八年级英语上册第一单元知识点总结

1. on vacati on 度假

vacation意为“假期、假日”，相当于holiday，但vacation表示长的假期。如：the long vacati on 长彳假the summer vacati on 暑假

the Christmas vacatio n 圣诞假期

而holiday （尤其美国）指“假日；休息日；休假”。

on vacati on 二 on holiday 意为“度假”

2. anything interesting 一些有趣东西

1）somethi ng, any thi ng, no thi ng, everythi ng 是指物的不定代词。somebody, some one an ybody，anyone, n obody，everybody, every one 是指人的不定代词。somewhere, any where, no where, everywhere 是指地点不定代词。

2）当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时，放在这些词

的后面；

3）这些不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：

Is everybody here?大家都到齐了吗？

4）somethi ng, somebody, some one somewhere用于肯定句及表示请求或建议的疑问句中，而any thi ng, an ybody, anyone, any where用于否定句及疑问句中。如：Did you do an ythi ng in terest in g?你做了有趣的事吗？（表疑问）

Why don 'you visit someone with me?你为什么不跟我一起去拜访下某个人呢？（表建议）

含some■的一般用于肯定句，也用于表示请求邀请的疑问句或预计是肯定回答的疑问

句。

I have somethi ng to ask you. 我有事情要问你。

Are you expect ing some one this after noon? 今天下午你是不是等什么人？no one 与none

no one只能指人，且不能与of搭配，no one做主语时，只能是单数。

none为不定代词，意为什么也没有”，既可指人，也可指物，none在句中不能单独作主语，但可同of连用带名词一起作主语，做主语时谓语用单复数都可。

考例：They were all very tired, but ______ of them took a rest.

A. none

B. all

C. both

D. either

其它复合不定代词可单独作主语，但不能同of连用。

错：He is new here, so none knows him.

对：He is new here, so no one knows him.

错：Nobody of them has been to England before.

对：None of them has been to England before.

3. buy sth. for sb.或buy sb. sth

如: My parents often buy some books for me. = My parents often buy me some books. 我父母经常给我买书。

4. 提建议的句子：

①What/ how about +doing sth.? 女口：What/ How about going shopping?

②Why don' t you +do sth.?如：Why don' t you go shopping?

③Why not + do sth. ? 如口：Why not go shopping?

④ L et ' sdo sth. ⑤ S hall we/ I + do sth.? 5. long time no see 好久不见 6. quite a few 相当多 a few 与a little 的区别， 如: 如： Let ' s go shopping Shall we/ I go shopp ing? few 与 little 的区别 ⑴a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 女口： He has a few friends.他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里有一些糖。 ⑵few 少数的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的修饰不可数名词但两者都表否定意义 女口： He has few friends.他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle 在瓶子里没有多少糖。

7. most of … 的大多数 女口： most of the time 大多数时间 8. Still no one seemed to be bored 仍然没有人感到烦闷。

1） seem 意为“好像；似乎；看来”

seem to do sth.好像做某事 女口： 话。 seem （to be ） +adj.似乎 . 如: 病了。 It seems that + 从句 似乎 ... 如: 乎病了。 两者都表肯定意义 ，是个连系动词，构成的短语有： They seem to talk in class.他们似乎上课说 He seemed ( to be) ill yesterday .昨天他似乎 It seems that he was ill yesterday.昨天他似 2） bored 作形容词，意为“烦闷的；厌倦的”其主语是某人； 而boring 也是形 容词，其主语是某物。女口： My pare nts ask me to do homework all day. I feel bored 我 父母整天叫我做作业， 我感到很厌倦。

Doi ng homework all day is a little bori ng. 整天做作业有点无聊。 相类似的词语还

有： in terested adj.感兴趣的 surprised adj.感至『惊奇的 tired 累的 excited 兴奋的 amazed 惊讶的

9. 辨析： 牢记：

in teresti ng adj.有趣的 surpris ing adj.惊奇的 令人疲惫的 tiri ng exciting 令人兴奋/激动的 amaz ing 令人惊讶的 get to/reach/arrive 相同点：都是“到达“的意思 不同点：get to+地点 /reach+地点 arrive at+小地点（车站等）/arrive in+大地点（国家等） 注意：若他们后面要加地点副词 here, there, home 等，则不需要加介词。 arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点 到达某地

当我们用介词at 时，通常把后面所接的地方看成一个点，而当用 in 时，则把后面所 接地方看成是一个面（大范围的面）。所以arrive at 后面一般接：station, airport,

dest in ation等表示小范围的地点。例如：

We arrived at the Shanghai Railway Station at 11:00 pm last night.

Whe n we arrived at Wuha n Airport, it's mid night.

arrive in后面一般接国家，大城市之类表示大范围的地点。例如：

Whe n did you arrive in Beiji ng? It was the cold seas on whe n I arrived in Germa ny. 10. enjoy doing sth .喜欢做…乐意做…如: She enjoys playing football.她喜欢踢足球。

enjoy on eself 过得愉快女口：He enjoyed himself.他过得很愉快。

跟它意思相近的词组还有have a good \ great time , have （great） fun

11. decide意为“决定”，是动词。它的名词形式为decision。构成的短语有：

decide to do sth. decide on doing sth. make a decisi on to do sth.决定做某事决定不要做某事，要用decide not to do sth。

如：Li Lei has decided to go to Beijing .李雷已经决定去北京。

12. no th in g...but...意为“除之外；只有”，如:

I have nothi ng to do but watch TV all day long.我整天除了看电视什么也没干。

13 . feel like意为：“有什么感觉；感受到”，后跟宾语从句。另外，构成短语feel like doing sth.意为“想做某事”。如：

I felt like I was a bird.我感觉我是一只鸟。I feel like eating.我想吃东西。

14. because of , becaus e

I because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语女口：I had to move because of my job.

* 因为工作原因我得搬家。

because +从句女如：I do it because I like it.我做这件事是因为我喜欢。

15. below意为“在... 下面”,其反义词为above,意为“在...... 上面”

16. bring sth.to +地点，意为“带来”，其反义词是take。如：Please bring your book to our school.请把你的书带到我们学校来。Please take your book to your school.请把你的书带到你学校去。

17. e nough 足够

，形容词+ enough 女口：beautiful enough 足够漂亮

'enough+名词女口：enough food足够食物

en ough to 足够…去做…

女口：I have eno ugh money to go to Beiji ng.我有足够的钱去北京。

She is old en ough to go to school.她够大去读书了。

18. so…that如此…以致于

引导结果状语从句，so后面接形容词、副词.that后面跟从句。

女口：She was so sad that she couldn ' t say a她悲伤得一句话也说不出来。19. taste good尝起来很好吃。taste系动词用法“尝起来”后+形容词。其他表示状态

的系动词有：feel （觉得）keep（保持）stay （保持）seem（好像）look （看来像.. ）smell （闻起来）sou nd （听起来）taste （尝起来）

系动词与形容词连用

I feel sick。我感到难受。Keep quiet, please 请安静下来！The weather stays very hot 天气非常热。He seems very cleve r 他好像很聪明。