英语语法术语中英文对照

词性 part of speech16)动态动词 event verb17)静态动词 stage verb1.名词 noun3.形容词 adjective proper noun1)专有名词4.2)普通名词 common noun副词 adverb1)方式副词3)可数名词 countable noun adverb of manner2)程度副词 adverb of degree4)不可数名词 uncountable noun3)时间副词 abstract noun adverb of time5)抽象名词4)具体名词 concrete noun地点副词 adverb of place6)5)修饰性副词7)物质名词 material noun adjunct6)连接性副词8)集体名词 collective nounconjunct7)疑问副词 interrogative adverb individual noun9)个体名词8)关系副词 relative adverb动词2. verb5.代词 pronoun transitive verb1)及物动词1)人称代词2)不及物动词 intransitive verb personal pronoun2)物主代词 finite verb form3)限定动词 possessive pronoun3)非限定动词4) non-finite verb form名词性物主代词 nominal possessivepronoun main verb5)主动词4)形容词性物主代系动词6) link verb 词 adjectivalpossessive pronoun7)助动词 auxiliary verb5)情态动词8) modal verb反身代词reflexive pronoun6)指示代词 regular verb规则动词9) demonstrative pronoun7)疑问代词 interrogative pronoun不规则动词10) irregular verb8) phrasal verb短语动词关系代词 relative pronoun11)9) finite verb限定动词不定代词 indefinite pronoun12)6.13) infinite verb非限定动词冠词 article1)14)causative verb使役动词定冠词 definite articleindefinite article不定冠词2)verb of senses感官动词15)．7.数词 numeral8.介词 preposition9.基数词 cardinal numeral连词 conjunction1)10.感叹词 exclamation2)序数词ordinal numeralnumber/case/gender格//性一、数3.性 gender1.数 number1)阴性 feminine1)单数形式 singular form2)2)阳性 masculine复数形式 plural form3)中性neuter3)规则形式 regular form4)通性 common irregular form4)不规则形式4.人称 person格2. case1)第一人称 first person1)普通格 common case2)2)所有格 possessive case第二人称 second person3)第三人称 third person nominative case3)主格宾格4) objective case二、句子成分 members of sentences5)同源宾语 cognate object主语1. subject5. predicate谓语定语 attribute 2.6.3.状语表语 predicative adverbial7.4.宾语同位语 appositive object8.双宾语1)补语 dual object complement1)2)主语补足语 direct object直接宾语 subject complement2)3)宾语补足语 object complement间接宾语 indirect object4)复合宾语 complex object三、句子 sentence （基本句型 basic sentence pattern）compound sentence并列句2. simple sentence简单句1.3.复合句 complex sentence4)反义疑问句 disjunctive question5)附加疑问句复合句 compound complextag question4.并列6)修辞疑问句 rhetorical question sentence7)5.感叹疑问句declarative sentence exclamatory question陈述句8.6.存在句 existential sentence 肯定句 positive sentence9.否定句 negative sentence7.疑问句 interrogative sentence10.祈使句 imperative sentence general question1)一般疑问句11.省略句 elliptical sentence特殊疑问句2) special question12.3)感叹句alternative question exclamatory sentence选择疑问句四、语气/语态语序 mood/voice/order/ii.部分倒装 partial inversion 1.语气 mood3)直接引语 direct speech indicative mood1)陈述语气4)间接引语 indirect speech祈使语气2) imperative mood5)自由直接引语 free direct speech3)虚拟语气 subjunctive mood6)语态2. voice自由间接引语 free indirect speech5. active voice主动语态一致 agreement1)1)主谓被动语态 passive voice一致 subject-predicate2)agreement3.否定 negation2)语法一致 grammatical agreement否定范围1) scope of negation3) full negation 全部否定概念一致 notional agreement2)4)3) partial negation局部否定就近原则principle of proximity5)4)转移否定强调 emphasis shift of negation6)语序 4. order重复 repetition6.1)自然语序语音 natural order pronunciation1)2) inversion倒装语序语调 tonerising tone声调2) full inversion全部倒装i.3)降调 falling tone12)层次 rank13)句子4)升降调 falling-rising tone sentence14)从句 clause7.文本 style15)词组 formal phrase1)正式文本9.非正式文本 informal词类 part of speech2)1)单词3)口语 spoken/oral English word2)实词套语4) formulistic expression notional word3)虚词 structural word5)英国英语 British English4)单纯词 simple word6)美国英语 American English5)派生词 derivative usage8.用法6)复合词 compound感情色彩1) emotional coloring10.句法关系 syntactic relationship commendatory2)褒义并列 coordinate3)贬义 derogatory1)从属 humorous4)幽默 subordination2)sarcastic modification修饰3)讽刺5)6) pre-modification4) ironic挖苦前置修饰 post-modification词性7) part of speech后置修饰5) restriction限制 grammar8)语法6) syntax双重限制double-restriction7)句法9)10) non-restriction morphology词法8)非限制11) structure结构五、从句 clause subordinate clause1.从属句 predicative clause表语从句2) coordinate clause并列句2.宾语从句 object clause3)名词性从句3.同位语从句 nominal clause appositive clause4) attributive clause定语从句 4. subject clause主语从句1)．5.宾语从句 object clause purpose8)条件状语从句 adverbial clause of6.主语从句 subject clausecondition同位语从句 appositive clause7.i.真实条件状语从句 adverbial8.状语从句 adverbial clauseclause of real condition时间状语从句 adverbial clause of1)ii.非真实条件状语time从句adverbial clause of unreal 2)地点状语从句 adverbial clause ofcondition placeiii.方式状语从句3) adverbial clause of含蓄条件句 adverbial clauseof implied condition manneriv.错综条件句 adverbial clause 4)让步状语从句 adverbial clause ofof mixed conditionconcession9) adverbial clause of比较状语从句 adverbial clause of原因状语从句5)comparisoncauseadverbial clause of结果状语从句6)result adverbial clause of 7)目的状语从句六、时态 tense2)现在时1. present tense过去进行时 past continuous tense3)过去完成时1)一般现在时 present simple tense past perfect tense4)continuous 现在进行时2) present tense过去完成进行时 past perfectcontinuous tense present perfect tense现在完成时3)3.perfect将来时 future tense present 时进成完现4)在行1)一般将来时 future simple tense continuous tense2) past tense过去时 2.将来进行时 future continuous tensefuture perfect tense将来完成时3) past simple tense一般过去时1)．4)将来完成进行时 future perfectcontinuous tense4.其他1)一般过去将来时 past future tense2)过去将来进行时 past futurecontinuous tense3)过去将来完成时 past future perfecttense4)过去将来完成进行时 past futureperfect continuous tense。