2019届高考英语句子成分
2019届高考英语句子成分.doc
2019届高考英语句子成分语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如： during the 1990s, american country music has become more and more popular.（名词） we often speak english in class.（代词） one-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） to swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） the rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） when we are going to have an english test has not been decided.（主语从句） it is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：he practices running everymorning. 2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：you may keep the book for two weeks. he has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
高考英语语法句子类型及句子成分基础知识
高考英语语法句子类型及句子成分基础知识高考英语语法基础---句子种类分类一.句子种类（按照用途分类）1.陈述句2.祈使句3.感叹句4.疑问句（一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句。
）具体知识：1.陈述句陈述句(Declarative Sentence)是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。
它包括肯定句（The Affirmative Sentence）和否定句(The Negative Sentence)两种。
陈述句在书写时句末用句号，在朗读时用降调。
陈述句的五种基本句型：(1) 主语+连系动词+表语(2) 主语+谓语(不及物动词)(3) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语(4) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语(5) 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honesty.2. 祈使句祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。
因此，祈使句中一般没有主语，但根据其句意，实际上是省略了主语you。
祈使句句末用感叹号或句号，朗读时，常用降调。
在表达请求或劝告时，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。
祈使句一般没有时态的变化，也不能与情态动词连用。
Keep off the grass! 勿踩踏草地！Always keep in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.3. 感叹句感叹句的基本构成形式1）．What(＋a/an)＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语！2）．How＋形容词＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语！3）．How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！You can't imagine how crucial a role the pigeons played in the battlefields.你无法想象在过去的战场山鸽子发挥了多么重要的作用。
高考干货英语长难句结构分析（含2019年高考全国Ⅰ-Ⅲ卷长难句）
高考干货英语长难句结构分析（含2019年高考全国Ⅰ-Ⅲ卷长难句）五种基本句式英语中句子最基本的句式只有五种，其他各种句式都是由这五种基本句式转换而来。
五种基本句式如下：1. 主语＋谓语(不及物动词)2. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语3. 主语＋系动词＋表语4. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋间接宾语＋直接宾语5. 主语＋谓语(及物动词)＋宾语＋宾语补足语此外还有特殊句式如therebe-, 强调句，倒装句等。
但是在真实的语言环境中，句子结构远非这么简单。
复杂主语、复杂宾语、复杂介词短语，还有各种复杂的定语和状语等修饰成分让句子变得异常复杂。
高考阅读理解、完型填空和语法填空经常出现结构复杂的长难句，影响考生对语篇文段的理解。
另外，新高考将包括两个写作题：读后续写(概要写作)和应用文写作。
在评分标准中把“尽力使用较复杂语法结构”视为是否得高分的标准之一。
因此，学会分析长难句显得格外重要。
一、复杂主语包括下列情形：含有连词如and,both...and..., either...or..., neither...nor..., not only...but (also), as wellas；非谓语动词做主语；主语从句充当主语；同位语结构做主语等。
如：Those who werehighest in status in high school, as well as those least liked inelementary school, are “most likely toengage (从事) in dangerous and risky beha vior.”(2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解D) (as well as 连接those who...与those least liked ...做主语)The gunners liketo describe what they do as character-building, but we know that to wound an animal and watch it go through the agony(痛苦) of dying can make nobody happy. (动词不定式to do结构做主语)Connecting to the community（社区）as youfreely give your time, money, skills, or services provides a real joy. (2019高考全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解B) (-ing形式做主语)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deeprelationships wouldn't even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation.(2018全国Ⅱ卷阅读理解D) (-ing形式做主语)What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. (2019高考全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解B) (主语从句充当主语) Shackleton,a onetimeBritish merchant-navy officer who hadgot to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business...(2016全国甲卷阅读理解D) (同位语结构做主语) 二、主谓之间被介词短语、定语从句或非谓语动词分隔Mr. Robbins, together with his wife andchildren, is leavingLondon for Paris.Somepeople think that the great Chinesescholar Confucius, who livedfrom roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced thedevelopment of chopsticks.( 2016全国丙卷语法填空)Frank Hurley, aconfident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic,was hired to makethe images, most of which have never before been published.(2016全国新课标甲卷阅读理解D)According to the report's key findings, “theproportion(比例)who saythey 'never’ or 'hardly ever’ read for fun has gone from 8 percent of 13-year-olds and 9percent of 17-year-olds in 1984 to 22 percent and 27 percent respectivelytoday.”(2018全国卷Ⅱ阅读C)Thewoman sitting at the desk, seeing my madness, sympathetically jumped up. (2016全国甲卷完形填空) 三、复杂表语包括非谓语动词、表语从句等。
高中英语句子成分划分详解(全).(参考)
高中英语句子成分划分详解(全).Grammar of Unit 1Different parts of a sentence概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。
组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直截了当和间接宾语）、宾语补脚语、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，普通句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补脚语是谓语里的组成部分。
其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。
▲句子成分分类1．主语主语是谓语说述的对象，表示所讲的“是啥”或“是谁”。
普通由名词、代词、别定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。
大多数主语都在句首。
如：说述“谁”We work in a big factory.说述“啥”The classroom is very big.数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了别定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job.从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物.▲在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。
如：There are some bottles of milk in the box.▲在个不句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。
如：It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语谓语时用来讲明主语“做啥”、“是啥”或“如何样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。
如：He is very generous. She looks very smart and coolWe have finished the job. He can speak German.3．表语表语讲明主语“是啥”或“如何样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、别定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。
句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语 高考英语语法重点归纳
十一、句子成分：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语1、主语：(1)由名词、代词(人称代词用主格)、动词不定式、动名词等充当,说明动作是“谁”发出的，主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么，表示句子说的是“什么人”，或”什么事“，如“我写字”中的“我”，做出写字这个动作。
“写”则是谓语，“字”是宾语，是接受谓语“写”这个动作的对象，因此是宾语。
如：The painter painted a very nice picture. (画家画了一幅漂亮的画。
) / They fought against SARS bravely. (他们勇敢地与非典搏斗。
) / To see is to believe. (耳听为虚眼见为实). / Helping animals is to help people. (帮助动物就是帮助人类。
)(2)动词不定式或动名词做主语时可用it代替,而不定式或动名词移至表语或宾语之后。
如：It is very comfortable to have a Class A seat during the long journey. (在长途旅行中能有个甲等座位简直太舒服了。
) / Eating too much is bad for your health.(=It is bad for your health eating too much.) (吃得太多对你的身体不利。
)（比较好看，避免头重脚轻）(3)口语中常见主语或“主--系”省略：(It is) nothing. ((那)没有什么。
)/ (It) doesn’t matter.((那)没有关系。
) / (I) thank you. ((我)谢谢你。
)(4)反意问句的附加问句,主语必须是代词：The man looks worried, doesn’t he? (这个人看上去很着急不是吗？) / Tigers are dangerous animals, aren’t they? (老虎是危险的动物不是吗？)(5)祈使句一般省略主语。
2019届高考英语考前培训：写作素能培养 第1讲 句子的八种句子成分
• ②I know you take good pictures and you've always wanted to do something for environmental protection. (2016·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
• 我知道你摄影技术很好，而且你总是想为环境保护做些事情。 (名 词作宾语)
• ①状语 ②主语 ③谓语 ④宾语
3.Music can make our mind in a peaceful state
①
②
③
④
after a whole day of tiring work. ⑤
• ①主语 ②谓语 ③宾语 ④宾补 ⑤状语
4.The meeting held yesterday 在英语写作中，学生最大的困扰是无法写出正确的句子，而传统 “以考代练”的训练模式收效甚微。要从根本上提高英语写作水 平，必须从认识句子的构成要素开始，先明白各种句子成分，会 写基本的简单句，再写好各种高级复杂句，最后写出完美的精彩 文章。
• 第一讲 明白句子的八种句子成分
↓
↓
↓
↓↓
宾语
补足语
条件状 表语 定语 语从句
• Ⅱ.句子成分的用法
• 在了解了句子成分的定义和分类之后，下面结合具体的例 子，详细讲解有关句子成分的用法要点。
• 一、主语——句子的主体
• 主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句 子描述的是谁或什么。更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表 示的动作或状态的执行者。主语通常由名词 (短语)、代词、 数词、动词不定式 (短语)、动名词 (短语)或从句等充当。
• 史密斯先生，一位英语老师，告诉我说，如果他今晚有空，他会 帮我学习英语。
2019年高考英语句子成分分析真题汇编(含答案)
2019年高考英语句子成分分析真题汇编(名师精选全国真题+实战训练，建议下载练习)英语语法易混淆结构专项检测试题1．①She is such a good teacher ________ all of us love and respect.A．that B．since C．as D．who②She is such a good teacher ________ all of us love and respect her.A．that B．since C．as D．who2．①I'll go to Beijing on business tomorrow.Do you have anything ________ to your son studying in Beijing University?A．to be taken B．to take C．taken D．being taken②You'll go to Beijing on business tomorrow.Do you have anything ________ to your son studying in Beijing University?A．to be taken B．to take C．taken D．being taken3.①My father asked me ________ I was getting on well with my classmates.A．that B．if C．how D．what②My father asked me ________ I was getting on with my classmates.A．that B．if C．how D．what4．①I have been informed of when we ________ for London next year.A．will leave B．leave C．left D．have left②Let me know the news when you ________ in London next week.A．will arrive B．arrive C．arrived D．have arrived5．①He is working in a factory.It ________ a half year since he ________ a college student.A．is；was B．has been；becomeC．is；became D．has been；became②He is studying in college.It _______ a half year since he ____ a college student.A．is；was B．has been；becomeC．is；became D．has been；became6．①I can still remember the very reading room ________ we used to read in our younger days.A．what B．which C．that D．where②This is the very room ________ I slept in that evening.A．where B．which C．that D．who7．①He got up early, ________ to catch the train.A．to hope B．hoping C．hope D．hoped②He got up early ________ the first train.A．to catch B．catching C．catch D．caught8．①________ nice, the food was sold out soon.A．Tasted B．tasting C．To taste D．Being tasted②________ carefully, the mixture was bitter.A．Tasted B．Tasting C．Taste D．To taste9．①All the students ________，the report began.A．were seated B．seated C．were sitting D．sat down②All the students ________，and the report began.A．had seated B．seated C．were seating D．sat down10．①Charles Babbage is generally considered ________ the first computer.A．to invent B．to have invented C．inventing D．having invented②Charles Babbage always considered ________ the first computer.A．to invent B．to have invented C．inventing D．had invented 11．①Strange enough, she found her wallet ________ she lost it.A．where B．when C．in which D．that②Strange enough, she found her wallet in ________ was once ao old temple.A．where B．when C．what D．that12．①It was July 1, 1997 ________ saw the return of Hong Kong to the motherland.A．that B．when C．which D．in which②It was on July 1, 1997 ________ I saw the return of Hong Kong to the motherland.A．that B．when C．which D．in which13．①The doctor, ________ help the engineer managed to invent a new instrument, was praised.A．that B．with whose C．who D．whom②The doctor, ______ helped the engineer invent a new instrument, was praised.A．that B．with whose C．who D．whom14．①This book is very interesting.Where did you buy it? I will buy the same book ________ you have bought.A．which B．as C．that D．what②To my surprise, I did find the same wallet ________ I had lost the day before.A．which B．as C．that D．what15．①The house needn't ________.A．to clean B．cleaning C．be cleaned D．to be cleaned②The house doesn't need ________.A．clean B．cleaning C．be cleaned D．cleaned16．①It was a pity that the great scientist died ________ his works unfinished.A．for B．with C．because D．of②It was a pity that the great scientist died ________ cancer.A．at B．with C．because D．of17．①He was so angry ________ me that he left without saying a word.A．about B．with C．to D．at②He was so angry ______ what I had done that he left without saying a word.A．on B．with C．to D．at18．①If you like art and enjoy looking at the pictures, ________ is an interest.A．which B．that C．as D．what②You like art and enjoy looking at the pictures, ________ is an interest.A．which B．that C．as D．what19．①—Is this the first time that you ________ here in Beijing?—Yes.I think it's time that I ________ to the Great Wall.A．have been；am going B．have been；wentC．are；go D．are；will go②He was giving a lecture the first time I ________ him.A．meet B．met C．have met D．had met20．①He was praised ________ what he had done for the old man.A．that B．since C．because D．because of②He was praised ________ what he had done greatly benefited the people.A．that B．since C．because D．because of观察以下句子成分分析：定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
高考英语语法——句子成分
高考英语语法——句子成分（Sentences）（基础语法中的重中之重）重点用法①主语用法：一般位于句首，是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
由名词、代词、不定式、从句等或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
Harry Potter is the hero in this book.哈利·波特是这本书的主人公。
We often speak English in class.我们经常在课堂上说英语。
重点用法②谓语用法：常位于主语之后，说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”，总是由动词或动词短语充当。
谓语与主语在人称和数上须保持一致。
I saw your brother yesterday.我昨天看见你弟弟了。
Please look after the twins.请照看这对双胞胎。
David’s hobby is writing.戴维的业余爱好是写作。
You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
重点用法③表语用法：位于系动词之后，说明主语“是什么”，“怎么样”。
由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、从句等充当。
Andy and I are friends.我和安迪是好朋友。
I’m fourteen.我14岁了。
Leaves have gone yellow.树叶变黄了。
重点用法④宾语用法：位于及物动词之后，表示动作的对象、承受者或结果。
由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动词-ing形式或相当于名词的词或短语充当。
The workers are building the bridge.工人们正在建造这座桥。
We should learn from her.我们应该向她学习。
I enjoy sharing my work experience.我喜欢分享我的工作经验。
重点用法⑤宾语补足语用法：位于宾语后，用来补充宾语的意义。
由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语，不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词等充当。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2019届高考英语句子成分语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如： during the 1990s, american country music has become more and more popular.（名词） we often speak english in class.（代词） one-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） to swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） the rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） when we are going to have an english test has not been decided.（主语从句） it is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：he practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：you may keep the book for two weeks. he has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：we are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
例如： our teacher of english is an american.（名词） is it yours?（代词） the weather has turned cold.（形容词） the speech is exciting.（分词） three times seven is twenty one?（数词） his job is to teach english.（不定式） his hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） the machine must be out of order.（介词短语） time is up. the class is over.（副词） the truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
例如： they went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） the heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） how many dictionaries do you have? i have five.（数词） they helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） he pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） i enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） i think （that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）3456789102019-04-04语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如： during the 1990s, american country music has become more and more popular.（名词） we often speak english in class.（代词） one-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） to swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） the rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） when we are going to have an english test has not been decided.（主语从句） it is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：he practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：you may keep the book for two weeks. he has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。
如：we are students.（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。
例如： our teacher of english is an american.（名词） is it yours?（代词） the weather has turned cold.（形容词） the speech is exciting.（分词） three times seven is twenty one?（数词） his job is to teach english.（不定式） his hobby（爱好）is playing football.（动名词） the machine must be out of order.（介词短语） time is up. the class is over.（副词） the truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
例如： they went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.（名词） the heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词） how many dictionaries do you have? i have five.（数词） they helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词） he pretended not to see me.（不定式短语） i enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语） i think （that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）3456789102019-04-04语法复习一：句子成分；简单句、并列句和复合句一、句子成分（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如： during the 1990s, american country music has become more and more popular.（名词） we often speak english in class.（代词） one-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） to swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） the rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） when we are going to have an english test has not been decided.（主语从句） it is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。
谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如：he practices running every morning.2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如：you may keep the book for two weeks. he has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。