汉语中同义反复词的翻译

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《北梦琐言》“后唐庄宗过河”文言文阅读理解及译文

《北梦琐言》“后唐庄宗过河”文言文阅读理解及译文

《北梦琐言》“后唐庄宗过河”文言文阅读理解及译文阅读下面语段,完成下面小题。

后唐庄宗过河,荆渚高季昌①谓其门客梁震曰:“某事梁祖②,仅获自免。

龙德③已来,止求安活。

我今入觐,亦要尝之。

彼若经营四方,必不縻我。

若移入他镇,可为子孙之福。

此行决矣。

”既自阙回:谓震曰:“新主百战,方得河南。

对勋臣夸手抄《春秋》。

又竖指云:‘我于指头上得天下。

’则功在一人,臣佐何有?且游猎旬日不回,中外情何以堪?吾高枕无忧。

”乃筑西面罗城,拒敌之具。

不三年,庄宗不守。

英雄之料,顷刻不差,宜乎贻厥子孙4。

(出自《北梦琐言》) 注释:①高季昌:后梁时担任荆州节度使,庄宗渡黄河灭梁之后高季昌在荆州称王,建南平国。

荆渚,即荆州。

②梁祖:梁太祖朱全忠。

③龙德:梁末帝年号。

④贻:留传;遗留。

厥:他,他的。

1.写出下列加点词在句中的意思。

(1)某事梁祖(2)且游猎旬日不回2.下列句中加点字不属于古今异义词的一项是A.中外情何以堪。

B.欲苟顺私情,则告诉不许。

C.死何裨益。

D.谢汉使曰:“武等实在。

”3.下列各组中加点词的用法和意义相同的一项是A.①谓其门客梁震曰。

①尔其无忘乃父之志。

B.①龙德已来,止求安活。

①学不可以已。

C.①可为子孙之福。

①秦则无礼,何施之为?D.①乃筑西面罗城。

①乃令张良留谢。

4.将下列句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)彼若经营四方,必不縻我。

(2)功在一人,臣佐何有?5.概括高季昌入宫觐见庄宗的根本目的。

6.从高季昌的话语中,概括新主庄宗的两个主要特点。

【答案】1.(1)事:侍奉(2)旬日:十天2.C3.D4.(1)如果他想谋取天下,一定不会囚系(扣押)我。

(2)功劳在(他)一个人(身上),辅佐大臣还有什么(功劳)?5.试探庄宗的图谋(虚实、动静)。

6.自以为是(“骄傲自大”、“好大喜功”等也可);贪图享乐(“不思进取”、“荒淫无度”等也可)。

【解析】1.本题考查学生对文言文中重点词语含义的理解能力。

解答此类题型首先靠平时积累,尤其是课本知识的积累;其次是通过对句子成分、句式特征的分析或者联系上下文推断词语含义。

《宋书—谢弘微传》“谢弘微,陈郡阳夏人也”文言文阅读理解及译文

《宋书—谢弘微传》“谢弘微,陈郡阳夏人也”文言文阅读理解及译文

《宋书—谢弘微传》“谢弘微,陈郡阳夏人也”文言文阅读理解及译文阅读下面的文言文,完成下面小题。

谢弘微,陈郡阳夏人也。

父思,武昌太守,从叔..峻司空项第二子也无后以弘微为弘微本名密犯所继内故以字行,童幼时,精神端审,时然后言所丝叔父混名知人,见而异之,谓思曰,此儿深中夙敏,方成佳器,有子如此足矣。

弘微家素贫,而所继丰泰,唯受书数千卷,遗财禄秩..,一不关豫,混风格高峻,少所交纳,唯与族子灵运、瞻、弘微并以文义赏会尝共宴处,居在岛衣巷,故谓之鸟衣之游,等才辞富,弘微每以约言服之,混特所敬贵,号曰子,义照八年,混以刘党见诛来,要晋陵公主以混家事委之弘微,弘微经纪生业,事若在公,一钱尺帛出入,皆有文簿,高祖受命晋陵公主降为东乡君自混亡,至是九载字修整,仓充盈,门徒业使,不异平日,田辟,有加于,中外姻亲,道义而室1,入门莫不叹息,或为之涕流,感弘微之义也,性严正,举止必循礼度,事继亲之党,恭谨过常,太祖镇江陵,弘微为文学,母忧去职,居丧以孝称服阅逾年,菜蔬不改,兄历御史中丞,元嘉四年卒,弘微蔬食积时,哀戚过礼,服虽除,犹不啖鱼肉。

弘微少孤,事兄如父,兄弟友之至,举世莫及也。

弘微口不言人长,而好威否人物、每言论,弘微常以它语乱之九年,东乡君亮,资财万,宅十余所,奴使犹有数百人弘微一无所取,自以私禄..营葬,曰:“亲戚..争财,为都之甚,今分多共少,不至有乏,身死之后,岂复见关十年卒、时年四十二,上甚痛惜之,使二卫千人营毕葬事,追赠太常。

(节选自《宋书,谢弘微传》) 1.下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句,正确的一项是A.从叔峻/司空琰第二子也/无后/以弘微为嗣/弘微本名密/犯所继内讳/故以字行。

B.从叔/峻司空第二子也/无后/以弘微为嗣/弘微本名密/犯所继内讳/故以字行。

C.从叔峻/司空琰第二子也/无后以弘微为嗣/弘微本名/密犯所继内讳/故以字行. D.从叔/峻司空琰第二子也/无后/以弘微为嗣/弘微本名/密犯所继内/故以字行。

汉语中同义反复词的翻译

汉语中同义反复词的翻译

挨门逐户:from house to house / from door to door;唉声叹气:heave a deep sigh / sigh in despair / moan and groan 安家落户:make one’s home /settle安然无恙:safe and sound按部就班:follow the prescribed order / keep to conventional ways of doing things.跋山涉水:scale mountains and ford stream / travel across mountains and rivers百孔千疮:riddled with gaping wounds / afflicted with ills.半半拉拉:incomplete / unfinished半夜三更:in the depth of night / late at night报仇雪耻:avenge oneself / take revenge抱残守缺:cherish the outmoded and preserve the outworn—be conservative; be an anachronism背井离乡:leave one’s place / be away from home.背信弃义:break faith with sb / be perfidious笨口拙舌:awkward of speech / slow of speech / inarticulate笨手笨脚:clumsy / awkward毕恭毕敬:reverent and respectful / extremely deferential标新立异:start sth. New just in order to be different / do sth. Unconventional or unorthodox / create sth new and original冰天雪地:a world of ice and snow捕风捉影:chase the wind and clutch at shadows – speak od act on hearsay evidence不慌不忙:unhurried / calm / leisurely不痛不痒:scratching the surface / superficial / perfunctory不屈不饶:unyielding / indomitable / dauntless才疏学浅:have little talent and less learning藏污纳垢:shelter evil people and countenance evil practices沉默寡言:taciturn / uncommunicative / reticent陈词滥调:hackneyed and stereotyped expressions陈谷子烂芝麻:old millet and stale sesame称心如意:after one’s own heart打家劫舍:loot / plunder大吹大擂:make a great fanfare / make a big noise/ beat the drum大慈大悲:infinitely compassionate and merciful呆头呆脑:stupid—looking殚精竭虑:tax one’s ingenuity / rack one’s brains刀山火海:a mountain of swords and a sea of flames—most dangerous places; most severe trials登峰造极:reach the peak of perfection / have a very high level / reach great heights低声下气:speak humbly and under one’s breath / be meek andsubservient / be obsequious涤瑕荡垢:remove the stains and cleanse the filth—eradicate bad habits and customs颠沛流离:drift from place to place, homeless and miserable / wander about in a desperate plight / lead a vagabond life吊儿郎当:careless and casual / slovenly丢三落四:forget this and that / be always forgetting things东奔西窜:flee in all direction东奔西跑:run around here and there / bustle about / rush about 东倒西歪:leaning / unsteady / tottering东拉西扯:drag in irrelevant matters / talk at random / ramble 东鳞西爪:odds and ends / bits and pieces / fragments多才多艺:versatile / gifted in many ways多愁善感:sentimental and susceptible发号施令:issue orders / order people about繁荣昌盛:thriving and prosperous改朝换代:change of dynasty or regime / dynastic change鬼斧神工:uncanny workmanship / superlative craftsmanship 鬼鬼祟祟:doings of ghosts and god—unexpected happenings; a curious coincidence海枯石烂:the sea run dry and the rocks crumble呼朋引类:gang up狐群狗党:a pack of rogues / a gang of scoundrels胡思乱想:go off into flights of fancy / give way to foolish fancies / let’s one’s imagination run away with one胡言乱语:talk nonsense / rave胡作非为:act wildly in defiance of the law or public opinion / commit all kinds of outrages / run amuck花言巧语:sweet words / fine words / flattery/ blandishments 见多识广:experienced and knowledgeable金枝玉叶:golden branches and jade leaves—of imperial lineage 筋疲力尽:exhausted / played out / worn out/ tired out / all in / dead—beat/ dog—tired精疲力竭:exhausted / worn out / tired out / spent镜花水月:flowers in a mirror or the moon in the water—an illusion酒囊饭袋:wine skin and rice beg / fair—weather friends开天辟地:the creation of heaven and earth – the beginning of history看菜吃饭量体裁衣:fit the appetite to the dishes and the dress to the figure –act according to actual circumstances靠山吃山靠水吃水:those living on a mountain live off the mountain, those living near the water live off the water—make use of local resources狼心狗肺:rapacious as a wolf and savage as a cur / cruel and unscrupulous / brutal and cold—blooded / heartless and ungrateful离经叛道:depart from the classics and rebel against orthodoxy 厉兵秣马:sharpen the weapons and feed the horses—get ready for battle临深履薄:as if the brink of chasm, as if treading on thin ice—with caution and care灵丹妙药:miraculous cure / panacea流水不腐户枢不蠹:running water is never stale and a door—hinge never gets worm – eaten流言蜚语:rumors and slanders龙盘虎踞:a coiling dragon and a crouching tiger—a forbidding strategic point龙潭虎穴:a dragon’s pool and a tiger’s den—a danger spot龙腾虎跃:dragons rising and tigers leaping—a scene of busting activity龙争虎斗:a fierce struggle between well—matched opponents 路遥知马力:distance tests a horse’s stamina卖儿鬻女:sell one’s children卖官鬻爵:sell official posts and titles米珠薪桂:rice is as precious as pearls and firewood as costly ascassia—exorbitantly high cost of living木雕泥塑:like an idol carved in wood or mould in clay—as wooden as a dummy能工巧匠:skilful craftsman / dab hand能说会道:have the gift of thee gab / be a glib talker匿影藏形:hide from public notice / conceal one’s identity / lie low攀龙附凤:play up to people of power and influence / put oneself under the patronage of a bigwig盘根究底:get to the heart of a matter / get to the bottom the things / inquiry deeply into sth旁敲侧击:attack by innuendo / make oblique reference抛头露面:show one’s face in public片言只语:only a few words破釜沉舟:break the cauldrons and sink the boats retreat; burn one’s boats欺世盗名:gain fame by deceiving the public / fish for undeserved fame奇谈怪论:absurd argument / strange tale奇形怪状:grotesque or fantastic in shape or appearance奇珍异宝:rare treasures奇装异服:exotic costume / bizarre dress / out—Landis clothes千奇百怪:all kinds of strange things / an infinite variety of fantastic phenomena千辛万苦:innumerable trails and tribulations / untold hardships 千言万语:thousands and thousands of words千真万确:absolutely true牵肠挂肚:feel deep anxiety / be very worried / be on tenterhooks轻描淡写:touch on lightly / mention casually穷兵黩武:use all one’s armed might to wage wars of aggression / wantonly engage I military穷途末路:be in an impose / have come to a dead end全心全意:whole—heartedly / heart and soul如火如荼:like a raging fire如饥似渴:as if thirsting or hungering for sth / eagerly如胶似漆:stick to each other like glue or lacquer / be deeply attached to each other如狼似虎:ad ferocious as wolves and tigers / like cruel beasts of prey如临深渊如履薄冰:as though on the brink of an abyss, as though treading on thin ice—acting with extreme caution三更半夜:in the dead of night三令五申:repeatedly give injunctions三心二意:be of two minds / shilly—shally / half—hearted三言两语:in a few words / in one or two words丧魂落魄:driven to distraction / shaken to the core搔头弄姿:stoke one’s hair in coquetry / posture and preen oneself骚人墨客:literary men / men of letters赏心悦目:find the scenery pleasing to both the eye and the mind伤风败俗:offend public decency / corrupt public morals山穷水尽:where the mountains and the ricers end—at the end of one’s rope山南水北:south of the mountains and north of the seas—far away; far and wide山盟海誓:make a solemn pledge of love山明水秀:green hills and clear waters—picturesque scenery 身败名裂:loss all standing and reputation / bring shame and upon oneself / be utterly discredited深仇大恨:bitter and deep—seated hatred / profound hatred深更半夜:at dead of night / in the depth of night / in the middle of the night深谋远虑:think deeply and plan carefully / be circumspect and far sighted深情厚谊:profound sentiments of friendship / profound friendship深思熟虑:careful consideration审时度势:judge the hour and size up the situation生拉硬扯:drag sb. Along against his will / stretch the meaning 生龙活虎:doughty as a dragon and lively as a tiger—brimming with energy; full of vim and vigor手忙脚乱:in a rush / in a hurry寿终正寝:die in bed of old age / die a unexpected favor / feel extremely flattered受苦受难:live in misery / have one’s fill of sufferings殊深轸念:express deep solicitude / feel deeply concerned鼠窃狗偷:filch like rats and snatch like dogs—play petty tricks on the sly水有源树有根:every river has its source and every tee its roots—everything has its origin说长道短:gossip说东道西:chatter away on a variety of things说三道四:make irresponsible remarks缩手缩脚:shrink back in apprehension / be over—cautions缩头缩脑:be timid / be fainted—hearted shrink from responsibility探头探脑:pop one’s head on and look about腾云驾雾:riding the clouds and mounting the mist—feel giddy 提纲挈领:take a net by the head rope or a coat by the collar—concentrate on the main points; bring out the essentials 提心吊胆:have one’s heart in one’s mouth / be on tenterhooks 天崩地坼:heaven feeling and earth rending—violent political or social upheavals天不怕地不怕:fear neither heaven nor earth / fear nothing on earth / nothing daunted天长地久:enduring as the universe / everlasting and unchanging天翻地覆:heaven and earth turning upside down天高地厚:as high as the heavens and as deep as the earth—profound天公地道:absolutely fair天寒地冻:the weather is cold and the ground is frozen天昏地暗:murky heavens over a dark earth / dark all round天经地义:the principles of heaven and earth—right and proper; perfectly justified天旋地转:the sky and the earth were spinning round / dizzy天涯海角:the ends of the earth / the remotest corners of the earth天造地设:created by nature / heavenly / ideal添油加醋:ass color and emphasis to / ass highly colored details to添枝加叶:embellish a story添砖加瓦:so what little one can to help恬不知耻:not feel ashamed / have no sense of shame / be shameless甜言蜜语:sweet words and honeyed phrases / fine—sounding words挑肥拣瘦:pick the fat or choose the lean—choose whatever is to one’s personal advantage挑三拣四:pick and choose / be choosy条条框框:rules and regulations / regulations and restrictions / conventions and taboos调皮捣蛋:mischievous / troublesome通都大邑:a large city / metropolis通风报信:furnish secret information / tip. sb off通宵达旦:all night long / all through the night同呼吸共命运:share a common fate / throw in one’s lot with sb.同流合污:wallow in the mire with sb./ associate with an evil person / go along with sb. In his evil deeds同心同德:be of one heart and one mind同心协力:work in full cooperation and with one heart purpose / work together with one heart铜墙铁壁:a bastion of iron—an impregnable痛心疾首: with bitter hatred偷偷摸摸:furtively covertly投机倒把:engage in speculation and profiteering投机取巧:seize every chance to gain advantage by tricky涂脂抹粉:apply power and paint—prettify推本溯源:trace the origin推波助澜:make a stormy sea stormier推三阻四:decline with all sorts of excuses推心置腹:repose full confidence in sb.脱胎换骨:be reborn / cast off one’s old self忘恩负义:devoid of gratitude为非作歹:do evil / commit crimes问寒问暖:inquire with concern about sb’s well—being乌七八糟:in a horrible mess无边无际:boundless / limitless无尽无休:incessant无拘无束:unrestrained无牵无挂:have no cares无穷无尽:endless / inexhaustible无时无刻:all the time无依无靠:have no one to depend on / be helpless无影无踪:without trace无缘无故:without cause or reason / without rhyme or reason 无源之水无本之末:water without a source , a tree without roots熙熙攘攘:bustling with activity / with people bustling about 先知先觉:a person of foresight / having foresight小恩小惠:little favors心驰神往:one’s thought fly to心慈手软:soft—hearted心烦意乱:be terribly upset心甘情愿:be most willing to心慌意乱:be alarmed and confused心惊胆战:tremble with terror心惊肉跳:be jumpy / have the jitters心领神会:understand tacitly心满意足:be perfectly content心平气和:even—tempered and good humors心猿意马:a heart like a capering monkey and a mind like a galloping horse—restless辛辛苦苦:take a lot of trouble兴风作浪:stir up trouble兴师动众:move troops and stir up people—draw in many people形单影只:a solitary form, a single shadow—extremely lonely 幸灾乐祸:take pleasure in other people’s misfortune虚情假意:false display of affection嘘寒问暖:inquire after sb’s well being悬崖峭壁:sheer precipices and overhanging rocks寻根究底:get to the bottom of things循规蹈矩:observe rules, obey orders养精蓄锐:conserve strength and store up energy养尊处优:enjoy high position and live comfort妖魔鬼怪:demons and ghosts摇头晃脑:wag one’s head—look pleases with oneself咬文嚼字:pay excessive attention to wording一点一滴:every little bit一举一动:every act and every move一模一样:exactly alike一生一世:all one’s life / throughout one’s life一丝一毫:a tiny bit / an iota一心一意:heart and soul疑神疑鬼:be terribly suspicious隐姓埋名:conceal one’s identity / keep one’s identity hidden 永生永世:for ever and ever油腔滑调:glib油头滑脑:slick油嘴滑舌:glib—tongued有凭有据:fully substantiated / well—documented愚昧无知:benighted原原本本:from beginning to end贼头贼脑:behaving stealthily like a thief / furtive behaving stealthily like招灾惹祸:court disaster朝秦暮楚:serve Qin in the morning and Chu in the evening—be quick to switch sides朝三暮四:blow hot and cold朝思暮想:yearn day and night志士仁人:people with high ideals志同道合:cherish the same ideals and follow the same path智穷才尽:at end of one’s resources字斟句酌:choose one’s words with words with care自吹自擂:blow one’s own trumpet自言自语:talk to oneself / think aloud自由自在:leisurely and carefree / free and unrestrained自怨自艾:be full of remorse / repent走南闯北:journey north and south / travel widely罪魁祸首:chief culprit左思右想:think over from different angles / turn sth over in one’s mind。

高中文言文阅读:小题。王勃字子安,绛州龙门人。勃六岁解属文,构思无滞,词情英迈,与兄勋、励,才藻

高中文言文阅读:小题。王勃字子安,绛州龙门人。勃六岁解属文,构思无滞,词情英迈,与兄勋、励,才藻

高中文言文阅读 2019.111,文言文阅读阅读下面两段文言文,完成后面小题。

王勃字子安,绛州龙门人。

勃六岁解属文,构思无滞,词情英迈,与兄勋、励,才藻相类。

父友杜易简常称之曰:“此王氏三珠树也。

”沛王贤闻其名,召为沛府修撰,甚爱重之。

诸王斗鸡,互有胜负,勃戏为《檄英王鸡文》。

高宗览之,怒曰:“据此,是交构之渐!”即日斥勃,不令入府。

久之,补虢州参军。

勃恃才傲物,为同僚所嫉。

有官奴曹达犯罪,勃匿之,又惧事泄,乃杀达以塞口。

事发,当诛,会赦除名。

时勃父福畤为雍州司户参军,坐勃左迁交趾令。

上元二年,勃往交趾省父。

渡南海,堕水而卒,时年二十八。

初,吏部侍郎裴行俭有知人之鉴。

李敬玄尤重杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王与勃等四人,必当显贵。

行俭曰:“士之致远,先器识而后文艺。

勃等虽有文才,而浮躁浅露,岂享爵禄之器耶!杨子沉静,应至令长,余得令终为幸。

”果如其言。

父福畤坐是左迁交趾令。

勃往省觐,途过南昌,时都督阎公新修滕王阁成,九月九日大会宾客,宿命其婿作序以夸客。

因出纸笔遍请客,莫敢当,至勃,欣然不辞。

都督怒,起更衣,遣吏伺其文辄报。

一再报,话益奇,乃矍然曰:“天才也!”请遂成文,极欢罢。

勃属文,初不精思,先磨墨数升,则酣饮,引被覆面卧,及寤,援笔成篇,不易一字,时人谓勃为腹稿。

勃与杨炯、卢照邻、骆宾王皆以文章齐名,天下称王、杨、卢、骆“四杰”。

炯尝曰:“吾愧在卢前,耻居王后。

”议者谓然。

(选自《唐才子传》、《新唐书·文艺上》) 1.下列各句中画线词语的解释,正确的一项是A.据此,是交构之渐构:构陷,陷害B.事发,当诛,会赦除名当:应当,应该C.父福畤坐是左迁交趾令坐:坐守D.及寤,援笔成篇,不易一字 `寤:睡觉2.下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是A.又惧事泄,乃杀达以塞口怀帝阍而不见,奉宣室以何年B.士之致远,先器识而后文艺风之积也不厚,则其负大翼也无力C.勃等虽有文才,而浮躁浅露木欣欣以向荣,泉涓涓而始流D.因出纸笔遍请客,莫敢当3.下面对原文的叙述和分析有误的一项是A.王勃六岁时就才情过人,与其兄王勋、王励才华相当。

《资治通鉴—楚汉相争》“汉王谓陈平曰,天下纷纷,何时定乎”文言文阅读理解及译文

《资治通鉴—楚汉相争》“汉王谓陈平曰,天下纷纷,何时定乎”文言文阅读理解及译文

《资治通鉴—楚汉相争》“汉王谓陈平曰,天下纷纷,何时定乎”文言文阅读理解及译文阅读下面的文言文,完成下面小题。

汉王谓陈平曰:“天下纷纷,何时定乎?”陈平曰:“项王骨鲠之臣,亚父、钟离昧、龙且、周殷之属,不过数人耳。

大王诚能捐数万斤金,行反间,间其君臣,以疑其心;项王为人,意忌信谗。

必内相诛,汉因举兵而攻之,破楚必矣。

”汉王曰:“善!”乃出黄金四万斤与平,恣.所为,不问其出入。

平多以金纵反间于楚军,宣言:“诸将钟离昧等为项王将,功多矣,然而终不得裂地而王,欲与汉为一,以灭项氏而分王其地。

”项王果意不信钟离昧等。

夏,四月,楚国汉王于荥阳,急;汉王请和,割荥阳以西者为汉。

亚父劝羽急攻荥阳;汉王患.之。

项羽使使至汉,陈平使为大牢具。

举进,见楚使,即佯.惊日:“吾以为亚父使,乃项王使!”复持去,更以恶草具进楚使。

楚使归,具以报项王,项王果大疑亚父。

亚父欲急攻下荥阳城,项王不信,不肯听。

亚父闻项王疑之,乃怒日:“天下事大定矣,君王自为之,愿请骸骨!”归,未至彭城,疽发背而死。

五月,将军纪信言于汉王曰:“事急矣!臣请诳楚,王可以间出。

”于是陈平夜出女子东门ニ千余人,楚因四面击之。

纪信乃乘王车,黄屋,左量,日:“食尽,汉王降。

”楚皆呼万岁,之城东观。

以故汉王得与数十骑出西门遁去,令韩王信与周苛、魏约、枞公守荥阳。

羽见纪信,问:“汉王安在?”曰:“已出去矣。

”羽烧杀信。

汉高帝四年八月,项羽自知少助;食尽,韩信又进兵击楚,羽患之。

汉遣候公说羽请太公。

羽乃与汉约,中分天下,割洪沟以西为汉,以东为楚。

九月,楚归太公、吕后,引兵解而东归,汉王欲西归,张良、陈平说曰:“汉有天下太半,而诸候皆附;楚兵疲食尽,此天亡之时也。

今释弗击,此所谓养虎自遗患也。

”汉王从之。

高帝五年冬,十月,汉王追项羽至固陵,与齐王信、魏相国越期.会击楚;信、越不至,楚击汉军,大破之。

汉王复坚壁自守,谓张良曰:“诸侯不从,奈何?”对曰:“楚兵且破,二人未有分地,其不至国宜。

《古诗为焦仲卿妻作》“孔雀东南飞”文言文阅读理解及译文

《古诗为焦仲卿妻作》“孔雀东南飞”文言文阅读理解及译文

《古诗为焦仲卿妻作》“孔雀东南飞”文言文阅读理解及译文阅读下面文言文,完成下列小题。

古诗为焦仲卿妻作(节选)孔雀东南飞,五里一徘徊。

…………阿母谓阿女:“适.得府君书,明日来迎汝。

何不作衣裳?莫令事不举!”阿女默无声,手巾掩口啼,泪落便如泻。

移我琉璃榻,出置前窗下。

左手持刀尺,右手执绫罗。

朝成绣夹裙,晚成单罗衫。

晻晻日欲暝,愁思出门啼。

府吏闻此变,因求假暂归。

未至二三里,摧藏马悲哀。

新妇识马声,蹑履相逢迎。

怅然遥相望,知是故人来。

举手拍马鞍,嗟叹使心伤:“自君别我后,人事不可量。

果不如先愿,又非君所详。

我有亲父母,逼迫兼弟兄。

以我应他人,君还何所望!”府吏谓新妇:“贺卿得高迁!磐石方且厚,可以卒千年;蒲苇一时纫,便作旦夕间。

卿当日.胜贵,吾独向黄泉!”新妇谓府吏:“何意出此言!同是被逼迫,君尔妾亦然。

黄泉下相见,勿违今日言!”执手分道去,各各还家门。

生人作死别,恨恨那可论?念与世间辞,千万不复全!府吏还家去,上堂拜阿母:“今日大风寒,寒风摧树木,严霜结庭兰。

儿今日冥冥,令母在后单。

故作不良计,勿复怨鬼神!命如南山石,四体康且直!”阿母得闻之,零泪应声落:“汝是大家子,仕宦于台阁。

慎勿为妇死,贵贱情何薄!东家有贤女,窈窕艳城郭,阿母为汝求,便复在旦夕。

”府吏再拜还,长叹空房中,作计乃尔立。

转头向户里,渐见愁煎迫。

其日牛马嘶,新妇入青庐。

奄奄黄昏后,寂寂人定初。

我命绝今日,魂去尸长留!揽裙脱丝履,举身赴清池。

府吏闻此事,心知长别离。

徘徊庭树下,自挂东南枝。

两家求合葬,合葬华山傍。

东西植松柏,左右种梧桐。

枝枝相覆盖,叶叶相交通..。

中有双飞鸟,自名为鸳鸯。

仰头相向鸣,夜夜达五更。

行人驻足听,寡妇起彷徨。

多谢.后世人,戒之慎勿忘。

1.写出下列加点词语在句中的意思。

(1)适.得府君书( )(2)卿当日.胜贵( )(3)叶叶相交通..( )(4)多谢.后世人( )2.把下列句子译成现代汉语。

(1)君尔妾亦然(2)渐见愁煎迫3.下列各组中加点词的用法和意义相同的一项是()。

《后汉书—梁鸿传》“梁鸿字伯鸾,扶风平陵人也”文言文阅读理解及译文

《后汉书—梁鸿传》“梁鸿字伯鸾,扶风平陵人也”文言文阅读理解及译文

《后汉书—梁鸿传》“梁鸿字伯鸾,扶风平陵人也”文言文阅读理解及译文阅读下面的文言文,完成下面小题。

梁鸿字伯鸾,扶风平陵人也。

父让,王莽时为城门校尉,封修远伯,使奉少昊后,寓于北地而卒。

鸿时尚幼,以遭乱世,因卷席而葬。

后受业太学...中。

曾..,家贫而尚节介,博览无不通,而不为章句。

学毕,乃牧豕于上林苑误遗火延及它舍,鸿乃寻访烧者,问所去失,悉以豕偿之。

其主犹以为少。

鸿曰:“无它财,愿以身居作。

”主人许之。

因为执勤,不懈朝夕。

邻家耆老见鸿非恒人,乃共责让主人,而称鸿长者。

于是始敬异焉,悉还其豕。

鸿不受而去,归乡里。

势家慕其高节,多欲女之,鸿并绝不娶。

同县孟氏有女,状肥丑而黑,力举石臼,择对不嫁,至年三十。

父母问其故。

女曰:“欲得贤如梁伯鸾者。

”鸿闻而娉之。

女求作布衣、麻屦,织作筐缉绩之具。

及嫁,始以装饰入门。

七日而鸿不答。

妻乃跪床.下请曰:“窃闻夫子高义,简斥数妇,妾亦偃蹇数夫矣。

今而见择,敢不请罪。

”鸿曰:“吾欲裘褐之人,可与俱隐深山者尔。

今乃衣绮缟,傅粉墨,岂鸿所愿哉?”妻曰:“以观夫子之志耳。

妾自有隐居之服。

”乃更为椎髻,着布衣,操作而前。

鸿大喜曰:“此真梁鸿妻也。

能奉我矣!”字之曰德曜,名孟光。

居有顷,妻曰:“常闻夫子欲隐居避患,今何为默默?无乃欲低头就之乎?”鸿曰:“诺。

”乃共入霸陵山中,以耕织为业,咏《诗》《书》,弹琴以自娱。

仰慕前世高士,而为四皓以来二十四人作颂。

因东出关,过京师,作《五噫之歌》,肃宗..闻而非之,求鸿不得。

乃易姓运期,名耀,字侯光,与妻子居齐鲁之间。

有顷又去适吴依大家皋伯通居庑下为人赁舂每归妻为具食不敢于鸿前仰视举案齐眉。

伯通察而异之,曰:“彼佣能使其妻敬之如此,非凡人也。

”乃方舍之于家。

鸿潜闭著书十余篇。

疾且困,告主人曰:“昔延陵季子葬子于嬴博之间,不归乡里,慎勿令我子持丧归去。

”及卒,伯通等为求葬地于吴要离冢傍。

咸曰:“要离烈士,而伯鸾清高,可令相近。

”葬毕,妻子归扶风。

古文翻译八法

古文翻译八法

(二)
名称说法改变。如: (1)负箧曳屣,行深山巨谷中。 (《送东阳马生序》)(箧,箱子, 这里指书箱;屣,鞋子) (2)迨诸父异爨,内外多置小门。 (《项脊轩志》)(爨,灶) (3)已股落腹裂,斯须就毙。 (《促织》)(斯须,复音虚词, 一会儿)
(二)
词类活用。
(1)假舟楫者,非能水也,而绝江河。 (《荀子·劝学》)(水,游水。名词 活用为动词) (2)殚其地之出,竭其庐之人。(《捕蛇 者说》)(殚,出产的;竭,收入的。 动词活用为名词) (3)斫其正,养其旁条。(《病梅官记》) (正,正枝,或主干。形容词活用为名 词) (4)六王毕,四海一。(《阿房宫赋》) (一,统一。数词活用为动词)
“换”:有些随着旧事物的变化而变化、旧概念 的消失而消失。有的可以按照一定语言习惯而灵 活运用,即在特定的语境中,改变它的词性,临 时活用一下。

(一)通假字。翻译时,要先找出本字与现代汉语构 成的通假。 (1) 为长者折枝,语人曰:“我不能。”(《齐桓晋 文之事》)(“枝”通“肢”,肢体) (2) 今王田猎于此。(《庄暴见孟子》)(“田”通 “畋”,打猎) (3) 卒然问曰:“天下恶乎定?”(《孟子见梁襄 王》)(“卒”通“猝”,卒然,突然) (4) 蚤起,施从良人之所从,遍国中无与立谈者。 (《孟子﹒齐人有一妻一妾》)(“蚤”通“早”; “施”通“迤”,逶迤斜行。文中指暗中跟踪)

例:不以臣卑/鄙 具/体而微者 因/为长句 前/进缶 颜/色憔悴, 形/容枯槁
对译词语,字字落实。检查是否
连贯,语气是否保留等
如果出现修辞手法,翻译的原则

1.一看就懂的加以保留。如:“臣心一片 磁针石”。 2.换成现代汉语中同值的修辞。如:“金 城千里”——铜墙铁壁绵延千里 3.有时无法翻译或改换,就干脆去掉修辞, 还其本体本义:如:“北筑长城而守藩 篱”——在北边修筑长城守卫边防 4.同义反复以加强语势的,合为一句话, 互文改为不互文。如:“[秦]有席卷天下, 包举宇内,囊括四海之意,并吞八荒之 心——秦国有并吞天下.统一四海的雄心。
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