2001年5月TOEFL考题
2001 考研英语阅读真题Text 5(英语二)
2001 Text 5（英语⼆）"降档" 的⽣活When I decided to quit my full-time employment, it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of adisgraced , I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality.I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "having it all", preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine,into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life", and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and .Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".当我决定辞掉我的全职⼯作时，我从来没有想过我可能会成为国际新潮流的⼀部分。
2001年真题及解析
2001年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Part I Cloze TestDirections：For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 1 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 2 of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 3 bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 4 and will strictly control the amount of 5 that can be given to a case 6 a trial begins.In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee, Lord Irvine said he 7 with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 8 sufficient control.9 of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 10 of media protest when he said the 11 of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 12 to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 13 the European Convention on Human Rights legally 14 in Britain, laid down that everybody was 15 to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families.“Press freedoms will be in safe hands 16 our British judges,” he said.Witness payments became an 17 after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 18 to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 19 witnesses might be encouraged exaggerate their stories in court to 20 guilty verdicts.1.［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular ［D］such as2.［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening3.［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft4.［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper5.［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity6.［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as7.［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed8.［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate9.［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure10.［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash11.［A］translation ［B］interpretation ［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration12.［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than13.［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns14.［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining15.［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified16.［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by17.［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue18.［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told19.［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that20.［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart II Reading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each questions there are four answers marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (40 points)Passage 1Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units，one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur”does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professionalgeological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.21. The growth of specialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen insciences such as _______.[AJ sociology and chemistry [B] physics and psychology[C] sociology and psychology [D] physics and chemistry22. We can infer from the passage that _______.[A] there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation[B] amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science[C] professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community[D] amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones23. The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.[A] the process of specialisation and professionalisation[B] the hardship of amateurs in scientific study[C] the change of policies in scientific publications[D] the discrimination of professionals against amateurs24. The direct reason for specialisation is _______.[A] the development in communication[B] the growth of professionalisation[C] the expansion of scientific knowledge[D] the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide-the division of the world into the info (information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of businessto universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will he netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure（the basic structural foundations of a society）in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _______.[A] getting worse because of the Internet[B] the rich countries are responsible for[C] the world must guard against[D] considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _______.[A] offers economic potentials[B] can bring foreign funds[C] can soon wipe out world poverty[D] connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of_______.[A] providing financial support overseas[B] preventing foreign capital’s control[C] building industrial infrastructure[D] accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depands much on ______.[A] how well-developed it is electronically[B] whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C] whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D] how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of headscratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day’s events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusions news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers which helps explain why the “standard templates”of the newsroom seem alien many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they’re less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn’t rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.29. What is the passage mainly about?[A] needs of the readers all over the world.[B] causes of the public disappointment about newspapers.[C] origins of the declining newspaper industry.[D] aims of a journalism credibility project.30. The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be ______.[A] quite trustworthy [B] somewhat contradictory[C] very illuminating [D] rather superficial31. The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their______.[A] working attitude [B] conventional lifestyle[C] world outlook [D] educational background32. Despite its efforts, the newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readersowing to its_______.[A] failure to realize its real problem[B] tendency to hire annoying reporters[C] likeliness to do inaccurate reporting[D] prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying: "Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?"There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers' demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in thepace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition”on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U S. vs. Microsoft case ?33. What is the typical trend of businesses today?[A] to take in more foreign funds. [B] to invest more abroad.[C] to combine and become bigger. [D] to trade with more countries.34. According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is ______[A] the greater customer demands. [B] a surplus supply for the market.[C] a growing productivity. [D] the increase of the world's wealth.35. From paragraph 4 we can infer that ______.[A] the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers[B] WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs[C] the costs of the globalization process are enormous[D] the Standard Oil trust might have threatened competition36. Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can he said to be _______.[A] optimistic [B] objective[C] pessimistic [D] biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “I wanted to spend more time with my family”.Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term “downshifting”has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of “having it all”, preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the pages of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build-up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of “juggling your life”, and making the alternative move into “downshifting”brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I onceenjoyed: 12-hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on “quality time”.In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as “voluntary simplicity” has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of bestselling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletter's, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid- '90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline——after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late’80s——and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class downshifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the’80s, downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life ——growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one——as a personal recognition of your limitations.37. Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?[A] Full-time employment is a new international trend.[B] The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.[C] “A lateral move” means stepping out of full-time employment.[D] The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.38. The writer’s experiment shows that downshifting ____[A] enables her to realize her dream[B] helps her mold a new philosophy of life[C] prompts her to abandon her high social status[D] leads her to accept the doctrine of She magazine39. “Juggling one’s life” probably means living a life characterized by_____.[A] non-materialistic lifestyle [B] a bit of everything[C] extreme stress [D] anti-consumerism40. According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a result of _____[A] the quick pace of modern life [B] man’s adventurous spirit[C] man’s search for mythical experiences [D] the economic situationPart III English-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments intoChinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the br ain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.41）There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 42）Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium（a period of 1,000 years）, when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.43）Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays i n Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck, ” he says. 44）But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century.”Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 45）And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.Section V Writing46. Directions:Among all the worthy feelings of mankind, love is probably the noblest, but everyone has his/her own understanding of it.There has been a discussion recently on the issue in a newspaper. Write an essay to the newspaper to1）show your understanding of the symbolic meaning of the picture below.2）give a specific example, and3）give your suggestion as to the best way to show love.第一部分英语知识应运试题解析一、文章总体分析本文是一篇报道性的文章，介绍了自露丝玛莉·韦斯特案件发生后，政府、法院、媒体各方面对于付款给证人的反应。
2001年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语全国卷
2001年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（全国卷）英语第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）作题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.答案是B1. Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concert.B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lesson.C. He attended a meeting.3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A. He's anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He's expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A.3:00.B.3:15.C.5:00.5. What is the man's problem?A. He can't decide how to go.B. He can't drive himself.C. He doesn't like travelling by train.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2001年高考全国卷英语听力试题(含试题、听力音频、听力原文和答案)
绝密★启用前2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试全国卷英语听力试题2001年高考 全国卷 英语听力音频 双击图标打开收听.mp3（请用电脑，双击上面图标，打开收听）注意事项：1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答案卡一并交回。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A. £19.15.B. £9.18.C. £9.15.答案是C。
1.Where did this conversation most probably take place?A.At a concert.B.At a flower shop.C.At a restaurant.2.What did Paul do this morning?A.He had a history lesson.B.He had a chemistry lesson.C.He attended a meeting.3.What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A.He's anxious to see his sister.B.He wrote to his sister last month.C.He's expecting a letter from his sister.4.At what time does the train leave?A.3:00.B.3:15.C.5:00.5.What is the man’s problem?A.He can’t decide how to go.B.He can’t drive himself.C.He doesn’t like travelling by train.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2001年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试英语全国卷
2001年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（全国卷）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分 20分）作题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转 涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的 佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有 读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例 ：How much is the shirt? 答案是B1. Where did this con versati on most probably take place?A. At a con cert.B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaura nt.2. What did Paul do this morni ng?A. He had a history less on.B. He had a chemistry less on.C. He atte nded a meet ing.3. What can we lear n about the man from the con versati on?A. He's an xious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last mon th.C. He's expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A.3:00. B.3:15. C.5:00. 5. What is the man's problem?A. He can't decide how to go.B. He can't drive himself.C. He does n't like travelli ng by trai n.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷第一部分：听力(共两节，满分20分)作题时，先将答案划在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例:How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.15.C. ￡9.18.答案是B1. Where did this conversation most probably take place?A. At a concert.B. At a flower shop.C. At a restaurant.2. What did Paul do this morning?A. He had a history lesson.B. He had a chemistry lesson.C. He attended a meeting.3. What can we learn about the man from the conversation?A. He’s anxious to see his sister.B. He wrote to his sister last month.C. He’s expecting a letter from his sister.4. At what time does the train to Leeds leave?A.3:00.B.3:15.C.5:00.5. What is the man’s problem?A. He can’t decide how to go.B. He can’t drive himself.C. He doesn’t like travelling by train.第二节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
托福真题2001年05月份
2001年5月TOEFL试题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) He has just recovered from the flu.(B) He won’t be able to go to the play.(C) He heard that the play isn’t very good.(D) He has already seen the play.2. (A) Share the place he’s renting.(B) A void living near the campus.(C) Apply for campus housing.(D) Find an apartment soon.3. (A) He wants to meet the woman after hisSpanish class.(B) The woman should borrow someone else’sworkbook.(C) He can take the woman to her class.(D) The woman needs to return the workbookbefore the class.4. (A) She didn’t know Dr. Turner’s lecture wouldbe so interesting.(B) She didn’t expect to have a quiz today.(C) Dr. Turner often gives quizzes.(D) The man should have prepared for the class.5. (A) There are different kinds of folders.(B) This decision requires careful thought.(C) It doesn’t matter which color she uses.(D) The color should suggest the content.6. (A) She prepares her students well.(B) She used to teach graduate courses.(C) She isn’t qualified to teach organicchemistry.(D) Her students rarely attend graduate school.7. (A) He decided not to sell the piano.(B) He’s looking for a place to store the piano.(C) No one has bought the piano.(D) He hasn’t bee n able to find an inexpensivepiano yet.8. (A) Tennis players often injure their backs.(B) She hadn’t heard about the man’s problem.(C) The man should have seen the doctor.(D) She’ll check the man’s schedule as soon aspossible.9. (A) He already knew about the problem.(B) Someone has started fixing the washingmachine.(C) No one complained about the washingmachine today.(D) There’s nothing wrong with the washingmachine.10. (A) It won’t take long to get to the station.(B) It’ll be easy for him to give the woman aride to the station.(C) He’ll ride on the train with the woman.(D) He’s picking someone up from thestation.11. (A) I’ll out an application from.(B) Apply for a different position.(C) File the papers in the cabinet.(D) Show her the advertisement from thenewspaper.12. (A) Go with her to the airport.(B) Talk to her for a short time.(C) Find out when the plane is leaving.(D) Make the phone call now.13. (A) He can give the woman directions toChicago.(B) He can drive the woman to Chicago.(C) He can get a map for the woman.(D) He can take the woman to the bookstore.14. (A) He didn’t show his paintings at theexhibit.(B) He didn’t see the paintings.(C) He does n’t understand Ted’s art.(D) The exhibit was canceled.15. (A) She has canceled her trip to lowa.(B) The snowstorm is getting weaker.(C) The man’s information isn’t accurate.(D) They also may get a lot of snow.16. (A) She needs more time to get ready for thedinner.(B) She thought the dinner was at anothertime.(C) She forgot about the plans she made fordinner.(D) She won’t be able to go to dinner.17. (A) Take the class this semester.- 1 -23Section Two: Structure and Written Expression 1. The giant ragweed, or buffalo weed, grows ---.(A) 18 feet up to high(B) to high 18 feet up(C) up to 18 feet high(D) 18 feet high up to2. Neptune is --- any planet except Pluto.(A) to be far from the Sun(B) far from the Sun being(C) farther than the Sun is(D) farther from the Sun than3. Since prehistoric times, artists have arranged paint on surfaces in ways --- their ideas about people and the world.(A) express(B) that their expression of(C) which, expressing(D) that express4. Except for certain microorganisms, --- need oxygen to survive.(A) of all living things(B) all living things(C) all are living things(D) are all living things5. Dubbing is used in filmmaking --- a new sound track to a motion picture.(A) which to add(B) to add(C) is adding that(D) to add while6. --- of green lumber may come from moisture in the wood.(A) More weight than half(B) Of the weight, more than half(C) The weight is more than half(D) More than half of the weight7. Archaeologists study ---- to trace ancient trade routes because such tools are relatively rare, andeach occurrence has a slightly different chemicalcomposition.(A) which obsidian tools(B) obsidian tools(C) how obsidian tools(D) obsidian tools are8. ---- the hamster’s basic diet is vegetarian, some hamsters also eat insects.(A) Despite(B) Although(C) Regardless of(D) Consequently9. The Navajo Indians of the southwestern United States --- for their sand painting, also called drypainting.(A) noted(B) are noted(C) to be noted(D) have noted10. In 1784, the leaders of what would laterbecome the state of V irginia gave up --- to the territory that later became five differentMidwestern states.(A) any claim(B) when the claim(C) to claim(D) would claim11. ---- one after another, parallel computersperform groups of operations at the same time.(A) Conventional computers, by handling tasks(B) Since tasks being handled by conventionalcomputers(C) Whereas conventional computers handletasks(D) While tasks handled by conventionalcomputers12. The Liberty Bell, formerly housed inIndependence Hall, --- in Philadelphia, wasmoved to a separate glass pavilion in 1976.(A) which a historic building(B) a historic building which(C) was a historic building(D) a historic building13. Fossils, traces of dead organisms found in therocks of Earth’s crust, reve al --- at the time therocks were formed.(A) what was like(B) was like life(C) what life was like(D) life was like416. A gene is a biological unit of information who directs the activity of a cell or organism during itsA B C Dlifetime.17. The flowering of African American talent in literature, music, and art in the 1920’s in New Y ork CityA B Cbecame to know as the Harlem Renaissance.D18. The symptoms of pneumonia, a lung infection, include high fever, chest pain, breathing difficult, andA B C Dcoughing.19. The rapid grow of Boston during the mid-nineteenth century coincided with a large influx ofA B CEuropean immigrants.D20. In 1908 Olive Campbell started writing down folk songs by rural people in the southern AppalachianA B Cmountains near hers home.D21.The thirteen stripes of the United States flag represent the original thirteen states of the Union, whichA B Cthey all were once colonies of Britain.D22. In 1860, more as 90 percent of the people of Indiana lived rural areas, with only a few cities having aA B C population exceeding 10,000.D23.Gravitation keeps the Moon in orbit around Earth and the planets other of the solar system in orbitA B C Daround the Sun.24. Photograph was revolutionized in 1831 by the introduction of the collodion process for making glassA B C Dnegatives.25. After flax is washed, dry, beaten, and combed, fibers are obtained for use in making fabric.A B C D26. A fever is caused which blood cells release proteins called pyrogens, raising the body’s temperature.A B C D27. Because of various gift-giving holidays, most stores clothing in the United Sates do almost as muchA Bbusiness in November and December as they do in the other ten months combined.C D28.The United States National Labor Relations Board is authorized to investigation allegations of unfairA Blabor practices on the part of either employers or employees.C D529.The Great Potato Famine in Ireland in the 1840’s caused an unprecedented numbers of people fromA B CIreland to immigrate to the United States.D30.The particles comprising a given cloud are continually changing, as new ones are added while othersA Bare taking away by moving air.C D31.Political parties in the United States help to coordinate the campaigns of their members and organizesA B Cthe statewide and national conventions that mark election years.D32.The lemur is an unusual animal belonging to the same order than monkey’s and apes.A B C D33.Chese may be hard or soft, depending on the amount of water left into it and the character ofA B C Dthe cuting.34.The carbon-are lamp, a very bright electric lamp used for spotlights, consists of two carbonA Belectrodes with a high-current are passing between it.C D35. At first the poems of E.E. Cummings gained notoriety to their idiosyncratic punctuation andA Btypography, but they have gradually been recognized for their lyric power as well.C D36.The mechanism of human thought and recall, a subject only partly understood by scientists, isA B Cextraordinary complicated.D37.While the process of photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and usedA Bto convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds.C D38.The globe artichoke was known as a delicacy at least 2,500 years ago, and records of itsA B Ccultivation date from fifteenth century.D39. Humans do not constitute the only species endowed with intelligence: the higher animals alsoA B Chave considerably problem-solving abilities.D40. Many of species of milkweed are among the most dangerous of poisonous plants, while othersA B Chave little, if any, toxicity.DSection Three: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 1-10In the early 1800’s, over 80 percent of the United States labor force was engaged in agriculture. Sophisticated technology and machinery were virtually nonexistent.People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participatedLine in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle5) or otherwise produced needed goods and commodities. Blacksmiths, silversmiths, candlemakers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family6Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several 10）economic factors. First, industry requires an abundance of natural resources, especially coal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North American continent. Second, factories demand a large labor supply. Between the 1870’s and theFirst World War (1914-1918), approximately 23 million immigrants streamed to theUnited States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped 15）build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linked important trade centers essential to industrial growth.Factories also offered a reprieve from the backbreaking work and financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned withfarm life, were lured to the cities by promises of steady employment, regular paychecks, 20) increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities. Others werepushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or expendable; inventionssuch as steel plows and mechanized harvesters allowed one farmhand to perform workthat previously had required several, thus making farming capital-intensive rather thanlabor-intensive.25）The United States economy underwent a massive transition and the nature of work was permanently altered. Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly skilled craft workers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products fromstart to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative and more monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods atless expense.1.What aspect of life in the United States does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The transition from an agricultural to anindustrial economy(B) The inventions that transformed life in thenineteenth century(C) The problems associated with the earliestfactories(D) The difficulty of farm life in the nineteenthcentury2. Blacksmiths, silversmiths, and candle makersare mentioned in lines 5-6 as examples ofartisans who(A) maintained their businesses at home(B) were eventually able to use sophisticatedtechnology(C) produced unusual goods and commodities(D) would employ only family members3. The phrase “hinged on” in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) recovered from(B) depended on(C) started on(D) contributed to4. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the industrial growth that occurred in the United States before 1914? (A)The availability of natural resources foundonly in the United States(B) The decrease in number of farms resultingfrom technological advances(C) The replacement of canals and railroads byother forms of transportation(D) The availability of a large immigrant workforce5. The word “lured” in line 19 is cl osest in meaning to(A) attracted(B) assigned(C) restricted(D) attached6. The word “Others” in line 20 refers to other(A) adults(B) promises(C) goods and services(D) social opportunities7.The word “expendable” in line 21 is close st inmeaning to(A) nonproductive(B) unacceptable(C) nonessential(D) unprofitable8. It can be inferred from the passage thatindustrialization affected farming in thatindustrialization(A) increased the price of farm products(B) limited the need for new farm machinery78Question 11-20Molting is one of the most involved processes of a bird’s annual life cycle.Notwithstanding preening and constant ca re, the marvelously intricate structure of a bird’s Feather inevitably wears out. All adult birds molt their feathers at least once a year, and Line upon close observation, one can recognize the frayed, ragged appearance of feathers that 5) are nearing the end of their useful life. Two distinct processes are involved in molting.The first step is when the old, worn feather is dropped, or shed. The second is when a new feather grows in its place. When each feather has been shed and replaced, then the molt can be said to be complete. This, however, is an abstraction that often does not happen: incomplete, overlapping, and arrested molts are quite common.10) Molt requires that a bird find and process enough protein to rebuild approximatelyone-third of its body weight. It is not surprising that a bird in heavy molt often seems listless and unwell. But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionary forces that have established an optimal time and duration. Generally, molt occurs at the time of least stress on the bird. Many songbirds, for instance, molt in late summer, when 15) the hard work of breeding is done but the weather is still warm and food still plentiful.This is why the woods in late summer often seem so quiet, when compared with the Exuberant choruses of spring.Molt of the flight feathers is the most highly organized part of the process. Some species,for example, begin by dropping the outermost primary feathers on each side (to retain20) balance in the air) and wait until the replacement feathers are about one-third grown before shedding the next outermost, and so on. Others always start with the innermost primaryfeathers and work outward. Y et other species begin in the middle and work outward on both side. most ducks shed their wing feathers at once , and remain flight for two or three weeks while the relacement feather grow.11.The passage mainly discusses how (A) birds prepare for breeding (B) bird feathers differ from species (C) birds shed and replace their feathers (D) birds are affected by seasonal changes 12.The word “Notwithstanding” in line 2 is closest in meaning to (A) despite (B) because of (C) instead of (D) regarding 13.The word “intricate” in line 2 is closes t in meaning to (A) regular (B) complex (C) interesting (D) important 14.The word “random” in line 12 is closest in meaning to (A) unfortunate (B) unusual (C) unobservable (D) unpredictable 15.The word “optimal” in line 13 is closes t in meaning to (A) slow9Question 21-30The Harlem Renaissance, a movement of the 1920’s, marked the twentieth century’s first period of intense activity by African Americans in the field of literature, art, and music in the United States. The philosophy of the movement combined realism, ethnic Line consciousness, and Americanism. Encouraged by the example of certain Americans 5) of European descent such as Thomas Eakins, Robert Henri, and George Luks, who had included persons of African descent in their paintings as serious studies rather than as trivial or sentimental stereotypes, African American artists of this period set aboutcreating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States. As they began to strive for social and cultural independence. Their attitudes toward themselves changed, 10) and, to some extent, other segments of American society began to change their attitudes toward them. Thus, thought the Harlem Renaissance was a short-lived movement, its impact on American art and culture continues to the present.The district in New Y ork City know as Harlem was the capital of the movement. In 1925 an issue of Survey Graphic magazine devoted exclusively to Harlem and edited 15) by philosopher Alain Locke became the manifesto of the African American artisticmovement. Locke strongly suggested that individuals, while accepting their Americanism, take pride in their African ancestral arts and urged artists to look to Africa for substance and inspiration. Far from advocating a withdrawal from American culture, as did some of his contemporaries, Locke recommended a cultural pluralism through which artists could 20) enrich the culture of America. African Americans were urged by Locke to be collaborators and participators with other Americans in art, literature, and music; and at the same time to preserve, enhance, and promote their own cultural heritage.Artists and intellectuals from many parts of the United States and the Caribbean had Been attracted to Harlem by the pulse and beat of its unique and dynamic culture. From 25) this unity created by the convergence of artists from various social and geographical backgrounds came a new spirit, which, particularly in densely populated Harlem, was to result in greater group awareness and self-determination. African American graphic artists took their place beside the poets and writers of the Harlem Renaissance and carried on efforts to increase and promote the visual arts.21.What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) African Ameri can paintings in the 1920’s (B) An arts movement of the 1920’s (C) The influence of Alain Locke on African American art (D) Some ways in which African cultureEthology is concerned with the study of adaptive, or survival, value of behavior and its Evolutionary history. Ethological theory began to be applied to research on children in the 1960’s but has become even more influential today. The origins of ethology can be traced Line to the work of Darwin. Its modern foundations were laid by two European zoologists,5) Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen.Watching the behaviors diverse animal species in their natural habitats, Lorenz, and Tinbergen observed behavior patterns that promote survival. The most well-known of these is imprinting, the carly following behavior of certain baby birds that ensures that the young will stay close to their mother and be fed and protected from danger. Imprinting takes place 10) during an early, restricted time period of development. If the mother goose is not presentduring this time, but an object resembling her in important features is, young goslings may imprint on it instead.Observations of imprinting led to major concept that has been applied in child Development” the critical period. It refers to a limited times span during which the child is 15) biologically prepared to acquire certain adaptive behaviors but needs the support of suitably10stimulating environment. Many researchers have conducted studies to find out whethercomplex congnitive and social behaviors must be learned during restricted time periods.for example, if children are deprived of adequate food or physical and social stimulation during the early years of life, will their intelligence be permanently impaired? If language 20) is not mastered during the preschool years, is the child’s capacity to acquire it reduced?Inspired by observations of imprinting, in 1969 the British psychoanalyst John Bowlby applied ethological theory to the understanding of the relationship between an infant and its parents. He argued that attachment behaviors of babies, such as smiling, babbling,grasping, and crying, are built-in social signals that encourage the parents to approach, 25) care for, and interact with the baby. By keeping a parent near, these behaviors help ensurethat the baby will be fed, protected from danger, and provided with the stimulation andaffection necessary for healthy growth. The development of attachment in human infants is a lengthy process involving changes in psychological structures that lead to a deepaffectional tie between parent and baby.31.What was Darwin’s contribution to ethology?(A) Darwin improved on the original princ iplesof ethology.(B) Darwin was the professor who taughtLorenz and Tinbergen.(C) Darwin’s wo rk provided the basis forethology.(D) Darwin was the first person to applyethological theory to children.32.The word “diverse” in line 6 is closest inmeaning to(A) small(B) varied(C) wild(D) particular33.The word “ensures” in line 8 is closest in meaning to(A) guarantees(B) proves(C) teaches(D) assumes34. According to the passage, if a mother goose isnot present during the time period whenimprinting takes place, which of the following will most likely occur?(A) The gosling will not imprint on any object.(B) The gosling may not find a mate when itmatures.(C) The mother will later imprint on the gosling.(D) The gosling may imprint on another object.35.The word “it” in line 12 refer s to(A) development(B) goose(C) time(D) object36.The word “suitably” in line 15 is closest in meaning to(A) willingly(B) moderately(C) appropriately(D) emotionally37.The author mentions all of the following asattachment behaviors of human infantsEXCEPT(A) grasping(B) crying(C) eating(D) smiling38.According to the passage, attachment behaviorsof infants are intended to(A) get the physical, emotional and social needsof the infant met(B) allow the infant to become imprinted onobjects that resemble the parent(C) provide the infant with a means ofself-stimulation(D) prepare the infant to cope with separation39.The phrase “affectional tie” in line 29 is closestin meaning to(A) cognitive development(B) emotional attachment(C) psychological need(D) behavioral change40. It can be inferred from the passage thatethological theory assumes that(A) to learn about human behavior only humansubjects should be studied(B) failure to imprint has no influence oninteligence(C) the notion of critical periods applies only toanimals(D) there are similarities between animal andhuman behavior11Questions 41-50There are only a few clues in the rock record about climate in the Proterozoic con.Much of our information about climate in the more recent periods of geologic history comes from the fossil record, because we have a reasonably good understanding of Line the types of environment in which many fossil organisms flourished. The scarce fossils 5) of the Proterozoic, mostly single-celled bacteria, provide little evidence in this regard.However, the rocks themselves do include the earliest evidence for glaciation, probablya global ice age.The inference that some types of sedimentary rocks are the result of glacial activity is based on the principle of uniformitarianism, which posits that natural processes now 10) at work on and within the Earth operated in the same manner in the distant past. Thedeposits associated with present-day glaciers have been well studied, and some of their characteristics are quite distinctive. In 2.3-billion-year-old rocks in Canada near Lake Huron (dating from the early part of the Proterozoic age), there are thin laminae offine-grained sediments that resemble varves, the annual layers of sediment deposited in 15) glacial lakes. Typically, present-day varves show two-layered annual cycle, one layercorresponding to the rapid ice melting and sediment transport of the summer season, and the other, finer-grained, layer corresponding to slower winter deposition. Although it is not easy to discern such details in the Proterozoic examples, they are almost certainly glacial varves. These fine-grained, layered sediments even contain occasional large 20) pebbles or “dropstones,” a characteristic feature of glacial environments where coarsematerial is sometimes carried on floating ice and dropped far from its source, intootherwise very fine grained sediment. Glacial sediments of about the same age as those in Canada have been found in other parts of North America and in Africa, India, andEurope. This indicates that the glaciation was global, and that for a period of time in 25) the early Proterozoic the Earth was gripped in an ice age.Following the early Proterozoic glaciation, however, the climate appears to have Been fairly benign for a very long time. There is no evidence for glaciation for theNext 1.5 billion years or so. Then, suddenly, the rock record indicates a series ofGlacial episodes between about 850 and 600 million year ago, near the end of theProterozoic con.41.Which of the following does the passagemainly discuss?(A) How patterns in rock layers have beenused to construct theories about the climateof the Proterozoic age(B) What some rare fossils indicate about glacial conditions during the late Proterozoic age (C) The varying characteristics of Proterozoic glacial varves in different parts of the world (D) The number of glacial episodes that the Earth has experienced since the Proterozoic age 42. According to the passage, the fossil record of the Proterozoic con is(A) highly regarded because it preserves theremains of many kinds of organisms (B) less informative than the fossil record ofmore recent periods(C) very difficult to interpret due to damagefrom bacteria(D) more useful to researchers than otheraspects of the rock record43.The word “scarce” in line 4 is closest inmeaning to(A) ancient(B) tiny(C) available(D) rare44. It can be inferred from the passage that theprinciple of uniformitarianism indicates that(A) similar conditions produce similar rockformations(B) rock layers in a given region remainundisturbed over time(C) different kinds of sedimentary rocks may(D) each continent has its own distinctivepattern of sediment layers45. The word “resemble” in line 14 is closest inmeaning to(A) result from(B) penetrate12。
01年5月 托福听力文字
01年5月托福听力文字Part A部分1. A: So are you going to see the student play tonight?1。
答:所以你会看到学生今晚玩吗?B: I doubt it. I'm still getting over the flu.B:我怀疑它。
我还得到了流感。
Q: What does the man mean?男人什么意思?2. A: Gordon needs to find another place to live. The apartment he rents now has been sold to a new owner.2。
答:戈登需要找到另一个地方住。
他现在的公寓租金已经卖给了一个新的所有者。
B: He'd better start looking right away. When all the students come back in a few weeks, he won't find any near the campus.B:他最好马上开始寻找。
当所有的学生在几周后回来,他找不到任何靠近校园。
Q: What does the woman suggest Gordon do?问:什么是女士建议戈登做什么?3. A: Mind if I borrow your Spanish workbook?3。
你介意我借你的西班牙工作簿吗?B: Not as long as I have it back in time to take to class this evening.B:不,只要我有它回到时间今天晚上去类。
Q: What does the man mean?男人什么意思?4. A: You know that quiz we took in Dr. Turner's class today? Did you know that she was going to give it to us?4。
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷及答案
2001年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
共150分。
考试时间120分钟。
第一卷（三部分，共115分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）略第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以真入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
例：It is generally considered unwise to give a child_________he or she wants.A. howeverB. whateverC. whicheverD. whenever答案是B。
21. ---Good morning, Grand Hotel.---Hello, I’d like to book a room fro the nights of the 18th and 19th.---_________A. What can I do for you?B. Just a minute, please.C. What’s the matter? C. At your service.22. The film brought th ehours back to me_________ I was taken good care ofin that far-away village.A. untilB. thatC. whenD. where23. As we joined the big crowd I got_________from my friends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missed24. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task becausetechnology_________so rapidly.A. is changingB. has changedC. will have changedD. will change25. The Parkers bought a new house but_________will need a lot of work before they can move in.A. theyB. itC. oneD. which26. We didn’t plan our art exhibition like that but it _________very well.A. worked outB. tried outC. went onD. carried on27. The home improvements have taken what little there is_________my spare time.A. fromB. inC. ofD. at28. It is generally believed that reaching is_________it is a science.A. an art much asB. much an art asC. as an art much asD. as much an art as29. The warmth of_________sweater will of course be determined by the sortof_________wool used.A. the; theB. the;/C. /; theD. /; /30. I _________ping-pong quite well, but I haven’t had time to play since th enew year.A. will playB. have playedC. playedD. play31. A computer can only do_________you have instructed it to do.A. howB. afterC. whatD. when32. Visitors_________not to touch the exhibits.A. will requestB. request .C. are requestiongD. are requested33. I was really anxious about you. You_________home without a word.A. mustn’t leaveB. shouldn’t have leftC. couldn’t have leftD. needn’t leave34. _________is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. itB. AsC. ThatD. What35. _________such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后人36-55各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。
2001年5月托福考题（2）
46. (A) The music contained strong political messages. (B) The music had a steady beat that people could dance to. (C) The music included sad melodies. (D) The music contained irregular types of rhythms. 47. (A) The increase in beachfront property value. (B) An experimental engineering project. (C) The erosion of coastal areas (D) How to build seawalls. 48. (A) To protect beachfront property. (B) To reduce the traffic on beach roads. (C) To provide privacy for homeowners. (D) To define property limits. 49. (A) By sending water directly back to sea with great force. (B) By reducing wave energy. (C) By reducing beach width. (D) By stabilizing beachfront construction. 50. (A) Protect roads along the shore. (B) Build on beaches with seawalls. (C) Add sand to beaches with seawalls. (D) Stop building seawalls. Section Two: Structure and Written Expression 1. The giant ragweed, or buffalo weed, grows ——. (A) 18 feet up to high (B) to high 18 feet up (C) up to 18 feet high (D) 18 feet high up to 2. Neptune is —— any planet except Pluto. (A) to be far from the Sun (B) far from the Sun being (C) farther than the Sun is (D) farther from the Sun than 3. Since prehistoric times, artists have arranged paint on surfaces in ways —— their ideas about people and the world. (A) express (B) that their expression of (C) which, expressing (D) that express 4. Except for certain microorganisms, —— need oxygen to survive. (A) of all living things (B) all living things (C) all are living things (D) are all living things 5. Dubbing is used in filmmaking —— a new sound track to a motion picture. (A) which to add (B) to add (C) is adding that (D) to add while 6. —— of green lumber may come from moisture in the wood. (A) More weight than half (B) Of the weight, more than half (C) The weight is more than half (D) More than half of the weight 7. Archaeologists study —— to trace ancient trade routes because such tools are relatively rare, and each occurrence has a slightly different chemical composition. (A) which obsidian tools (B) obsidian tools (C) how obsidian tools (D) obsidian tools are 8. —— the hamster's basic diet is vegetarian, some hamsters also eat insects. (A) Despite (B) Although (C) Regardless of (D) Consequently 9. The Navajo Indians of the southwestern United States —— for their sand painting, also called dry painting. (A) noted (B) are noted (C) to be noted (D) have noted 10. In 1784, the leaders of what would later become the state of Virginia gave up —— to the territory that later became five different Midwestern states. (A) any claim (B) when the claim (D) would claim 11. —— one after another, parallel computers perform groups of operations at the same time. (A) Conventional computers, by handling tasks (B) Since tasks being handled by conventional computers (C) Whereas conventional computers handle tasks (D) While tasks handled by conventional computers 12. The Liberty Bell, formerly housed in Independence Hall, —— in Philadelphia, was moved to a separate glass pavilion in 1976. (A) which a historic building (B) a historic building which (C) was a historic building (D) a historic building 13. Fossils, traces of dead organisms found in the rocks of Earth's crust, reveal —— at the time the rocks were formed. (A) what was like (B) was like life (C) what life was like (D) life was like 14. Although the huge ice masses —— glaciers move slowly, they are a powerful erosive force in nature. (A) call them (B) are called (C) to call (D) called 15. The soybean contains vitamins, essential minerals, —— high percentage of protein. (A) a (B) and a (C) since a (D) of which a 16. A gene is a biological unit of information who directs the activity of a cell or organism during its A B C D lifetime. 17. The flowering of African American talent in literature, music, and art in the 1920's in New York City A B C became to know as the Harlem Renaissance. D 18. The symptoms of pneumonia, a lung infection, include high fever, chest pain, breathing difficult, and coughing. 19. The rapid grow of Boston during the mid-nineteenth century coincided with a large influx of A B C European immigrants. D 20. In 1908 Olive Campbell started writing down folk songs by rural people in the southern Appalachian A B C mountains near hers home. D 21.The thirteen stripes of the United States flag represent the original thirteen states of the Union, which A B C they all were once colonies of Britain. D 22. In 1860, more as 90 percent of the people of Indiana lived rural areas, with only a few cities having a A B C population exceeding 10,000. D 23.Gravitation keeps the Moon in orbit around Earth and the planets other of the solar system in orbit A B C D around the Sun. 24. Photograph was revolutionized in 1831 by the introduction of the collodion process for making glass A B C D negatives. 25. After flax is washed, dry, beaten, and combed, fibers are obtained for use in making fabric. A B C D 26. A fever is caused which blood cells release proteins called pyrogens, raising the body's temperature. A B C D 27. Because of various gift-giving holidays, most stores clothing in the United Sates do almost as much A B business in November and December as they do in the other ten months combined. C D 28.The United States National Labor Relations Board is authorized to investigation allegations of unfair A B labor practices on the part of either employers or employees. C D 29.The Great Potato Famine in Ireland in the 1840's caused an unprecedented numbers of people from A B C Ireland to immigrate to the United States. D 30.The particles comprising a given cloud are continually changing, as new ones are added while others A B are taking away by moving air. C D 31.Political parties in the United States help to coordinate the campaigns of their members and organizes A B C the statewide and national conventions that mark election years. D 32.The lemur is an unusual animal belonging to the same order than monkey's and apes. A B C D 33.Chese may be hard or soft, depending on the amount of water left into it and the character of A B C D the cuting. 34.The carbon-are lamp, a very bright electric lamp used for spotlights, consists of two carbon A B electrodes with a high-current are passing between it. C D 35. At first the poems of E.E. Cummings gained notoriety to their idiosyncratic punctuation and A B typography, but they have gradually been recognized for their lyric power as well. C D 36.The mechanism of human thought and recall, a subject only partly understood by scientists, is A B C extraordinary complicated. D 37.While the process of photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and used A B to convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds. C D 38.The globe artichoke was known as a delicacy at least 2,500 years ago, and records of its A B C cultivation date from fifteenth century. D 39. Humans do not constitute the only species endowed with intelligence: the higher animals also A B C have considerably problem-solving abilities. D 40. Many of species of milkweed are among the most dangerous of poisonous plants, while others A B C have little, if any, toxicity. D。
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2001年5月TOEFL考题Section One: Listening Comprehension1. (A) He has just recovered from the flu.(B) He won’t be able to go to the play.(C) He heard that the play isn’t very good.(D) He has already seen the play.2. (A) Share the place he’s renting.(B) Avoid living near the campus.(C) Apply for campus housing.(D) Find an apartment soon.3. (A) He wants to meet the woman after his Spanish class.(B) The woman should borrow someone else’s workbook.(C) He can take the woman to her class.(D) The woman needs to return the workbookbefore the class.4. (A) She didn’t know Dr. Turner’s lecture would be so interesting.(B) She didn’t expect to have a quiz today.(C) Dr. Turner often gives quizzes.(D) The man should have prepared for the class.5. (A) There are different kinds of folders.(B) This decision requires careful thought.(C) It doesn’t matter which color she uses.(D) The color should suggest the content.6. (A) She prepares her students well.(B) She used to teach graduate courses.(C) She isn’t qualified to teach organic chemistry.(D) Her students rarely attend graduate school.7. (A) He decided not to sell the piano.(B) He’s looking for a place to store the piano.(C) No one has bought the piano.(D) He hasn’t been able to find an inexpens ive piano yet.8. (A) Tennis players often injure their backs.(B) She hadn’t heard about the man’s problem.(C) The man should have seen the doctor.(D) She’ll check the man’s schedule as soon as possible.9. (A) He already knew about the problem.(B) Someone has started fixing the washing machine.(C) No one complained about the washingmachine today.(D) There’s nothing wrong with the washingmachine.10. (A) It won’t take long to get to the station.(B) It’ll be easy for him to give the woman aride to the station.(C) He’ll ride on the train with the woman.(D) He’s picking someone up from the station.11. (A) I’ll out an application from.(B) Apply for a different position.(C) File the papers in the cabinet.(D) Show her the advertisement from thenewspaper.12. (A) Go with her to the airport.(B) Talk to her for a short time.(C) Find out when the plane is leaving.(D) Make the phone call now.13. (A) He can give the woman directions toChicago.(B) He can drive the woman to Chicago.(C) He can get a map for the woman.(D) He can take the woman to the bookstore.14. (A) He didn’t show his paintings at the exhibit.(B) He didn’t see the paintings.(C) He doesn’t understand Ted’s art.(D) The exhibit was canceled.15. (A) She has canceled her trip to lowa.(B) The snowstorm is getting weaker.(C) The man’s information isn’t accurate.(D) They also may get a lot of snow.16. (A) She needs more time to get ready for the dinner.(B) She thought the dinner was at anothertime.(C) She forgot about the plans she made for dinner.(D) She won’t be able to go to dinner.17. (A) Take the class this semester.(B) Get permission to take the class.(C) Take the class over again.(D) Register for the class next semester.18. (A) He doesn’t like his new eyegl ass frames.(B) He didn’t get a haircut.(C) He got his eyeglasses a long time ago.(D) Several people have asked him about hisnew eyeglass frames.19. (A) The grades have been calculatedcorrectly.(B) The woman will get the grade she deserves.(C) The woman received one of the highest grades.(D) The woman’s grade can’t be changed.20. (A) She left the lecture for a few minutes.(B) She was reading doing the lecture.(C) She may have fallen asleep.(D) She misunderstood the speaker’s last points.21. (A) The man hasn’t seen Joan recently.(B) The man plans to call Joan soon.(C) Joan doesn’t know what happened to the book.(D) Joan gave the book to the man.22. (A) Why she should tell her students about her plans.(B) What he plans to do when he’s on sabbatical.(C) Why she can’t take a sabbatical next semester.(D) Why her students probably weren’tsurprised by her announcement.23. (A) Put a little more pepper in the stew.(B) Taste the stew to see if it needs paper.(C) Check the recipe to see if they followed it correctly.(D) Serve the stew as it is.24. (A) She wants to know where Tom heard the stories.(B) She’s surprised Tom was so serious lastnight.(C) Tom doesn’t usually tell funny stories.(D) The stories probably weren’t true.25. (A) He plans to sell the books to a collector.(B) He won’t sell the books until he has read them.(C) The books probably aren’t worth a lot of money.(D) The woman can borrow any of the booksif she wants to.26. (A) Leave with the man.(B) Get ready to leave for the weekend.(C) Stay where she is for the weekend.(D) Meet the man later.27. (A) The man is upset that the wasn’t invited to the party.(B) The man and the woman live in different buildings.(C) The woman’s friends were louder than she expected they would be.(D) The woman hadn’t intended to serve food and beverages at the party.28. (A) Mary hadn’t planned to attend the seminar.(B) Mary has been ill for several weeks.(C) Mary forgot about the seminar.(D) Mary wasn’t able to attend the seminar.29. (A) Do more research before they meet.(B) Meet several days before the presentation.(C) Change the day of the presentation.(D) Try to solve the problems before they meet.30. (A) She’ll talk to Judy about the problem.(B) She may not be available later to help the man.(C) She isn’t sure if Judy can solve the problem.(D) The man will be able to solve the problem himself.31. (A) Places the man has visited.(B) A paper the woman is writing for a class.(C) School activities they enjoy.(D) The wo man’s plans for the summer.32. (A) She has never been to Gettysburg.(B) She took a political science course.(C) Her family still goes on vacation together.(D) She’s interested in the United States Civil War.33. (A) Why her parents wanted to go to Gettysburg.(B) Why her family’s vacation plans changedten years ago.(C) Where her family went for a vacation ten years ago.(D) When her family went on their last vacation.34. (A) It’s far from where she lives.(B) Her family went there without her.(C) She doesn’t know a lot about it.(D) She’s excited about going there.35. (A) A catalog mailed to the man.(B) The woman’s catalog order.(C) The history of mail-order catalogs.(D) A comparison of two kinds of catalogs.36. (A) She wants to learn about Richard Sears.(B) She is helping the man with his assignment.(C) She needs to buy a filing cabinet.(D) She wants to order some textbooks.37. (A) Teachers.(B) Farmers.(C) Students.(D) Laborers.38. (A) As textbooks.(B) As fuel.(C) As newspapers.(D) As art.39. (A) Taxes on factory goods rose.(B) Some people lost their farms.(C) Shipping prices rose.(D) some families lost their businesses.40. (A) Problems with pesticides.(B) Characteristics of one type of falcon.(C) Migratory patterns of birds.(D) Tracking systems for animals.41. (A) It flying speed.(B) Its keen hearing.(C) It size.(D) Its aggressiveness.42. (A) By radar.(B) By airplane.(C) By direct observation.(D) By satellite.43. (A) The types of instruments used in bebop music.(B) The social setting in which bebop music developed.(C) How two styles of jazz music influencedeach other(D) The influence of bebop music on theUnited States economy during the 1940’s.44. (A) They didn’t use singers.(B) They gave free concerts.(C) They performed in small nightclubs.(D) They shortened the length of their performances.45. (A) To discuss one way it impacted jazz music.(B) To explain why the government reducedsome taxes.(C) To describe a common theme in jazzmusic.(D) To discuss the popularity of certain jazz bands.46. (A) The music contained strong political messages.(B) The music had a steady beat that peoplecould dance to.(C) The music included sad melodies.(D) The music contained irregular types of rhythms.47. (A) The increase in beachfront property value.(B) An experimental engineering project.(C) The erosion of coastal areas(D) How to build seawalls.48. (A) To protect beachfront property.(B) To reduce the traffic on beach roads.(C) To provide privacy for homeowners.(D) To define property limits.49. (A) By sending water directly back to sea with great force.(B) By reducing wave energy.(C) By reducing beach width.(D) By stabilizing beachfront construction.50. (A) Protect roads along the shore.(B) Build on beaches with seawalls.(C) Add sand to beaches with seawalls.(D) Stop building seawalls.Section Two: Structure and Written Expression1. The giant ragweed, or buffalo weed, grows ---.(A) 18 feet up to high(B) to high 18 feet up(C) up to 18 feet high(D) 18 feet high up to2. Neptune is --- any planet except Pluto.(A) to be far from the Sun(B) far from the Sun being(C) farther than the Sun is(D) farther from the Sun than3. Since prehistoric times, artists have arranged paint on surfaces in ways --- their ideas about people and the world.(A) express(B) that their expression of(C) which, expressing(D) that express4. Except for certain microorganisms, --- need oxygen to survive.(A) of all living things(B) all living things(C) all are living things(D) are all living things5. Dubbing is used in filmmaking --- a new sound track to a motion picture.(A) which to add(B) to add(C) is adding that(D) to add while6. --- of green lumber may come from moisture in the wood.(A) More weight than half(B) Of the weight, more than half(C) The weight is more than half(D) More than half of the weight7. Archaeologists study ---- to trace ancient trade routes because such tools are relatively rare, and each occurrence has a slightly different chemical composition.(A) which obsidian tools(B) obsidian tools(C) how obsidian tools(D) obsidian tools are8. ---- the hamster’s basic diet is vegetarian, some hamsters also eat insects.(A) Despite(B) Although(C) Regardless of(D) Consequently9. The Navajo Indians of the southwestern United States --- for their sand painting, also called dry painting.(A) noted(B) are noted(C) to be noted(D) have noted10. In 1784, the leaders of what would later become the state of Virginia gave up --- to the territory that later became five different Midwestern states.(A) any claim(B) when the claim(C) toclaim(D) would claim11. ---- one after another, parallel computersperform groups of operations at the same time.(A) Conventional computers, by handling tasks(B) Since tasks being handled by conventional computers(C) Whereas conventional computers handletasks(D) While tasks handled by conventionalcomputers12. The Liberty Bell, formerly housed in Independence Hall, --- in Philadelphia, wasmoved to a separate glass pavilion in 1976.(A) which a historic building(B) a historic building which(C) was a historic building(D) a historic building13. Fossils, traces of dead organisms found in the rocks of Earth’s crust, reveal --- at the time the rocks were formed.(A) what was like(B) was like life(C) what life was like(D) life was like14. Although the huge ice masses ---- glaciers move slowly, they are a powerful erosive forcein nature.(A) call them(B) are called(C) to call(D) called15. The soybean contains vitamins, essentialminerals, --- high percentage of protein.(A) a(B) and a(C) since a(D) of which a16. A gene is a biological unit of information who directs the activity of a cell or organism during itsA B C Dlifetime.17. The flowering of African American talent in literature, music, and art in the 1920’s in New York CityA B Cbecame to know as the Harlem Renaissance.D18. The symptoms of pneumonia, a lung infection, include high fever, chest pain, breathing difficult, andA B C Dcoughing.19. The rapid grow of Boston during the mid-nineteenth century coincided with a largeinflux ofA B CEuropean immigrants.D20. In 1908 Olive Campbell started writing down folk songs by rural people in the southern AppalachianA B Cmountains near hers home.D21.The thirteen stripes of the United States flag represent the original thirteen states of the Union, whichA B Cthey all were once colonies of Britain.D22. In 1860, more as 90 percent of the people of Indiana lived rural areas, with only a few cities having aA B Cpopulation exceeding 10,000.D23.Gravitation keeps the Moon in orbit around Earth and the planets other of the solar system in orbitA B C Daround the Sun.24. Photograph was revolutionized in 1831 by the introduction of the collodion process for making glassA B C Dnegatives.25. After flax is washed, dry, beaten, and combed, fibers are obtained for use in making fabric.A B C D26. A fever is caused which blood cells release proteins called pyrogens, raising the body’s temperature.A B C D27. Because of various gift-giving holidays, most stores clothing in the United Sates do almost as muchA Bbusiness in November and December as they do in the other ten months combined.C D28.The United States National Labor Relations Board is authorized to investigation allegations of unfairA Blabor practices on the part of either employers or employees.C D29.The Great Potato Famine in Ireland in the 1840’s caused an unprecedented numbers of people fromA B CIreland to immigrate to the United States.D30.The particles comprising a given cloud are continually changing, as new ones are added while othersA Bare taking away by moving air.C D31.Political parties in the United States help to coordinate the campaigns of their members and organizes A B Cthe statewide and national conventions that mark election years.D32.The lemur is an unusual animal belonging to the same order than monkey’s and apes.A B C D33.Chese may be hard or soft, depending on the amount of water left into it and the character ofA B C Dthe cuting.34.The carbon-are lamp, a very bright electric lamp used for spotlights, consists of two carbonA Belectrodes with a high-current are passing between it.C D35. At first the poems of E.E. Cummings gained notoriety to their idiosyncratic punctuation andA Btypography, but they have gradually been recognized for their lyric power as well.C D36.The mechanism of human thought and recall, a subject only partly understood by scientists, isA B Cextraordinary complicated.D37.While the process of photosynthesis in green plants, light energy is captured and usedA Bto convert water, carbon dioxide, and minerals into oxygen and organic compounds.C D38.The globe artichoke was known as a delicacy at least 2,500 years ago, and records of itsA B Ccultivation date from fifteenth century.D39. Humans do not constitute the only species endowed with intelligence: the higher animals alsoA B Chave considerably problem-solving abilities.D40. Many of species of milkweed are among the most dangerous of poisonous plants, while othersA B Chave little, if any, toxicity.DQuestions 1-10In the early 1800’s, over 80 percent of the United States labor force was engage d in agriculture. Sophisticated technology and machinery were virtually nonexistent. People who lived in the cities and were not directly involved in trade often participatedLine in small cottage industries making handcrafted goods. Others cured meats, silversmiths, candle5) or otherwise produced needed goods and commodities. Blacksmiths, silversmiths, candlemakers, and other artisans worked in their homes or barns, relying on help of family Perhaps no single phenomenon brought more widespread and lasting change to the United States society than the rise of industrialization. Industrial growth hinged on several10） economic factors. First, industry requires an abundance of natural resources, especiallycoal, iron ore, water, petroleum, and timber-all readily available on the North Americancontinent. Second, factories demand a large labor supply. Between the 1870’s and theFirst World War (1914-1918), approximately 23 million immigrants streamed to the United States, settled in cities, and went to work in factories and mines. They also helped15）build the vast network of canals and railroads that crisscrossed the continent and linkedimportant trade centers essential to industrial growth.Factories also offered a reprieve from the backbreaking work and financial unpredictability associated with farming. Many adults, poor and disillusioned with farm life, were lured to the cities by promises of steady employment, regular paychecks,20) increased access to goods and services, and expanded social opportunities. Others werepushed there when new technologies made their labor cheap or expendable; inventions such as steel plows and mechanized harvesters allowed one farmhand to perform work that previously had required several, thus making farming capital-intensive rather thanlabor-intensive.25） The United States economy underwent a massive transition and the nature of workwas permanently altered. Whereas cottage industries relied on a few highly skilled craftworkers who slowly and carefully converted raw materials into finished products from start to finish, factories relied on specialization. While factory work was less creative andmore monotonous, it was also more efficient and allowed mass production of goods atless expense.1.What aspect of life in the United States does the passage mainly discuss?(A) The transition from an agricultural to anindustrial economy(B) The inventions that transformed life in thenineteenth century(C) The problems associated with the earliestfactories(D) The difficulty of farm life in the nineteenthcentury2. Blacksmiths, silversmiths, and candle makers are mentioned in lines 5-6 as examples ofartisans who(A) maintained their businesses at home(B) were eventually able to use sophisticatedtechnology(C) produced unusual goods and commodities(D) would employ only family members3. The phrase “hinged on” in line 9 is closest in meaning to(A) recovered from(B) depended on(C) started on(D) contributed to4. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the industrial growth that occurred in the United States before 1914?(A)The availability of natural resources found only in the United States(B) The decrease in number of farms resultingfrom technological advances(C) The replacement of canals and railroads byother forms of transportation(D) The availability of a large immigrant workforce5. The word “lured” in line 19 is closest in meaning to(A) attracted(B) assigned(C) restricted(D) attached6. The word “Others” in line 20 refers to other(A) adults(B) promises(C) goods and services(D) social opportunities7.The word “expendable” in line 21 is closest inmeaning to(A) nonproductive(B) unacceptable(C) nonessential(D) unprofitable8. It can be inferred from the passage that industrialization affected farming in that industrialization(A) increased the price of farm products(B) limited the need for new farm machinery(C) created new and interesting jobs on farms(D) reduced the number of people willing to do farm work9.What does the author mean when stating that certain inventions made farming“capital-intensive rather than labor-intensive”(lines 23-24)?(A) Workers had to be trained to operate the new machines.(B) Mechanized farming required more capitaland fewer laborers.(C) The new inventions were not helpful for all farming activities.(D) Human labor could still accomplish as much work as the first machines.10. According to the passage, factory workersdiffered from craft workers in that factoryworkers(A) were required to be more creative(B) worked extensively with raw materials(C) changed jobs frequently(D) specialized in one aspect of the finishedproduct onlyQuestion 11-20Molting is one of the most involved processes of a bird’s annual life cycle. Notwithstanding preening and constant care, the marvelously intricate structure of a bird’sFeather inevitably wears out. All adult birds molt their feathers at least once a year, andLine upon close observation, one can recognize the frayed, ragged appearance of feathers that5) are nearing the end of their useful life. Two distinct processes are involved in molting.The first step is when the old, worn feather is dropped, or shed. The second is when a newfeather grows in its place. When each feather has been shed and replaced, then the moltcan be said to be complete. This, however, is an abstraction that often does not happen:incomplete, overlapping, and arrested molts are quite common.10) Molt requires that a bird find and process enough protein to rebuild approximatelyone-third of its body weight. It is not surprising that a bird in heavy molt often seemslistless and unwell. But far from being random, molt is controlled by strong evolutionaryforces that have established an optimal time and duration. Generally, molt occurs at thetime of least stress on the bird. Many songbirds, for instance, molt in late summer, when15) the hard work of breeding is done but the weather is still warm and food still plentiful.This is why the woods in late summer often seem so quiet, when compared with the Exuberant choruses of spring.Molt of the flight feathers is the most highly organized part of the process. Some species,for example, begin by dropping the outermost primary feathers on each side (to retain 20) balance in the air) and wait until the replacement feathers are about one-third grown beforeshedding the next outermost, and so on. Others always start with the innermost primaryfeathers and work outward. Yet other species begin in the middle and work outward on bothweeks while the replacement feathers grow.11.The passage mainly discusses how(A) birds prepare for breeding(B) bird feathers differ from species(C) birds shed and replace their feathers(D) birds are affected by seasonal changes12.The word “Notwithstanding” in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) despite(B) because of(C) instead of(D) regarding13.The word “intricate” in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A) regular(B) complex(C) interesting(D) important14.The word “random” in line 12 is closest in meaning to(A) unfortunate(B) unusual(C) unobservable(D) unpredictable15.The word “optimal” in line 13 is closest in meaning to(A) slow(B) frequent(C) best(D) early16.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason that songbirds molt in the latesummer?(A) Fewer predators are in the woods.(B) The weathers is still warm.(C) The songbirds have finished breeding.(D) Food is still available.17. Some birds that are molting maintain balance during flight by(A) constantly preening and caring for their remaining feathers(B) dropping flight feathers on both sides at the same time(C) adjusting the angle of their flight to compensate for lost feathers(D) only losing one-third of their feathers18.The word “Others” in line 21 refers to(A) ducks(B) sides(C) species(D) flight feathers19.The author discusses ducks in order to provide an example of birds that(A) grow replacement feathers that are very long(B) shed all their wing feathers at one time(C) keep their innermost feathers(D) shed their outermost feathers first20. It can inferred from the discussion about ducksthat the molting of their flight feathers takes.(A) a year(B) a season(C) several months(D) a few weeksQuestion 21-30The Harlem Renaissance, a movement of the 1920’s, marked the twentieth century’s first period of intense activity by African Americans in the field of literature, art, andmusic in the United States. The philosophy of the movement combined realism, ethnic Line consciousness, and Americanism. Encouraged by the example of certain Americans 5) of European descent such as Thomas Eakins, Robert Henri, and George Luks, who hadincluded persons of African descent in their paintings as serious studies rather than astrivial or sentimental stereotypes, African American artists of this period set aboutcreating a new portrayal of themselves and their lives in the United States. As they beganto strive for social and cultural independence. Their attitudes toward themselveschanged,10) and, to some extent, other segments of American society began to change their attitudestoward them. Thus, thought the Harlem Renaissance was a short-lived movement, its impact on American art and culture continues to the present.The district in New York City know as Harlem was the capital of the movement.In 1925 an issue of Survey Graphic magazine devoted exclusively to Harlem and edited 15) by philosopher Alain Locke became the manifesto of the African American artistic movement. Locke strongly suggested that individuals, while accepting their Americanism,take pride in their African ancestral arts and urged artists to look to Africa for substanceand inspiration. Far from advocating a withdrawal from American culture, as did some ofhis contemporaries, Locke recommended a cultural pluralism through which artists could20) enrich the culture of America. African Americans were urged by Locke to be collaboratorsand participators with other Americans in art, literature, and music; and at the same timeto preserve, enhance, and promote their own cultural heritage.Artists and intellectuals from many parts of the United States and the Caribbean hadBeen attracted to Harlem by the pulse and beat of its unique and dynamic culture. From25) this unity created by the convergence of artists from various social and geographicalbackgrounds came a new spirit, which, particularly in densely populated Harlem, wasto result in greater group awareness and self-determination. African American graphicartists took their place beside the poets and writers of the Harlem Renaissance and carried on efforts to increase and promote the visual arts.21.What does the passage mainly discuss?(A) African American paintings in the 1920’s(B) An arts movement of the 1920’s(C) The influence of Alain Locke on AfricanAmerican art(D) Some ways in which African cultureinspired American literature, art and music22. According to the passage, Tomas Eakins,Robert Henri, and George Luks were importantbecause of(A) the philosophical contributions they made tothe Harlem Renaissance(B) their development of a new style of AfricanAmerican art(C) they way in which they depicted AfricanAmericans in their paintings(D) their independence from European artistictraditions23. The word “them” in line 11 refers to(A) Americans of European descent(B) paintings。