英语复习资料(全套)
初三英语复习资料(全套)
初三系列复习资料代词考点集汇，讲解和训练代词【考点直击】1. 人称代词主格、宾格形式及其主要用法；2 常见不定代词的一般用法；3 反身代词的形式、意义及其主要用法； 4. 关系代词的基本用法5. 相互代词的基本用法；6. 疑问代词的基本用法。
7. 名词性物主代词与形容词性物主代词的形式、区别及其主要用法；8. 指示代词的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法【名师点睛】代词是代替名词、形容词和数词的词。
按其意义、特征及其在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、不定代词和关系代词等。
一. 人称代词 1.人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示。
2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。
通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。
如：I like table tennis. （作主语）Do you know him?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。
作表语时用宾格。
如：---Whos is knocking at the door? ---It’s me.4.人称代词在than之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。
如：He is older than me. | He is older than I am.二. 物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。
2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。
例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.3. 名词性物主代词的作用相当于名词，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。
Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）--- Is this English-book yours? （作表语）--- No. Mine is in my bag.I've already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）三. 指示代词指示代词包括：this，that，these，those。
英语六级复习资料（完整版）
英语六级复习资料（完整版）英语六级复习资料（完整版）1）先背3个句子1 Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are commonly and widely used in everyday life.(讲重要性)2 The popularity of digital …will have great influence on our work, study and everyday life. On the one hand …, But on the other hand.（讲影响）3To conclude, …..are just like a double-edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a better-off life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them.（结尾段）Ps:灵活运用第1句和第2句，根据不同模板自由组合。
2）模板（2个模板）1 开头段：先讲重要性，然后转讲不好的地方。
中间段：措施结尾段：先来个小转折再进入总结开头段Nowadays with the rapid development of advanced ……., more and more….. are commonly and widely used in everyday life. However, what worries most of us is that……中间段Firstly….Secondly…/doc/c618802657.html,stly but in no means least……结尾段T o conclude, …..are just like a double-edged sword. With them we may have less trouble dealing with problems in life and enjoy a better-off life. However, one point should be kept in mind that we should take sensible use of them , always being the master of them.2 开头段：先讲重要性，然后转讲争论中间段：转折(即列出两种不同人的观点)结尾段：直接进入总结（即你的观点）开头段：It is accepted that …. Plays a significant part for both …, and what’s more , a lot of attention is being drawn to the change of….. However, whether …deserves such an attention , people’s ideas vary.中间段：On the one hand, some peop le hold the view that …..On the other hand, a great many people insist that….结尾段：From my perspective, however…. (你的观点) . Therefore, it’s time that (措施之类的)6级作文万能句子（补充在”…..”里面的万能句子，自己琢磨每个句子放在哪里比较适合）重点背：1）5）6）7）句子，最好全部都被过一遍，自己琢磨怎么用。
英文资料(完整版)
英文资料(完整版)第一部分：引言随着全球化的不断推进，英文作为国际通用语言，其重要性日益凸显。
无论是在学术研究、商业交流还是日常生活中，掌握英语都已成为一种基本能力。
本资料旨在为读者提供一份全面、系统的英文学习指南，涵盖词汇、语法、阅读、写作、听力、口语等多个方面，帮助读者全面提升英语水平。
第二部分：词汇词汇是语言的基础，掌握丰富的词汇量是提高英语水平的关键。
本部分将介绍词汇学习的策略和方法，包括记忆技巧、词汇拓展、同义词辨析等。
同时，还将提供大量的词汇练习，帮助读者巩固所学知识。
第三部分：语法语法是语言的规则，掌握语法是正确表达思想的前提。
本部分将详细介绍英语语法的基本规则，包括时态、语态、句型结构等。
通过大量的语法练习，读者可以更好地理解和运用英语语法。
第四部分：阅读阅读是获取信息、提高语言能力的重要途径。
本部分将介绍阅读技巧和方法，包括快速阅读、精读、理解文章主旨和细节等。
同时，还将提供大量的阅读材料，涵盖不同领域和题材，帮助读者提高阅读能力。
第五部分：写作写作是表达思想、交流观点的重要方式。
本部分将介绍写作技巧和方法，包括文章结构、段落展开、句子构建等。
同时，还将提供大量的写作练习，帮助读者提高写作能力。
第六部分：听力听力是语言输入的重要方式，提高听力能力对于理解英语口语和听力材料至关重要。
本部分将介绍听力技巧和方法，包括预测、笔记、理解主旨和细节等。
同时，还将提供大量的听力材料，帮助读者提高听力能力。
第七部分：口语口语是语言输出的重要方式，提高口语能力对于流利地表达思想至关重要。
本部分将介绍口语技巧和方法，包括发音、语调、词汇运用等。
同时，还将提供大量的口语练习，帮助读者提高口语能力。
本资料涵盖了英语学习的各个方面，旨在为读者提供一份全面、系统的英文学习指南。
通过本资料的学习，读者可以全面提升英语水平，更好地应对各种英语学习和应用场景。
英文资料(完整版)第一部分：引言随着全球化的不断推进，英文作为国际通用语言，其重要性日益凸显。
英语复习资料（全）
英语复习资料（全）英语期末考试复习文档一、作文（无）二、听力（三选一）三、阅读1、选词填空（15选10）（四选一）2、长篇阅读（四选一）3、仔细阅读（无）四、翻译（15选5）二、听力部分New 1-3Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 0’401. A）Islamist militants are still in control of the town. [iz'lɑ:mist] 伊斯兰教主义者；回教教徒；武装分子B）French forces have entered the town.C）Islamist militants are attacking the airport.D）French forces are going to land at the airport.2. A）To control Kidal airport. (基达尔, 奇达镇)B）To protect the capital Bamako. ['b?m?k?u]巴马科C）T o protect the town.D）To fight against Islamist militants.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 2’353. A) It didn't do enough to celebrate the 100th anniversary of WWI.B) It showed little respect to other European countries.C) It tended to focus on the crimes of WWI.D) It tried to deny the crimes committed by the Nazis.4. A) Indifferent.B) Opposed.C) Neutral.D) Numb.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 4’405. A）The income gap is widening in developed countries.B）Cancer cases are increasing dramatically.C）Unhealthy foods can increase the risk of cancer.D）Burden of cancer is shifting to poor countries.6. A）Most cancer patients were from poor regions.B）Cancer had a significant impact around the world.C）All sorts of cancers could be prevented.D）Rich people were more likely to have cancer.7. A）Drink more water.B）Be on a diet.C）Quit smoking.D）Do exercises.答案Section A (7分)1. B2. C3. A4. B5. D6. D7. CSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.French forces say they have entered Kidalin the north of Mali 马里（西非国家）, the last major town they have yet to secure in their drive against Islamistmilitants. French forces now control Kidal airport after a number of aircraft, including helicopters, landed there last night. Islamist militants were reported to have already left the town and it was unclear who was in charge. France—the former colonial power in Mali—launched a military operation this month after Islamist militants appeared to be threatening the south. French army spokesman confirms that "French troops were deployed部署overnight in Kidal". One regional security source told the Press that French aircraft had landed at Kidal and that protection helicopters are in the sky. Kidal, 930 miles north-eastof the capital Bamako ['b?m?k?u]巴马科, was until recently under the control of the Islamist militants.1. What is the situation now in Kidal according to the news?2. Why did the French launch the military operation?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.These days, German government has been criticized for not doing enough to commemorate the 100th anniversary of World War I. Germany has spent less on events than some other European countries. And the events which have taken place have been seen as half-hearted by critics.Traditionally in Germany the First World War is overshadowed by the Second World War. History teaching in German schools tends to focus on the crimes of the Nazis rather than what happened a generation earlier. And since 1945 there's been a strong aversion in Germany to anything that might be seen as glorifying militarism. So many people here are uncomfortable with any anniversary of a war or a battle.There's still some disagreement among historians about who was responsible for World War I. But having spent the last 70 years making up for Nazi guilt, many Germans have little appetite to now take on the blame for the First World War, too.3. What makes the German government be criticized recently?4. What's the attitude of German people towards militarism?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.A recent research showed that the global burden of cancer is shifting dramatically. (6) Once considered a disease of the wealthy, it now has a significant impact in every region, and the greatest proportional increases in cases in the coming years are predicted to be in the poorest corners of the world (5). Worldwide, an estimated 14.1 million new cancer cases were diagnosed in 2012 and 8.2 million cancer deaths.In an analysis that maps the world's hot spots for cancer, epidemiologist Lindsey Torre found cancer rates declining inhigh-income countries but rising in lower-income countries.(7) Better screening, early detection and access to treatment plus a decrease in risk factors like smoking probably explain part of the positive trend among the high-income countries.5. What is the main idea of the news?6. What did people think about cancer before this research?7. According to the news, what can possibly help reduce the risk of cancer?New 4-6Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item. 0’401. A ) Parks.B) Restaurants.C) Offices.D) Bars.2. A) Television producers.B) Hotel owners.C) Medical workers.D) Hospital management.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 2’403. A) A Russian cargo ship in danger.B) Icebergs in the Russian sea.C) A vessel's collision with a cargo ship.D) Severe weather of Russia's eastern coast.4. A) While it was fishing in a fishing area.B) Just before it left the port.C) When it was on the route to a fishing area.D) When it sailed back from a fishing area.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 4’205. A) It does not have to borrow money any more.B) It does not pay off the money.C) Its economy is becoming worse.D) Its unemployment is at its highest point.6. A) It is still 42% smaller.B) It is still 20% smaller.C) It is still 6% smaller.D) It is still 9% smaller.7. A) Euro's economy has an invulnerable growth.B) Foreign investment boosts its economy.C) The recession in the Euro zone has ended.D) The global economy is becoming better.答案Section A (7分)1. C2. B3. A4. C5. B6. D7. CSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.A tough anti-smoking law has taken effect in Spain. The ban, one of the strictest in Europe, outlaws smoking in all bars and restaurants. Smokers will also be prohibited on television broadcast, near hospitals, or in school playgrounds. The law tightens anti-smoking restrictions introduced in 2006. The anti-smoking rules introduced in 2006 outlawed smoking only in the workplace. It let bar andrestaurant owners choose whether or not to allow it. Most chose not to impose any ban. Only large restaurants and bars were obliged to provide a smoke-free area. Now hotel, restaurant, and bar owners have said they could face a ten percent drop in trade with the new rules. The industry has already seen a sharp fall in sales due to Spain's economic problems, but doctors argue the new legislation will help smokers give up.1. Where was smoking not allowed, according to the 2006 anti-smoking rules?2. According to the news, who are more likely to react negatively to the new law?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.A Russian cargo ship with about 30 crew members aboard was in danger of sinking off Russia's eastern coast while stormyweather interfered with rescue efforts, state-run Itar-Tass news agency said Friday. Ice had formed on the outside of the ship, and the crew was chipping it off. The crew sent out a distress signal, but there was no explanation of the problem. Because of the severe weather, aircraft can't be used to rescue the crew.According to Itar-T ass, the vessel is about 90 miles from an oil rig 钻油平台where rescue vessels are based, while a tugboat 拖船dispatched 派遣from land was still about four times farther away. The cargo ship had been on route to a fishing area when it experienced problems, the news agency reported. The ship hauls fish from boats to ports.3. What is news report mainly about?4. When did the cargo ship get into trouble?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.It is being called Ireland's exit from the emergency assistance. If all goes to plan, Ireland will receive no more financial assistance. It does not mean that the money has been paid off—that will take until 2042.Ireland will still need to borrow—and all the signs are that it will be able to do so in the financial markets at an affordable cost. The country's economy has shown signs of stabilization. It has grown, though unusually, and unemployment is down from its highs. But living standards have been hit—the economy is still 9% smaller than it was six years ago.This is an important stage in the Euro zone's financial repair effort. It certainly helps that the recession in the Euro zone has ended—that the economy of the region as a whole has started to grow again. But it is still vulnerable growth. Europe needs stronger performance to generate the tax revenue that could really help struggling governments get control of their borrowingneeds.5. What do we learn about Ireland from the news report?6. What's said about Ireland's economy compared with that of 6 years ago?7. What contributes to the Euro zone's financial repair according to the news?New 7-9Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1A.She is 17-year-old.B.She works in a hotel.C.Her legs got severely injured.D.Her job is a restaurant employee.2A.In early August.B.In late August.C.In early October.D.In late October.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item. 1’503A.Terrorist attacks.B.Political protests.C.Extreme weather.D.Heavy traffic jams.4A.Where matches take place.B.Where protests may take place.C.In downtown Vancouver.D.Around the athletes' village.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item. 3’555A.Electricity shortage.B.Food shortage.C.The heavy burden of studies.D.Overtime exposure to sunlight.6A.1 hour.B.2 hours.C.3 hours.D.2.5 hours.7A.Students in South East-Asia have great pressure in study.B.Genetic factors in visual impairment and blindness.C.Students in South East-Asia should spend more time outdoors.D.The reason why students in South East-Asia have pressure.答案1.D2.D3.B4.D5. C6.C7. CQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Four American teenagers, all children of U.S. military personnel, have been arrested on charges of attempted murder after a woman was knocked off her motorbike with rope strungacross two poles, Japanese police said. The four suspects—two 15-year-old boys, a 17-year-old girl and an 18-year old man—were taken into custody on Saturday, the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department said. They are accused of causing a severe head injury to a 23-year-old girl who works at a restaurant by stringing a rope between poles across a road.U.S. forces in Japan was informed of the August incident in late October, a public information officer said. There was no clear explanation for the delay in the handover of the suspects to police, otherthan it involved rules between Washington and T okyo covering U.S. forces and their dependents in Japan. The U.S. military presence and its impact on Japanese residents have beena thorny issue over the years.1.What do we know about the victim?2.When did the U.S. forces in Japan know about the incident?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.An Olympics security plan five years in the making is taking shape in Vancouver this week. The Canadian Police is heading up the $900 million security operation, the largest in Canada's history. It will involve 15,000 police, private security and military personnel. The Winter Olympics will take place February 12th to 28th in 2010 in Vancouver. (3) Political protests may pose the biggest threat to the games. The threat of terrorist attack is rated as low. But the memory of the 1972 Munich Olympics has not gone away. That year, a terrorist group attacked the athletes' village, eventually killing 11 Israeli athletes and coaches. (4) It is no coincidence that in Vancouver security patrols are particularly evident around the low-rise apartment buildings, where the athletes will be housed. In downtown Vancouver some roads arealready closed, and rings of security fencing surround some key venues. What's more, 900 surveillance cameras will be put on top of fencing to detect dangers.3.What may be the biggest threat to the 2010 Winter Olympic Games?4.Where is the presence of security patrols most evident?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.The strong emphasis on educational achievement in South East-Asia may be coming at a heavy price.(5) Researchers say that hard work at school plus the lack of exposure to outdoor light is damaging the eyes of almost nine out of ten students—with one in five at serious risk of visual impairment and blindness. (6)The scientists say that young people need up to three hours a day of outdoor light, but many infants are also missing out as they nap during lunch time.The scientists say that genetic factors, long thought to play a big role in shortsightedness, are not as important as the environment. They point to Singapore as a place with several distinct ethnic groups, all of whom are now suffering high levels of shortsightedness.(7)The authors suggest that essential time outdoors should be considered by educational authorities across South-East Asia as a way of dealing with the problem.5.What accounts for the poor eyesight for many South East-Asian students?6.How long do the young people need to be exposed to outdoor light each day?7.What is the main idea of the news?短文1-2Passage OneQuestions 16-18 are based on the passage you have justheard.16. A) When someone has helped him.B) When someone has done harm to him.C) When someone in a shop has served him.D) When someone has given him a gift.17. A) He feels interested.B) He feels annoyed.C) He feels himself thanked.D) He feels comfortable.18. A) Empty thanks make Americans comfortable.B) Empty thanks make Americans less anxious to help you.C) It’s not necessary to tell an American that your English is not good enough.D) No one should apologize to an American for not being able to speak very good English. Passage Two 3’25Questions 19-21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) In the countryside.B) In America.C) In Western countries.D) In China.20. A) Because the dog can help him to fight other animals.B) Because the dog can frighten thieves.C) Because the dog can help him do things.D) Because the dog can play with him when he is alone.21. A) The dog would not eat if his master did not allow him to eat.B) Dogs are used for driving sheep.C) One of the reasons that people in towns still keep dogs is that dogs can be used to look after their children.D) A dog can be everybody’s friend.Section C (20分)16. B 17. B 18. A 19. C 20. D21. C 22. A 23. A 24. D 25. CPassage One“Thank you”means that you appreciate what someone has done for you, very often, very small and most ordinary things. So we in the West thank people all day long. For instance, you will thank the saleswoman after she has attended to you. You will say “Thank you”to the waitress when she brings you a cup of coffee. And a teacher will say “Thank you”to a student who has just answered the question. At home, the husband will thank the wife when she brings him a glass of water.However, too many expressions of gratitude give Westerners the sense of empty thanks, and make them uncomfortable. For example, if an American has spent half an hour helping you write some letters, you will, of course, want to say, “Thank you, I really appreciate your time.”That’s enough. If you go on and on with statements of thanks, and even add “I’m sorry to have wasted so much of your time”, he will feel himself not thanked but annoyed and will not be anxious to help you again. And if he gets really annoyed, he might say, “Well, if you really think that you are wasting my time, you had better stay out of my way.”There is also no need for you to apologize for your not being able to speak good English wherever you go and whomever you meet.The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.16. When doesn’t an American say “Thank you”?17. How does an American feel when he is thanked again and again?18. Which of the following is NOT true?Passage TwoIf you are in a Western country, you’ll often see people walking with their dogs. A dog is themost useful animal in the world, but the reason why one keeps a dog has changed.Once upon a time, a man met a dog and wanted it to help him in the fight against other animals, and he found that the dog listened to him and did what he told him to. Later people used dogs for the hunting of other animals, and the dogs did not eat what they got until their master agreed. So dogs were used for driving sheep and guarding chickens.Now the people in the town and cities do not need dogs to fight other animals. They keep them to frighten thieves. But the most important reason is that people feel lonely in the city. For a child, a dog is his best friend when he has no friends to play with. For a young wife, a dog is her child when she doesn’t have her own. For old people a dog is also a child when their real children have grown up and left. Now people do not have to use a dog, but they keep it as a friend, just like a member of the family.The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.19. Where can we see people walking with their dogs according to the article?20. Why does a child want to keep a dog?21. Which of the following is wrong?短文3-4Passage OneQuestions 16-18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) On the radio.B) From the manager.C) At the supermarket.D) From newspaper advertisement.17. A) To get a free basket of goods.B) To meet the manager.C) To get a free basket.D) To fill all her cupboards.18. A) The one who will be lucky.B) The one who has a cupboard full of useful things.C) The one who hopes to get free goods every day.D) The one who dreams to become a manager.Passage TwoQuestions 19-21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) British people.B) Greeks and Persians.C) Egyptians.D) Persians.20. A) They believed that the cat was a god.B) They showed their sadness for a long time.C) They shot arrows.D) They shaved their eyebrows off.21. A) They become even stronger.B) They look like pets.C) They are smaller with smaller brains.D) They weigh 9,000 kilograms.答案16. C 17. A 18. A 19. B 20. D21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. BPassage OneAll the housewives who went to the supermarket had one great ambition: to be the lucky customer who did not have to pay for the shopping. For this was what the notice just inside the entrance promised. It said: Remember, once a week, one of our customers gets free goods. This may be Your Lucky Day!For several weeks Mrs. Edwards hoped, like many of her friends, to be the lucky customer. Unlike her friends, she never gave up hope. The cupboards in her kitchen were full of things which she did not need. Her husband tried to advise her against buying things but failed. She dreamed of the day when the manager of the supermarket would approach her and say: “Madam, this is Your Lucky Day. Everything in your basket is free.”The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.16. Where did the housewives learn about the offer of free goods?17. What did Mrs. Edwards want very much to do?18. What kind of customer did Mrs. Edwards want to become?Passage TwoIt’s true that the British are a nation of animal lovers, but they are not the first people to be interested in cats, dogs and other creatures. Sometimes men can often be cruel, but sometimes men treat animals better than they treat other people.In ancient Egypt, people believed that the cat was a god. When a cat died, its owners showed their sadness by the strange habit of shaving their eyebrows off! But even 9,000 years ago, the Greeks and Persians had dogs as pets. However, when animals become pets, the result, after a number of generations, is a smaller animal with a smaller brain.The following questions are based on the passage you have just heard.19. Who have the longest history of raising animals as their pets?20. What did ancient Egyptians do after their cats died?21. What will happen after animals have become pets for generations?短文5-6Passage FiveQuestions 16-18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16A.Four to six hours.B.Six to nine hours.C.Around eight hours.D.More than eight hours.17A.They may not be able to focus well.B.They may get the feeling of being drunk.C.They may lose much weight in a short period.D.They may suffer from high blood pressure.18A.Training can make people sleep less temporarily./doc/269469642.html,itary people are used to being deprived of sleep.C.People can bank sleep by sleeping more beforehand.D.Sleeping earlier than usual makes people sleep less.Passage SixQuestions 19-21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19A.Exposing skin to sunlight will certainly lead to skincancer.B.UV rays can help lower people's blood pressure.C.Heart attacks and stoke are linked to low blood pressure.D.Bathing in the sun helps build people's mental health.20A.Vitamin DB.UV rays.C.Body temperature.D.Blood pressure.21A.Heart rate.B.Vitamin D levels.C.Body temperature.D.Blood pressure.答案Section C (20分)16. B 17. D 18. C 19. B 20. A 21. BPassage OneWe waste a third of our lives sleeping. When there doesn't seem to be enough hours in the day, you yearn to be like the former British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, who was said to get by on just four hours' sleep a night. There is a quite a range in the number of hours we like to sleep. 80% of us manage between six and nine hours a night; the other 20% sleep more or less than this.There is plenty of evidence that a lack of sleep has an adverse effect. We do not simply adjust to it—in the short-term it reduces our concentration, and if it's extreme it makes us confused and distressed, and turns us into such poor drivers of being drunk.The long-term effects are even more worrying. Repeatedly getting less sleep than you need over the course of decades is associated with an increased risk of obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure and heart diseases.But while it might not be possible to train yourself to sleep less, researchers working with the military have found that you can bank sleep beforehand if you plan well in advance. At the Walter Reed Army Institute of Research they had people go to bed a couple of hours earlier than usual every night for a week. When they were subsequently deprived of sleep they didn't suffer as much as the people who hadn't had the chance to bank sleep in advance.16. How much time do most people usually sleep every night?17. What could happen if people didn't get enough sleep fora long time?18. What do the researchers find about the military?Passage TwoThe health benefits of exposing skin to sunlight may far outweigh the risk of developing skin cancer, according to scientists. Edinburgh University research suggests sunlight helps reduce blood pressure, cutting heart attack and stroke risks and even prolonging life. UV rays were found to release a compound which lowers blood pressure. Researchers said more studies would be carried out to determine if it is time to reconsider advice on skin exposure. Heart disease and stroke linked to high blood pressure are estimated to lead to about 80-times more deaths than those from skin cancer in the UK. Production of the pressure reducing compound is separate from the body's manufacture of vitamin D, which rises after exposure to sunshine. Researchers said that until now vitamin D had been thought tosolely explain the sun's benefit to human health.During the research, researchers studied the blood pressure of 24 volunteers under UV and heat lamps. In one session, the volunteers were exposed to both the UV rays and the heat of the lamps. In the other, the UV rays were blocked so that only the heat of the lamps affected the skin. The results showed that blood pressure dropped significantly for one hour following exposure to UV rays, but not after the heat-only sessions. Scientists said that this suggested it was the sun's UV rays that lead to health benefits. The volunteers' vitamin D levels remained unaffected in both sessions. The study will be presented in Edinburgh at the world's largest gathering of skin experts.23. What can be learned from Edinburgh University's research?24. What was thought to be the only element to explain sun9s benefit to human health?25. Which element is said to be unaffected in the research?三、阅读部分1、选词填空（15选10）（四选一）1、第三册第1单元12-13段I suspect not everybody who loves the country would be happy living the way we do. It takes a couple of special qualities. One is a tolerance for solitude. Because we are so busy and on such a tight budget, we don?t entertain much. During the growing season there is no time for socializing anyway. Jim and Emily are involved in school activities, but they too spend most of their time at home.The other requirement is energy-a lot of it. The way to make self-sufficiency work on a small scale is to resist the temptation to buy a tractor and other expensive laborsaving devices. Instead。
（完整word版）英语复习资料
（完整word版）英语复习资料第一单元：vocabulary1. The Olympic Games, conceived in the days of ancient Athens,brings the young from every coner of the globe every four years in the pursuit of glory.奥运会发源于古希腊，每四年举行一次吸引着世界各地的年轻人去追求荣誉。
2. I cannot conceive of anyone wanting to disturb the excellent relationship that has built up with our allies.我想象不出谁会想挑拨你和我已经建立起来的良好关系3．We are a national charity, founded in 1988, dedicated providing care at home for men, women and children with AIDS/HIV related illnesses.我们是一个成立于1988年的国家慈善机构，致力于为患有ＡＩＤＳ等疾病的人提供家庭照顾。
4．Morning and afternoon chats, regular instruction sessions and water games when the winds drop, all aim to addict you to windsurfing in the most pleasant way possible.早上和晚上的谈话，正规的指导学习和风停后的水中游戏都是为了使你以最愉快的方式迷上风帆冲浪运动。
5．It appeared to be a city which could cater to anything one’s heart desired: all varieties of food form the six continents and restaurants and bars open twenty-four hours a day.它看上去是一个能满足任何人的口示味：来自于六大洲的各色食物，餐馆和酒吧24小时营业。
(完整word版)英语复习资料(word文档良心出品)
U1 4.诸如背弃朋友这类事并不受法律制约，所以才有了我们称作的道德法庭Laws do not regulate such things as betrayal to friends, that is why there is what we call the court of morality 5.有人把今天的文化描述为快餐文化。
无论做什么事，人们只是追求用最短时间达到最大的满足Today’s culture is described as fast-food culture, whatever they may be; people just pursue the greatest satisfaction within the shortest time.6.常言说，天下没有免费的午餐。
如果你想要什么，就得去挣As the saying goes, there is no such thing as a free lunch. If you want something, go and earn it.U2 1.无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。
In either friendship or love, you should never expect to receive the maximum while you give the minimum.2.我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人。
I built all my hopes on his promises, only to find that he was not a man of sincerity at all.3.我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的，母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病。
We took mother to all the best hospitals we could find, but all our efforts were in vain; she failed to survive the disease.U3 1.千百年来哲学家们费尽心机从各自的角度阐释何为幸福.For thousands of years philosophers have taken pains to explain the meaning of happiness from their own points of view.2.刚上大学的时候，突然发现自己得处理所有日常事物，知道那是自己才觉得在父母身边生活真是幸福。
(完整版)英语语法复习资料大全
语法复习精品指南（十二）过去一般时的形式l)概说过去一般时由规则或不规则动词的过去式表示；除be外，其余动词没有人称和数的变化。
各种动词的否定结构和一般疑问结构，与现在一般时的否定结构和一般疑问结构相同。
2)动词be 第一人称单数和第三人称单数用was，其余用were。
3)动词have 一律用had，没有人称和数的变化。
4)行为动词一律用过去式，没有人称和数的变化。
现将过去一般时在肯定、否定、一般疑问和简略答语等四种结构。
过去一般时的用法l)表示过去的动作或状态常带有如yesterday，two、days ago，last week，in l958等时间状语以及由when等连词引导的时间状语从句。
如：We had a good swim last Sunday.我们上星期天游泳游得真痛快。
She suddenly fell ill yesterday.昨天她突然病倒。
2)叙述过去连续发生的一件件事。
如：He got up early in the morning，fetched water，swept the yard and then went out to work.他早上起得很早，打水，扫院，然后出去劳动。
3)也可以表示过去一段时间内经常或反复发生的动作。
如：When my brother was a teenager，he played table tennis almost everyday.我弟弟十几岁时，几乎每天都打乒乓球。
[注] 表示过去经常的或反复的动作，也可以用would加动词原形或用used to加动词原形。
如：When he was a child he would go skating every winter.在他还是个孩子时，每年冬天都去滑冰。
Mr. Higgins used to have a big house in downtown.黑根斯先生在市区曾经有座大房子。
小学英语总复习资料(1-6册)
小学英语总复习资料（1－6册）一、字母1、字母表：要求能够按照顺序默写字母表（大小写），书写正确、规范。
书写口诀：大写字母占两格，上格、中格不顶格，小写字母看清格，书写注意占满格（t ,f 除外）。
2、字母的笔顺。
大写字母C G J L O S V W Z9个字母书写时笔尖不离开纸面，都必须一笔写成。
大写字母B D K M N Q R T U X Y,书写时都是两笔完成。
大写字母A E F H I5字母书写时都是三笔完成。
小写字母除f i j t x 5个字母书写时是两笔完成外，其余小写字母都是一笔完成。
3、元音字母：要熟练掌握五个元音字母：A, a, E, e, I , i , O , o , U, u.4、按发音分类。
能够按照字母的发音将它们分类，含有相同音素的字母归为一组。
主要题型有：选出一组字母中的不同类的一个，按发音将字母分类。
(1)A: A H J K (2) E: B C D E G P T V (3) I: I Y (4) O: O(5) U: U Q W (6) R (7) F : F L M N S X Z5、常用简写形式的含义。
PRC中华人民共和国USA美国UK英国UN联合国CAN加拿大WTO世界贸易组织ID身份证IQ智商二、单词、短语（一）英汉互译：主要是掌握小学阶段的四会单词短语。
凡是课本是带五角星的单词都要求会听、说、读、写。
（二）名词复数。
（1）、一般在词尾加-s，s在元音或浊辅音后面读【z】，在清辅音后面读【s】。
在 t后面与t 一起读作【ts】在d后面与d一起读作【dz】。
例：book—books书cat—cats 猫dog—dogs狗bed—beds床（2）、以s , sh , ch , x 结尾的词在词尾加-es，读【iz】。
例：class—classes 班级watch—watches 手表box—boxes 盒子brush—brushes刷子（3）、以o结尾的名词，有生命的名词加-es，没有生命的名词加-s，例：tomato—tomatoes 西红柿potato—potatoes 土豆photo—photos相片radio—radios 收音机zoo—zoos动物园（4）、以f , fe结尾的名词，先把f，fe变为v,再加-es，词尾ves读作【vz】。
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1.His misunderstanding made a deep impression B the young girl.A.inB. onC. byD. for2.Generous public funding of basic science would A considerable benefits for the country's health, wealth and security.A.lead toB. result fromC. lie inD. settle down3.I don't doubt A the plan will be well-conceived.A. thatB. whyC. whetherD.when4.Mount Emei is 100 km C Chengdu.A. farB. far fromC. away fromD. from5.When Mom is out, the older sister often looks C her brother.A. atB. forC. afterD. to6.It is impolite to turn around when somebody is A to you.A. talkingB. spokenC. sayingD. telling7.My English is poor. I don't A him.A. understandB. understoodC. was introducedD. introduce8.Lucy is a quiet girl. She speaks D than the other students.A.fewB. littleC. fewerD. less9.They B him fit for the job.A.regardedB. consideredC. thoughtD. believed10.She said that she was writing for a magazine, A , she had no work to do.A.whichB. in natureC. on factD. by nature11.I walked into a room D there were already nine other people.A.whichB. whenC. thatD. where12.Either the shirts or the dress A a good buy.A.isB. areC. beD. were13.He is very busy preparing LELTS, and B has no time to play.A.finallyB. thereforeC. soD. later14.The children were playing games D it rained.A. afterB. whileC. whenD. as15.We walked side D side for a whole night.A.ofB. inC. withD. by16.Human habits change A times.A.withB. offC. belowD. through17.In boxing match you are not allowed to hit B the belt.A.overB. belowC. forD. up18.Everyone hopes to leave a good B upon visitors.A.faceB. impressionC. talkD. commentrge factories have been provided with C production lines.A.halfB. fineC. automatic 2D. manual20.Mr.Jackson wanted his children to A in singing.A.stand outB. practiseC. enterD. take shape21.Unit1 now, they haven't found out how all this has C .e formB. come inC. come aboutD. come over22.I'm sure I can B to hand in the report by Friday.A.workB. manageC. tryD. plan23.You'd better D on the paper or you may forget.A.put it onB. put it upC. put it offD. put it down24.Great changes usually come gradually. They do not come about A .A.all of a suddenB. bit by bitC. little by littleD. slowly25.Jane and Rose look very much alike, but actually they are quite C each other.A.the same asB. the same withC. different fromD. different with26.All parents expect to A their children to be useful.A.trainB. practiseC. keepD. make27.An interpreter sometimes acts C a bridge.A.ofB. inC. asD. to28.You are A to provide the members with enough information.A.expectedB. registeredC. checkedD. circled29.When the students are carrying out the experiment, they are required to do it C the teacher has toldthem.A.sinceB. whichC. asD. that30. B , a secretary should be informative, careful, and tactful.A.For allB. IfC. Now thatD. Generally speaking31.Please remind the workers D of the importance of this new rule.A.skillfulB. presentC. skillD. presence32.The baggage arrived B .A.damagingB. damagedC. damageD. to damage33.There seems B nobody in the house.A.beingB. to beC. beenD. be34.There has been no rain recently, C ?A.has itB. is itC. has thereD. hasn't it35.The baggage D 10kg.A.is weighedB. weightsC. weightD. weighs36.There is a serious flood C is troubling people.A.whenB. howC. thatD. what37.Children are B about everything.A.strangeB. curiousC. peculiarD. interested38.Mary A her life to caring for the sick.A.devotedB. is devotedC. have devotedD. has been devoted39.You cannot break the law just to D your curiosity.A.finishB. showC. fulfillD. satisfy40.He is an experienced worker and can B this machine well.A.run onB. operateC. operate onD. handle well41.As we all know, the duty of a C school is to train skillful workers for society.A.skillfulB. scientificC. technicalD. technology42.Social B and traditions vary greatly form country to country.A.CustomsB. customsC. behaviorsD. regulation43.One more words. A you will be thrown out of the car.A.andB. otherwiseC. orD. so44.Jack and John are here in the classroom, but C students are still out in the playground.A.otherB. othersC. the otherD. the others45. D their luggage, the tourists hurried to the railway station.A.PackedB.PackingC. After packedD. Having packed46.We had to read the first chapter, A we?A. didn'tB. shouldn'tC. don'tD. weren't47.You won't be away for long, C ?A.do youB. don't youC. will youD. won't you48.You have never met each other before, A ?A.haven't youB. have youC. don't youD. do you49.Tell me how to operate the computer, A ?A.will youB. don't youC. do youD. shan't you\50.Jane scarcely cares for anything, B ?A.doesn't sheB. does sheC. is sheD. is it51.I suppose you're not serious, C ?A.don't IB. do IC. are youD. aren't you52.Let's go swimming, C ?A.will weB. will youC. shall weD. don't we53.She ought to go by plane, A ?A.oughtn't sheB. wouldn't sheC. should sheD. would she54.They used to play cards a lot, C ?ed theyB. usen't theyC. usedn't theyD. did they55.You had breakfast at seven, A you?A.didn'tB. hadn'tC. didD. had56.All the B teachers in out college are beautifully dressed on March the 8th .A.womanB. womenC. womansD. womens57.There C often too rain in autumn there.A.is, manyB. are, manyC. is, muchD. are, much58.His grandfather A three years ago.A.diedB. has diedC. was diedD. was dead59.Look! Everybody is in a hurry. There must be A .A. something importantB. important somethingC. anything importantD. important anything60.This is the village A we settled down during 1960s.A.whichB. thatC. whereD. what61.I'll call you tomorrow if I A time.A.haveB. will haveC. am havingD. going to have62.It was only then ??求解答how much I loved her.A.did I realizeB. have I realizedC. I realizeD. that I realized63.They were made B form morning till night.A.workB. to workC. workedD. working64.The work C within three days.A.must doneB. must doC. must be doneD. must did65.Have you heard him C about the matter?A.spokeB. speaksC. speakD. spoken66.As for English learning, it is very important D students to learn more by heart.A.toB. withC. ofD. for67."Has Mr. Jones left the hotel yet?" "Yes, he B five minutes ago."A.paid inB. checked outC. checked inD. paid out68.Working hard, you will walk your way C a success.A. fromB. asC. towardsD. by69. A your hair at once or you'll catch a cold.A.Dry offB. Dry ofC. Dry withD. Dry up70.When will the rules B ?A.produce effectB. take effectC. make effectD. have effect71.I'll be able to complete the task on time if D more time.A.willB. giveC. givingD. given72.They ran to the railway station C they missed the train.A.in order thatB. worried aboutC. in caseD. afraid73.I'm sure you'll improve your oral English D practising speaking English every day.A.thoughB. inC. withD. by1.如果你认为他们有错.就大胆说出来.Speak up if you think they are wrong.2.坚持真理是很重要的.It is important to stand up for the truth.3.我要步行到学校,而不乘公共汽车.I'm going to walk to the school rather than to take a bus.4.他们在一星期内订出了计划.They worked out the plan within a week5.那小女孩直到妈妈回来才去睡觉.The little girl didn't go to bed until her mother came back.6.你既可以选择大厅的座位.也可以选择酒吧的座位.You may have your table either in the main restaurant or in the bar.7.一切取决于我们是否能筹集到足够的钱.It all depends on whether or not we can collect enough money.8.他说他好久没有去过长城了.其实他从未去过那里.He said he hadn't been the Great Wall for a long time, in fact he had never been there.9.她15岁就走上了唱歌之路She has been on the road of singing since she was fifteen.10.你要想将来成功就得现在努力学习.If you want to stand out in the future, you've got to study hard now.11.要在这么短的时间内把英语学好.似乎不太可能.It seems impossible for one to learn English well in such a short time.12.计算机在人们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用.The computer is playing a more and more important role/part in people's daily life.13.我们必须时时留意最新的法令规则.We must keep an eye on the newest laws and regulations.14你不应该阻止你的女儿去做她喜欢做的事情.You should not hold your daughter from doing what she likes to do.15.不要成天无所事事还想取得优异成绩Don't sit around all day and yet want to get great achievements.16.他匆匆而去,以至忘了锁门.She left in such a hurry that she forgot to lock the entrance.17.这个班由30个学生组成,其年龄从7岁到9岁不等.The class consists of thirty students, varying in age from seven to nine.18.同学们迫不及待地想知道考试成绩The student can't wait to know their result of the examination.19.我们年轻人应该抛弃旧观念.We young people should do away with the old ideas.20.请把全班学生的名字打印出来.Please print out all the names of the class.21.你最好带上雨伞,以防万一下雨.You'd better take an umbrella in case it rains.22.今天天气很热,为什么不去游泳呢?It's very hot today. Why not go swimming!23.离开教室的时候一定要关上所有的电灯.Make sure to turn off all the lights when you leave the classroom.非常感谢打英语选择题的同学..QQ名""oヤ葙灬親妳"配合我打完的翻译题..大家留意下翻译题是不是23题....不是23题多或少希望群里叫下..。