《英语词汇学》笔记1-10章
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Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and Vocabulary
重点知识锦集：
1. According to semanticists（意义学家）, a word is a unit of meaning.
2. This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary, and there is ‘no logical relationships between the sound which stands for a thing or an idea and the actual thing and idea itself’.
3. Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequency.
4. Words may fall into content words and functional words by notion.
5. Words may fall into native words and borrowed words by origin.
6. The basic word stock is the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language.
7. ‘all national character’（全民性）is the most important of all features that may differentiate words of common use from all others.
8. Content words denote clear notions and thus are known as notional words. They include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs and numerals.
9. Functional words do not have notions of their own. Therefore, they are also called empty words.
9. The English language is noted for the remarkable complexity and heterogeneity of its vocabulary because of its extensive borrowings.
10. According to the degree of assimilation and manner of borrowing, we can bring the loan-words under four classes: Denizens, Aliens, Translation-loans, Semantic-loans.
11. The differences between sound and form are due to innovations made by linguists.
12. Of all the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is all national character.（全民性）
13. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are stable.
14. In Old English there was more agreement between sound and form.
15. A word is a symbol that represents something else in the world.
16. Some words in the basic words stock are said to be stable because they refer to the commonest things in life.
17. In different language, the same concept can be represented by different sounds and the same sound can show different meanings.
18. The internal reason for the difference between sound and form is the fact of more phonemes than letters in English.
19. Native words are neutral in style and frequent in use.
20. The expression of “long time no see”is translation-loan among the four classes of borrowings.
名词解释：
1. word(词): A word is a minimal free form of a Language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
2. vocabulary（词汇）: The term ‘vocabulary’is used in different senses. Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period. We also use it to refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book,
a given disicipline and the words possessed by an individual person.
3. Jargon（专门术语）: It refers to the specialized vocabularies by which members of particular