高考英语-句子成分和句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习英语句子就像一座建筑，句子成分是构成这座建筑的各种材料，而句子结构则是建筑的框架。
理解句子成分和结构对于我们正确理解和运用英语至关重要。
接下来，让我们一起深入探讨。
一、英语句子成分1、主语主语是句子所描述的主体，通常是某人、某事或某物。
它是句子的核心，决定了句子要说的是谁或什么。
比如，“The dog is cute” （这只狗很可爱。
）中，“The dog”就是主语。
2、谓语谓语表示主语的动作或状态。
它通常由动词构成。
例如，“She sings beautifully” （她唱歌很好听。
）中的“sings”就是谓语。
3、宾语宾语是动作的对象，通常是接受动作的人或物。
比如，“He bought a book” （他买了一本书。
）中的“a book”就是宾语。
4、表语表语用于说明主语的特征、状态、身份等。
常见的系动词有 be （am/is/are）、seem、look 等，其后的成分就是表语。
例如，“She is happy” （她很开心。
）中的“happy”就是表语。
5、定语定语用来修饰、限定名词或代词。
它可以是形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语等。
例如，“The red car is mine” （那辆红色的车是我的。
）中的“red”就是定语。
6、状语状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，表示时间、地点、原因、方式、程度等。
比如，“He runs fast” （他跑得很快。
）中的“fast”就是状语。
7、补语补语用于补充说明宾语或主语的情况。
例如，“We made him our monitor” （我们选他当班长。
）中的“our monitor”就是宾语补足语。
二、英语句子结构1、简单句简单句只有一个主谓结构，是最基本的句子类型。
例如，“I love you” （我爱你。
）2、并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句通过并列连词（and, but, or 等）连接而成。
英语句子成分及结构讲解分析划分和练习和答案解析
句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话,我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v。
verb 动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux。
v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective 形容词adv.adverb 副词num。
numeral 数词interj. interjection 感叹词pron. pronoun 代词prep.preposition 介词art。
article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词.The door opened。
（open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。
) He opened the door。
（open后面有宾语the door，此时，open是及物动词.)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。
如：The meeting began at six。
〈 vi.〉We began the meeting at six。
〈 vt。
〉有(答疑qq 329950885)些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同.如：The man walked away. (walk不及物动词,意为“走”) He walked the dog every day. （ walk及物动词，“遛”）She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案精修订
英语句子成分和结构讲解分析划分与练习及答案集团标准化工作小组 #Q8QGGQT-GX8G08Q8-GNQGJ8-MHHGN#句子结构及成分①相关概念1.词性的英文缩写在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。
如果我们在记单词的时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。
缩写字母原词代表词性n. noun 名词v. verb动词vt.transitive verb 及物动词vi.intransitive verb 不及物动词modal v. modal verb 情态动词aux. v. auxiliary verb 助动词adj.adjective形容词adv.adverb 副词num. numeral数词interj. interjection感叹词pron. pronoun代词prep.preposition 介词art. article 冠词conj conjunction 连词2.及物动词和不及物动词实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。
实义动词后面不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词。
The door opened.(open后面没跟宾语，此时，open是不及物动词。
)He opened the door.(open后面有宾语the door, 此时，open 是及物动词。
)注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关键是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。
有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，词义相同。
如：The meeting began at six. < vi.>We began the meeting at six. < vt.>有些动词既可作及物动词又可作不及物动词，但词义不同。
如：The man walked away. (walk不及物动词，意为“走”)He walked the dog every day. ( walk及物动词，“遛”)She washes clothes at home. (wash及物动词，“洗”)The clothes washes well. (wash不及物动词，“耐洗”)英语中一些单词是及物还是不及物，可能与汉语不同。
高考英语简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题
英语作文专题句子成分的准确定位和简单句的五种基本句型讲解一、句子成份句子有各个组成部分构成，这些组成部分叫做句子的成分。
英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。
1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
例如：Country music has become more and more popular.（名词作主语）We often speak English in class.（代词）To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）What we are going to do has not been decided.（主语从句）It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）It is useless __________ (say ) that to your neighbors.Their ___________(different ) aren’t obvious._______(listen) is important while learning a foreign language.______ he could get there remains a mystery.2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。
可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。
英语中动词一共分为四类：实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
实义动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析（考查形式：语法填空，句子翻译，及阅读中对句子的理解）二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语；that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 同位语14 定语句子，按结构，分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。
高考英语语法专题 句子成分分析—知识详解 (附练习)
高考语法专题：句子成分分析句子成分的分类：从句法功能的角度讲，句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。
主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语（宾补&主补）和同位语。
请看下面句子成分的分析，并注意这些句子成分在句子中的位置。
Mr Smith，an English teacher，told me that he would help me to learn English if he was free this evening.史密斯先生，一位英语老师，告诉我说，如果他今晚有空，他会帮我学习英语。
主要成分分析：Mr Smith，...told...↓↓次要成分分析：Mr Smith，an English teacher，told me that he...↓↓↓help meto learn English if he wasfree this evening.↓↓↓↓ ↓句子成分的用法在了解了句子成分的定义和分类之后，下面结合具体的例子，详细讲解有关句子成分的用法要点。
一、主语——句子的主体主语是句子的主体，是句子所要说明的人或事物，表示句子描述的是谁或什么。
更确切地说，主语是说明谓语所表示的动作或状态的执行者。
主语通常由名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句等充当。
链接高考：1.找出下列句子中的主语①(2017·浙江高考)Up till now, 3 boys and 4 girls have joined the team.②(2016·江苏高考)Internet voting is quite popular nowadays.2.从句子成分分析角度完成下面语法填空：①(2017·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, ________is not good for the health.[分析]空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当（句子成分），且指代前面整个主句的内容，故应填。
句子结构及成分讲解及练习
状语种类如下： 状语种类如下 a. How about meeting again at six?（时间状语） b. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语） c. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语） d. Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语） e. She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状 语） f. She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语） g. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的状语） h. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状 语） i. She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语） j. I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
（3）实义动词与助动词be构成被动语态，共 同做谓语.当然还可以与其他的助动词一块儿 构成不同时态的被动语态. a. He was fired. (was 为助动词，与其后的实义 动词fired构成被动语态，共同做谓语) fired ) b. The work has been finished. (has been 为 助动词，与其后的实义动词finished构成现在 完成时的被动语态，共同做谓语)
d. You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语） Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式） e. We saw her entering the room.（现在分词） Don’t keep the lights burning. f. We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语） Please make yourself at home. g. We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句） h. I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解
高考英语句子成分与句子结构专项讲解一、考点分析（考查形式：语法填空，句子翻译，及阅读中对句子的理解）二、专题详解Sentence Structure 句子成分练习①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.②There is an old man coming here.③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.(一) ①teacher ②man ③dictionary ④To do①I don't like the picture on the wall.A. don'tB. likeC. pictureD. wall②The days get longer and longer when summer comes.A. getB. longerC. daysD. summer③Do you usually go to school by bus?A. DoB. usuallyC. goD. bus④There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will beB. meetingC. the libraryD. afternoon⑤Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. DidB. twinsC. haveD. breakfast⑥Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.A. TomB. didn'tC. doD. his homework⑦What I want to tell you is this.A. wantB. to tellC. youD. is⑧We had better send for a doctor.A. WeB. hadC. sendD. doctor⑨He is interested in music.A. isB. interestedC. inD. music⑩Whom did you give my book to?A. giveB. didC. whomD. book(二) ①B ②A ③C ④A ⑤C ⑥C ⑦D ⑧C ⑨A ⑩A①The old man was feeling very tired.②Why is he worried about Jim?③The leaves have turned yellow.④Soon They all became interested in the subject.⑤She was the first to learn about it.①tired②worried ③yellow④interested ⑤the first①They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.②What is your given name?③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep.⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!①with the family name②given ③third④afraid ⑤downstairs ⑥of theother shoe①My brother hasn't done his homework.②People all over the world speak English.③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.④How many new words did you learn last class?⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.⑦They made him monitor of the class.⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.⑨You will find it useful after you leave school.⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾She always thinks of how she can improve her spoken English.⑿Alisa is sorry for what she said.①his homework②English③good attention, your pronunciation④new words ⑤to go ⑥he wasill⑦him ⑧the bridge; the museum ⑨it⑩who "Father Christmas" really is.⑾how she can improve her spoken English ⑿what she said①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.②He asked her to take the boy out of school.③She found it difficult to do the work.④They call me Lily sometimes.⑤I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?①to read②to take ③difficult④Lily ⑤get on ⑥playing①There was a big smile on her face.②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.③He began to learn English when he was eleven.④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.⑥She loves the library because she loves books.⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.①On her face②every night ③when he was eleven④too fast⑤With the medicine boxunder her arm⑥because she loves books⑦if you've lost it,⑧to see the other machine①Please tell us a story.②My father bought a new bike for me last week.③Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤Did he leave any message for me?⑥He told us once again that the situation was serious.(八) ①us, 间接宾语 a story, 直接宾语②me, 间接宾语a new bike, 直接宾语③us, 间接宾语history, 直接宾语④Tom, 间接宾语it, 直接宾语⑤me, 间接宾语message, 直接宾语⑥us间接宾语；that the situation was serious 直接宾语1. The students got on the school bus.2. He handed me the newspaper.3. I shall answer your question after class.4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!5. They went hunting togetherearly in the morning.6. His job is to train swimmers.7. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.8. There is going to be an American film tonight.9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.10. His wish is to become a scientist.11. He managedto finish the work in time.12. Tom came to ask me for advice.13. I have no idea when he was born.14. I don’t know the time when he was born.1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13 同位语14 定语句子，按结构，分为三类:简单句、并列句和复合句。
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To wear a flower is to sayI ' m poor, I cant buy a ring. （不定式）The question is whether they will come. （常见的系动词有 : be, sound （听起来）起来） , taste （尝, lo 、ok（表语从句）起来）,feel （摸起来，看smell （闻吃起来） , remain （保持，仍是） , feel （ Itsounds a good idea. Her voice sounds sweet.The food smells delicious. The door remains open.宾语： 1）动作的承受者动宾I like China. （名词） How many do you need? We need two.We should help the old and the poor. 词） I hope to see you again. （语从句）2 ）介词后的名词、代词和动名词Are you afraid of the snake? 不定式）rocks.感觉）The sound sounds strange. Tom looks thin.The food tastes good. Now I feel tired.He hates you. （代词）数 词）I enjoy working with you.Did you write down what he said?动名3 ）双宾语 - --------- 间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）介宾 He gave me a book yesterday. 宾补：对宾语的补充， 全称为宾语补足语。
Under the snow, there are many名词）Give the poor man some money.We elected him monitor. come here. （名）We will make them happy. Please make yourself at home. 定We all think it a pity that she didn ' t形容词） We found nobody in. （副词）介词短语）Don ' t let him do that.（省 to 不句子成分和句子结构讲解及练句习子成分主语（ subject ） : 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（ （动名词）To see is to believe. 名词） He likes dancing.数词）Seeing is believing. 不定式）What he needs is a book.主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. It 形式主 语，主语从句是真正主语） 谓语（ predicate ） : 说明主语的动作、 状态和特征。
We study English. 表语（ predicative ） : He is asleep. 系动词之 He is a teacher. 后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
代词） （名词）Five and five is ten. 容词） His father is in.数词）介词短语）副词）Seventy- four! You donHe is asleep. The picture is ont look it.the wall.My watch is gone / missing / lost. 形容词化的分词）Don' t keep the lights bur ning. （现在分词）I ' II have my bike repai red. （过去分词）主补：对主语的补充。
He was elected mon itor. She was found si nging in the n ext room.He was advised to teach the lazy boy a less on.定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yan li ng is a chemistry teacher. （名词）He is our frie nd. （代词）We bel ong to the third world. （数词）He was advised to teach the lazy boya lesso n. （形容词）The man over there is my old friend. （畐U 词）The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.（介词）The boys playi ng football are in Class 2. （现在分词）The trees pla n ted last year are grow ing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）You should do everyth ing that I do. （定语从句）状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. meeti n groom. The meet ing will be held in theThe meat went bad because of the hot weather.En glish well. He studies hard to lear n He didn ' t study hard so that he failed in the exam. much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. I like some of you very Though he is young, he can do it well.He goes to school by bike.句子结构简单句的五个基本句型主语+ 不及物动词She came . / My head aches.主语+ 及物动词+宾语She likes En glish.主语+ 系动词+主语补语She is happy .主语+ 双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语She gave Joh n a book .She bought a book for me.主语+ 宾补动词+宾语+ 宾语补语She makes her mother angryThe teacher asked me to read thepassage.（There +beThere lies a book on the desk. ）Exercises分析下列句子成分1. Our schoo 慫not far from my home.2. It is a great pleasure to talkwith you3. All of us con sidered him hon est.4. My gra n dfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.5. He broke a piece of glass. leave the6. He made it clear that he wouldcity .9. They pushed the door open. interesting story last night. 7. ---I love you more than her ，child comes.11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. highly of his teaching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. English song. 15. Don't get nervous ， help yourself to what you like more beautiful. 17. He didn't come ． That is why he didn't know She showed us her many of her pictures.16.We will make our school19. The old man lives a lonely life.20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town. 21. The cars made in Japan are better than those in Germany ． 22. There are so many people in the hall that it's hard for me to find him ．23. No matter how difficult the task may be, we must fulfil it this month. 24. Go back where you came from. 25. Wemust do whatever the people wantus to do.26. At last he got home, tired and hungry. 27. Would you please pass me the cup?28 Mary handed her homework to the teacher. 29. Do you know the latest news about him? 30. I ' ll get my hair cut tomorrow.翻 译 练 习：主谓结构 （ 主语 ＋ 不及物动词 ）1 你应当努力学习。
2 她昨天回家很晚。
3 那天早上我们谈了很多。
4 会议将持续两个小时。
5 在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化8. Tees turn green when spring10. Grandma told me an 12.All the students think18. He asked us to sing an6 这种事情全世界各地每天都在发生。