英语国家概况之美国历史与文学
《英语国家概况》各章节概要知识点——美国部分
《英语国家概况》各章节概要知识点——美国部分1. Population, Race and Ethnic Groups 人口与民族世界第三人口大国，20世纪90年代人口增长更加迅速，将来60年还将迅猛增加。
预计将从1992年的25，550万，增加到2000年的27，500万。
移民是人口增长的主要来源，基本开放的移民政策。
现在多数移民来自亚洲和拉丁美洲。
城市化高，最大的城市：纽约，洛杉矶，芝加哥，旧金山，费城。
1946-1964是生育高峰，20世纪80年代人口老龄化趋势。
美国是移民国家。
第一批移民来自英国和荷兰，为了逃避宗教迫害，寻求更好的生活，契约劳工。
三次移民浪潮：第一次移民浪潮始于1805年，1845年到达高峰，许多爱尔兰人迁入。
第二次移民浪潮从1860-1890。
第三次移民浪潮从1890-1914，是最大的一次。
来自奥匈帝国，意大利，俄国，希腊，罗马尼亚和土耳其。
Characteristics of the American population 美国人口的特征流动性。
四次大规模的人口流动：第一次从内战结束到1880年，西进运动。
从东海岸向西部迁移。
第二次从1890-1920年，随着工业化和城市化的实现，人口从农村涌向城市。
第三次从1920-1960年，大批黑人离开南方涌入外地。
第四次从60年代至今，从东北部向西南部的阳光地带迁移。
Black people and the Civil Rights Movement 黑人与民权运动黑人是美国人口最多的少数民族。
自1619年作为奴隶贩运到北美洲，集中在南部农业区，生活悲惨。
代表小说《汤姆叔叔的小屋》和《根》。
1863年林肯的《解放奴隶宣言》和1865《宪法》第13条修正案正式结束了奴隶制，但仍存在歧视。
1954年布朗诉教育委员会一案，开始了漫长的废除种族隔离的进程。
60年代爆发民权运动。
1964年通过《民权法案》，1965年通过《选举权法案》。
英语国家概况——美国篇
Los Angeles
the second largest city
4 times larger in area than San Francisco
Important electronic center
atomic research center
industry—tires, automobiles & aircrafts
(1)
the eastern part
(2)
(3)
the western part
the Great Plains
——five
Great Lakes
River
——Mississippi
——
The Great Lakes (freshwater) Lake Superior Lake Huron Lake Erie Lake Ontario Lake Michigan Niagara Falls between Lake Erie & Lake Ontario on U.S.- Can. navigation linkage of many industrial areas
50 states mainland - 48 states detached territory - Alaska offshore islands - Hawaii Washington D.C. a federal district of Columbia
Three distinct areas
——
The Mississippi River (the father of waters) longest in North America originate from the Lake Itasca (in MN) to the Gulf of Mexico 3780km long 3 million skm of drainage area
《英语国家概况》美国篇The United States of America
The United States of AmericaPart 1The Country and The American IdentityCommon-sense Knowledge1、全称：The United States of America (美利坚合众国)2、简称： the United States;the U.S.; America.3、National Anthem：《星条旗永不落》 "The Star-Spangled Banner（同时可以叫做国旗）"1931年被美国国会正式定为国歌。
4、National Flower：Rose5、Jet lag: About 16 hours (west of America), and 13 hours (east of America).（了解）6、The Capital: Washington D.C.为纪念美国国父乔治-华盛顿和发现美洲新大陆的哥伦布Christophe而定名7、绰号：山姆大叔（Uncle Sam）Location1、Canada on the north； Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico on the south ；Atlantic Ocean on the east； Pacific Ocean on the west.2、The largest country in the world：Russia，Canada， China，America，brazil，Australia.3、50 states in totalAlaska—the largest ；Rhode Island (罗德岛州)—the smallest ；Texas（德克萨斯州）—the largest on the mainland4、著名城市Boston是Massachusetts 马萨诸塞州的首府5、两边两座山，中间一条河。
英语国家概况精讲之必背美国篇
英语国家概况精讲：第十四章美国人口种族chapter 14：population.Race and Ethnic groups必背细节1.The United States of America is the third most populous county in the world after Chind and India.美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度。
2。
Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth,The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigtants from independence until 1960s.Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.19世纪末20世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接待点。
3。
Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992.Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.如今美国移民的80%到90%主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家。
4。
Arizona,Nevada,and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years.在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州。
American historys 美国历史精讲 英语国家概况
1) The "discovery" of the New World 发现新大陆①The "first Americans" were the Indians 最早的美国人是印第安人②②In the late 15th century, Christopher Columbus, an Italian navigator, supported by the Spanish queen, he led his men to sail across the vast ocean in 1492 and reached some small islands in the now west Indies. He thought he had reached Asia and didn't know he had discovered a New Continent.15世纪后期，意大利航海家克里斯多弗.哥伦布，在西班牙女王的支持下,于1492年率领船队穿越浩瀚的大西洋，抵达了现在西印度群岛的一些小岛。
他误以为到达了亚洲，并不知道自己已经发现了一个新大陆。
③Ameriga Vespucci proved that the land was a new continent. Therefore, the land was named America after him.阿美利歌·韦斯普奇证明了这是新大陆，因此，以他的名字命名。
2)Causes of the colonization of the New World 殖民时期Opportunity was a magic word.机遇是一个神气的词①The new Would drew English nobles (who dreamed of getting more land and establishing great new estates.).②Drew other people who could not find jobs in England.③Most of all , it drew the poor and the homeless from the farmlands and villages of Europe.④Many settlers came to the English colonies in search of religious freedom because they had been persecuted in England.1）他吸引了英国的贵族（那些梦想在荒原上创建庞大的新地产的）2）吸引那些在英国无法找到工作的人。
英语国家概况之美国历史
colonial period
• In 1607 the English established their first colony in America, at Jamestown, Virginia.
Virginia is named in honor of Queen Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen. Jamestown was named for the ruler, King James.
Five chapters 1 Foreword 2 Preface 3 Accused King George III 4 Denounce British 5 Conclusion
The Declaration of Independence
• We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed（赋予） by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness. • 我们认为下面这些真理是不言而喻的：人人生而平等，造 物者赋予他们若干不可剥夺的权利，其中包括生命权、自 由权和追求幸福的权利。 • That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed. • 为了保障这些权利，人类才在他们之间建立政府，而政府 之正当权力，是经被治理者的同意而产生的。
英语国家概况美国部分精讲2
Chapter 17 American History(III) in post-W.W.II Era(1945-1980S)[被屏蔽广告]必背细节1. On Feb 22,1946,George Kennan, a high-ranking official in the American embassy to Moscow, wrote in the telegram that the U.S.policy should be vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies. Later the containment policy became the official policy towards the Soviet Union.1946年2月22日，美国驻苏联大使乔治。
凯南在他的电报中主张对苏联采取遏制政策。
2．The open declaration of the containment policy was made by President Truman on March 12,1949 in a speech to the joint session of congress.1949年3月12日杜鲁门总统在国会联席会议上公开宣布了遏制政策。
3．In order to protect Western Europe from possible Soviet expansion, the U.S.decided to offer Western European countries economic aid. This later came to be called the Marshall plan.为了保护西欧不受苏联扩张影响，美国决定给予西欧国家经济支援，此举后来被称作"马歇尔计划。
"4．The North Atlantic Treaty, which was signed on April 4,1949,marked the beginning of U.S.efforts in setting up a military alliance around the Soviet Union and its allies.美国于1949年4月4日签订的北大西洋公约标志着美国开始致力于在苏联及其盟国周围建立军事同盟。
英语国家概况精讲之必背美国篇汇总
英语国家概况精讲：第十四章美国人口种族chapter 14：population.Race and Ethnic groups必背细节1.The United States of America is the third most populous county in the world after Chind and India.美国是世界人口第三大国，仅次于中国和印度。
2。
Immigration accounts for a major source of population growth,The United States has a more or less open-door policy to immigtants from independence until 1960s.Ellis Island of New York was an important immigration reception spot in the 1890s and at the turn of the century.19世纪末20世纪初，纽约的埃利斯岛是一个重要的移民入境接待点。
3。
Almost 20 million people or 7.8% of the total population were immigrants in 1992.Between 80% and 90% of immigration to the United States now is from Asian and Hispanic countries.如今美国移民的80%到90%主要来源于亚洲和拉美国家。
4。
Arizona,Nevada,and Florida have been the fastest growing states in population for the last 20 years. 在过去的二十年里，亚利桑那，内华达和佛罗里达是人口增长最快的州。
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ALA 阿拉巴马州 ALAS 阿拉斯加州 ARIZ 亚利桑那州 ARK 阿肯色州 CAL 加利福尼亚州 COLO 科罗拉多州 CONN 康涅狄格州 DEL 德拉华州
50 States of America
District of Columbia DC(华盛顿)哥伦比亚特 区 Florida FL FLA 佛罗里达州 Georgia GA 乔治亚州 Hawaii HI 夏威夷州 Idaho ID IDA 爱达荷州 Illinois IL ILL 伊利诺州 Indiana IN IDN 印地安那州 Iowa IA 衣阿华州
American geography
American Geography
MAP OF USA
50 States of America
Alabama AL Alaska AK Arizona AZ Arkansas AR California CA Colorado CO Connecticut CT Delaware DE
New England and Big Cties
Six states in northern West America Washington D.C.--- DC New York ：Wall Street; Broadway
Higher Education
Ivy League Princeton University, , top 1---the best 1636 Harvard U. founded. MIT--- Not U. 1701 Yale U. founded Stanford U., University of California at Berkley ,1876
America Literature
1765 - 1790: Revolutionary Age Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of Independence, 1775 Thomas Paine,1737—1809, Common Sense 1776; The Crisis,1776--1783 Benjamin Franklin, Poor Richard’s Almanac; Autobiography
America Literature
1865 - 1914: Realistic Period --Naturalistic Period
Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom’s Cabin Mark Twain, Samuel L. Clemens, Tom Sawyer, Huckleberry Finn Stephen Crane
History Of America
1870-1920 Industrial Revolution 1942 VOA
America Literature
Individualism; American Dream 1607 - 1775: Colonial Period William Bradford，1590—1657,Of Plymouth Plantation, Jonathan Edwards, 1702—1758, Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Anne Bradstreet, 16217—1672, Upon the Burning of Our House
The Mayflower Compact, 1620
. Pilgrims on the Mayflower were not
all pilgrims. Some of the Pilgrims drew up and signed a compact which obliged the signers to obey whatever was decided to be for the public good. It was called the Mayflower Compact.
50 States of America
Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York
MO 密西西比州 MT MONT 蒙大拿州 NE NEB 内布拉斯加州 NV NEV 内华达州 NH 新罕布什尔州 NJ 新泽西州 NM 新墨西哥州 NY 纽约州
America Literature
1828 - 1865: Romantic Period in America (American Renaissance or Age of Transcendentalism) Ralph Waldo Emerson,1803—1882, Nature; the American Scholars; “the intellectual declaration of independence” Henry David Thoreau, 1817—1862, Walden,1854
50 States of America
South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming
SC 南达科他州 TN TENN 田纳西州 TX TEX 德克萨斯州 UT 犹他州 VT 佛蒙特州 VA 弗吉尼亚州 WA WASH华盛顿州 WV W.VA 西弗吉尼亚州 WI WIS 威斯康星州 WY WOY 怀俄明州
The Mayflower Compact
History Of America
1774 The First Continental Congress 1775-1783 American Revolutionary War 1775 The Second Continental Congress 1776 July 4 , Independent Day 1781--1987 Confederation 邦联 1783 Paris Treaty ; All the lands to Mississippi 1787 Constitutional Congress
America Literature
1775
- 1865: Early National Period Washington Irving, 1783—1859, The Sketch Book, James Fenimore Cooper,1789—1851, The last of the Mohicans, The leatherstocking tales Edgar Allan Poe,1809—1849, Annabel Lee
History Of America
The Naming of America.--Many other explorers also visited the new-found lands. Among these was an Italian named Americus Vespucius. He wrote accounts of his voyages in 1507, which were printed and read by many persons. In these accounts he said that what we call South America was not a part of Asia. So he named it the New World.
50 States of America
North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina
NC ND OH OK OR PA RI SC
北卡罗来纳州 北达科他州 O 俄亥俄州 OKLA 俄克拉荷马州 ORE 俄勒冈州 宾夕法尼亚州 罗得岛州 南卡罗来纳州
50 States of America
Kansas KS Kentucky KY Louisiana LA Maine ME Maryland MD Massachusetts MA Michigan MI Minnesota MN
KAN 堪萨斯州 肯塔基州 路易斯安那州 缅因州 马里兰州 MASS 麻萨诸塞州 MICH 密执安州 MINN 明尼苏达州
America Literature
Ezra Pound, Imagism 意象派 In a Station of the metro Emily Dickinson, “Homeless at Home” Jack London, Martin Eden Theodore Dreiser, Sister Carrie O.Henrry,1862—1910, The Cop and Anthem
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
History Of America
1607 British First Settlement at James town, Virginia by London company. 1619 First group of black slaves introduced into Virginia. 1620 Pilgrims land at Plymouth Mass 1621 First Thanksgiving 1765 The Stamp Act---the heavy tax