从句的翻译
翻译技巧 9 状语从句的翻译
翻译技巧9 状语从句的翻译1. 条件状语从句1) During the execution of a contract, if one party fails to perform the contract and thus bring economic loss to another party, the latter may ask the former for compensation according to the contract stipulation.在合同的执行中，如果一方不能履行合同而造成另一方经济损失，受损方可根据合同规定要求对方赔偿。
2）We are notifying you that we reserve our right to claim on you for the shortage if it is confirmed.我方谨通知贵方，如果确定货物数量短缺，我方将有权向贵方提出索赔。
3）It will be very helpful for us to push our claim on condition that you can give us some evidence that your figure in the invoice is correct.只要贵方能提供证据，证明发票上的数字准确无误，这将有助于我方提出索赔。
4）We shall have to cancel the order unless it is executed within two weeks.除非这张订单在两周内履行，否则本公司不得不将它取消。
2. 时间状语从句1) When we investigate the matter of your claims, we have noticed a discrepancy between our invoice figure and the quantities you specified.我方在调查贵方提出的索赔时，发现我方的发票数量和贵方描述的数量不一致。
三大从句的翻译与特殊句型
By Yolanda
三大从句的翻译方法
• 名词性从句， • 形容词性从句 • 状语从句
名词性从句
• what, how, whether, that, where, when, 引导的名词性从 句,用来做主语，宾语，表语，介 词宾语或者同位语
状语从句
３．Though引导 Though引导的从句可放在主句前，也 可放在主句后面。 翻译不同：在前翻译为“虽然…“、”尽 管．．．”； 在后翻译为“可是”，“不过”，“然而”
状语从句
Thought the task was difficult, they managed to accomplish it in time. 虽然任务艰巨，他们还是设法及时完成了。 He was old and poor, though he was happy 他又老又穷，但过得却快活。
状语从句
• 特殊状语从句 1.That引导 2.Before引导 3.Though引导 4.Because引导 5.Until 引导
状语从句
1.That引导 1）“the+形容词或副词比较级 +that从句” 表示原因。 the act was the bolder that he stood utterly alone.
常翻译为独立的分句，或独立从句
名词性从句与形容词性定语从句
从成分来看： • 名词性从句，做主语，宾语，表语，介词宾 语或者同位语； • 形容词性定语从句，在句子中作定语； 从结构来看： • 名词性从句，前面没有要修饰的名词； • 形容词性定语从句，前面有要修饰的名词。
That名词性从句与that引导的形容词性 定语从句 eg: that you have done such a stupid thing was incredible. eg: I saw the cat 【that caught the rat】 【that ate the grain】 【 that in the house】 【that jack built】.
英语语法：五类状语从句的翻译讲解
英语语法：五类状语从句的翻译讲解一、时间状语从句1. 译成相对应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成“刚（一）……就……”的句式When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩，就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表“因”的分句1) “因”在“果”之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。
2) “果”在“因”之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险，因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事准确可靠，所以坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音，哪里就必有声波。
英语八大从句类型例句
英语八大从句类型例句含翻译1. 名词性从句（Noun Clause）:- Example 1: What she said surprised everyone.Translation: 她说的话让每个人都感到惊讶。
- Example 2: Whether they will come is uncertain.Translation: 他们是否会来是不确定的。
2. 形容词性从句（Adjective Clause）:- Example 1: The girl who is sitting next to me is my sister.Translation: 那个坐在我旁边的女孩是我妹妹。
- Example 2: I like the book that you recommended.Translation: 我喜欢你推荐的那本书。
3. 副词性从句（Adverbial Clause）:- Example 1: I will go to the party if I finish my work.Translation: 如果我完成工作，我将去参加聚会。
- Example 2: She sings well when she is happy.Translation: 她在开心时唱得很好。
4. 定语从句（Relative Clause）:- Example 1: The person who called you is waiting outside.Translation: 给你打电话的人正在外面等着。
- Example 2: The house that we visited yesterday is beautiful.Translation: 我们昨天参观的房子很漂亮。
5. 时间状语从句（Time Adverbial Clause）:- Example 1: We will start as soon as the rain stops.Translation: 一旦雨停，我们就会开始。
从句的译法
名词从句的译法英语名词从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句等。
翻译这类从句时，大多数可按原文的句序译成对应的汉语，但也还有一些其他处理方法。
一、主语从句（一）以what、whatever、whoever 等代词引导的主语从句翻译时一般可按原文顺序翻译。
1）What he told me was only half-truth.他告诉我的只是些半真半假的东西而已。
2）Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave a very deep impression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。
二、宾语从句（一）用that, what, how 等引起的宾语从句汉译时一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
1）I also told him how appealing I found the offer.我也告诉他，这提供的机会对我有多么大的吸引力。
有时可加“说”字，再接下去译原文宾语从句的内容。
1）He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家说，决定这件事的不只是他一个人，还有其他许多人。
三、表语从句英语表语从句和宾语从句一样，一般可按原文顺序翻译。
1）What he emphasized over and over again was that no matter how difficult it might be, they should never retreat even for an inch.他所再三强调的是，不管多么困难，他们决不应该后退寸步。
2) That was how a small nation won the victory over a big power.就这样，小国战胜了大国。
英语从句的翻译
英语从句翻译英语名词性从句的翻译可采用顺译法与逆译法1、Subject Clauses1）Subject Clauses Introduced by PronounsWhatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。
2) "It“ Functions as a Formal SubjectIt doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not.他参不参加会议都没多大关系。
2、Object ClausesI take it for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him.我理所当然地认为，你会来跟他谈这件事的。
We have no definite information yet as to which route he will take.关于他将走哪条路线，我们还没有确切的消息。
3、Predicative ClausesThis is where the shoe pinches.这就是问题的症结所在了。
Things are not always as they seem to be.事物并不总是如其表象。
4、Appositive Clauses1）Keeping the Original OrderHe expressed the hope that he would come over to visit China again.他表示希望能再来中国访问。
2) Converting into an Attributive Order or an Independent ClauseIt does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.迟延应由他负责，这个事实是改变不了的。
英语从句的翻译
(4)The Seller ensure that all the equipment listed in Appendix One to the Contract are brand-new products whose performance shall be in conformity with the Contract and which are manufactured according to current Chinese National Standards or Manufacture’s Standard. 卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新 产品，是根据现行的中国国家标准，或生产 厂的标准制造的，其性能符合合同规定。
2、分译法 (1)A fuel is a material which will burn at a reasonable temperature and produce heat. 燃料是一种物质，在适当温度下能燃烧并放出 热量。 (2)A healthy diet includes enough but too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients that it needs to function properly. 健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但不过多。这 些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养。
4thesellerensurelistedinappendixonetothecontractarebrandnewproductsshallbeinconformitywiththecontractandwhicharemanufacturedaccordingcurrentchinesenationalstandardsormanufacturesstandardthatalltheequipmentwhoseperformanceto卖方保证本合同附件一所列全部设备都是新产品是根据现行的中国国家标准或生产厂的标准制造的其性能符合合同规定
英语名词性从句的翻译
英语名词性从句的翻译英语名词性从句包括主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句和同位语从句, 在翻译这类从句时, 大多数可以按照原文的句序翻译成相应的汉语, 但是也有一些具体的处理方法, 下面我们结合一些实例加以说明：例1.How and when human language developed and whether animals such as chimpanzees and gorillas can develop a more elaborate system of communication are issues at present being researched, but as yet little understood.人类的语言是如何发展起来的, 是什么时候形成的, 诸如黑猩猩和大猩猩一类的动物是否会形成一种更加复杂的交流系统, 都是现阶段人们研究的课题, 但对此人们都知之甚少。
（主语从句）例2.How well the prediction will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. (95年考题)这些预测能在多大程度上被后来的成绩所证实取决于所使用的信息的量、可靠性和适合程度, 并取决于对信息作出解释的技能和智慧。
（主语从句）例3.It is often said that wide reading is the best alternative course of action but even here it is necessary to make some kinds of selection.人们常说, 大量阅读是可供选择的最佳方案, 但即使在这一方面, 也需要某些选择。
五类状语从句的翻译
五类状语从句的翻译一、时间状语从句1. 译成相应的时间状语1) 与原文顺序一致While she spoke, the tears were running down.她说话时，泪水直流。
2) 后置改前置Please turn off the light when you leave the room.离屋时请关灯。
2. 译成刚就的句式：When I reached the beach, I collapsed.我一游到海滩，就昏倒了。
3. 译成并列的分句：1) 译文前置They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid. 他还没有交赎金，他们就把他释放了。
2) 后置不变I was about to speak when Mr. Smith cut in.我正想讲，史密斯先生就插嘴了。
二、原因状语从句1. 译成表因的分句：1) 因在果之前The crops failed because the season was dry.因为气候干旱，作物歉收。
2) 果在因之前She could get away with anything, because she looked such a baby.她能渡过任何风险，因为她看上去简直还像娃娃模样。
2. 译成因果偏正复句中的主句：Pure iron is not used in industry because it is too soft.纯铁太软，所以不用在工业上。
Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信这件事正确可靠，因此坚持己见。
3. 译成无关联词的因果关系并列分句：Where there is sound, there must be sound waves.哪里有声音，哪里就必有声波。
从句的翻译
五ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ定语从句的译法
• 英语定语从句的译法主要涉及到限制性 定语从句的译法和非限制性定语从句的 译法。此外，有些英语定语从句和主句 间还存在着状语关系，对这种定语从句 也值得探讨。
（一）限制性定语从句
• 限制性定语从句对所修饰的先行词起限 制作用，与先行词关系密切，不用逗号 分开。翻译这类句子时往往可以用：
从句的翻译
• 英语中有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从 句、定语从句（含同位语从句）、状语 从句等。
一.主语从句
• （一）以what, whatever, whoever 等代词引导 的主语从句一般按原文语序翻译。 • 1) What he told me really surprised me. • 他所告诉我的着实让我吃惊。 • 2)Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. • 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻印象。 • 3) Whoever has traveled in that region must remember the waterfalls. • 凡是到过那个地区的人是一定记得那些瀑布 的
• 3) We have to face the fact that our prospects were less than good. • 我们不得不正视这样一个事实：我们的 前景并不乐观。 • 4) There was the chance that a small electrical spark might lead to a big fire. • 有这样的可能——一 一个小小的电火花 可能引起一场大火。
（二）用it作假宾语的句子， 汉译时that 引起的宾语从句一 般按原文顺序；it不译 。
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• 30. Can you produce any
evidence that he was not at home that night? •你能不能提出证据， 证明
那天夜里他不在家。
•
•B．用倒译s little probability
• B.翻译第二种句型的句子， 除需省译形式主语it外，还 需根据汉语的表达习惯，有 的用顺译，有的用倒译，有 的两者均可，有时主从合译 • （1）顺译
• 6.It hasn’t been made clear when the new expressway is to be opened to traffic. • 还不清楚新高速公路什么时候通 车。 • 7.It occurred to him that he had forgotten to take his notebook with him. • 他突然想起他忘了带笔记本了。
•2 7 ． T h e n a r o s e t h e question where we were
to get the materials needed. • 于是就产生了这样一个问 题：我们到哪里去找所需 要的材料。
• 28.In July 1898, Madame Curie and her husband got a great success that they
• 这一临界值可表示为：=（S1）（1-P），式中S为材料比 重；P为材料的空隙百分比， 以小数表示。（关系副词 where引导的定语从句修饰上 面的整个公式，所以where 译为“式中”）
•9 . T h e T a r t a r ( 鞑 靼 人 ) chief controls a thousand men, all of whom must obey his orders in both war and peace. • 鞑靼人的头目控制着1000 人 ， 这 1000 人 在战争和和平时期 都必须服从他的命令。
• （2）倒译 •8 . I t d o e s n ’ t m a t t e r
where we are going on holiday. • 我们去哪儿度假都没关系。
• 9.Has it been announced when the planes are to take off? • 飞机什么时候起飞 播报了没
• 4.What little she said has left us much to think about. • 她说的短短几句话很发人深思。 • 5.That he was in error will scarcely be disputed by his warmest friends. • 他弄错了，而他那些真诚的朋友 对此不会提出质疑。
for whom I have the greatest respect. • 詹姆斯.罗索是 我最尊重的人 。
• 3.Go back further, to a world where the steam
engine and allied inventions had not yet enabled industrialization. • 再进一步往回想，就回 到一 个蒸汽机及相关的发明尚未 导致工业革命的世界。
• It cannot be denied that… • 无可否认的是… • It is preferred that… • 最好… • It is reported that… • 据报道… • It is said that… • 据说…
• It can be seen from this that… • 由此可见… • It is well-known that… • 众所周知… • It is a fact that… • 事实上… • It is no wonder that… • 难怪…
• 22.You may be sure that he is honest. • 你可以相信他是诚实的。 •23.We are certain that we’ll be able to accomplish the de signing in a short period of time. • 我们肯定能在短期内完成这项设 计。
all the prisoners be set free. • 他命令释放所有的犯人。
•36. The story goes t h a t t h e expedition was a failure. •据说 这次远征失败了。
• 1.Those who want to go please sign their names here. • 想去的人请在这儿签名。 • 2.James Russll is a man
• • • • • • • • • •
It is advisable that… …是明智的 It is desirable that… 最好是… It is evident that… 很明显（或显然）… It is noteworthy that… 值得注意的是… It is assumed that… 假定…
discovered the radioactive element, polonium.
• 1898年7月，居里夫人和她的丈 夫获得了很大的成功—他们发现
了放射性元素钋。
• Not long ago the scientists made an exciting discovery
that this “waste” material could be turned into plastics.
• B．有时可将主从句合译 • 16.There is no air and water on the moon. That’s why no living things can live there. • 月球上没有空气和水。 因此 生物在月球上不能生存。
•17.That was how they were defeated. • 他们就是这样给打败的。
•II.表语从句的译法 •A．翻译表语从句一般用顺 译法 •13.This is what we are firmly against. •这是我们坚决反对的。
• 14.Things are not always as they seem to be. • 事物并不总是像表面上看来 的那样。 • 15.That is why we decided to put the discussion off. • 这就是我们坚决推迟讨论的 原因。
•A. 上述第一种句型一般 用顺译法 • 1．That she survived the earthquake is sheer luck. •她在地震中幸免遇难纯靠 运气。
•2 . W h o e v e r b r e a k s t h e regulations deserves a fine. • 违规者应予罚款。 • 3.Which result is correct remains to be studied. • 哪个结果正确，还有待研究。
• （3）顺译或倒译，两者均可 • 10.It is common knowledge that the whale is not a fish. • 众所周知，鲸不是鱼。 • 或：鲸不是鱼，这是众所周 知的。
• （4）主从合译 • 11. It is probable that he has got the clue for solving the problem. • 他很可能已找到解决这个问题的 线索。 • 12. It seems that that datum is quite convincing. • 这个数据似乎很有说服力。
•7.I have to book ahead for concerts, which are usually held in London. •我得预购 音乐会 的票。 这 些音乐会 通常在伦敦举行。
• 8.The critical value is expressed as =(S-1)(1-P) where S is specific gravity of material（材料 比重), P is percentage of voids in material(材料空 隙百分比) expressed as a decimal.
• B．介词宾语从句若位于句末， 有时根据汉语习惯，采用倒 译法 • 24.Did she say anything about how the work was to be done? • 关于这项工作该怎么做 她说 了什么没有？
• 25.We all thought it a pity that the conference
• 4.The way you answered the questions was admirable. • 你回答问题 的方式（或你回 答得）真是妙极了。
•5.The speech, which he
had written on little bits of paper, seemed
endless.
•C．有时可用倒译 •18.Raw material is what
we are badly in need of. • 我们急需的是原料。
• III．宾语从句的译法 • A．英语的宾语从句有三种：翻 译宾语从句一般都用顺译法 • 19.I can’t make out what they are talking about. • 我不清楚他们在谈什么。
left his keys in the bedroom. • 他突然 想起 他可能把钥匙遗
忘在卧室里了。
• 34.Is this not another proof that the so-called d é tente