句里的第一个单词(助动词)和简略答句里的这个词是一致的. 4,特殊疑问句:以特殊疑问词(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)开头引导的句子.此类句子应该问什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"来回答.如: What is this It's a computer. What does he do He's a doctor. Where are you going I'm going to Beijing. Who played football with you yesterday afternoon Mike. Which season do you like best Summer. When do you usually get up I usually get up at 6:30. Whose skirt is this It's Amy's. Why do you like spring best Because I can plant trees. How are you I'm fine. / I'm happy. How did you go to Xinjiang I went to Xinjiang by train. ☆其中how又可以和其他一些形容词连用组成特殊疑问词组用来提问,如: how many(多少(数量)), how much(多少(钱)), how tall(多高), how long(多长), how big(多大), how heavy(多重) 例句:How many pencils do you have I have three pencils. How many girls can you see I can see four girls. How many desks are there in your classroom There are 51. ☆小结:how many 用来提问可数名词的数量,主要有以上三种句式搭配, How many + 名词复数 + do you have 你有多少…… How many + 名词复数 + can you see 你能看见多少…… How many + 名词复数 + are there… 有多少…… 七:完全,缩略形式: I'm=I am he's=he is she's=she is they're=they are you're=you are there's=there is they're=they are can't=can not don't=do not doesn't=does not isn't=is not aren't=are not let's=let us won't=will not I'll=I will wasn't=was not 总结:通常情况下,'m即am,'s即is(但 let's=let us), 're即are ,n't即not (但can't=can not) 八:与字母相关的题型 ( 注:五个元音字母是 Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu ) 一.将所给字母的大小写写在四线格上 Hh Rr Xx Gg Mm Uu Zz Ff Qq Ii