西方经济学(A)-2002
西方经济学试题与答案
西⽅经济学试题与答案西⽅经济学试题及答案⼀、单项选择题(每⼩题２分，共２０分。
）1.整个需求曲线向左下⽅移动，其原因是（）A．需求增加 B．需求减少 C.价格提⾼ D．价格下降2．当汽油的价格上升时，在其他条件不变的情况下，对⼩汽车的需求量将（）A．减少 B. 不变 C．增加 D．难以确定3 下列商品的需求价格弹性最⼩的是（）A．⼩汽车 B.服装 C．⾷盐 D．化妆品4．商品的边际效⽤随者商品消费量的增加⽽（）A.递增 B．递减 C．先减后增 D．增后减5．根据⽆差异曲线分析，消费者均衡是（）A．⽆差异曲线与消费可能线的相切之点B．⽆差异曲线与消费可能线的相交之点C．⾼原点最近的⽆差异曲线上的任何⼀点D．离原点最近的消费可能线上的任何⼀点6 、当边际产量⼤于平均产量时，平均产量（）A．递减 B．不变 C.递增 D．先增后减7．等产量曲线向左下⽅移动表明的是（）A.产量增加B.产量减少C.产量不变 D．价格提⾼8. 短期平均成本曲线呈U型，是因为（）A．外在经济 B. 在经济C. 规模经济 D．边际收益递减规律9．下列项⽬中属于可变成本的是（）A．折旧 B．正常利润C．管理⼈员的⼯资 D．⽣产⼯⼈的⼯资10．长期平均成本曲线与长期边际成本曲线⼀定是（）A．相切于平均成本曲线的最低点 B．相切于边际成本曲线的最低点C．相交于边际成本曲线的最低点 D．相交于平均成本曲线的最低点⼆、多项选择题(下列每⼩题的五个选项中，有⼆⾄五项是正确的，多选、少选、错选均⽆分。
每⼩题2分，共10分。
)１.资源配置要解决的问题是（）A.⽣产什么 B．如何⽣产 C.为谁⽣产 D．充分就业 E.通货膨胀2．影响需求弹性的因素有（）A．消费者对某种商品的需求程度 B．商品的可替代程度C.商品本⾝⽤途的⼴泛性 D．商品使⽤时间的长短 E.商品在家庭⽀出中所占的⽐例3.引起在经济的原因有（）A．使⽤更先进的技术 B．⼚商之间的合作C．综合利⽤ D．⾏业扶植E.管理⽔平提⾼4．通货膨胀理论包括（）A．需求技上的通货膨胀理论 B.．供给推动的通货膨胀理论C.供求混合推动的通货膨胀理论 D．结构性通货膨胀理论E.滞胀理论5.经济周期繁荣阶段的特征是（）A．⽣产迅速增加 B．投资增加C 信⽤扩 D．价格⽔平上升E.失业严重三.名词解释(每⼩题５分,共２０分)１.供给的变动２.规模收益递增３．结构性失业４．需求管理四.简答题(每⼩题５分,共2０分)１.需求与供给变动对均衡价格和均衡数量有什么影响?２.说明⽛膏社种产品的市场结构及其形成条件.３.简述计算国民⽣产总值的⽀出法.４.说明国际收⽀平衡表的基本容.五、分析题(共３０分)假定在⼀定的技术条件下,有四种⽅法(见下表)能⽣产出100单位的产品,试问:1.在A、B、C三种⽅法中，哪种⽣产⽅法在技术上是⽆效率的？2.“⽅法D在技术上是最有效率的，因为它⼀共只耗⽤了90单位的资源。
大学专业试卷西方经济学A卷
西方经济学（双语）试题（A卷）注意：请在答题纸上作答，考试时间120分钟，可以翻阅纸质字典，不得携带电子词典及手机等。
Part 1: True-False question (10×1′=10′)1. Economists use the word equity to describe a situation in which every member of society would have the same income. （）2. When economists refer to people making decisions “at the margin” they mean that people compare the costs and benefits of each decision. ( )3. If a good is “normal,” then an increase in income will result in a decrease in the demand for the good. ( )4. When the price of Pokemon cards are $0.50, the quantity demanded is 400 cards per day. When the price falls to $0.40, the quantity demanded increases to 600. Given this information and using the midpoint method, you know that the demand for Pokemon cards is elastic. ( )5. Payroll taxes cause wages received by workers to fall and wages paid by firms to rise. ( )6. The relative price of two goods equals the marginal rate of substitution. ( )7. If the price of apples increases more than the price of other goods, the weight of the apples in the CPI stays the same, but should decrease to accurately reflect the change in the cost-of-living. ( )8. If the government wanted to decrease interest rates and increase investment it could reduce taxes on interest income. ( )9. If an industry becomes unionized, wages in that industry tend to rise, while employment in that industry tends to fall. ( )10. FOMC policy decisions have an important influence on the economy’s rate of inflation and level of employment in the long run. ( )Part 2: Single Choice (40×1′=40′)1. Economics deals primarily with the concept of （）a. changeb. powerc. povertyd. scarcity2. The opportunity cost of an item is ( )a. what you give up to get that item.b. always equal to the dollar value of the item.c. always less than the dollar value of the item.d. the number of hours needed to earn the money to buy it.3. A market is a ( )a. place where only buyers come together.b. place where only sellers meet.c. group of people with common desires.d. group of buyers and sellers of a particular good or service.4. In a free market system, what is the mechanism for rationing scarce resources? ( )a. the governmentb. pricesc. buyersd. sellers5. Economists compute the price elasticity of demand as ( )a. percentage change in the price divided by the percentage change in quantity demanded.b. change in quantity demanded divided by the change in the price.c. percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in price.d. percentage change in the quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in income.6. Suppose the price of product X is reduced from $1.45 to $1.25 and, as a result, the quantity of X demanded increases from 2,000 to 2,200. Using the midpoint method, the price elasticity of demand for X in the given price range is ( )a. 0.64b. 1.00c. 1.55d. 2.007. Price controls are ( )a. established by firms with monopoly power.b. used to make markets more efficient.c. nearly always effective in eliminating inequities.d. usually enacted when policymakers believe that the market price of a good or service is unfair to buyers or sellers.8. What is true about the burden of a tax imposed on popcorn? ( )a. Sellers bear the entire burden of the tax.b. Buyers bear the entire burden of the tax.c. Buyers and sellers share the burden of the tax.d. The government bears the entire burden of the tax.9. The equilibrium of supply and demand in a market ( )a. maximizes the profits of producers.b. minimizes the costs incurred by consumers.c. maximizes the total benefits received by buyers and sellers.d. minimizes the expenditures of buyers.10. If a consumer is willing and able to pay $15.50 for a particular good but the price of the good is $16.00, then the ( )a. market must not be a perfectly competitive market.b. consumer would have consumer surplus of $0.50.c. consumer would not purchase the good and would not have any consumer surplus.d. consumer would increase his/her willingness and ability to pay by earning more.11. When a tax is levied on a good ( )a. buyers are worse off but sellers are not.b. sellers are worse off but buyers are not.c. neither buyers nor sellers are worse off.d. both buyers and sellers are worse off.12. As the size of a tax increases ( )a. the deadweight loss from the tax remains constant.b. the deadweight loss from the tax declines.c. the deadweight loss from the tax increases.d. no one knows how the deadweight loss changes because no tax has ever been reduced.13. Countries usually impose restrictions on free foreign trade to protect ( )a. domestic consumersb. foreign consumersc. foreign producersd. domestic producers14. When a quota is imposed on a market the ( )a. supply curve (above the world price) shifts to the left by the amount of the quota.b. supply curve (above the world price) shifts to the right by the amount of the quota.c. demand curve (above the world price) shifts to the right by the amount of the quota.d. demand curve (above the world price) shifts to the left by the amount of the quota.15. An example of an implicit cost of production would be the ( )a. cost of raw materials for a printing company to print books.b. income an entrepreneur could have earned working elsewhere.c. cost of a delivery truck in a business that rarely makes deliveries.d. All of the above are correct.16. Economies of scale arise when ( )a. an economy is self-sufficient in production.b. individuals in a society are self-sufficient.c. workers are able to specialize in a particular task.d. fixed costs are large relative to variable costs.17. In a competitive market, the actions of any single buyer or seller will ( )a. have a negligible impact on the market price.b. adversely affect the profitability of more than one firm in the market.c. cause a noticeable change in market production and price.d. have little effect on market production, but ultimately change price.18. In a perfectly competitive market, the process of entry or exit ends when ( )a. firms are operating with excess capacity.b. firms are making zero economic profit.c. firms experience decreasing marginal revenue.d. price is equal to marginal cost.19. A monop oly’s marginal cost will most likely ( )a. exceed its marginal revenue.b. be less than average fixed cost.c. be less than the market price of its goods.d. equal average total cost.20. OPEC often holds oil production below capacity in an effort to ( )a. compel consumers to search for oil substitutes.b. compel consumers to conserve oil.c. keep prices above the competitive level.d. create a shift in the demand for oil.21. Because each oligopolist cares about its own profit rather than the collective profit of their industry ( )a. society is worse-off.b. they are unable to maintain monopoly power.c. they are able to maximize industry profits.d. All of the above are correct.22. Very often, the reason that players can solve th e prisoners’ dilemma game and reach the most profitable outcome is that ( )a. the game becomes more competitive.b. they play the game not once, but many times.c. each player tries to capture a large portion of the market share.d. All of the abov e can solve the prisoners’ dilemma.23. A budget constraint ( )a. shows the consumption bundles that a consumer can afford.b. reflects the desire by consumers to increase their income.c. represents the bundles of consumption that make a consumer equally happy.d. shows the prices that a consumer chooses to pay for products he consumes.24. When indifference curves are bowed inward toward the origin, ( )a. it is unlikely that consumers will be willing to engage in trade.b. people can only increase satisfaction by consuming more of all commodities.c. people are less inclined to trade away goods that they have an abundance of.d. the marginal rate of substitution decreases as a consumer moves down an indifference curve.25. National income is defined as ( )a. all income produced within a country.b. the income received by the national government.c. the total income earned by a nation’s residents from the production of goods and services within the borders of the country.d. the to tal income earned by a nation’s residents in the production of goods and services.26. The best measure of a country’s production of goods and services is ( )a. real GDP.b. real NNP.c. nominal GDP.d. nominal GNP.27. The inflation rate is defined as the ( )a. cost of inflation.b. cost of borrowing.c. percentage change in real GDP from the previous period.d. percentage change in the price level from the previous period.28. If the nominal interest rate is 8% and rate of inflation is 2%, the real interest rate is ( )a. 16%.b. 10%.c. 6%.d. 4%.29. A certificate of indebtedness that specifies the obligations of the borrower to the holder is called a ( )a. stock.b. mutual fund.c. bond. d. All of the above are correct.30. An increase in the budget deficit shifts the ( )a. demand for loanable funds left.b. demand for loanable funds right.c. supply of loanable funds left.d. supply of loanable funds right.31. Which of the following people is counted as unemployed according to official statistics? ( )a. Nancy, who is on temporary layoffb. Gary, who has retired and is not looking for workc. Brian, a full-time student who is not looking for workd. All of the above are correct.32. Sectoral shifts in the economy ( )a. create structural unemployment.b. immediately reduce unemployment.c. on net leave unemployment unchanged.d. increase unemployment due to job search.33. Which of the following best illustrates the unit of account function of money? ( )a. You list prices for candy sold on your Web site, , in dollars.b. You pay for tickets to a WNBA game with dollars.c. You keep $10 in your backpack for emergencies.d. None of the above is correct.34. If banks choose to hold more excess reserves, ( )a. required reserves in the banking system increase.b. the money multiplier will increase.c. the discount rate will increase.d. the money supply falls.35. When the price level rises, the number of dollars needed to buy a representative basket of goods ( )a. decreases, so the value of money rises.b. decreases, so the value of money falls.c. increases, so the value of money rises.d. increases, so the value of money falls.36. Given a nominal interest rate of 20 percent, in which case would you earn the highest after-tax real interest rate? ( )a. Inflation is 5 percent; the tax rate is 20 percent.b. Inflation is 4 percent; the tax rate is 30 percent.c. Inflation is 3 percent; the tax rate is 40 percent.d. The after-tax real interest rate is the same for all of the above.37. If the money supply growth rate permanently increased from 10 percent to 20 percent we would expect that inflation and nominal interest rates would both increase ( )a. by more than 10 percentage points.b. by 10 percentage points.c. but by less than 10 percentage points.d. None of the above is correct.38. Economists understand that people respond to ( )a. the wishes of policymakers.b. tax breaks, but not tax hikes.c. threats more than rewards.d. incentives.39. Which of the following is the most correct statement about the relationship between inflation and unemployment? ( )a. In the long run, reducing inflation is associated with rising unemployment.b. In the short run, reducing inflation is associated with falling unemployment.c. In the long run, reducing inflation is associated with falling unemployment.d. In the short run, reducing inflation is associated with rising unemployment.40. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries’ ( )a. population growth rates.b. endowments of natural resources.c. defense budgets.d. productivity.Part 3: Answer following questions (4×5′=20′)1. Draw the circular flow diagram, mark the flow of goods and service, the flow of money according to the following events:(1) Professor Zhang bought a new house by $500,000.(2) Construction firm pay Tom (worker) $ 800 as the wage.(3) Mr. Black got dividend $10,000 from a firm as one of the stock-holder.2. How will following events influence the GDP of U.S. by expenditure method?(1)Boeing Company sold a plane to the U.S. Air Force.(2)Boeing Company sold a plane to the U.S. Air Company.(3)Boeing Company sold a plane to the Franc Air Company.(4)Boeing Company sold a plane to Mr. Cross.(5)Boeing Company produced a plane which will be sold in the next half year.3. Who control the money supply? How does it control?4. Suppose Iran and Iraq both sell crude oil. If Iran affords a high production while Iraq affords a high production, Iran can get $40 billion. If Iran affords a low production while Iraq affords a high production, Iran can get $30 billion. If Iran affords a high production while Iraq affords a low production, Iran can get $60 billion. If Iran affords a low production while Iraq affords a low production, Iran can get $50 billion. If Iran affords a high production while Iraq affords a high production, Iraq can get $40 billion. If Iran affords a low production while Iraq affords a high production, Iraq can get $60 billion. If Iran affords a high production while Iraq affords a low production, Iraq can get $30 billion. If Iran affords a low production while Iraq affords a low production, Iraq can get $50 billion. Try to find the Nash equilibrium.Part 4: Analyze following questions (15′×2=30′)1． The equilibrium of orange market and orange-picking market （15′）Suppose the bad weather decrease the harvest of orange in Florida.（1） Try to analyze how orange price changes and how marginal product of orange-pickingchanges.（3′）（2） Suppose consumer ’s demand for orange is perfect elastic. Try to analyze how the demandfor orange-picking change? How does the equilibrium wage of orange-pickers change?(draw pictures of orange market and orange-picking market to analyze)（3′）（3）Suppose consumer’s demand for orange is perfect inelastic. Try to analyze how the demand for orange-picking change? How does the equilibrium wage of orange-pickers change? (draw a picture of orange market and orange-picking market to analyze) (Reference: how does the equilibrium quantity change in orange market?)（3′）（4）Suppose we take new technique in orange picking such as using machine. Can you analyze the change of equilibrium wage in orange picking? (Reference: Is it similar with the influence of bad weather?)（3′）（5）Suppose the harvest of apple make some workers turn to pick apples. Can you analyze the change of equilibrium wage in orange picking? What is the influence to orange price?Draw pictures to analyze.（3′）2．Price discrimination and social welfare（15′）Suppose you live in a town with 300 adults and 200 children. You are planning to hold a performance to earn money. The fixed cost of performance is $2,000, while the marginal cost of（1）In order to get maximum profit, what price will you decide for adult ticket? How many adults and children will watch the performance? What price will you decide for children ticket? How much profit can you earn? How much is the social welfare? Is it an efficient result?（4′）（2）If the government pass a law, and price discrimination is illegal now. What is your price now? How much profit can you earn? How many adults and children will watch the performance? How much is the social welfare?（2′）（3）Price discrimination is illegal now. How do your welfare, adults’ welfare and children’s welfare change?（3′）（4）If the fixed cost is $2,500 instead of $2,000. Will it change your decision on price in question (1)?（2′）（5）If the fixed cost is $2,500 instead of $2,000. Will it change your decision on price in question (2)? If you choose to give up the performance, is it a good choice according to social welfare maximum?（4′）。
华中农业大学(已有10试题)
华中农业大学植物科技学院化学（含无机化学和有机化学）1997——1998，2000——2008化学无机化学2010化学之有机化学2010化学（农学门类联考试卷）2008生物化学1999——2010（注：2002年有A、B卷，2002年A、B卷有答案）细胞生物学1999——2002，2004——2010植物生理学与生物化学（农学门类联考试卷）2008植物生理学2002——2004、2010数学（农学门类联考试卷）2008数学1997，1999——2002生命科学技术学院微生物学1995——2010（注：1999年共3页，缺P3）生物化学1999——2010（注：2002年有A、B卷，2002年A、B卷有答案）化学（含无机化学和有机化学）1997——1998，2000——2008化学无机化学2010化学之有机化学2010遗传学1999——2006、2010细胞生物学1999——2002，2004——2010植物学2006——2010植物生理学2002——2004、2010数学1997，1999——2002发酵设备2006——2010化工原理2006——2010理学院化学（含无机化学和有机化学）1997——1998，2000——2008化学无机化学2010化学之有机化学2010化学（农学门类联考试卷）2008资源环境学院化学（农学门类联考试卷）2008化学（含无机化学和有机化学）1997——1998，2000——2008化学无机化学2010化学之有机化学2010数学（农学门类联考试卷）2008数学1997，1999——2002植物生理学与生物化学（农学门类联考试卷）2008植物生理学2002——2004、2010森林生态学2008园艺林学学院园林植物学2006——2008森林生态学2008-----2010园林设计2008化学（农学门类联考试卷）2008化学（含无机化学和有机化学）1997——1998，2000——2008化学无机化学2010化学之有机化学2010植物学2006——2010数学（农学门类联考试卷）2008数学1997，1999——2002植物生理学与生物化学（农学门类联考试卷）2008植物生理学2002——2004、2010食品科技学院食品化学2004——2005，2007——2010食品化学与分析2006（注：本卷共3页，只有第3页）化学（含无机化学和有机化学）1997——1998，2000——2008化学无机化学2010化学之有机化学2010生物化学1999——2010（注：2002年有A、B卷，2002年A、B卷有答案）数学（农学门类联考试卷）2008数学1997，1999——2002工程技术学院（无工程技术学院试卷）动物科学—动物医学学院动物生理学与生物化学（农学门类联考）2008化学（农学门类联考试卷）2008化学（含无机化学和有机化学）1997——1998，2000——2008化学无机化学2010化学之有机化学2010数学（农学门类联考试卷）2008数学1997，1999——2002水产学院化学（农学门类联考试卷）2008化学（含无机化学和有机化学）1997——1998，2000——2008化学无机化学2010化学之有机化学2010数学（农学门类联考试卷）2008数学1997，1999——2002经济管理学院、土地管理学院农业经济学1999——2006西方经济学2002，2005现代经济学2003——2004，2006数学1997，1999——2002土地利用规划学1999——2002土地管理学2007、2010土地行政管理2010文法学院法学综合（含法理学、宪法学、民法学）2010 中国特色社会主义理论与实践2010社会学研究方法2010。
西方经济学第二版课后答案
西方经济学第二版课后答案【篇一：西方经济学第二章习题答案】txt>1. 已知某一时期内某商品的需求函数为qd＝50－5p，供给函数为qs＝－10＋5p。
(1)求均衡价格pe和均衡数量qe，并作出几何图形。
(2)假定供给函数不变，由于消费者收入水平提高，使需求函数变为qd＝60－5p。
求出相应的均衡价格pe和均衡数量qe，并作出几何图形。
(3)假定需求函数不变，由于生产技术水平提高，使供给函数变为qs ＝－5＋5p。
求出相应的均衡价格pe和均衡数量qe，并作出几何图形。
(4)利用(1)、(2)和(3)，说明静态分析和比较静态分析的联系和区别。
(5)利用(1)、(2)和(3)，说明需求变动和供给变动对均衡价格和均衡数量的影响。
解答：(1)将需求函数qd＝50－5p和供给函数qs＝－10＋5p代入均衡条件qd＝qs，有50－5p＝－10＋5p得pe＝6将均衡价格pe＝6代入需求函数qd＝50－5p，得或者，将均衡价格pe＝6代入供给函数qs＝－10＋5p，得所以，均衡价格和均衡数量分别为pe＝6，qe＝20。
如图2—1所示。
图2—1(2)将由于消费者收入水平提高而产生的需求函数qd＝60－5p和原供给函数qs＝－10＋5p代入均衡条件qd＝qs，有60－5p＝－10＋5p得pe＝7将均衡价格pe＝7代入qd＝60－5p，得或者，将均衡价格pe＝7代入qs＝－10＋5p，得所以，均衡价格和均衡数量分别为pe＝7，qe＝25。
如图2—2所示。
-1 -图2—2(3)将原需求函数q＝50－5p和由于技术水平提高而产生的供给函数qs＝－5＋5p代入均衡条件qd＝qs，有50－5p＝－5＋5p得pe＝5.5将均衡价格pe＝5.5代入qd＝50－5p，得或者，将均衡价格pe＝5.5代入qs＝－5＋5p，得所以，均衡价格和均衡数量分别为pe＝5.5，qe＝22.5。
如图2—3所示。
d图2—3(4)所谓静态分析是考察在既定条件下某一经济事物在经济变量的相互作用下所实现的均衡状态及其特征。
西方经济学说史-全292页
上海人民出版社，2002年。（限选课）
《西方经济学说史》的参考教材
1.《西方经济学演义》 徐平华 江西人民出 版社
2.《中西经济思想纲要》 戴家龙 赵建 安 徽大学出版社
3.《经济思想的成长》 亨利•威廉•斯皮格尔 中国社会科学出版社
他拥护斯巴达的贵族政体，反对雅典的民主制。 公元前 388年创办“阿卡德米亚”哲学学园。 在此讲学，直到死去。
（2）柏拉图：《理想国》和《法律论》。 在《理想国》中，看到尖锐的社会矛盾正动摇着奴隶制度， 提出跟人类理性相一致的正义原则来组织一个消除贫富对 立的国家。 在《法律论》中，柏拉图主张平分土地，归属各居民户。
全书大体分为两部分：
一部分论述与奴隶经济制度有关的问题，诸如 奴隶主的经济任务，财产的经营与管理，奴隶 的管理与训练，管家人的挑选和培养等；
另一部分涉及生产力问题，例如论述农业的重 要性、农业耕作技术问题。
色诺芬重视农业的发展，认为只有农业发展，奴 隶制的经济才能发展。农业是希腊自由民的最好 的职业。
西方经济学说史
绪论
1、内涵。 是一门具有一定理论性和历史性特点的经 济理论学科，研究经济思想和理论产生、 发展和变化的历史，从中了解一些概念与 范畴、理论与政策及其产生和运用的条件。 一般说来，划分经济学说流派的标准是: 理论观点上基本一致 分析方法上基本一致 政策主张上基本一致
2、本课程的基本目标
如果一个人专门作一种工作，他所生产出来的产 品必然较好和较多。所以，一国中应该有专门从 事各种行业的人。
他把分工看做是社会分裂为阶级的基础，而分 工又被视为是出于天性和经济生活所必需的一 种自然现象。
西方经济学-西方经济学试卷A及答案【大学考试试题】
《西方经济学》试卷A适用专业： 考试时间：一、单选题（每小题1分，共20分）1.经济学可定义为（ ）A.政府对市场制度的干预B.消费者如何获取收入C.研究如何最合理地配置稀缺资源于诸多用途D.企业取得利润的活动2.在某一时期内彩色电视机的需求曲线向左平移的原因是（ ） A.彩色电视机的价格上升B.消费者对彩色电视机的预期价格上升C.消费者对彩色电视机的预期价格下降D.黑白电视机的价格上升3.如果某商品价格变化引起厂商销售收入同方向变化，则该商品是（ ）。
A ．富有弹性 B.缺乏弹性 C.完全弹性 D.完全无弹性4.如果一条线性需求曲线与一条曲线型的需求曲线相切，则在切点处两条需求曲线的价格弹性系数（ ）A.不相同B.相同C.可能相同，也可能不相同D.根据切点位置而定 5.当消费者的收入增加80%时，某商品的需求量增加40%，则该商品极可能是（ ）A.必需品B.奢侈品C.低档商品D.吉芬商品 6.当总效用增加时，边际效用（ ）A.为正值，且不断增加B.为负值，且不断减少C.为正值，且不断减少D.为负值，且不断增加7.当X 商品的价格下降时，替代效应X1X"=+5，收入效应X" X2=+3。
则该商品是（ ）A.正常商品B.一般低档商品C.吉芬商品D.独立商品8.消费者的收入不变，但其中一种商品的价格变化，则消费可能线（ ） A ．不动 B ．向右上方移动 C ．向左下方移动 D ．绕着某一点转动 9.已知某企业的生产函数Q=10K L （Q 为产量，L 和K 分别为劳动和资本），则（ ）A.生产函数是规模报酬不变B.生产函数是规模报酬递增C.生产函数是规模报酬递减D.企业处于内部经济阶段 10.等成本曲线绕着它与纵轴Y 的交点向外移动表明 ( )A.生产要素Y 的价格下降了B.生产要素x 的价格上升了C.生产要素x 的价格下降了D.生产要素Y 的价格上升了 11.正常利润是（ ）的一个组成部分A.显成本B.隐成本C.机会成本D.固定成本 12.随着产量的增加，短期固定成本（ ）A ．增加B ．减少C ．不变D ．先增后减13.已知产量为8个单位时，总成本为80元，当产量增加到9个单位时，平均成本为11元，那么，此时的边际成本为（ ）A ．1元B ．19元C ．88元D ．20元 14.短期内在每一产量上的MC 值应该（ ）A.是该产量上的TC 曲线的斜率，但不是该产量上的TVC 曲线的斜率B.是该产量上的TVC 曲线的斜率，但不是该产量上的TC 曲线的斜率C.既不是该产量上的TVC 曲线的斜率，也不是该产量上的TC 曲线的斜率D.既是该产量上的TVC 曲线的斜率，也是该产量上的TC 曲线的斜率 15.在MR=MC 的均衡产量上，企业（ ）A.必然得到最大利润B.必然得到最小利润C.若获利，则利润最大若亏损，则亏损最小D.不可能亏损16.如果在厂商的短期均衡产量上，AR 小于SAC ，但大于AVC ，则厂商（ ） A.亏损，立即停产 B.亏损，但继续生产C.亏损，生产或不生产都可以D.获得正常利润，继续生产 17.如果一个行业是一个成本递增行业，则（ ） A.行业的长期供给曲线有一正的斜率 B.行业的长期供给曲线有一负的斜率C.生产中使用的要素供给曲线是垂直的D.短期平均成本曲线不是U 型的18.经济学家一般把（ ）企业在LAC 最低点上的产量称作理想的 产量A.垄断B.垄断竞争C.完全竞争D.寡头 19．（ ）厂商所面临的需求曲线有两种，它们通常被区分为d 需求曲线和D 需求曲线A.完全竞争B.垄断竞争C.垄断D.寡头 20.在垄断厂商的长短期均衡产量上可以有（ ）A ．P ＞LACB ．P ＜LAC C ．P 等于最小的LACD ．P 等于最小的LMC二、判断题（每小题1分，共10分）1.随着技术进步和经济发展，稀缺问题将最终消失。
西方经济学名词解释（宏观部分）
西方经济学名词解释（宏观部分）西方经济学名词解释（宏观部分）1、国内生产总值（简称GDP)是指在一定时期内（一个季度或一年），一个国家或地区的经济中所生产出的全部最终产品和劳务的价值，常被公认为衡量国家经济状况的最佳指标。
2、国民生产总值(简称GNP)是最重要的宏观经济指标,它是指一个国家地区的国民经济在一定时期（一般1年）内以货币表现的全部最终产品（含货物和服务）价值的总和。
是一国所拥有的生产要素所生产的最终产品价值，是一个国民概念。
3、国民收入是指物质生产部门劳动者在一定时期所创造的价值。
从社会总产值中扣除物质消耗后的剩余部分就是国民收入，国民收入（价值形态）=社会总产值-已消耗生产资料价值或国民收入（实物形态）=社会总产品-已消耗生产资料。
4、消费倾向定义①指一定消费者群体(如儿童、妇女、青年、中年、老年人)在不同时期对商品需求的变动趋向。
它取决于购买力水平、商品供应品种和社会风尚等。
②指消费开支占收入的比例5、平均消费倾向简称APC）又称消费倾向，是指任一收入水平上消费支出在可支配收入中的比率，如用公式表示则是：APC=C/Y6、边际消费倾向边际消费倾向是消费曲线的斜率，它的数值通常是大于0而小于1的正数，这表明，消费是随收入增加而相应增加的，但消费增加的幅度低于收入增加的幅度，即边际消费倾向是随着收入的增加而递减的。
7、平均储蓄倾向平均储蓄倾向是指任一收入水平上储蓄在收入中所占的比率,其公式为:APS=sy.平均储蓄倾向是递增的.边际储蓄倾向是指在增加一个单位收入中用于储蓄的部分所占的比率,也就是储蓄增量对收入增量的比率。
8、边际储蓄倾向（MPS）是指每增加一单位收入中用于增加的储蓄部分的比率。
9、资本边际效率是凯恩斯提出的一个概念，按照他的定义，资本边际效率（Marginal Efficiency of Capital，MEC）是一种贴现率，这种贴现率正好使一项资本物品的使用期内各预期收益的现值之和等于这项资本品的供给价格或者重置资本。
西方经济学作业单项选择题
西方经济学—-—单项选择题第一章一、单项选择题1．在封闭经济条件下,两部门经济是指(D ）。
D．家庭与厂商2．西方经济学可以定义为（A）。
A．研究任何配置资源3．经济学主要是研究（A )。
A．与稀缺性和选择有关的问题4．资源稀缺是指（B )。
B．相对于人们的欲望而言，资源是不足的5．经济物品是指（D )。
D．有用且稀缺的物品6．西方经济学者认为美国的经济是一种（C）。
C．混合的资本主义经济制度7．西方经济学萌芽时期的代表流派是（B）。
B．重商主义8．西方经济学萌芽时期的杰出代表人物是（A )。
A．托马斯9．西方经济学萌芽时期的代表著作是( C）.C．《英国得自对外贸易的财富》10．西方经济学产生与形成时期的代表流派是（C)。
C．古典经济学11．西方经济学产生与形成时期的杰出代表人物是（C）。
C．亚当?斯密12．西方经济学产生与形成时期的代表著作是（B )。
B．《国富论》13．被经济学界称为具有划时代意义的、是经济学说史上的第一次革命著作是（A）。
A．《国富论》14．西方经济学完善与发展时期的代表著作是（A ）。
A．《政治经济学及赋税原理》15．19世纪初期,英国古典经济学的杰出代表人物是（B）。
B．李嘉图16．经济学说史上的第二次革命的代表人物是（C）。
C．瓦尔拉斯17．微观经济学和宏观经济学作为独立学科分为两个学科的时间是（C ）。
C．20世纪初18．被经济学界称为具有划时代意义的、是经济学说史上的第三次革命著作是(C ）。
C．《就业、利息和货币通论》19．实现凯恩斯主义和新古典经济学结合的经济学家是（A）.A．萨缪尔森20．运用数学和现代计算工具,确定经济运行中目标最优化的论证方法是( B）。
B．最优分析21．以一定的价值判断为基础，提出分析和处理问题的标准,作为决策的前提和制定政策的依据的分析方法是（C )。
C．规范分析22．是以对宏观经济运行总量指标的影响因素及其变动规律进行分析的方法是（D）.D．总量分析23．以下属于存量的是（A ）。