BorgWarner -- Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century Bob.Czarnowski.
波特五力模型 英语
波特五力模型英语The Porter Five Forces ModelThe Porter Five Forces Model is a framework foranalyzing the competitiveness of an industry. It wasdeveloped by Michael Porter, a management professor atHarvard University. The model identifies five factors that determine the intensity of competition within an industry and the overall profitability of the industry.1. Threat of new entrantsNew entrants to an industry can increase competition and reduce profitability. The threat of new entrants is high when it is easy for new companies to enter the industry. Factors that determine the ease of entry include barriers to entry such as regulations, capital requirements, economies of scale, and brand recognition.2. Bargaining power of suppliersSuppliers can exert power over an industry by raising prices or reducing the quality of their products. The bargaining power of suppliers is higher when there are few suppliers, the suppliers’ products are unique, and the costof switching suppliers is high.3. Bargaining power of buyersBuyers can exert power over an industry by demanding lower prices or higher quality products. The bargaining power of buyers is higher when there are few buyers, the productsare undifferentiated, and the cost of switching products is low.4. Threat of substitute products or servicesSubstitute products or services can reduce demand for an industry’s offerings and reduce profitability. The threat of substitutes is higher when there are many substitutes available, they are of equal or better quality, and they are priced competitively.5. Rivalry among existing competitorsThe intensity of competition among existing competitors in an industry can affect profitability. Rivalry is higher when there are many competitors, the industry is growing slowly or declining, the products are undifferentiated, and exit barriers are high.In conclusion, the Porter Five Forces Model is an important tool for analyzing the competitiveness and profitability of an industry. By considering the threat of new entrants, bargaining power of suppliers and buyers,threat of substitute products or services, and rivalry among existing competitors, firms can develop strategies to compete effectively within their industry.。
创新战略orerPPT课件
从新定义本身的业务(2)
Future market focus. Greater emphasis in
market research on future customers and competitors未来的客户和竞争者。
Avoid the conventional planning mind-set. 避免 老套 Assumption: Reliable predictability. Accountability
Essentially, it is rethinking the basis of competition for any company in any industry. 竞争基础的再思考
3
战略创新的结果
A significant departure in one of three major areas:
is engrained. The performance expectation is sacred.
Embrace theory-focused planning
以理论为焦点的计划理论
Porter (Harvard University): 企业的赢利能力是 由外部竞争压力决定的. 1980S年代提出.
竞争压力来自5个方面: 3个是横向的: 来自替代者(substitutes)的竞争 新进入者Entrants 现有的竞争者Established rivals 2个是纵向的. 供应商的谈判能力Bargaining power of suppliers 购买者的谈判能力 buyers
竞争者: 与垄断程度相关.
购买者: 企业要从市场上购买原材料, 部件, 金融和劳 动力. 谈判能力(规模, 信息和自制能力)很关键. 取决 于: 价格敏感性, 产品的差异性, 如WAL-MART的谈判能 力就很强. 联想对Intel?
公共政策终结理论研究综述
公共政策终结理论研究综述摘要：政策终结是政策过程的一个环节，是政策更新、政策发展、政策进步的新起点。
政策终结是20世纪70年代末西方公共政策研究领域的热点问题。
公共政策终结是公共政策过程的一个重要阶段，对政策终结的研究不仅有利于促进政策资源的合理配置，更有利于提高政府的政策绩效。
本文简要回顾了公共政策终结研究的缘起、内涵、类型、方式、影响因素、促成策略以及发展方向等内容，希望能够对公共政策终结理论有一个比较全面深入的了解。
关键词：公共政策，政策终结，理论研究行政有着古老的历史，但是，在一个相当长的历史时期中，行政所赖以治理社会的工具主要是行政行为。
即使是公共行政出现之后，在一个较长的时期内也还主要是借助于行政行为去开展社会治理，公共行政与传统行政的区别在于，找到了行政行为一致性的制度模式，确立了行政行为的（官僚制）组织基础。
到了公共行政的成熟阶段，公共政策作为社会治理的一个重要途径引起了人们的重视。
与传统社会中主要通过行政行为进行社会治理相比，公共政策在解决社会问题、降低社会成本、调节社会运行等方面都显示出了巨大的优势。
但是，如果一项政策已经失去了存在的价值而又继续被保留下来了，就可能会发挥极其消极的作用。
因此，及时、有效地终结一项或一系列错误的或没有价值的公共政策，有利于促进公共政策的更新与发展、推进公共政策的周期性循环、缓解和解决公共政策的矛盾和冲突，从而实现优化和调整公共政策系统的目标。
这就引发了学界对政策终结理论的思考和探索。
自政策科学在美国诞生以来，公共政策过程理论都是学术界所关注的热点。
1956年，拉斯韦尔在《决策过程》一书中提出了决策过程的七个阶段，即情报、建议、规定、行使、运用、评价和终止。
此种观点奠定了政策过程阶段论在公共政策研究中的主导地位。
一时间，对于政策过程各个阶段的研究成为政策学界的主要课题。
然而，相对于其他几个阶段的研究来说，政策终结的研究一直显得非常滞后。
这种情况直到20世纪70年代末80年代初，才有了明显的改善。
波特和劳勒的激励过程模型—
五、激励模式的应用
管理者必须将劤力——业绩——报酬——满足这几个连锁 过程贯彻到知识型员工的激劥过程中去，形成促迚他们积 极行为的良性循环。
1、报酬激励
(a)金钱激劥 金钱需要始终是人类的第一需要， 是人们从事一切社会活劢的基本保证，所以，金钱 激劥是激劥的主要形式，如采取发放鼓劥性报酬、 奖金、公司支付保险金，戒在做出成绩时给予奖劥。 （b）股权激劥 股票期权是分配制度的一种创新， 股权激劥是最富成效的激劥制度之一，而股票期权 作为股权激劥的典型斱式在国外也已取得了很大的 成功。
6、双重职业途径激励法
在知识员工当中，一部分人希望通过劤力晋升为管理者， 另一部分人却只想在与业上获得提。因此，组织应该采用 双重职业途徂的斱法，来满足丌同价值观员工的需求，但 必须使每个层次上的报酬都将是可比的。
六、启示和建议
认清个体差异 使人不职务相匹配 运用目标 确保个体认为目标是可以达到的 个别化奖劥 奖劥不绩效挂钩 检查公平性系统 丌要忽视钱的因素
模型图
奖励的 价值 完成特 定任务 的能力 觉察的 公平奖 励
内在的 奖励
努力
达成绩效
外在的 奖励
满意
觉察的 努力和 获ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ奖 励的概 率
对所需 完成任 务的了 解程度
三、激励模式的特点
“激劥”导致一个人是否劤力及其劤力的程度 工作的实际绩效取决亍能力的大小、劤力程度以及对所需 要完成仸务理解的深度。 奖劥要以绩效为前提，要先完成仸务才能得到精神和物质 的奖劥。 激劥措斲是否会产生满意，取决亍受激劥者认为获得的报 酬是否公平。
3推行弹性工作制知识员工丌愿受制亍一些刻板的工作形式如固定的工作时间和固定的工作场所而更喜欢独自工作的自由和刺激以及更具张力的工作安排由亍他们从事的是思维性的工作固定的工作时间和工作场所可能会限制他们的创新能力因此应制定弹性工作制在核心工作时间不工作地点之外允许知识员工调整自己的工作时间及地点以把个人需要和工作要求之间的矛盾降至最小
策略管理
波特五力分析模型定义：Introduction：Five Forces model is proposed in the early 1980s, Michael Porter (Michael Porter), global and far-reaching impact on corporate strategy formulation. For competitive strategy analysis, analysis of the customer's competitive environment. Porter's five forces analysis of the micro-environment analysis belongs in the external environment analysis, is mainly used to analyze the relationship between the enterprise competitive landscape of the industry as well as the industry and other industries. According to Porter competition in an industry, more than in the original competitors, but there are five basic competitive forces: potential new industry entrants, substitute for competition buyer bargaining power, the bargaining power of suppliers, and competitors in the industry now competitiveness. Condition and strength of five basic forces of competition to determine the intensity of competition in the industry, and thus determines the ultimate profit potential in the industry as well as the flow of capital to the industry, all this ultimately determines the ability of enterprises to maintain a high-yield . A viable strategy proposed should first confirm and evaluate the five forces, different power characteristics and the importance of the industry and the company's different, the significance of Porter's competitive model, five competitive forcesstruggle contains three types of successful strategic thinking, and it is well-known: overall cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, specific strategy. （/wiki/Casino_industry）Advantage:Casino industry Increase investment opportunities, market potential to attract foreign investment, the investment promotion the supply spur demand, expand the employment demand, increasing employment opportunities, promote economic development, economic development and increase internal capital demand, drive the capital investment and lending, make the financial industry in the whole process of open plays an intermediary role and promote, and benefit directly. In the open process, the financial industry will face the inevitable gaming industry and its related industries to change, the competition between the financial industry, we should moderately readjust business model, improve service quality, increase the high-tech business, for the development of finance industry and pick war laid the good foundation.Advantage of five forces model:About the practical application of the five forces model, there has been a lot of controversy. More consistent view is: the model is more a theory thinking tools, rather than the actual operation of the strategic tools.The theory of this model is assumed in the following three basis:1, strategic who can learn about the industry as a whole, apparently reality is difficult to do;2, the same industry between only competitive relationship, there is no cooperation between. But in reality, there are a variety of cooperative relations between enterprises is not necessarily the rat race relations;3, the size of the industry is, therefore, only to win a share of opponents to occupy more resources and markets. Between enterprises but the reality is often not eaten opponents bigger cake in the industry but with opponents to obtain greater resources and markets. Meanwhile, the market can increase capacity through continuous development and innovation.To Porter's competitive model effectively for practical operation, the above does not exist in reality, three assumptions will allow the operator to either do nothing, either clues thousands.Porter's competitive significance of the model that contains three types ofsuccessful strategic thinking in the five competitive forces in the fight, it is well-known: cost leadership strategy, differentiation strategy, focused strategy. 波特五力分析澳门和拉斯维加博彩业Las Vegas’ leadershipLas Vegas in 1905 to build the city. 30 s, Nevada decided to make gambling become legal career, this makes a, in almost overnight, downtown casinos have been established, Las Vegas "Las Vegas" in the name also spread. 250 casinos and more than 60000 "slot machines" The Las Vegas Valley has the largest concentration of casinos in the United States. Based on revenue,Atlantic City, New Jersey ranks second, and the Chicago regionthird. Top American casino markets by revenue (2009 annualrevenue Las Vegas Strip $5.550 billion .As far as my country .The gaming industry in Macao has a long history, can be traced back to the earliest in the middle of the 19th century. Step into the 20th century, the gaming industry combined with the development of tourism, become one of the pillars of economy and finance of macau, macau bring more "Oriental monte carlo" title.Macau's play challenger role (competitor)-a success challenger2007 Macao gaming industry overall income jumps, more than $10 billion, or 46%, close to the top of the world gambling resort - the United States of Las VegasBut In 2011 the gaming industry sustained growth, industry gross income up to 2702.5 one hundred million yuan (patacas, similarly hereinafter), aggregate expenditure for 1243.8 one hundred million yuan, a 2010 greatly increased 42% and 36%. Reflect industries to the economic contribution value added amount for 1611 moreover one hundred million yuan, up 42% by the year. In addition, tourism betting facilities after completion, fixed capital formation amount by the year up 104% to 2.24 billion yuan . Las Vegas and macau's official statistics, the first 10 months of this year, Macao lottery income has quit la city 1.57 billion (patacas, similarly hereinafter). Business area and only a much-needed boost to pull city 1/10 and 1/2 of the macau, sit tight in theglobal gaming industry throne.（/n/2012/1019/c42272-19326169.html）(/06/1226/07/338K9735000120GU.html)Las Vegas,how to get its leadership again?Gaming industry of tourism.Because Las Vegas is gambling on the basis of the development of tourism, which could attract large numbers of worries, and indirectly to advertise betting Macau,How to maintain the dominant position?In the New Year, expand to the advantage of Las Vegas. Many new large casinos in macau will start business, including the $2.3 billion Venetian Macao entertainment leisure area, have 3000 rooms integrated resorts, to macau into a major exhibition center.Threats of substitute:Two enterprises in the same industry or different industries, may be due to the production of products are alternatives to each other, which between them produce competing behavior such competition from alternatives in various forms industry existing enterprise competitive strategy. First of all, the price of existing enterprise products, as well as the improvement of the profit potential, will there be users to easily accept alternatives is limited; Second, due to theintrusion of alternative producers, making existing enterprises must improve product quality or by reducing the cost to reduce the price, or make their products distinctive, or target its sales and profit growth is likely to be frustrated; third, the intensity of competition from alternative producers, the level of product buyers switching costs impact. Valuable commodity。
Bain战略分析工具英文版
Creating and managing a profit pool
Profit pool analysis may indicate new opportunities or threats
Imperatives
Be open to a new perspective on your business and industry
0
0
other components
personal computers
microprocessors
share of industry revenue
software
peripherals
Value chain focus Axes
Vertical—operating margin Horizontal—share of industry data
service repair
100%
aftermarket parts auto rental
2023/12/29
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Profit Pools: Company Examples
Companies
Automakers U-Haul Elevators (OTIS) Harley Davidson
Polaroid
Current strategy
Change product focus
Change Customer focus
2023/12/29
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Application to our cases
Retail industry (Wal*Mart) Soft drink industry (Coca-Cola and
贝恩咨询战略分析工具
贝恩咨询战略分析工具引言贝恩咨询战略分析工具是一套用于战略分析的有力工具集，主要用于帮助企业进行战略决策和业务优化。
该工具集由贝恩公司开发，通过深入剖析企业内外环境及相关数据，提供了全面的战略分析功能，帮助企业把握市场机会、规避风险、实现竞争优势。
1. SWOT分析SWOT分析是贝恩咨询战略分析工具中的一个重要组成部分。
SWOT分析是对企业的优势、劣势、机会和威胁进行评估和分析的方法。
通过SWOT分析，企业可以全面了解自身的优势和劣势，并抓住市场机会，同时应对潜在的威胁。
SWOT分析的四个要素包括：•优势（Strengths）•劣势（Weaknesses）•机会（Opportunities）•威胁（Threats）通过对这四个要素进行分析和比较，企业可以制定出更加明晰的战略和行动计划。
2. Porter五力模型Porter五力模型是贝恩咨询战略分析工具中的另一个重要组成部分。
它是由迈克尔·波特（Michael Porter）提出的一种行业竞争分析方法。
该模型通过分析行业内的竞争力量，帮助企业了解市场竞争结构，评估市场潜力和竞争压力。
Porter五力模型的五个竞争力量包括：•行业内竞争者关系•买家的议价能力•供应商的议价能力•替代品对产品或服务的威胁•新进入者对行业的威胁通过分析这些竞争力量，企业可以制定出相应的竞争策略，并且更好地应对市场竞争。
3. PESTEL分析PESTEL分析是贝恩咨询战略分析工具中的又一个重要组成部分。
PESTEL是指政治（Political）、经济（Economic）、社会（Social）、技术（Technological）、环境（Environmental）和法律（Legal）等六个方面。
通过分析这些外部环境因素，企业可以了解市场的宏观环境，并针对性地制定战略。
PESTEL分析可以帮助企业了解政策法规的变化、经济形势的发展、社会、文化和人口结构的变化以及技术创新的影响等。
波特五力分析模型
Bargaming Power of Buyers
Threat of Substitute Products
petition differs; tbe forces range from intense in industries like tires, paper and steel, where no firm earns spectacular returns, to relatively mild in industries such as oil field equipment and services, cosmetics and toiletries, where bigb returns are common. The essence of competitive strategy for a company is to find a position in its industry where it can best cope with these competitive forces or can influence them in its favor. Knowledge of tbe underlying sources of competitive pressure can reveal the basic attractiveness of an industry, highlight tbe critical strengths and weaknesses of a company, clarify tbe areas where strategic changes may yield tbe greatest payoff and pinpoint tbe industry trends tbat promise the greatest significance as either opportunities or threats. Structural Detemtinants of Competition Competition in an industry continually works to drive down .the rate of return on invested capital toward the competitive floor rate of return, or the retum that would be earned by the economist's "perfectly competitive" industry. Tbis competitive floor, or "free market," retum is approximated by the yield on long-term govemment securities adjusted upward by the risk of capital loss. Investors will not tolerate retums below this rate for very long before switching their investment to other vehicles, and firms habitually earning less tban tbis return will eventually go out of business.
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Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century U of M Conference 15JL09
Automotive Technology- a history of start/stops –and some restarts
Nissan may flip electric-vehicle switch early in U.S.
Lindsay Chappell Automotive News March 30, 2009 - 12:01 am ET
Mulally says electric vehicles to dominate Ford's future lineup
Electric Vehicles – started in 1890’s, still waiting In general, the most rapid deployment of technology occurs in 10 years after significant numbers enter production. (provide there is a market driver). Normal time is 20 years The fastest known deployment was catalytic converters, starting in 1975. Due to regulation, robust technology and capital investment made in advance, these converters were in place within 5 years. Bottom Line: Dominant Technology for 2020 is already known, just waiting to be sorted and deployed
9
Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century U of M Conference 15JL09
OEM Views - Who’s Right?
VW CEO says electric vehicles are "very far away"
Arjen Bongard Automotive News Europe March 3, 2009 10:41 CET
Current Product Coverage
Engine Valve Timing System Cabin Heater (High Voltage) HY-VO® Chain Engine Valve Timing comp. Engine Valve Timing System Transmission Components & HY-VO® Chain Transmission Components Tire Pressure Monitoring System & eGearDrive™ Turbocharger Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century U of M Conference 15JL09
Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century U of M Conference 15JL09
3
Products:
Market Drivers:
We are Powertrain Focused
Thermal Systems Thermal Management Components and Systems Visctronic® Systems Fans / Fan Drives Chain Systems Engine Timing Chain Variable Cam Timing Gemini™ Chain Systems HY-VO® Transmission Chain Oil Pumps / Drives Transmission Systems DualTronic® Clutch Module Solenoids / Control Modules One-way Clutches Friction Plates Transmission Bands
5
Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century U of M Conference 15JL09
BorgWarner = Clean Diesel
Examples - VW Jetta TDI, Mercedes C-Class & E-Class, BMW 1/3/5 Series, Mazda Atenza
Transmission Modules, One Way Clutches, Friction plates Cam Torque Actuated VCT
Turbochargers
Engine Timing Systems, HY-VO® Chain
Efficient Gasoline Examples
Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century U of M Conference 15JL09
BorgWarner = Efficient Gasoline
Examples - 2010 Ford Fusion, VW Golf, BMW Mini Cooper, Honda Fit
Energy Security/ Fuel price
Political Uncertainty
Automotive Industry
Price / Performance
Regulation / Incentives
Capital Investment
Powertrain Diversity
Gasoline Hybrids Natural Gas Electric Diesel
Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century
Bob Czarnowski Business Development Manager
July 15th, 2009
Outline
BorgWarner at a Glance Framing the Future: Looking at the Past Future Strategies & Technologies
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Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century U of M Conference 15JL09
Powertrain Market Shares: Carriages and Cars
Scenario VI: Unconstrained Fuel, Cost Driven, Clean Diesel Combustion
7
What will strategies and technologies look like in 2020?
8
Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century U of M Conference 15JL09
What will strategies and technologies look like in 2020?
VTG and R2S Turbochargers One Way Clutches, Friction Plates
Pressure Sensor Glow Plugs
DualTronic™ Dual Clutch & Control Modules
Clean Diesel Examples
6
Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century U of M Conference 15JL09
GDI
Started in the 1950’s, really only took off in the 2000’s
LD Diesel
started in the 1940’s, really only took off in the 1990’s
Fuel Injection
Started in the 1950’s, really took off in the late ‘80s
BorgWarner = Hybrid & Electric Vehicles
BorgWarner has broad production experience with current products in hybrid and electric vehicle applications
Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Applications (A few examples)
100%
Market Share
11Biblioteka Powertrain Strategies for the 21st Century U of M Conference 15JL09
Rapid Technology change and outside forces will drive more Powertrain Diversity
Air Quality GHG Concerns Customer Buying Habits Infrastructure
Mazda: Don't believe hot air being emitted by hybrid hype