徐汇词汇班第二次笔记
《英语词汇学》串讲笔记2
Chapter 4Word Formation II一、【考情分析】本章主要考核的知识点为：词缀法，复合法，转类法，拼缀法，截短法，首字母缩略法，逆生法，专有名词普通化。
通过对本章的学习，考生应该了解现代英语的主要构词法，这些构词法在英语词汇发展中的地位，提高构词能力，自觉扩大词汇量。
在历年考试中：常常以选择题，名词解释，填空题的形式对本章知识点进行考核。
二、【知识串讲】重点知识锦集：1. The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation.2. According to the positions which affixes occupy in words, affixes falls into two subclasses:prefixation and suffixation.（前缀和后缀）3. Affixation is also known as derivation.4. Prefixes do not generally change the word-class of the stem but only modify its meaning.5. Suffixes have only a small semantic role, their primary function being to change the grammatical function of stems. In other words, they mainly change the word class.6. We shall group suffixes on a grammatical basis into noun suffixes, verb suffixes, adjective suffixes, etc.7. Compounds can be written solid, hyphenated and open.（连写的，加连字符号的，不连写的）8. Most compounds consist of only two stems but are formed on a rich variety of patterns and the internal grammatical relationships within the words are considerably complex.9. Conversion is also known as functional shift.（功能转换）10. Words produced by conversion are primarily nouns, adjectives, and verbs.11. The most productive, however, is the conversion that takes place between nouns and verbs.12. Unlike verbs, not all adjectives which are converted can achieve a full noun status. Some are completely converted, thus known as full conversion,（完全转换）others are only partially converted, hence partial conversion.（部分转换）13. Blending（拼缀法）is a very productive process and many coinages resulting from blending have become well-established.14. As far as the structure is concerned, blends fall into four major groups: head+tail, head+head, head+word, word+tail.15. The overwhelming majority of blends are nouns.16. Blends are mostly used in writing related to science and technology, and to newspapers and magazines.17. There are four common types of clipping: front clipping, back clipping, front and back clipping, phrase clipping.18. Both intialisms and acronyms have become very popular since the Second World War and thus extremely productive.19. Words created through back-formation are mostly verbs.20. Stylistically, back-formed words are largely informal and some of them have not gained public acceptance.21. Open compounds look like free phrases as the elements forming each word are writtenseparately.22. As a rule, the stress of compounds falls on the first element.23. A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so the internal structure can not be changed.24. Conversion（转换法）refers to the use of words of one class as that of a different class.25. Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.名词解释：1. affixation（词缀法）: Affixation is generally defined as the formation of words by adding word-forming or derivational affixes to stems.2. prefixation（前缀法）: Prefixation is the formation of new words by adding prefixes to stems.3. suffixation（后缀法）: Suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to stems.4. compounding（合成法）: Compounding, also called composition, is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. Words formed in this way are called compounds.5. conversion（转换法）: Conversion is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.6. blending（拼缀法）: Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. Words formed in this way are called blends or pormanteau words.7. clipping（截短法）: Another common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called clipping.8. acronymy（首字母拼音法）: Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.9. initialisms（首字母缩略词）: Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter.10. acronyms（首字母拼音词）: Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word.11. back-formation（逆生法）: Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. It’s therefore the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.论述问答题：1. In what aspects do compounds differ from free phrases?答：Compounds differ from free phrases in the following three aspects:1). Phonetic features. In compounds the word stress usually occurs on the first element whereas in noun phrases the second element is generally stressed if there is only one stress.2). Semantic features. Compounds are different from free phrases in semantic unity. Every compound should express a single idea just as one word.3). Grammatical features. A compound tends to play a single grammatical role in a sentence, for example, a verb, a noun, or an adjective.2. What is the best way to classify prefixes? Why?答：Prefixes do not usually change the word-class of the stem but only modify lts meaning. Although present-day English finds an increasing number of class-changing prefixes, they make up only an insignificant number in the huge contemporary vocabulary. It might be the best way to classify prefixes by their non-class-changing feature.3. In what way are compound verbs generally formed? Give examples to illustrate your point.答：Compound verbs are created either through conversion or back-formation. This could be illustrated by two words, nickname and chain-smoker. Nickname, which is originally a noun, can be used as a verb through conversion. Chain-smoker, which is originally a noun, can turn into a verb through back-formation.4. What is the difference between partial and full conversion? Explain them with examples. 答：When converted to nouns, not all adjectives can achieve a full noun status. Some are completely converted, thus known as full conversion, others are only partially converted, hence partial conversion. When a noun fully converted from an adjective has all the characteristics of a noun, it can take an indefinite article or-(e)s to indicate singular or plural number. For example, adjective “white”can be fully converted to a noun “white”, which can take indefinite article: a white. When a noun partially converted from adjectives do not possess all the qualities a noun does. They must be used together with the definite article, and they retain some of the adjective features. For example, the poor, the rich.5. Both back-formation（逆生法）and back-clipping（截后留前）are ways of making words by removing the endings of words. How do you account for the coexistence of the two? Can you explain the difference?答：Back-formation is the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes. It’s considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. For example, “loafer”may be assumed to derive from the verb “loaf”’on the analogy of known derivatives, such as “swimmer” from “swim” or “driver” from “drive”. By removing the supposed suffixes –er from “loafer”, a verb “loaf”‟is coined. Majority of back-formed words are verbs. Back-clipping is different. The deletion occurs at the end of the word(usually a noun). Both the original long word and its short form remain in the same word class. In diffe rent context, one could be used in other‟s place.6. After he comes back, he oiled machine.In above sentence, which word is the converted word? Explain the type of the conversion and the effect of the conversion.答：In this sentence, the word “oil”is the converted word. It is converted from a noun to a verb. When it was used as a noun, the meaning of it is that “油”. But in this sentence, it was used as a verb, the meaning is “给…加油”; As is often the case, a noun can be converted to a verb without any change. The use of the verb converted is both economical and vivid.Chapter 5Word Meaning一、【考情分析】本章主要考核的知识点为：“意义”的意义，词义的理据，词义的类别。
上海市高考英语 二笔量化记忆素材
二笔识记部分---续（ 1 ）不定冠词(注意斜体字和加下划线的部分)指示代词常用介词介词from的搭配介词off的搭配介词on的搭配介词搭配辨析副词away和down的搭配副词out的搭配常见的不规则动词表词汇形容词同义、近义And you? ---How/What about you? 你呢？Can I help you? ---What can I do for you? 我能为你做点什么？How do you like…? --- What do you think of …? 你觉得…怎么样？How is the weather? ---What’s the weather like? 天气怎么样？Take it easy. --- Don’t be nervous. 别紧张。
That’s all right. --- Never mind. 没关系。
The book belongs to me. ---The book is mine. 这本书是我的。
What’s the matter? ---What’s wrong? 怎么了？What’s your favorite season? ---Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？What’s your job? ---What do you do? 你做什么工作的？You’re welcome. ---That’s all right. / Not at all.不用谢。
上海市高考英语二笔量化记忆素材She comes from America. ---She is from America. / She is American.她是美国人。
上海徐汇、黄浦、杨浦区2018年二模卷英语阅读生词难词整理
上海徐汇、黄浦、杨浦区2018年二模卷英语阅读生词难词整理By 乄弑灭灬天涯1、screen 屏幕n.2、sedentary需要久坐的; 惯于久坐不动的; 定居的adj.3、tablet药片; 片剂; 丸n.4、limit 限制v.5、browse浏览，翻阅v.6、pastime消遣，休闲活动n.7、log off 注销; 退出登录，离开（计算机系统）8、proper 恰当的，正确的adj.9、pronunciation 读音，发音n.10、earplug 耳塞(用以挡噪音、防水) n.11、monitor 监视，检察v.12、anyway 无论如何adv.13、as the saying goes 正如俗话所说14、exist 存在v.15、bring a plate （invitation）英语释义：when you are invited to a party and asked to 'bring a plate', this means to bring a dish of food to share with your host and other guests. Take the food to the party in any type of dish, not just a plate, and it is usually ready to serve. This is common for communal （共享的）gatherings such as for school, work or a club. If you are unsure what to bring, you can ask the host.16、pool 集中资源(或材料等) v.17、effortless 不需费力的; 容易的v.18、pray 祈祷v.19、increasingly 越来越多地，逐渐增加地adv.20、chef 厨师，主厨n.21、jewel 宝石，珠宝n.22、shine – shone – shone 闪闪发光v.23、frame (图画、门、玻璃等的) 框架; (家具、建筑物、车辆等的) 构架n.24、majesty (对国王或女王的尊称) 陛下; 王权n.25、cruise 乘船游览n./v.26、trend 趋势n.27、massive 巨大的；结实的adj.28、fuel 燃料n.29、issue 重要议题n. 宣布v.30、store 贮存v. 百货商店n.31、biology 生物学n.32、psychology 心理学n.33、seagull 海鸥n.34、documentary 纪实的adj. 纪录片n.35、quotation mark 双引号36、personalize 个性化，个人化v.37、reliability 可靠性n.38、option 选项；选择；选择权n.39、reference 参考n./v.。
三年级英语上册单元词汇表的笔记
三年级英语上册单元词汇表的笔记人教版三年级英语上册单元词汇表（部分）Unit 1.- ruler [ˈruːlə(r)]，名词，尺子。
- pencil [ˈpensl]，名词，铅笔。
- eraser [ɪˈreɪzə(r)]，名词，橡皮。
- crayon [ˈkreɪən]，名词，蜡笔。
- bag [bæɡ]，名词，包。
- pen [pen]，名词，钢笔。
- pencil box [ˈpensl bɒks]，名词短语，铅笔盒。
- book [bʊk]，名词，书。
Unit 2.- red [red]，形容词，红色（的）- green [ɡriːn]，形容词，绿色（的）- yellow [ˈjeləʊ]，形容词，黄色（的）- blue [bluː]，形容词，蓝色（的）- black [blæk]，形容词，黑色（的）- brown [braʊn]，形容词，棕色（的）- white [waɪt]，形容词，白色（的）- orange [ˈɒrɪndʒ]，形容词/名词，橙色（的）；橙子。
Unit 3.- face [feɪs]，名词，脸。
- ear [ɪə(r)]，名词，耳朵。
- eye [aɪ]，名词，眼睛。
- nose [nəʊz]，名词，鼻子。
- mouth [maʊθ]，名词，嘴。
- arm [ɑːm]，名词，胳膊。
- hand [hænd]，名词，手。
- head [hed]，名词，头。
- body [ˈbɒdi]，名词，身体。
- leg [leɡ]，名词，腿。
- foot [fʊt]，复数形式feet，名词，脚。
010考研英语徐绽词汇笔记(二)
/s/blog_5fec0e9a0100e552.html~type=v5_one&label=rela_prevarticle010考研英语徐绽词汇笔记（二）(2009-07-29 21:02:44)标签：考研文都徐绽词汇教育分类：考研指南第九节接上节photograph photo- 光记忆：光在底片上写，释义：照片legitimate leg- 表示law回忆：elegant leg = chooselegal 否定：illegal 不合法的rational否定：irrtional 不合逻辑，不合理l开头形容词否定il-r开头的形容词否定ir-例：logical 否定illogical 不符合逻辑的legacy -acy 名词后缀记忆：法律上规定订好了的，释义：n.遗产，财产，遗赠legitimate -ate后缀，既可以表示形容词，又可以表示名词，动词后缀此单词中即表示形容词，又表示动词后缀-itim- 表示…的最高级leg-表示法律记忆：法律的最高级，释义：v.使合法，使合理；adj.合法的，合理的本文中为形容词hasten 促进，促使haste匆忙的，加速的讲一种构词法：<1>adj.+en= v.可以变成动词例：shap 尖的，锋利的shapen 消尖，把…变得很尖fright 害怕，恐惧frighten 使害怕，使惊恐loose 松散loosen 解开，放松wide 宽，宽广widen 拓宽<2>en- +adj. = v.large 巨大enlarge 使扩大fore enforce 使…增加压力airforce 空军注：en加在名词后面，表示…状态的形容词，即n.+-en = adj.例：wood是木头wooden 笨拙的，呆板的goldgoldenas long as…只要…相当于if…1.★2001 Passage 2What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide.然而，那时还不太明显的是一些抵制信息差异的、新的积极因素。
2024年上海市徐汇区中考二模英语试卷含详解
2023学年第二学期徐汇区学习能力诊断卷英语试卷2024.4试卷(满分140分，考试时间90分钟)注：所有答案包括写话必须写在答卷纸上，写在试卷上不给分Part1Listening(第一部分听力)I.Listening Comprehension(听力理解):(共25分)A.Listen and choose the right picture(根据你听到的内容,选出相应的图片):(5分)B.Listen to the dialogue and choose the best answer to the question you hear(根据你听到的对话和问题，选出最恰当的答案)：(5分)6.A.Rainy. B.Cloudy. C.Windy. D.Sunny.7.A.Every day. B.Twice a week.C.Three times a week.D.Four times a week.8.A.At10:25. B.At10:30. C.At10:35. D.At10:50.9.A.Boss and clerk. B.Waitress and customer.C.Librarian and reader.D.Parent and kid.10.A.Designing the living room. B.Cleaning the bathroom.C.Decorating the dressing room.D.Moving into a new flat.C.Listen to the passage and tell whether the following statements are true or false(判断下列句子是否符合你听到的内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示)：(5分)11.The passage is about the amazing jobs done by the robots in different countries.12.The robots from a cafe in Tokyo are controlled by seventy people at home.13.Victoria is helpful for medical students to get training to solve problem of giving birth.14.At night,99shelf-sorting robots work at some libraries in Singapore.15.With radio scanners,shelf-sorting robots can put the books back to the correct place.D.Listen to the dialogue and complete the following table(听短文,完成下列内容,每空格限填一词):(10分)16.When keeping goldfish,people may do a few common things to cause their.17.Goldfish when they have good living conditions,like a big fish tank.18.If the food can be eaten within,that's the right amount for feeding.19.When feeding,tell the children not to be with the amount of food.20.Overcrowding will produce lots of waste and the water will quickly.Part2Grammar and Vocabulary(第二部分词汇和语法)II.Choose the best answer(选择最恰当的答案):(共15分)1.Whose is the e-dictionary,your brother’s or?A.youB.yourC.yoursD.yourself2.Most children are looking forward snow and ice festivals in winter.A.toB.withC.inD.of3.My brother loves music and enjoys playing violin in his free time.A.AB.anC.theD./4.It’s a pity that I can’t find important or useful in today’s newspaper.A.somethingB.anythingC.everythingD.nothing5.Set up in1927,the Henan Museum is one of China’s________museums.A.earlyB.earlierC.earliestD.the earliest6.With a warm smile on her face,the shop assistant looks__________.A.friendlyB.kindlyC.patientlyD.gently7.Oh,no!I my school project yet.Please give me some help.A.won’t finishB.haven’t finishedC.am finishingD.don’t finish8.As a lover of Chinese culture,Tina keeps videos to learn about real life in China.A.watchB.watchingC.to watchD.watched9.A new kindergarten_________in the local area in the coming year.A.is builtB.was builtC.has been builtD.will be built10.—________is it from the botanic garden to the railway station?—It’s about two and a half kilometers.A.How farB.How longC.How soonD.How often11.You’d better_________your luggage for the important papers before leaving for the airport.A.checkB.to checkC.checkingD.checked12.There are plenty of eggs in the fridge now.You buy any.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.shouldn’tD.needn’t13.Be sure to do physical exercise from time to time,________you may get overweight again.A.andB.orC.butD.for14.No one on the team gave up halfway_______the research work was rather challenging.A.untilB.becauseC.ifD.though15._________amazing the magic show was in yesterday’s celebration!A.WhatB.What anC.HowD.How anplete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box.Each one can only be used once.(选择最恰当的选项填入空格。
徐汇2模高中
2020年上海徐汇2模语法填空Discovering a Lost BrotherKieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent. His adoption papers, (21) _______ (sign) when he was three months old, listed a brother named Vincent but no last name. Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.That changed in December 2017, when Kieron’s adoptive parents gave him an DNA test as a Christmas gift. When his results came back, he was surprised (22) _______ (find) he had a lot of DNA matches for relatives who had also taken the test. Most were distant connections, but one match was so strong that it (23) _______ (label) “close family.” His name was Vincent Ghant. Kieron looked for him on Facebook and soon made a possible connection.When they connected, it was (24) _______ _______ they had known each other their whole lives. As they talked, the brothers realized they lived about 20 minutes from each other. (25) _______(surprisingly), they attended the same university and majored and minored in the same subjects.Vincent was nine when Kieron was born and remembers caring for his baby brother. But times were tough, and Shawn, who worked 15-plus hours a day as a nurse, decided that (26) _______(place) Kieron for adoption would give him the best chance to succeed.“She was very emotional about that time, to the point (27) _______ it was hard for her to put into words anything about what happened,” Vincent says.Now the brothers had the chance to make up for lost time. They decided to meet at a local tea shop that week. One of Vincent’s concerns was that Kieron (28) _______ hate his birth family for placing him for adoption. He was relieved Kieron didn’t, and (29) _______ he’d grown up in a loving family. After that first meeting, the brothers played football together and celebrated Christmas with their families. “We’ll keep growing our relationship (30) _______ it’s time to leave this planet,” says Vincent. That shouldn’t be hard. As Kieron says, “We’ve got years and years to catch up on.”解析版：Kieron Graham always knew he had an elder brother named Vincent.Though Kieron spent years thinking about Vincent, he could never track him down.1语法知识点：标了红颜色的这句话的谓语是listed,说明sign 是非谓语，在考虑是主动和被动，应该是被签，所以是过去分词，signed。
词汇教学读书笔记
词汇教学读书笔记摘要：一、引言1.词汇在语言学习中的重要性2.词汇教学的挑战与方法二、词汇教学的方法1.直接教授法2.词根词缀教学法3.联想记忆法4.情境教学法5.任务型教学法三、各种教学方法的优缺点分析1.直接教授法2.词根词缀教学法3.联想记忆法4.情境教学法5.任务型教学法四、如何选择合适的词汇教学方法1.考虑学习者的特点2.结合课程目标和教学内容3.创设有利于词汇学习的环境五、结语1.词汇教学的重要性2.综合运用多种教学方法提高词汇教学效果正文：一、引言词汇是构成语言的基本单位，是人们进行沟通交流的基石。
对于学习者来说，掌握丰富的词汇是提高语言水平的必备条件。
然而，在实际教学中，词汇教学往往面临着诸多挑战。
如何选择合适的教学方法，提高词汇教学效果，成为广大教师关注的问题。
本文将对几种常见的词汇教学方法进行探讨，并分析其优缺点，以期为教师提供一些参考。
二、词汇教学的方法1.直接教授法直接教授法是一种传统的词汇教学方法，即教师直接向学生讲解词汇的意义、用法和拼写。
这种方法简单易行，但容易导致学生死记硬背，缺乏实际运用。
2.词根词缀教学法词根词缀教学法是通过分析词汇的词根、词缀来帮助学生理解和记忆词汇。
这种方法有助于学生掌握词汇的构成规律，提高词汇记忆效果。
3.联想记忆法联想记忆法是通过将新词汇与学习者已知的词汇、图片、情境等建立联系，从而帮助学生记忆。
这种方法生动有趣，有利于激发学生的学习兴趣。
4.情境教学法情境教学法是将词汇置于实际情境中进行教学，让学生在语境中理解词汇的意义和用法。
这种方法有助于提高学生的语言运用能力。
5.任务型教学法任务型教学法是将词汇教学融入实际任务中，让学生在完成任务的过程中学习和使用词汇。
这种方法有助于培养学生的语言实践能力。
三、各种教学方法的优缺点分析1.直接教授法：简单易行，但容易导致学生死记硬背，缺乏实际运用。
2.词根词缀教学法：有助于学生掌握词汇的构成规律，提高词汇记忆效果，但需要一定的基础知识。
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2011年徐汇词汇班第二次笔记A字母：1. abandon vt 1.~ sb/ rubbishAbandon an orphan 遗弃一个孤儿Adopt an orphan 收养一个孤儿Adopt sb’s advice 采纳某人的建议Ad 前缀—朝某个方向Opt vi----n. option ----adj. optionalOptional courses 选修课Required courses== compulsory courses = obligatory courses 必修课v. oblige 被迫，迫使n. obligation 义务duty n. 责任职责responsibility n. 强调后果。
2. abide vi ~by 遵守Abide by= conform to =comply with the law/ regulations 遵守法律、规章制度Regulation n.V. regulate 规范、约束（原始意思）调控Regulate the Child’s behavior. 规范孩子的行为Observe the Law (仅限于口语) 遵守Observe v. 1. 遵守2. 预定=order3. 观察（意思可不记）Order 1.命令2. 订单。
place orders下定单deliver orders 接订单Deliver v. 1. ~ a baby 生孩子2. ~ a speech 宣讲3. ~ goods 运送n. delivery = express mail/ train 快递liver n.肝脏heart n.心lung n. 肺donate a kidney 捐肾donate v. 捐赠（褒义）不求回报donate money / a kidney 无条件的给contribute 贡献（中性词）原因+促成、导致+结果con= co= com=cor= col 前缀==togetherCold weather contributes to colds/ flu.Cold==风寒colds==感冒Contribute to===be contributable toFlu 词根表流动的Finance v. 为….提供资金（中性词）3. ab normal adj. 不正常的abnormal- minded 变态Ab=away from 远离、偏离Normal adj. 正常的General adj. 一般的Generally adv.Abortion n. 流产4. abolish vt abolish slavery 废除奴隶制Abolish abortion 禁止人流Abolish=ban=prohibit…sb from doing sth 禁止某人做某事Keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事Deceive sb into doing sth 骗某人做某事Persuade sb into doing sth 让某人做某事Induce sb into doing sth 引诱某人做某事Racial descrimination 种族歧视5. abundant adj. 大量的Abound v.Taihu Lake abounds in/ with fish 太湖盛产鱼Shanghai is a densely-populated city. 上海是个人口密集的城市。
Xinjiang is a scarcely-populated area. 新疆是个人烟稀少的区域。
Abundant= ample=sufficient=adequate 大量的，富足的Sufficient 反义词deficient n. deficit赤字Financial deficit 财政赤字An adequate salary/ husband/ wife.Prime minister 首相Mini=let 后缀小Pinglet 小猪booklet 小册子minibus迷你车minishirt 迷你裙6. abroad adv go abroadStudy abraodAboard 表语adj.在…上系动词之后表处于什么状态A beautiful girlAsleep adj.睡着的Alive adj.活着的live adj. 现场直播Alike adj./adv 相似的Eat alike/ think alike7. absolute adj.绝对的、完全的Solve vt solve problemsSoluable adj. 可溶的8. absorb vt 吸入Absorb water 吸水Absorb oneself in sth=be absorbed in sth/ doing sth 全神贯注做某事Wang absorbs himself in English .Wangis absorbed in history.Xiaoming wears a white coat.Xiaoming is dressed in white coat.9. abstract 1.v. ~ minerals out of ore 提炼、提取最好的（essence）2. n.（文）摘要3. adj. 抽象的Extract ex 前缀=outv. ~ a tooth 拔牙n.(文)摘录attract vt ~ one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力distract v. 使分心tractor 拖拉机shower n. 雷阵雨、淋浴A person can learn on the tractor or in the shower, on the travel or on the radio, inthe classroom or at home.10. absurd adj. 荒诞的Ab=away fromSurd=sure(人) ensure ~ sth/that 保事assure ~sb of /that 人insure 投保~sb against earthquake/ fire/ floodreassure ~sb 使放心，安慰secure anj.安全的vt。
确保得到，拿到I will secure you a ticket.Security n. security council 公安局11. abuse v. abuse captives 虐待俘虏Abuse one’s power 滥用权力Power 权力Authority 权威authorities=当局government =政府Strength 力量people’s strengthEnergy 能量adj. Energetic12. academy n. 专业院校A military academy 军校College 学院University 大学Universe n. 宇宙Academic adj. 学术的Academic degree 学位academic costume-某一特定人群所穿的特殊服装学士服13. accelerate vt 加速~ the economic development 促进经济发展V. Promote/promptn. promotion 升职He gets a promotion.14. accent n. 口音Access n. 通道、入口Excess exceed vt. 超出adj. Excessive 多的，过多的Success succeed v. 1.成功~ in doing sth 反义fail in doing sth .2.继承~to the crown/ to the property.Process proceed proceed to an MBARecession recedeConcession concede v.让步。
妥协Descendant = offspring 后代Ancestor 祖先predecessor 前辈Spring n.1 春天2. 泉水3.弹跳4. 弹簧Ascend 上升Descend 下降Depression n.1.压抑，抑郁 2. 萧条15 accident n. 事故adj. Accidental 偶然的adv. accidentallyIncident n.事件（预谋）Scissors 剪刀16. acclaim v. 欢呼，宣称Proclaim = announce war/ peace第三人称：claim argue assume assert 语气递增第一人称：think believe of the opinion17. accommodate vt 1.容纳2. 住宿accommodate sb 给sb提供住宿3. 使适应accommodate/ adapt oneself to the new invironmentBe accommodated to sth 适应Commod==cabinet n.柜子Commodity n.商品Commodious adj. 宽敞的，宽大的Attain v.1.到达，接具体概念~ the mountaintop 2. 达到，接抽象概念~ perfection 臻于完美Obtain v.获得=get . obtain (手段) earn (努力) acquire english 习得Receive gift 收到Receive punishment 受到处罚Accept 主动得到Contain v. 包含组成n.container be involved in sth 卷入Wu is involved in political issue. Issue—有分歧，答不成一致。
Maintain v.~the rose 保养Sustain v. 维护~ one’s life 维持生计Detain v. 耽误，耽搁n.detainmentObstain v. ~from smoking / excessive drinking 戒烟、戒酒。
法律术语Court 法院Judge v,判断Just adj. 公正、公平的justice N. bring sb to the justice审判某人Jury 陪审团serve on the juryCommit a crime/ crimes 犯罪Commission n.佣金（提成）Committee ee---被…的人Employer/eeGuilty sentence sentence sb to fine/forfeitInnocent release/set free Detainmentx-year imprisonmentextreme punishmentdeath penalty = capital punishment 死刑18.accompany vt ~sb to some place 陪伴某人去某地company n.伙伴n. corporation 公司n. venture 1.冒险，风险（社会生活）2.公司= manufacturer 制造商manuacles手铐a joint venture 合资企业v. joinadventure n. （自然界）冒险19. ac compl ish vt.完成~one’s taskCompleten. accomplishment 成就n. attainment 造诣（多指艺术）20. accord 与…相一致in accord with 一致Cord n.绳子According to = in accordance with 根据，按照accordingly=as a result= consequently 相应地On time for the class 准时n. consequence 结果On schedule 按时schedule 1.时间表 2.阴谋计划subsequently adv 接In time 及时下来即将发生的事Be late for the class 迟到sequent 序列Be early for the class 早到21. account v.做账n。