高中英语动名词知识点

The Gerund

Seeing (see) is believing.

Having solved (solve) this difficult question made her very happy.

Being invited (invite) to the party is a great honor.

Having been defeated (defeat) by such a weak team made the players very upset.

1. 定义：

动名词是英语动词的一种非谓语形式。动名词的构成：动词加上ing 构成。顾名思义，动名词有双重功能。它既有名词的特点---可作句子的主语，动词和介词的宾语；也有动词的特点---可以有自己的宾语和状语。

First, exchange a “Hello” or “Hi” with the foreigner, but at the same time, pay close attention and see if he feels like chatting.

That’s the cue for you to stop moving on.

Making small talk can be one of life’s pleasures.

2. 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语。

1) 作主语

①直接位于句首做主语。

. _____D_____ clean is a safeguard against disease.

A. To be keeping

B. Kept

C. Keep

D. Keeping

读书是一种艺术。

Reading is an art.

爬山是真有趣。

Climbing mountains is really fun

.

②动名词作主语，除了放在句首，有时先用it作形式主语，把动名词置于

句末。这种用法在习惯句型中常用。如：

It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用。

It is a waste of time persuading such a person to join us. 劝说这样的人加入真是浪费时间。

It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。

注：动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较

动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较：

Smoking is not good for health.

It is not good for you to smoke so much.

2)作宾语

Some foods are eaten without ______B______.

A. well absorbing

B. being well absorbed

C. absorbing

D. well absorbed

①作动词的宾语

某些动词后只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：admit, appreciate, avoid, consider, celebrate, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, delay, deny, escape, excuse, forgive, involve, mention, pardon, postpone, risk, practise, resist, suggest等。

They went on walking and never stopped talking. 他们继续走，说个不停。

I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事

②作介词的宾语

如：be/get used to, devote…to…, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to，object to，lead to，be committed to,等。

We are thinking of making a new plan for the next term.

我们正考虑为下学期制定新的计划。

Shall we have a rest or get down to doing our work?

我们休息呢还是开始干活？

在一些固定句型中,动名词作介词宾语,其中介词有时可以省掉。常用结构有: have trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.; prevent/stop sb. (from) doing sth.;

spend (waste) time (in) doing sth. ;

如: Do you have any trouble (in) finding the post office?

注：be + adj.+ doing. 的习惯用法。

这种曲子很值得多听几遍。

The music i s well worth listening to more than once.

我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。

We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet.

3)作表语

你的任务就是擦窗户。

Your task is cleaning the windows. (Cleaning the windows is your task.)

表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。

我最痛恨的就是被别人嘲笑。

What I hate most is being laughed at. (Being laughed at is what I hate most.)