论文野性的呼唤英文版
野性的呼唤缩写作文英语
野性的呼唤缩写作文英语The Call of the Wild is a classic novel by American author Jack London. The story is set in the Yukon during the 1890s Klondike Gold Rush and tells the story of a domesticated dog named Buck who is stolen from his home in California and sold into the brutal life of an Alaskan sled dog.Buck's journey from a pampered pet to a wild, fierce animal is a powerful metaphor for the human struggle for survival in a harsh, unforgiving world. The novel explores themes of instinct, adaptation, and the conflict between civilization and the natural world.As Buck is forced to adapt to the harsh realities of life in the wild, he becomes increasingly savage and feral. He learns to hunt, fight, and survive in a world where only the strongest and most cunning creatures can survive.Despite his transformation, Buck never loses hisloyalty and affection for his human masters. He remains fiercely loyal to those who show him kindness and respect, even as he becomes more and more wild and untamed.The Call of the Wild is a timeless classic that continues to resonate with readers today. Its themes of survival, loyalty, and the struggle for self-discovery are universal and timeless, and its vivid portrayal of the natural world and the creatures that inhabit it is both powerful and haunting.In conclusion, The Call of the Wild is a masterpiece of American literature that continues to inspire and captivate readers more than a century after its initial publication. Its exploration of the human struggle for survival in a harsh and unforgiving world is as relevant today as it was when it was first written, and its portrayal of the natural world and the creatures that inhabit it is both beautiful and awe-inspiring.。
野性的呼唤缩写作文英文
野性的呼唤缩写作文英文英文：The call of the wild is something that has always intrigued me. It's this primal instinct that seems to tugat my soul, beckoning me to explore the untamed beauty of nature. I can't help but feel a sense of freedom and exhilaration when I hear the howl of a wolf or the roar ofa lion. It's like a reminder that there is a world outthere that is wild and unbridled, waiting to be discovered.I remember one particular experience when I was hikingin the mountains. As I made my way through the dense forest, I could hear the rustling of leaves and the chirping of birds. Suddenly, I heard a deep, guttural growl that sent shivers down my spine. It was a bear, and I could feel my heart racing as I tried to remember what I had read about encountering wild animals. In that moment, I felt a surgeof adrenaline and a rush of fear, but also a strange senseof excitement. It was as if I was being tested by the wild,and I had to rely on my instincts to stay safe.The call of the wild isn't just about encountering dangerous animals, though. It's also about connecting with the natural world in a way that feels raw and authentic. Whether it's watching a sunset over the savanna or feeling the spray of a waterfall on my face, there's something about being in the wild that makes me feel alive.中文：野性的呼唤一直让我着迷。
野性的呼唤英文作文
野性的呼唤英文作文英文：The call of the wild is something that has always intrigued me. It's that primal instinct that we all have deep within us, the one that tells us to go out and explore, to hunt, to survive. It's what makes us human, and yet it's also what makes us animals.For me, the call of the wild is something that I feel every time I step out into nature. Whether it's hiking in the mountains, camping in the woods, or simply taking awalk in the park, I feel that connection to the natural world that reminds me of my place in it. It's a feeling of freedom, of being unencumbered by the trappings of modern society, and of being able to truly be myself.But the call of the wild is not just about being in nature. It's also about pushing myself to new limits, both physically and mentally. It's about taking risks, tryingnew things, and not being afraid to fail. It's about embracing the challenges that life throws at me and using them to grow and become a better person.中文：野性的呼唤一直是我所感到的一种神秘的力量。
【英语专业】英美文学学期论文-野性的呼唤（英文）
My Comment on “The Call of the Wild”【英语专业英美文学学期论文】Is it the howl coming from Buck from uncharted wild that knocks my heart softly? Finishing the well-known novel, “The Call of the Wild”, written by American writer Jack London, this feeling strikes me and has been in my mind with the face of Buck.Considering what Buck has experienced in his life, I have to admire the strong mind and courage of Buck. And after chew the cub, what Buck has given me takes up a high position. And questions stand out. What could I learn from the book? Should I learn? What does the author want to say? Merely that a hundred-pound-dog? What is of significance to be used in my own life? A list of feelings fills me up. Absolutely, there is much that has realistic value for me to connect it with practice.Adaptation is the first. At the beginning, Buck lived a civilized life in the Judge Miller’s, enjoying a pleasant life which can be described as a spell full of happiness. After been purchased to Northland, he was just a dog to be used to do hard work. It is fitting to think it at the point of death and living, for great changes bring survival or death. I am glad to see that what is helpful to survival is chosen. Is it wise or shameful, diplomatic or foolish? Our wonderful life, however, depends on our lives. So there is nothing wrong for Buck to gain the opportunity to live under the club of the man in red sweater. Life is not as easy as spelling this four-letter-wordand we must meet its needs. What we have experienced may elucidate this problem. Just like we left hometowns to receive education here, we are all required to make decision by ourselves and do what we may be not accustomed to. Besides, it is necessary for us to adjust quickly to resume campus life. The new environment where we are in, luckily, is much better than the one for Buck. Therefore, thinking that a dog makes it and making up our minds to do, we are able to adapt ourselves to the fresh environment and walk on the road to Rome.Character is the next. Characters serve for success. In terms of this, what is unavoidable also has influences. Whether it is fine all the time or not is beyond our ability, while which kind of character we should form is not. The final say is handled by us. Nine team-dogs including Buck show us various sorts. Dave cares nothing surrounding, and Joe can be known from his perpetual snarl and malignant eyes, for example. It is easy to find people who are similar to them around us. Asking nothing, giving nothing and expecting nothing, or being sour and introspective, or with excessive good mature.Our eyes have enough ability to distinguish the good between the bad. Living companied with fierce competition in society is like in the snow plain where Buck lived at some aspect, in my opinion. So we had better equip ourselves with basic characters and have them root in heart deeply. Stiffness, fearlessness, hardiness and conscientiousness are required.They are essential to help us find where we exactly are. Or shaky ground will be under our feet.Then it is action. Someone could realize his unparalleled dreams very easily. However, it only happens in daydreaming. Would anyone succeed without efforts and actual action? Certainly impossible! No matter how marvelous your words and thoughts are, they are dead if you do not take action to let they come true, resembling flowers that are never watered.In the novel, Buck never gives up to Spitz, the ferocious leader in team-dogs, with the attention that defeating him. His mind operates, so does his action. Victory finally is owned by him. We can learn to do as what he has done. Exercising the guide of words and thoughts in practice may make perfect. After all, action is heavier than empty ideas. Chinese writer Hu Sheng had an article, “Think and Do”, laying great stress on taking action after thinking. “To think should combine with to do”deserves to be remembered.Another is law. As a naturalistic writer, Jack London believed in the natural law that the survival of the fittest. Only by adapting to all kinds of irresistible power from nature and enduring difficulties can one exist in the view of London. A poem of Shakespeare says, “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.” Since on the stage, laws are needed to be carried out. For Buck, it is the law of club and fang. For us it means to catch up with the pace outside.Think about two phenomena. Buck has ever stolen food to protect his stomach from being empty. Jack London once stole oysters of fishermen. Despite differences between them, they both force themselves to obey the law, giving an answer to what people often say, life is cruel. Probably one day we have to bend to other’s will in order to gain opportunity to live. Admittedly, it is life.Friendship is also included. This novel displays us several emotions exemplified by the relationship of Buck and Thornton. One shows his loyalty and the other has care. As a matter of fact, we are unable to deal with our whole business alone. Friendship plays a vital part of every walk of life. Some methods to make friends and communicate with others are hidden behind the words. Trust is necessary, so is a hot heart. What’s more, we should take advantage of the touch with people to be an indeed friend. Supposed in trouble, warm hands would be given at once from dear friends kindly.The novel teaches me much that can do me good through nature and activities animals and human beings have in common. Nevertheless, there is something passive, I think. Buck becomes himself as one rules large demesne among wolves in the wild, having freedom, honor and power. If we pay too much attention to the result, to what Buck has accomplished, we may be led to a wrong way. As people are given a natural appetite not to be downtrodden, our primitive desire may be motivated, dreaming ofbe the empire, caring nothing about whatever measure we take. This point requests enough attention.All above is what I have learnt from the excellent book, “The Call of the Wild”. Though unable to understand it thoroughly, I have received a lot from this book published in the twentieth century in the twenty-first century, for it widens my vision and gives me enjoyment and lessons as well. I take a fancy to both the amazing book and the dog Buck.。
野性的呼唤英语毕业论文
Chapter One IntroductionJack London, whose real name is John Griffith London, was born on January 12, 1876. He was a child born out of wedlock, “the illegitimate son of W.H.Chaney, a talented and self-taught man who became an astrologer, and Flora Wellman, an eccentric woman from a wealthy Ohio family who was both a spiritualist and music teacher.”(吴,1900:111). London grew up in extreme poverty and had really rich life experiences which were rarely experienced by other writers in the world. “From earliest youth he supported himself with menial and dangerous jobs, experiencing profoundly the struggle for survival that most other writers and intellectuals knew only from observation or books.”(吴,1900:111) He began to work for life after he finished primary school and later became a head of punk with many skills. Then he worked in a cannery and as an oyster pirate, seaman, jute mill worker, and coal shoveler. After crossing much of the continent as a member of “Coxey’s Army”, he was jailed for thirty days for vagrancy. At this point he determined to educate himself in order to improve his own condition and that of others. Those specific life experiences provided abundant materials for London’s l ater works. In 1900, he produced his first stories The Son of Wolf which won him the nationwide reputation. Since then because of his unique style of works, his stories were loved by almost every one in the world.The Call of the Wild is one of the masterpieces of Jack London, which was combined with his experiences in the north when he was engaged in looking for gold. It is a story about a dog named Buck. Buck was a large dog given birth to by a St. Bernard dog and a collie mixed breed dog. He was wild, sensitive and with the heavy wolf identity in deep heart. He was diligent when he pulled the sled while he showed his fierceness and wit when he was fighting. Originally Buck had lived in a judge’s family and had enjoyed a comfortable life, but he was stolen by the judge’s gardener and sold to the post office. In the end, he was sent to Alaska to pull mail sled in cold area. Buck was once sold to two French Canadians and was treated badly by the crueland inexorable men. After a period of time, he had learned how to pull sleds and kept trekking day after day in the ice and snow. To acclimatize himself better to the new cruel conditions, he learned to steal to comfort his hungry and to quench his thirst by getting water from breaking the ice.And in order to compete for the leadership, dogs were fighting each other all the time, when someone even got killed. Buck was a natural leader and was physically superior. He was brave and witty and never remained in a subordinate position for a long period. So Buck finally beat the old leader Spits and became a new leader. He seemed to have a good managerial competence. By using incentives and penalties in appropriate situations, Buck managed the dog team orderly, because of which he made the trip processing smoothly. In Buck’s heart there were no longer compassion and mercy, only the simple principle embraced: to kill, or be killed; eat or be eaten.Buck had been exchanged several times by several owners. After he finally had been hurt greatly, John Thornton kept him and offered him intensive care which made him recover very fast and a sincere affection between Buck and John Thornton had engendered. Buck was very faithful to his benefactor, John Thornton. He twice risked his life to save John’s. Unfortunately, John was killed by Indians in the process of fossicking for gold. With unbridled rage, Buck killed several Indians, by which he avenged John. Eventually, he responded to the call of the wild in his deep heart, got into the forest, joined the wolf company, and lived a primitive animal life.The location in the novel London selected was in the north of Canada, the world of ice and snow in Alaska near the Arctic, where the environment was extremely dangerous. The wilderness where there was no peace, life and body were at risk all the time, made it an unavoidable reality that only the strong survived in such a physical environment. And in that situation, any efforts to survive were reasonable; gentle noble, and humility were all weak performance there. Therefore, Buck adapting quickly to the environment in the North was actually the hymn of natural selection and survival of the fittest. This article will focus on both the acquisition of ability and changes in thoughts of the hero Buck, while he experienced the changes of the environment, to elaborate the survival of the fittest ideas in The Call of the Wild.This article is divided into three chapters. An analysis of the Survival of the Fittest ideology in The Call of the Wild is to be given by an exploration into the changes of Buck's life environment, his thoughts and how his ability is acquired. Then Buck’s adaption to the changing environment is understood, which reflects the idea of the survival of the fittest. In a sense, the idea of survival of the fittest in the novel is closely related to the author Jack London’s personal experiences.Chapter Two An Analysis of the Survival of the FittestIdeology in the Call of the Wild2.1 Acquisition of Buck’s ability2.1.1 How to become a sledge dogIn Judge Miller’s house, Buck had never done anything coolies. But when he was a sledge dog, he had to work hard like an animal under the deterrence of stick and whip. At first he had no idea about what the sled was, but he learned how to pull the sled from the experienced dogs and his masters.“Francois was stern, demanding instant obedience, and by virtue of his whip receiving instant obedience; while Dave, who was an experienced wheeler, nipped Buck's hind quarters whenever he was in error. Spitz was the leader, likewise experienced, and while he could not always get at Buck, he growled sharp reproof now and again, or cunningly threw his weight in the traces to jerk Buck into the way he should go.”(London, 1994:16)After he was taught by his host and under the help of his colleague, he had learned how to master a sledge immediately. This was the essential skill for him to live. He observed constantly in the work and mastered how to work very soon in the practice. Labor made him developing quickly in the intelligence and the physical strength, Bothe his mind and body had experienced a lot. His muscles became to burliness; his toe had already become stronger and tougher; he also could endure all kind of the pain and suffering; “He knew enough to stop at ‘ho,’to go ahead at ‘mush,’to swing wide on the bends, and to keep clear of the wheeler when the loaded sled shot downhill at their heels.”（London，1994: 16）He had been accustomedto pulling sled day after day –started working before dawn, came to a halt till the setting sun. In the dog team, Buck did his best to be a sled dog and was diligent while doing things all of which were to adapt to the environment of dog team.2.1.2 How to survive in the northWhen Buck arrived in the snowy wilderness the first time, he did not know how to keep warm to sleep. He went to the m aster’s sleeping tents, and was driven out without any doubt, until “he went back to investigate. A whiff of warm air ascended to his nostrils, and there, curled up under the sn ow in a snug ball, laid Billee”. (London, 1994: 17-18) Buck observed the way Billee had slept in the ice, and then he confidently selected a spot, and with much fuss and waste effort proceeded to dig a hole for himself.Buck was a heavy eater. For this reason, while the food was provided with only one pound of dried salmon each day, Buck was hungry all the time. And plus the scramble for food by other dogs, Buck had to require a big dietary adjustment.“In the aspect of eating, he had get rid of the former kind of picky, choosy and refined dietary habits, and learned to eat fast. On one hand he avoided from physical pain depend on no snatching the food; on the other hand, he learned to steal the food to fill his belly. And his gastric juice could absorb the nutrient bit by bit, very clean, showed his superior ability to adapt. "(Chen, 2009: 66)He developed extremely acute visual, olfactory and auditory sense. And even when he was asleep, he could hear the faint sound, and distinguish whether it indicates the danger or safety. When snowflakes fell on the feet becoming hard ice, he could use the teeth to bite off the ice in the middle of the toes. If he was thirsty, and was just near the ice river, he would choose the thinner ice in the river, and then used his hard front foot to knock on the ice, drinking the water smoothly. The most incredible skill of Buck was that he could forecast the wind direction before the nightwhich made even Perrault and Francis (the master of the dog team) amazed. Buck kept learning skills and methods living in north, gradually, he fit the new way of living in the harsh environment in the north.2.1.3 How to fightFighting skills were essential outdoor survival skills. In the Call of the Wild, Buck's fighting skills are described vividly in the fight with Spitz for the position of the lead dog.Buck was a southern dog. In the eye of Spitz, the southern dogs were all weak. But, Buck was different:“Buck was t he exception. He alone endured and prospered, matching the husky in strength, savagery, and cunning. Then he was a masterful dog, and what made him dangerous was the fact that the club of the man in the red sweater had knocked all blind pluck and rashness out of his desire for mastery. He was preeminently cunning, and could bide his time with a patience that was nothing less than primitive.”(London, 1994: 30)Just because of this, Buck has been always regarded as a thorn in Spitz’s eyes, which led to the fight between the two dogs inevitable. In the activity of catching a rabbit, after Buck drove in upon Spitz while Spitz was just catching the rabbit, he knew the moment to fight with Spitz was coming. At the beginning of the fight:“In vain Buck strove to sink his teeth in the neck of the big white dog. Wherever his fangs struck for the softer flesh, they were countered by the fangs of Spitz. Fang clashed fang, and lips were cut and bleeding.”（London，1994: 35）But Buck could not penetrate his enemy's guard. Then he warmed up and enveloped Spitz in a whirlwind of rushes. Time and time again he tried for thesnow-white throat, where life bubbled near to the surface, and each time and every time Spitz slashed him and got away. Then Buck took to rushing, as though for the throat, when, suddenly drawing back his head and curving in from the side, he would drive his shoulder at the shoulder of Spitz, as a ram by which to overthrow him. But instead, Buck's shoulder was slashed down each time as Spitz leaped lightly away.It was to hard for Buck to fight with Spitz at the beginning, because Spitz is a veteran and Buck had not fit the way Spitz had fought. However, as the fight progressing, Buck finally came up to a strategy to deal with Spitz. “He fought by instinct, but he could fight by head as well.” (London，1994: 36）He rushed, as though attempting the old shoulder trick, but at the last instant swept low to the snow and in. His teeth closed on Spitz's left fore leg. There was a crunch of breaking bone, and the white dog faced him on three legs. Thrice he tried to knock him over, then repeated the trick and broke the right fore leg.With his front legs chewed off by Buck, Spitz was not able to fight any more. He could only howl. At this moment, it seemed to come into a similar scenario: two dogs were fighting, while a group of onlookers around them. It was just like the scene when Curly was murdered. But in this time, the victim was Spitz himself.“He saw the silent circle, with gleaming eyes, lolling tongues, and silvery breaths drifting upward, closing in upon him as he had seen similar circles close in upon beaten antagonists in the past. Only this time he was the one who was beaten.” (London, 1994:36)This battle ended with Buck’s victory. Since then, Buck became the lead dog. The fight between Buck and Spitz reflected the principle of the “survival of the fittest” in the primitive society. Especially in the last, the scene that Spitz was tear by a group of dogs, the rules of survival emerged vividly.2.2 A brief introduction of the survival of the fittest ideologyThe Call of the Wild is a story about the hero Buck who was sold to the dog dealer by the servant of his master during the Great Gold Rush in the U.S., which compelled him to fall into a strange, harsh living environment, while he was originally living a comfortable life. Since then, he did his best to fit the cruel environment he was thrown into and got back to nature and became the head of the wolves after the loss of his beloved master. Buck, the hero can be a very strong manifestation of the survival of the fittest ideology because of his survival by constant adaption to environmental changes.“The theory, ‘Survival of the fittest’, is the law of biological evolution which implies that plants or animals adapt to the environment to survive or to die—it is the biological survival rule of brutal biosphere.”(付, 2009: 85-87) That is to say the essence of survival of the fittest ideology is that only those who adapt to the environment can survive in the harsh conditions; on the contrary those who can not adapt to the environment will eventually be eliminated by nature. This theory highlights that in the changing environment only those who can fully adapt to the environment can survive. The hero of this work, Buck, in order to fit changes of the environment, gave up his proud self when he was living as a judge’s dog; obeyed “the law of the club and tooth”; he learned to break the ice to quench his thirst; Soon he honed his feet and learned to pull sleds, and also learned to dig in the snow to sleep. For the sake of filling his belly, he tried hard to keep his food away from other dogs. He changed himself, an elegant gourmet, to a ravenously devouring dog like other dogs. At the same time, driven by hunger, Buck would not attend to the virtues of “not take others staff” and learned to steal the food to eat by takin g advantages of the time when the owner was not prepared, and didn’t get realized by the owner. These behaviors show his ability to adapt and also reflect the survival of the fittest ideas.2.3 Changes of Buck’s li ving environmentA better understanding of the survival of the fittest ideology can be achieved by checking the living environment described in the story. In fact, Buck’s living environment encountered a sudden change in the novel.“Buck lived in Mr. Miller's big house in the sunny Santa Clara valley. There were large gardens and fields of fruit trees around the house, and a river nearby. In a big place like this, of course, there were many dogs. Buck was chief dog; he was born here and this was his place. He went swimming with Mr. Miller's sons, and walking with his daughters. He carried the grandchildren on his back, and he set at Mr. Miller’s feet in front of the fire in winter.”（London, 1994: 6）It seems clear that Buck used to be a pet living in a civilized society originally which was eleg ant, rich and full of order. Mr. Miller’s home in th e sunny Santa Clara Valley was a portrayal of such a civilized society. In this world, Buck is just a pet, rather than a beast. He had no need to work for his master, Mr. Miller; he does not have to protect home or nurse the master. He is only a playmate or a partner of the host. Living in such a civilized environment, Buck had no need to worry about food and had no struggle and no burden, not to speak of danger. The only things he had were the sun, the garden, the river and the fruit fields. He lived a carefree, laid-back rural life. However, Buck's rich life did not last long. In 1897 when someone in Krona Dyke in Canada found a gold mine, a large number of people rushed to this area to look for gold. And they needed a lot of strong dogs to pull sleds which led Buck’s comfortable and easy life to an end, and brought a calamitous life to him. From then on, Buck was suddenly pulled out of the center of civilization, and was throwed into the center of the primitive.The center of the primitive was not easy to handle.“One day was very like another, but Buck noticed that the weather was getting colder. One morning, the ship's engines stopped, and there was a feeling of excitement in the ship. Francis leashed the dogs and took them outside. At the firststep Buck's feet went into something soft and white. He jumped back in surprise. The soft, white thing was also falling through the air, and it fell onto him. He tried to smell it, and then caught some on his tongue. It bit like fire, and then disappeared.”（London, 1994: 6）This is the description of Buck’s first contact with snow and ice, which shows that Buck came from the sunny, warm South to the ice and snow, cold and desolate north. In other words, it can be said that he came from the civilized world and entered the primitive one. During the days of pulling sledges, Buck’s li ving environment became worse and worse. He and the other dogs of the team kept pulling sledge day after day. They started working when it was dawn and came to a halt till the setting sun. Everyday he ate only a little fish, then drilled down to the snow cave to sleep. He was always hungry, and later he filled his stomach by fast eating and stealing the host’s meat. He could only rel y on his feet to get the water by breaking the ice to quench his thirst. Sometimes, the dogs fell into great dangers, nearly drowned or froze to death. In addition, he not only had to beware of Spitz’s attack, which was the leader of the dog team, but also protected the owner’s goods from the wild dogs all the time.In the harsh environment, Buck was exchanged several times. Even though, he met a good host John Thornton, under whose careful nursing of Thornton Buck recovered very quickly, this happy living with Thornton did not last long. Thornton, as a human being, had to face the cruelty of the environment as the dogs did. He did not succeed. As a result, he was killed by local Indians in the process of the Gold Rush Driven. With the extreme anger, Buck killed some of the Indians. Backed into a corner, Buck joined the wolves and by virtue of his strength, he conquered the wolves, became a leader of wolves. With the grand development of story plot, Buck got away further from the civilized world. If he wed to be a loving partner to human being, at the end of the story, he became a beast that completely obeyed the rules of nature. This results from the sharp change of his living environment.Buck had suffered a lot. He got out of the comfortable living environment, into the cruel harsh environment, and eventually returned to the primitive forest. In thisprocess, Buck had to change his previous way of living to adapt to the poor living environment and to increase his living skills to survive. At the same time, he must change his thoughts in order to adapt to the vagaries of living environment. Only in this way could he survive in the cruel world.2.4 Changes of Buck’s thoughts2.4.1 The law of club“The law of club” is one of the rules that must be obeyed in the primitive world. It reveals that cruel is the essence of the primitive world and obeying the power is a must between animals and men in the wild world. Buck living in Mr. Miller’s home in the Santa Clara Valley, had no need to work for Mr. Miller. The only mission he had was to play with his hosts. Buck who lived in such a civilized environment had no worry about food, with no struggle, no burden, not to mention dangers. In the world of his life, he believed in human beings, because of which led him directly to be sold to the dog trader without any precautions by Manuel El, the gardener of Mr. Miller’s. When Buck had the idea he had been sold to a stranger, it was too late and he felt so humiliated. He made up his mind to revenge the men who tortured him. He cried, tussled, waited for the opportunity coming, so that he could show his power to the dog traders. Finally, the moment came, so that he rushed out of the cage, looking forward to venting out these days’ anger at one time.“Buck was truly a red-eyed devil, as he drew himself together for the spring, hair bristling, mouth foaming, a mad glitter in his blood-shot eyes. Straight at the man he launched his one hundred and forty pounds of fury, surcharged with the pent passion of two days and nights.”（London, 1994: 10）However, Buck was knocked to the ground every time, which he could neverhave in mind when he jumped on the man in red. Eventually, after he had been shot down for numerous times, Buck could not get up again.“After a parti cularly fierce blow, he crawled to his feet, too dazed to rush.” “Buck's senses came back to him, but not his strength. He lay where he had fallen, and from there he watched the man in the red sweater.” “He saw, once for all, that he stood no chance against a man with a club. He had learned the lesson, and in all his later life he never forgot it. That club was a revelation. It was his introduction to the reign of primitive law, and he met the introduction halfway”（London, 1994:11-12）After beat by the man in red, he realized that he would never confront to a man with club. The only thing he could do was to obey the law of club.This is the first lesson Buck had got in the primitive world, and the first time he had realized the cruelty of life. He knew he failed, but he was not down, because he understood “the law of the club”.2.4.2 The law of the toothIn recognition of the “the law of club”, Buck was sold to the mailman Perot, embarked on his trip to the icy north. At the same time, Buck had the second lesson of life –“the law of the tooth”.“The law of the tooth”is another rule that must be obeyed in the primitive world. It reveals that cruelty and power between dogs and men is also exist between dogs and dogs. One who owns the power become the leader, while one who was weak would be dead in the wild. Curly’s suffering revealed a truth to Buck that in the barren north, even among the dogs, friendship and coexistence were substituted by cruelty and violence. Animals that were incapable of self-defense would be brutally murdered. The principle of fairness just fit in the civil world. In the wilderness, the only principle was “the law of the tooth”. Rules of human society had no place to stand. “In this dangerous environment of the north, animals that follow theso-called civilization and morality are fool and will be killed quickly. And then the cruelty of life made him realize that the world was not fair. Who lost the battle, who lost his life. He learned the skills of various evil quickly by which he could achieve his aims by any means” (Lai, 2005:110). He began to steal food, which also marked the degradation and disintegration of his moral nature. His character corrupted more and more, and he could do any thing in order to gain his ends. He completely turned into a brutal, savage beast.“Living in the dog team, Buck did not want to be patient for a long time under another man’s domination. When he was beat by the man in red, he already realized the importance of power. Since then, he never forgot the desire to win the leadership of Spitz. After full deliberation and preparation, he killed Spitz in the battle, and finally captured the leader position” (Chen, 2009:71)2.4.3 The call of the wild“The law of club” and “the law of tooth” were the most important rules Buck had learned in the primitive world. He realized that only one who was strong enough to fit the cruel environment can survive and power must be obeyed in the primitive world. After Buck was sold to three entirely lay people on driving sled, he was almost killed when he met his benefactor, Thornton. Under the meticulous care of Thornton, Buck quickly refreshed himself, and established a solid friendship with Thornton. Meanwhile, Buck came to understand love for the first time. The time Buck spent with Thornton was so fabulous in his mind that Buck felt he had someone to rely on, and they both loved each other. However, after Thornton was killed by the local Indians in the process of gold rush, for which Buck killed several Indians to avenge. Buck was on his own once again. But he did not give up his life. In the call of the wild, he joined the company of wolves, and later became the leader of the wolves.In the process of getting out of the comfort of Mr. Millers’ home and returning to the barbaric primitive forest, Buck experiences the changes from enjoying thecomfortable life in the beginning to entering the harsh realities in which he understands “the law of the club and tooth”, and realizes the t ruth of “survival of the fittest”. Facing the harsh reality, he has to give up the idea of civil society, and takes all means to survive. After his benefactor’s death, he is being further separated from the civilized society and finally responds to the call of the wild, returning to the group of wolfs. To live in nature means living like a beast. In this process, Buck adapts himself to the changing environment and thinking for the sake of survival by accepting the thoughts of survival of the fittest. These changes in thinking exactly reflected the survival of the fittest ideology.As the environment changed, Buck, compared to the previous Judge Millers’ family dog, enhanced a lot in thoughts and abilities. He tried his best to live, and was gradually adapted to the cruel primitive world. His efforts during the process of adapting to the environment fully reflect the survival of the fittest ideas.Chapter Three ConclusionAmerican literature in the twentieth-century was explosive and complex. Jack London is one of the representatives in that period. He had brought a fresh wild blood to the American literature in the twentieth century. London was born in the bottom of the society, so he had experienced poverty from childhood and relied entirely on his own to become a famous writer. Therefore, he could realize the views of survival of the fittest in his deep heart which he expresses in his works.“His writing style was crazy and energetic, strong and crude. His works were mostly ‘the stor ies of the North’ in which he advocated the social principle of “the law of the jungle” and “survival of the fittest”." (Zhao, Cheng: 74-75)The first time Jack London had contacted with the thought of survival of the fittest was after he had finished Charles Darwi n’s Origin of Species. However, Jack London affected by the Darwin’s thoughts was largely implemented through Spencer's work. In the study, Darwin found that the process of evolution is a series of adaptation while Spencer applied the theory to society.“He said ‘For the natural selection or the result of the struggle, to survive is to keep a good race, which Mr. Darwin had said, I inclined to use a mechanical terminology to express what is ‘survival of the fittest’’.” (Li, 2004: 90-92)The Call of the Wild is the best work of Jack London to reflect the survival of the fittest idea. In the aspect of thoughts, the hero Buck had learned his first lesson in the primitive—“the law of the club” after the red man hit him with a club. The main feature of this principle is that the power is the truth by which the force is definitely natural. Only force could overcome the incompetence and brutality. The man in red with a club held the relationship of brutality between the men and the dogs, but Buckrealized that this kind of cruel rule also existed among dogs after he experienced the suffering of Curly. Brutality and violence had replaced amicable friendship and peaceful coexistence, in which animals that were incapable of self-defense would brutally murdered. The principle of fairness and justice only suit the civil society, while in the wilderness, the only principle is the “law of club and tooth”. There is no place for human civilization to live in such a brutal wild. In the aspect of abilities, he learned to steal food to fill his belly, to cut the ice by his feet to quench his thirst and learned how to fight like a wolf, how to sled, how to dig holes to sleep in the snow. In order to adapt to the environment changing, his visual, olfactory and auditory sense had extremely developed. The growth of his abilities provides a protection for him to adapt to the cruel environment better.However, in the deep heart, London makes a reflection of the real human life through Buck's life. He treats animals like human beings and human beings are just like animals, recognizing no essential difference between man and animal. London used “he” to refer to Buck, because of which the characters should not be perceived only as dogs but as emblems of human characters. In the human’s world, there are powerful people like Buck who master the world with both the qualities of constant hardworking and endless progressing; and some other good-natured, weak people like the Curly whose weakness would eventually lead them to a tragic end; and dedicated people like David and Sol-leks who never cared about things that have nothing to do with them; and also people like Billy and Joe who have totally opposite characters whether sophisticated as smooth or stubborn till the end, and the way they deal with things will be completely different. From these different features we can see, London did not reflected the realities by mechanical representation or imagining out of thin air, but had depicted these life-like dogs by highly summarizing and deep extracting following the objective law of life. And the characteristic and fate of the characters in his works are the true reflections of various people in real life.Therefore, the “survival of the fittest” ideology reflected in the Call of the Wild is also a reflection of the living rules in which people had to adapt the cruel environment to survive, or died because of inadaptation in the reality of 1890s’。
有关野性的呼唤的英语作文
有关野性的呼唤的英语作文The call of the wild is something that stirs deepwithin our souls, awakening a primal instinct that has long been buried under the trappings of civilization. It's a raw, untamed force that beckons us to leave behind the comfortsof modern life and embrace the rugged, unforgiving beautyof the natural world.There's a wildness in the air, a sense of freedom and possibility that can't be found within the confines of four walls and a roof. It's the call of the open road, the rushof wind in your hair, and the thrill of not knowing whatlies around the next bend. It's a reminder that we are not meant to be caged, but to roam and explore, to feel theearth beneath our feet and the sun on our skin.The call of the wild is a siren song that lures us away from the mundane and into the unknown. It's the whisper of adventure, the promise of discovery, and the invitation to step off the beaten path and forge our own way through theuntamed wilderness. It's a reminder that there is more to life than the daily grind, and that true freedom can only be found in the wild places of the world.In the wild, there are no rules, no boundaries, and no limits to what we can achieve. It's a place where we can test our limits, push our boundaries, and discover what we are truly capable of. It's a call to embrace our wild nature, to unleash our inner strength, and to live with the fierce, untamed spirit of a creature unbound by convention or constraint.The call of the wild is a reminder that we are part of something greater than ourselves, a vast and untamed world that is waiting to be explored. It's a beckoning to leave behind the trappings of modern life and immerse ourselves in the raw, unbridled beauty of nature. It's a call to reconnect with our primal instincts, to rediscover our place in the natural order, and to embrace the wildnessthat lies within us all.。
推荐野性的呼唤英文作文80词
推荐野性的呼唤英文作文80词英文回答：The Call of the Wild is a story of a domesticated dog named Buck who is stolen from his home in California and sold to gold seekers in the Yukon. Buck is forced to adapt to the harsh conditions of the Klondike and learns to survive in the wild. He becomes a leader of a team of sled dogs and experiences both the beauty and the brutality of nature. In the end, Buck decides to remain in the wild, answering the call of his true nature.Jack London's The Call of the Wild is a classic adventure story that has been enjoyed by readers of all ages for over a century. The story is full of vivid descriptions of the Yukon wilderness and the challenges that Buck faces. London also explores the themes of nature versus civilization and the power of the wild.中文回答：《野性的呼唤》讲述了一只名叫巴克的家养狗的故事，巴克被从加州的家园偷走，并被卖给了育空地区的淘金者。
野性的呼唤英文作文
野性的呼唤英文作文The call of the wild is something that stirs deepwithin our souls, a primal instinct that connects us to the untamed forces of nature.There's a raw, untamed energy in the wild that can't be found anywhere else. It's a feeling of freedom and exhilaration that can't be replicated in the confines of civilization.The wild calls to us in the howl of the wind, the roar of the ocean, and the rustle of leaves in the forest. It's a symphony of sounds that speaks to something ancient and wild within us.In the wild, there are no boundaries, no limits, no rules. It's a place where we can shed the constraints of society and embrace our true, unbridled selves.The call of the wild is a reminder that we are part ofsomething greater than ourselves, a vast and untamed world that existed long before we did and will continue to exist long after we're gone.In the wild, we can find solitude and solace, a placeto escape the noise and distractions of modern life and reconnect with our primal instincts.The call of the wild is a beckoning to explore, to discover, to seek out new adventures and experiences that can't be found within the confines of our comfort zones.In the wild, we can find a sense of awe and wonder that is often lost in the hustle and bustle of everyday life.It's a place where we can be humbled by the vastness and beauty of the natural world.The call of the wild is a reminder that we are part ofa delicate and interconnected ecosystem, and that ouractions have a profound impact on the world around us.In the wild, we can find a sense of purpose and meaning,a place where we can truly feel alive and in tune with the rhythms of nature.The call of the wild is a primal, instinctual urge that draws us back to our roots, reminding us of our place in the natural world and the importance of preserving it for future generations.。
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Study on the Causes of Buck’s Returning the Wild摘要：本文运用马克思主义辩证关系原理，科学地探索了巴克回归自然的内因和外因，并对人类进行了深刻的反思。
淘金热是巴克转变的一个间接原因，也是一个大背景。
巴克凭着先天优势在残酷的不断变化的环境中，学得了重要的生存法则，即“适者生存”。
由此发现，虽然外部环境在不断变化，但巴克凭着自己的能力掌握规律，以另一种方式生存。
这表明外因在一定程度上影响了事物的发展，而事物的发展是由内因决定的。
关键字：内因;外因；生存法则；适应能力。
Abstract: On the basis of Marxist dialectic, this passage makes a study on the internal and external causes of buck’s returning to the wild, and makes a reflection of human beings as well. Prevailing phenomenon of seeking gold is an indirect cause as well as a big backdrop of the time. Buck, learning against his superior advantages, learned a critical law of existence, that is, survival of the fittest. In this sense, in spite of the various environments, Buck mastered the law against his own adaptability and led a different way of life. That indicates the external causes have an effect on the development of things, while it is the internal cause that decides the final implementation of things.Key words: external causes; internal causes; law of existence; adaptability1.Introduction:The call of the wild, one of the representative works, written by Jack London, reveal many realities and truths that deserve ponder and study. On the ground of Marxist dialectic, we choose to the causes, internal and external, that push Buck to return to the wild. Any implementation of phenomenon is formed by the combined effect of internal and external causes, thus, to know the process and results of development in things, finding out the reasons is necessary. At the same time, thoughts should not be confined in things themselves, but touch the lessons and experience hiding in the development of things, that is, in the call of the wild, we should see the illumination from Buck’s shift of life, and make self-reflection. In this sense, reflection on human beings being the third part of this passage, apart from external causes and internal causes.2.External Causes2.1 The Found of Yellow MetalIt is a direct reason that leads to Buck´s hardship. It is the found of gold that increase the demand for dogs of strong muscle and long hair, which can according make them pull sled protect them from frost. Also it is the found that offers Manuel, one of the gardener´s helpers an opportunity to reduce his debt, that is to sell Buck. Buck was betrayed and forced to begin his shift of life.2.2.The Big Contrast in Living ConditionsBuck had lived the sun-kissed santé clara valley，where was beautiful and peaceful. “It stood back from the road, half-hidden among the trees, through which glimpses could be caught of the wide cool veranda that ran round its four sides. The house was approached by graveled drive ways which wound about through wide spreading lawns and under the interlacing boughs of tall poplars. Atthe rear things were on even a more spacious scale than at the front.” .“T here were great stables, where a dozen grooms and boys held forth, rows of vine-clad servants’ cottages, an endless and orderly array of outhouses , long grape arbors, green pastures, orchards, and berry patches.”And there he got well along with people, especially his little masters. “He plunged into the swimming tank or went hunting with the Judge’s sons; he escorted Mollie and Alice, the Judge’s daughters, on long twilight or early morning rambles; on wintry nights he lay at the Judge’s feet before the roaring library fire; he carried the Judge’s grandsons on his back, or rolled them in the grass, and guarded their footsteps through wild adventures down to the fountain in the stable yard, and even beyond, where the paddocks were, and the berry patches.”Besides, he enjoyed a fine pride there, “Among the terriers, he stacked imperiously, and Toots, and Ysabel he utterly ignored for he was king-----king over all creeping, crawling, flying things of Judge Miller’s place, humans included.”But after his leaving, he never enjoyed the happiness dignity as well as pride in high position. The snow-covered world was crude, chilly, and miserable, and Buck, as equally as other dogs, had to confronted that, and bore the pain of fresh and spirit that was beyond imagination.“Once the sled broke through , with Dave and Buck, and were half-frozen and all but drowned by the time they were dragged out. The usual fire was necessary to save them. They were coated solidly with ice, and the two men kept them on the run around the fire, sweating and thawing, so close that they were singed by the flames.”Not only did torture him, but also, worse, the merciless humankind who offered no adequate food, while drove the dogs to continuously proceed for miles and miles. At best, like Francois, who rubbed Buck’s soft feet and make moccasins for Buck. At least, like Mercede, who plus the weight of the sled without considering the dogs.“Again Hal’s whip fell upon the dogs. They threw themselves against the breastbands, dug their feet into the packed snow, got down low to it, and put forth all their strength. The sled held as thought it were an anchor. After two efforts, they stood still, panting. The whip was wrestling savagely.”Furthermore Buck had to cope with the clashes occurred among huskies or between them and the invaders against their weak condition. As time went by death was not the acquaintance. “Buck staggered over against the sled, exhausted, sobbing for breath, helpless. This was Spitz’s opportunity. He sprang upon Buck, and twice his teeth sank into his unresisting foe and ripped and tore the flesh to the bone.” All the said facts gradually dig Buck’s nature out, and make him a beast step by step.2.3 The Death of ThorntonThe Death of Thornton is the most direct reason of Buck’s backing to the wild. Thornton saved buck, and buck was more than grateful for him, but loved him. Buck was content to adore at a distance. He would lie by the hour, eager, alert, at Thornton’s feet, looking up to his face, upon it studying it, following with keenest interest each fleeting expression, every moment or change of feature. Or, as chance might have it, he would lie farther away, to the side or rear, watching theoutlines of the man and the occasional movements of his body. Thornton was the very master in his ideal. And it was Buck’s love for Thornton that left the wild suspended. despite his beast impulse was in summit. “ But as often as he gained the soft unbroken earth and the green shade, the love for John Thornton drew him back to the fire again.”“Thornton alone held him. The rest of mankind was as nothing.” Therefore, when Thornton died, Buck despaired to death, and entered into the wild without any nostalgia.3．Internal Causes3.1. The Strain of BuckBuck’s ancestors were wolves，known as fierce savage and crude，while in Buck’s gene，those features had been hid since his ancestors were trained by human beings. At the beginning，not only did he hatred men，but trust in them。