Cancer hospital还是tumor hospital
医院英文怎么读声音
医院英文怎么读声音医院的英文为hospital，其英式读音为[ˈhɒspɪtl]，美式读音为[ˈhɑːspɪtl]。
hospital作为名词，是可数名词，中文翻译为“医院”，其复数形式是直接加s，即hospitals，在英国英语中，去医院看病或住院诊治用to hospital或in hospital。
hospital的基本含义及双语例句hospital作为可数名词，意为医院。
例句有：1、He had to go to hospital for treatment.他不得不去医院接受治疗。
2、The injured were rushed to (the) hospital in an ambulance. 救护车把伤员火速送往医院。
3、There is an urgent need for more hospital beds.医院床位急需增加。
4、She spent two weeks in hospital.她住院两周。
5、She spent two weeks in the hospital.她住院两周。
6、I have to go to hospital for an operation.我得去医院动手术。
7、Her friends from work came to see her in the hospital.她工作单位的朋友来医院看望她。
8、Some hospital patients experience high levels of anxiety.有些住院病人十分焦虑不安。
9、He worked in a hospital for ten years nursing cancer patients. 他在一所医院里工作了十年，护理癌症病人。
10、I do some voluntary work at the local hospital.我在当地医院从事一些义务性工作。
hospital english医院常用词汇
医院常用词汇general hospital综合医院children hospital儿童医院tumour hospital肿瘤医院chest hospital 胸科医院field hospital野战医院isolation hospital隔离医院military hospital陆军医院municipal hospital市立医院maternity hospital产科医院mental hospital精神医院infectious hospital传染医院leprosy hospital麻风医院affiliated hospital附属医院training hospital教学医院out-patient department门诊部In-patient department住院部Department of physiotherapy理疗科Department of plastic surgery矫形外科Department of cerebral surgery脑外科Department of thoracic surgery胸外科electrotherapy room电疗科Reception room, waiting room侯诊室Department of cardiac surgery心脏外科Department of psychiatry精神科Department of orthopacdic surgery矫形外科Department of ophtalmology眼科Department of pathology病理科Department of stomatology口腔科E.N.T.department耳鼻喉科Department of orthopedic骨科Department of urology泌尿科Department of endocrinology内分泌科Department of traumatology创伤科Department of dermatology皮肤科Department of anesthesiology麻醉科Department of infectious diseases传染病科heliotherapy room光疗科wax-therapy room蜡疗科Nursing department护理部Admission office住院处Discharge office 出院处Registration office挂号处Consultation room诊察室hydrotherapy room水疗科Isolation room隔离室central laboratory中心实验室Labour room待产室clinical labororatory临床实验室Delivery room分娩室bacteriological labororatory细菌实验室Emergency room急诊室biochemical labororatory生化实验室Ward病房室serological labororatory血清实验室Pharmacy dispensary药房X-ray roomX光室Nutrition department营养部doctor’s office医生办公室Diet- preparation department配膳室nurse”s office护士办公室Therapeutic department治疗室director of the hospital院长Operating room手术室head of the nursing department护理部主任Blood-bank血站attending doctor主治医师Supply-room供应室resident doctor住院医师Disinfection-room消毒室intern doctor实习医师Dressing room 换药室chief physician主任医师Mortuary太平间associate chief physician副主任医师Record room病案室physician内科医师Department of internal medicine内科urological surgeon泌尿外科医师Department of surgery外科neurosurgeon神经外科医师Department of pediatrics儿科plastic surgeon矫形外科医师Department of obstetrics and gynecology妇科anestheist麻醉科耳医师Department of neurology神经科E.N.T.doctor耳鼻喉科医师Ophthalmolgist眼科医师Dentist牙科医师Dermatologist皮肤科医师Doctor for tuberculosis结核科医师Physiotherapist理疗科Doctor for infectious diseases传染病科Dietician营养科医师Pediatrist儿科医师Obstetrician产科医师Midwife助产师Gynecologist妇科医师Orthopedist骨科医师Radiologist放射科医师Epidemiologist流行病医师Hygiemist卫生医师Pharmacist药剂医师Assistant pharmacist药剂医士X-ray techmicianX光技师Laboratory technician化验员Head nurse护士长Student nurse实习护士Assistant nurse卫生员Cleaner清洁员Controller总务科长Registrar挂号员Sanitation worker消毒员First visit初诊To attend the clinic复诊Out-call出诊Case history病历Sheet-for-case history病历袋Turnover of beds病床周转率Average of hospital stay平均住院日数Ward round查房Consultation会诊Medical certification诊断书Certification for leave of absence病假证明Application for laboratory examination化验申请单Application for X-ray examinationX光申请单Requisition for drugs领药单英文科室大全medical department; department of internal medicine：内科surgical department; department of surgery: 外科pediatrics department: 小儿科obstetrics and gynecology department: 妇产科ophthalmology department: 眼科dental department: 牙科ENT(ear-nose-throat)department: 耳鼻喉科urology department: 泌尿科dermatology department; skin department：皮肤科orthopedic surgery department: 矫形外科traumatology department: 创伤外科plastic surgery: 整形外科anesthesiology department: 麻醉科pathology department: 病理科cardiology department: 心脏病科psychiatry department: 精神病科orthopedics department: 骨科department of cardiac surgery: 心脏外科department of cerebral surgery: 胸外科neurology department: 神经科neurosurgery department: 神经外科thoracic surgery department: 脑外科department of traditional Chinese medicine：中医科X-ray department: 放射科registration office: 挂号处out-patient department: 门诊部in-patient department: 住院部nursing department: 护理部consulting room: 诊室waiting room: 候诊室emergency room: 急诊室admitting office: 住院处operation room: 手术室blood bank: 血库dispensary; pharmacy: 药房ward: 病房医疗用词医疗用词医疗用词医疗用词--------中英对照表中英对照表中英对照表中英对照表中文名称英文译文AAAA行政部Administration辅具中心Assistive Technology Center血管摄影室Angiographic Unit听性脑干反应检查室Auditory Brainstem Response听力检查室Audimetry空调机房Air Conditioning Facilities麻醉部Anesthesiology Dept.BBBB生理回馈治疗室Biofeed Back骨髓移植病房Bone Marrow Trawsplantation膀胱功能室Bladder Function Test佛堂Buddhist Chapel中药库Botanical Pharmacy神经医学科学中心Brain Center骨髓干细胞中心Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells Center HLA实验室Buddhist Tzu Chi Stem Cells ImmunogenticsCenter脑血管超音波室Brain Echo烫伤中心Burn CenterCCCC健康谘询室Counseling of Health毒务咨询室Counseling Room预防医学中心Center for Preventiv Services癌症医学中心Cancer Center心导管室Cardiac Catherization Room心功能检查室Cardiac Function Examination Room膀胱镜室Cystoscopy Room心脏内科Cardiology Dept.体外循环小组Cardiopulmonary Bypass Team高压氧治疗中心Ceuter Of Hypenbaruc Oxygen Therapy 化学治疗室Chemo Therapy胸腔内科Chest Medicine中医科Chinese Medicine中医内科Chinese Internal Medicine中医骨伤科Chinese Traumatology中医妇儿科Chinise Gynecology & Pediatrics中药局Chinese Medicine Pharmacy临床药学组Clinical Pharamcy中央监控室Central Control Room电脑机房Computer Facilities协调室Coordinate Room教学讨论室Classroom会议室Conference社区健康中心Community Health Center核心实验室Core-Laboratory腹膜透析室C.A.P.D RoomC.T.登记处C.T. Admission电脑断层摄影室CT Scan UnitDDDD社区医学部Department of Community Medicine身心医学日间照护Day Care日间照护Day Care更衣室Dressing Room医师值班室Doctor Duty Room产房Delivery Room药物谘询Drug Consultation药剂科Department of Pharmacy牙科Dentistry核医科Department Of Nuclear Medicine核医制药科Department Of RadiopharmaceuticalProduction运动医学影像科Division of Musculo-Skeletal system andSportmedicine泌尿科Department of Uroicgy肠胃内科Department of Gastroenterology皮肤科Dermatology糖尿病咨询中心Diabetes Consulting Center检验科血库组Division of Biood Bank检验科病毒室Division of Clinical Virology检验科生化组Division of Clinicial Biochemistry检验科血液组Division of Clinicial Hematology检验科血清免疫组Division of Clinicial Serology and Immunology 分子医学科Division of Molecular Medicine影像医学部Department of Radiology血液透析室Dialysis Room垃圾暂存区Disposal Area神经医学影像科Division of NeuroradiologyEEEE脑波室EEG Unit急诊部Emergency Dept.内分泌科Endocrinology Dept心电图室E.K.G.耳鼻喉科ENT Dept.排气机房Exhaust Generators机电空间Electricity and Machine Room电梯机房Elevator Facilities电气室Electrical Control Room肠造口室Enterospomy Therapy room震波碎石室Extracporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy FFFF透视摄影室Fluoroscopic Unit残障厕所For the Disabled家庭牙医科Family Dentistry家庭医学科Family MedicineGGGG贩卖部Gift Shop/Souvenirs一般内科General Medicine一般外科General SurgeryHHHH护理长办公室Head Nurse Office健康谘询室Health consultation心脏超音波Heart Echo血液肿瘤科Hematology and Oncology血液透析室Hemodialysis安宁居家疗护Hospice home careIIII感染控制小组Infection Control Team服务台Information门诊注射室Injection仪器室Instrument Room隔离病房Isolation Ward内科Internal Medicine妇产科不孕症Infertility Clinic不孕症谘询室Infertility Consultation Room不孕症研究室Iubertility CaboratoryLLLL肝病研究中心Liver Research Unit雷射屈光中心Laser Eye Center雷射手术室Laser Operation Room检验科Laboratory Medicine休息用餐区Lounge洗衣房Laundry康乐室Lounge美容中心Laser Medical CenterMMMM讨论室Meeting Room脐带血库Marrowstem Sells Centercordblood Bank内科检查室Medical Endoscopy and Ultrasound ExaminationRoom新陈代谢科Metabolism Dept.内科加护病房MICU医学美容中心Medical Cosmetic Center男值班室Men,s Duty Room乳房摄影室Mammographic Unit维修组Maintenance Room磁振造影扫描室MRI UnitNNNN小儿中重度病房Neonatal Observation Room NOR肾脏内科Nephrology神经科Neurology神经外科Neurosurgery新生儿科加护病房NICU核子医学科Nuclear Medicine婴儿室Nursery护理部Nursing Dept.护士值班室Nurse Duty Room护理站Nursing Station护理之家Nursing home营养谘询室Nutrition Consultation营养组Nutrition Service神经眼科Neuroophfhalmosqic Clinc营养治疗小组Nutrition Support TeamOOOO妇产科Obstetrics & Gynecology肿瘤科Oncology门诊护理站OPD injection room办公室Office开刀房Operating Room眼科Ophthalmology骨科Orthopedics门诊化学治疗中心Outpatient Department Chemoeherapy Center 眼部电气生理室Ocular Electrophysiology视网膜断层扫瞄室O.C.T. Room口腔病理诊断科Oral Pathology口腔鄂面外科Oral Maxillo-facial Surgery物理职能治疗室Occupational and Physical Therapy器官移植小组Organtransplant Transplantation TeamPPPP病理科Pathology疼痛治疗小组Pain ManagementPCA调剂室PCA Room小儿加护病房Pediatric Intensive Care Unit PICU小儿外科Pediatric Surgery小儿超音波室Pediatric Ultrasonoqraphy儿复中心Pediatric Rehabilitation Center儿童物理治疗室Pediatric Physical Therapy儿童职能治疗室Pediatrc Occupational Therapy小儿科Pediatrics小儿--心肺Pediatric Cardiopulmonary小儿--眼科Pediatric Ophthalmoiogy小儿--感染Pediatric Infectious Diseases小儿--心脏Pediatric Cardiology小儿--肠胃Pediatric Gastroenterology优生保健科Perinatal Genetics周边血管检查室Peripheral Vascular Examination Room 正子造影中心PET-Center西药局Pharmacy出院带药领药处Patient discharge medication pickup配药室Prescription Room整形外科Plastic Surgery恢复室Post-operation Room身心医学科Psychiatry肺功能检查Pulmonary Function Test儿童牙科Pediatric Dentistry牙周病科Periodontics准备室Prepare Room石膏室Plaster Room胸腔内科Pulmonary MedicineRRRR放射肿瘤科Radiation Oncology放射线科Radiology转诊转检服务中心Refer Center肾脏超音波Renal Echo资源回收室Recycling Room复健科Rehabilitation Medicine复健科治疗室Rehabilitation Therapy肝病研究中心Research Center For Hepatology呼吸治疗科Respiratory Therapy风湿免疫科Rheumatology,Immunilogy Dept.SSSS感染科Section of Infectious Diseases社会服务室Social Work污物室Soiled Linens Room库房Storehouse次护理站Substation检体收发室Specimen Collection中央供应中心Supplies Center外科加护病房Surgical ICUTTTT心脏胸腔外科Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery胸腔外科Thoracic Surgery治疗室Treatment RoomTPN调剂室TPN RoomUUUUUDD药局Unit dose drug distribution Phamacy超音波室Ultrasound Unit采尿室Urine Collection Room尿动力检查室Urokinetic Exam. Room泌尿超音波Urology Echo泌尿枓检查室Urodynamic StudyVVVV排尿障碍治疗中心V oiding Dysfunction Therapeutic Center 志工服务柜台V olunteer Service(Counter)视野检查室Visual Field Examiantion真空泵浦室Vacuum Pump Room血管功能检查室Vascular Function Test超音波室Vrological SonagraphyXXXXX光室X-ray Room Unit。
医院常用英语 中英对照
急诊室Emergency Room医院Hospital内科病房Medical Ward外科病房Surgical Ward儿科病房Pediatric Ward接生房Labor and Delivery手术室Operation Room (OR)心脏重症室Coronary Care Unit (CCU)重症室Intensive Care Unit (ICU)内科重症室Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU)初生婴儿重症室Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)儿科重症室Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU)外科重症室Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU)末期护理Hospice 末期病患者照料居家健康服务Home Health Service 药疗、物理治疗等化验所Laboratory 进行化验研究门诊手术中心Outpatient Surgical Center 一般非严重性手术药房Pharmacy 药物、医疗用品Health Care Provider 医疗服务Physician 医生Acupuncture 针灸Allergy and Immunology 过敏性专科Anesthesiology 麻醉科Cardiology 心脏科Cardio-Thoracic Surgery 心胸外科Chiropractic 脊椎神经科Colorectal Surgery 结肠直肠外科Dentistry 牙科Dermatology 皮肤科Endocrinology 内分泌科Family Practice 家庭科Gastroenterology 肠胃科General Practice 普通全科General Surgery 普通外科Geriatrics 老人病专科Hematology 血液科Hepatology 肝病专科Infectious Disease 传染病科Internal Medicine 内科Nephrology 肾脏科Neurology 神经科Neurosurgery 神经外科Obstetrics-Gynecology 妇产科Oncology 癌症专科Ophthalmology 眼科Optometry 验光科Orthopedic Surgery 骨外科Osteopathy 整骨疗科Otolaryngology (ENT) 耳鼻喉科Pathology 病理科Pediatrics 小儿科Plastic surgery 整形外科Podiatry 足科Psychiatry 精神治疗科Physiatrics 物理疗法Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 物理疗法及恢复正常生活护理Pulmonary Medicine 肺科Radiation Oncology 癌症放射疗科Radiology Ｘ光科Urology 泌尿科Vascular Surgery 血管外科Other Health Care Professionals 其它医疗专业人员Audiologist 听觉学专家Dental Assistant 牙医助理Dietitian 饮食指导员Genetic Counselor 遗传病辅导员Health Technician 健康技员Laboratory Technician 化验技员Medical Assistant 医务助理Medical Technologist 医学技师Nurse 护士Home Visiting Nurse 家访护士Nurse Midwife 接生护士Nutritionist 营养专家Pharmacist 药剂师Pharmacologist 药理学专家Physical Therapist 物理治疗员Physician's Assistant 医生助手Psychologist 心理学专家Psychologic Counselor 心理辅导员Respiratory Therapist 呼吸治疗员X-Ray Technician Ｘ光科技员各种常见疾病的表达法中英对照头痛headache感冒cold咳嗽cough肺炎pneumonia肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis膀胱炎cystitis急性胃炎acute gastritis胃炎gastritis气管炎trachitis支气管炎bronchitis阑尾炎 appendicitis胃肠炎gastroenteritis乳腺炎mastitis肿瘤tumor癌症cancer禽流感bird flu/avian influenza非典SARS(Severe Acute Respiratary Syndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 流感influenza白内障 cataract狂犬病rabies中风stroke冠心病 coronary heart disease糖尿病diabetes肺癌 lung cancer肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis肝硬化hepatocirrhosis慢性病chronic肺气肿emphysema胃癌cancer of stomach胃病stomach trouble心脏病heart disease发烧fever医学英语词汇常用语过敏 Allergy健康诊断 Gernral Check-upPhysical Examination检查 Examination入院 Admission to Hospotial退院 Discharge from Hospital症状 Symptom营养 Nutrition病例 Clinical History诊断 Diagnosis治疗 Treatment预防 Prevention呼吸 RESPiration便通 Bowel Movement便 Stool血液 Blood脉搏 Pulse, Pulsation尿 Urine脉搏数 Pulse Rate血型 Blood Type血压 Blood Pressure麻醉 Anesthesia全身麻醉 General Anesthesia静脉麻醉 Intravenous Anesthesia 脊椎麻醉 Spinal Anesthesia局部麻醉 Local Anesthesia手术 Operation切除 Resectionlie副作用 Side Effect洗净 Irrigation注射 InjectionX光 X-Ray红外线 Ultra Red-Ray慢性的 Chronic急性的 Acute体格 Build亲戚 Relative遗传 Heredity免疫 Immunity血清 Serum流行性的 Epidemic潜伏期 Incubation Period 滤过性病毒 Virus消毒 Sterilization抗生素 Antibiotic脑波洗肠 Enema结核反映 Tuberculin Reaction 华氏 Fahrenheit摄氏 Celsius, Centigrade药品 Medicine=================冰袋 Ice Bag药品 Medicine (Drug)绷带 Bandage胶带 Adhesive Tape剪刀 Scissors体温计 Thermometer药丸 Tablet, Pill舌下锭 Sublingual Tablet胶囊 Capsules软膏 Ointment眼药 Eye Medicine止咳药 Cough Medicine阿司匹林 Aspirin止疼药 Pain Killer药方 Prescription症状及名称一般症状============================发烧 Fever高烧 High Fever发冷 Chillsz发汗 Sweats盗汗 Night Sweats倦怠 Tireness失眠 Insomnia肩头发硬 Stiffness in Shoulder 打喷嚏 Sneeze打嗝 Hiccup痒 Itch腰疼 Low Back Pain头疼 Headache痛 Pain (Ache)急性疼痛 Acute Pain激痛 Severe Pain钝痛 dull Pain压痛 Pressing Pain刺痛 Sharp Pain戳痛 Piercing Pain一跳一跳地痛 Throbbing Pain 针扎似的痛 Prickling Pain 烧痛 Burning Pain裂痛 Tearing Pain持续痛 Continuous Pain不舒服 Uncomfortable绞痛 Colic放射痛 Rediating Pain溃烂痛 Sore Pain痉挛痛 Crampy Pain顽痛 Persistent Pain轻痛 Slight Pain血尿 Bloody Urine浓尿 Pyuria粘液便 Mucous Stool粘土样便 Clay-Colored Stool验血 Blood Analysis红血球 Red Cell白血球 White Cell呼吸数 Respiration Rate呼气 Expiration吸气 Inspiration呼吸困难 Difficulty in Breathing 不规则脉搏 Irregular Pulse慢脉 Bradycardia快脉 Rapid Pulse尿浑浊 Cloudy Urine蛋白质 Albuminuria糖尿 Glucosuria瘦 thin, Skinny肥 Fat医院英语词汇大全children's hospital 儿童医院general hospital, polyclinic 综合医院hospital for lepers, leprosarium 麻风病院maternity hospital, lying-inhospital 产科医院mental hospital, mental home 精神病院obstetrics and gynecology hospital 妇产医院plastic surgery hospital 整形外科医院stomatological hospital 口腔医院tuberculosis hospital 结核病医院tumour hospital 肿瘤医院clinic 诊疗所first-aid station 急救站polyclinic 联合诊疗所quarantine station 防疫站（检疫所）rest home 休养所sanatorium 疗养院medical department 内科surgical department 外科anaesthesiology department 麻醉科cardiology department 心脏病科dental department 牙科dermatology department, skin department 皮肤科department of cardiac su 心脏外科department of cerebral surgery 脑外科general surgery 普通外科neurology department 神经科neurosurgery department 神经外科obstetrics and gynecology department 妇产科ophthalmology department 眼科orthopedic surgery department 矫形外科orthopedics department 骨科otorhinolaryngological department 耳鼻喉科paediatrics department 小儿科pathology department 病理科plastic surgery 整形外科psychiatry department 精神病科thoracic surgery department 胸外科traumatology department 创伤外科urology department 泌尿科radiology department 放射科registration office 挂号处out-patient department, OPD 门诊部in-patient department 住院部nursing department 护理部consulting room 诊室waiting room 候诊室admitting office 住院处emergency room 急诊室operation room, operation theatre 手术室laboratory 化验室blood bank 血库pharmacy, dispensary 药房ward 病房medical ward 内科病房surgical ward 外科病房maternity ward 产科病房isolation ward 隔离病房observation ward 观察室hospital bed 病床director of the hospital 院长head of the department of medical administration 医务部主任head of the nursing department 护理部主任head of out-patient department 门诊部主任doctor 医生head of the medical department 内科主任head of the surgical department 外科主任physician in charge, surgeon in charge, attending doctor, doctor in charge 主治医生resident physician 住院医生intern, interne 实习医生laboratory technician 化验员nurse 护士head nurse 护士长anaesthetist 麻醉师pharmacist, druggist 药剂师internist, physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生brain specialist 脑科专家cardiac surgeon 心外科医生cardiovascular specialist 心血管专家dentist 牙科医生dermatologist 皮肤科医生ear-nose-throat doctor 耳鼻喉医生gynecologist 妇科医生heart specialist 心脏病专家neurologist, nerve specialist 神经科专家obstetrician 产科医生oculist 眼科医生oncologist 肿瘤科医生orthopedist 骨科医生paediatrician 小儿科医生plastic surgeon 整形外科医生radiologist 放射科医师radiographer 放射科技师urologist 泌尿科医生dietician 营养医师out-patient 门诊病人in-patient 住院病人medical patient 内科病人surgical patient 外科病人obstetrical patient 产科病人heart disease patient 心脏病病人emergency case 急诊病人。
关于生病疾病症状的英语表达集锦（英汉对照）
本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！本文档如对你有帮助，请帮忙下载支持！关于生病、疾病症状的英语表达（英汉对照） 头痛headache 感冒cold 咳嗽cough 肺炎pneumonia 肝炎hepatitis脑膜炎brain fever/meningitis 膀胱炎cystitis 急性胃炎acute gastritis 胃炎gastritis 气管炎trachitis 支气管炎bronchitis 阑尾炎阑尾炎 appendicitis 胃肠炎gastroenteritis 乳腺炎mastitis 肿瘤tumor 癌症cancer禽流感bird flu/avian influenza 非典SARS(Severe Acute RespiratarySyndrome)疯牛病mad cow disease 黑死病black death白血病leukemia爱滋病AIDS(Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) 流感influenza白内障白内障cataract 狂犬病rabies 中风stroke冠心病冠心病 coronary heart disease 糖尿病diabetes 肺癌肺癌 lung cancer 肝癌liver cancer肺结核pulmonary tuberculosis 肝硬化hepatocirrhosis 慢性病chronic 肺气肿emphysema 胃癌cancer of stomach 胃病stomach trouble 心脏病heart disease 发烧fever生病常用英文(1)一般病情:He feels headache, nausea and vomiting. (他觉得头痛、恶心和想吐。
)He is under the weather. (他不舒服，生病了。
)He began to feel unusually tired. (他感到反常的疲倦。
与医院有关的单词
hospital 医院hospital for infectious diseases 传染病医院childrens hospital 儿童医院obstetrics and gynecology hospital 妇产医院tuberculosis hospital 结核病医院stomatological hospital 口腔医院army hospital 陆军医院field hospital 野战医院hospital of chinese medicine 中医医院tumor hospita 肿瘤医院general hospital 综合性医院mental hospital 精神病院hospital for lepers；leprosarium 麻风病院sanatorium 疗养院clinic 诊疗所first-aid station 急救站quarantine station 防疫站医学名称英语单词medical science；medical service；medicine 医学medical book 医书medical skill；art of healing 医术medical matters 医务clinic 医务所medical science；medicine 医学forensic medicine；legal medicine 法医学preclinical medicine 基础医学preventive medicine 预防医学Doctor of Medicine 医学博士academy of medical sciences 医学科学院medical literature 医学文献Bachelor of Medicine 医学学士medical heritage 医学遗产college of medicine 医学院medical witness 医学证人medicine 医药general medical knowledge 医药常识medical expenses 医药费medical kit；medicine chest 药箱first-aid kit 急救药箱property of a medicine 药性pharmaceutical college 药学院dipping vat 药浴池medicated soap 药皂drug rash；drug eruption 药疹assistant pharmacy 药剂士pharmaceutics；pharmacy 药剂学medicinal liquor 药酒pharmacology 药理学efficacy of a drug 药力absorbent cotton 药棉医务名称英语单词doctor；physician 医生medical officer；surgeon 军医cure；treat 医治cure sb of his illness 医好某人的病give sb medical treatment 给某人医病take stopgap measures 头痛医头，脚痛医脚still<knowledge>of a doctor：医道medical ethics 医德medical courses in general；medicine 医科principles of medical science；medical knowledge 医理medical treatment 医疗public health services 公费医疗medical team 医疗队medical establishment 医疗机构medicament；drug 药剂pharmacist；druggist 药剂师unskillful and faulty medical or surgical treatment；malpractice 医疗事故malpractice insurance 医疗事故保险medico-athletics 医疗体育medical and health work 医疗卫生工作medical station；health center 医疗站obstetrician 产科医生pediatrician 儿科医生ENT（ear-nose-throat）doctor 耳鼻喉科医生radiologist 放射科医生gynecologist 妇科医生orthopedist 骨科医生urologist 泌尿科医生physician 内科医生dermatologist 皮肤科医生intern 实习医生surgeon 外科医生dentist；dental surgeon 牙科医生oculist；eye-doctor 眼科医生plastic surgeon 整形外科医生oncologist 肿瘤科医生doctor in charge 主治医生resident doctor 住院医生药物名称英语单词medicine；drug；remedy 药sleeping pill 安眠药contraceptive drugs 避孕药tonic 补药a medicine for colds 感冒药expectorant 化痰药anti-cancer drugs；cancer-fighting drugs 抗癌药anti-tuberculous drug 抗结核药oral contraceptive；pill 口服避孕药good medicine；a good remedy 良药laxative 轻泻药antipyretic 退热药for oral administration 内服药specific medicine；specific 特效药for external use 外用药preventive medicine；prophylactic 预防药sedative 镇静药take medicine 服药change dressings 换药decoct herbal medicine 煎药fill a prescription 配药have a prescription made up（filled）（患者）抓药medicinal materials；crude drugs 药材medicinal herbs 药草tablet 药片medicines and chemical reagents 药品medicine bottle 药瓶remedies 药石liquid medicine；medicinal liquid 药水lotion 洗液pill 药丸bolus 大药丸herbal medicines in a prescription 药味（中药方中的药）flavor of a drug 药味（药的味道或气味）medicines；pharmaceuticals；medicaments 药物heal with drugs 药物医治drug allergy 药物过敏materia medica 药物学drug poisoning 药物中毒（medicinal）powder 药粉ointment；salve 药膏apply a plaster 上药膏科室名称英语单词medical department；department of internal medicine 内科surgical deparment；department of surgery 外科pediatrics department 小儿科obstetrics and gynecology department 妇产科ophtalmology department 眼科dental department 牙科ENT（ear-nose-throat）department 耳鼻喉科urology department 泌尿科dermatology department；skin department 皮肤科orthopedic surgery department 矫形外科traumatology department 创伤外科plastic surgery 整形外科anesthesiology department 麻醉科pathology department 病理科cardiology department 心脏病科psychiatry department 精神病科orthopedics department 骨科department of cardiac surgery 心脏外科department of cerebral surgery 胸外科neurology department 神经科neurosurgery department 神经外科thoracic surgery department 脑外科department of traditional Chinese medicine 中医科registration office 挂号处out-patient department 门诊部in-patient department 住院部nursing department 护理部consulting room 诊室waiting room 候诊室emergency room 急诊室admitting office 住院处operation room 手术室X-ray department 放射科blood bank 血库dispensary；pharmacy 药房ward 病房laboratory 化验室医务人员常用英语1、What can do for you?你有什么事？2、May I help you?我能帮你什么忙？3、Please take a seat!please sit down!请坐。
英语分类词汇 Hospital 医院
Hospital 医院Medicine 医药children's hospital 儿童医院general hospital, polyclinic 综合医院hospital for lepers, leprosarium 麻风病院maternity hospital, lying-inhospital 产科医院mental hospital, mental home 精神病院obstetrics and gynecology hospital 妇产医院plastic surgery hospital 整形外科医院stomatological hospital 口腔医院tuberculosis hospital 结核病医院tumour hospital 肿瘤医院clinic 诊疗所first-aid station 急救站polyclinic 联合诊疗所quarantine station 防疫站（检疫所）rest home 休养所sanatorium 疗养院medical department 内科surgical department 外科anaesthesiology department 麻醉科cardiology department 心脏病科dental department 牙科dermatology department, skin department 皮肤科department of cardiac su 心脏外科department of cerebral surgery 胸外科general surgery 普通外科neurology department 神经科neurosurgery department 精神外科obstetrics and gynecology department 妇产科ophthalmology department 眼科orthopedic surgery department 矫形外科orthopedics department 骨科otorhinolaryngological department 耳鼻喉科paediatrics department 小儿科pathology department 病理科plastic surgery 整形外科psychiatry department 精神病科thoracic surgery department 脑外科traumatology department 创伤外科urology department 泌尿科X-ray department 放射科registration office 挂号处out-patient department, OPD 门诊部in-patient department 住院部forensic medicine 法医学doctor, physician 医生,医师,内科医师family doctor 家庭医生pediatrician, pediatrist 儿科医师gynecologist 妇科医师tocologist, obstetrician 产科医师neurologist 神经专家psychiatrist 精神病学专家ophthalmologist, oculist 眼科专家dentist, odontologist 牙医师surgeon 外科医师anesthetist, anaesthetist 麻醉师nurse 护士hospital 医院clinic 诊所sanatorium 疗养院health 健康healthy (个人)健康wholesome 合乎卫生的,有益于健康的hygiene 卫生to get vaccinated 接种sick person, patient 病员,患者to be sick, to be ill 患病sickly 多病ailment, complaint 疾病pain 疼,痛indisposition, slight illness 不适unwell, indisposed 不适的affection, disease 疾病ulcer 溃疡wound 创伤,伤口lesion 损害injury 损伤rash, eruption 疹spot 点,斑pimple 丘疹,小疮blackhead 黑头粉刺blister 水疱furuncle 疖scab, boil 痂scar 癜痕wart 疣,肉赘callus, callosity 胼胝nursing department 护理部consulting room 诊室waiting room 候诊室admitting office 住院处emergency room 急诊室operation room, operation theatre 手术室laboratory 化验室blood bank 血库pharmacy, dispensary 药房ward 病房medical ward 内科病房surgical ward 外科病房maternity ward 产科病房isolation ward 隔离病房observation ward 观察室hospital bed 病床director of the hospital 院长head of the department of medical administration 医务部主任head of the nursing department 护理部主任head of out-patient department 门诊部主任doctor 医生head of the medical department 内科主任head of the surgical department 外科主任physician in charge, surgeon in charge, attending doctor, doctor in charge 主治医生resident physician 住院医生intern, interne 实习医生laboratory technician 化验员nurse 护士head nurse 护士长anaesthetist 麻醉师pharmacist, druggist 药剂师internist, physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生brain specialist 脑科专家cardiac surgeon 心外科医生cardiovascular specialist 心血管专家dentist 牙科医生dermatologist 皮肤科医生ear-nose-throat doctor 耳鼻喉医生gynecologist 妇科医生heart specialist 心脏病专家neurologist, nerve specialist 神经科专家corn 鸡眼chilblain 冻疮bruise 挫伤ecchymosis 瘀癍bump 肿swelling 肿胀contusion 挫伤sprain, twist 扭伤fracture 骨折symptom 症状diagnosis 诊断case 病例incubation 潜伏epidemic 流行病contagion 传染fever 发热attack, access, fit 发作coughing fit 咳嗽发作to take to one's bed 卧床to sneeze 打喷嚏faint, fainting fit 晕厥vertigo, dizziness 眩晕to feel sick 恶心to lose consciousness 失去知觉concussion 震荡coma 昏迷diet 饮食treatment 疗法to get better, to improve 好转cure 治愈relapse 复发Surgery 外科anesthesia, anaesthesia 麻醉blood transfusion 输血probing, sounding 探通术amputation 切断术tracheotomy 气管切开术trepanation 环锯术,环钻术graft, transplant 移植ligature 结扎stitches 缝线cicatrization 瘢痕形成operating theatre 手术室 (美obstetrician 产科医生oculist 眼科医生oncologist 肿瘤科医生orthopedist 骨科医生paediatrician 小儿科医生plastic surgeon 整形外科医生radiologist 放射科医师radiographer 放射科技师urologist 泌尿科医生dietician 营养医师out-patient 门诊病人in-patient 住院病人medical patient 内科病人surgical patient 外科病人obstetrical patient 产科病人heart disease patient 心脏病病人emergency case 急诊病人作:operating theater) instruments 手术器械bistoury, scalpel 手术刀bandage 绷带dressing, bandages 敷料gauze 纱布compress 敷布sticking plaster 橡皮膏,胶布catgut 肠线plaster 石膏sling 悬带plastic surgery 整形手术acupuncture 针术Disease疾病anemia, anaemia 贫血angina pectoris 心绞痛appendicitis 阑尾炎arthritis 关节炎bronchitis 支气管炎cancer 癌catarrh 卡他,粘膜炎chicken pox, varicella 水痘cholera 霍乱cold 感冒,伤风,着凉(head) cold 患感冒diabetes 糖尿病diphtheria 白喉eczema 湿疹epilepsy 癫痫erysipelas 丹毒gangrene 坏疽German measles, rubella 风疹gout 痛风headache 头痛hemiplegy, hemiplegia 偏瘫,半身不遂interus, jaundice 黄疸indigestion 消化不良influenza, flu 流感insanity 精神病leukemia 白血病malaria 疟疾malnutrition 营养不良Malta fever 马耳他热,波状热measles 麻疹migraine, splitting headache 偏头痛miocardial infarction 心肌梗塞mumps 流行性腮腺炎。
cancer用法及搭配
cancer用法及搭配一、cancer的用法及搭配1. 基本用法- “cancer”作为名词，主要表示“癌症；恶性肿瘤”。
例如：He was diagnosed with cancer last year.（他去年被诊断出患有癌症。
） - 也可用来表示“巨蟹座”（首字母大写），在占星学等语境下使用。
如：She is a Cancer.（她是巨蟹座的。
）2. 固定搭配- “fight against cancer”（与癌症作斗争）。
例如：Many doctors are fighting against cancer every day.（许多医生每天都在与癌症作斗争。
）- “cancer patient”（癌症患者）。
例如：The cancer patient needs a lot of care and support.（癌症患者需要很多的关心和支持。
） - “cancer treatment”（癌症治疗）。
例如：The new cancer treatment shows great promise.（这种新的癌症治疗方法很有希望。
） - “cancer cell”（癌细胞）。
例如：Scientists are trying to find ways to kill cancer cells.（科学家们正在努力寻找杀死癌细胞的方法。
）二、双语例句1. My grandpa has cancer. It's like a dark cloud hanging over our family.（我的爷爷得了癌症。
就像有一片乌云笼罩着我们家。
）2. She is a strong - willed woman. When she heard she had cancer, she said, "Cancer? I'll beat it for sure!"（她是个意志坚强的女人。
中国医学科学院肿瘤医院病历邮寄流程
中国医学科学院肿瘤医院病历邮寄流程The mailing process for medical records at the Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.The Cancer Hospital of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences has a well-established process for mailing medical records. To ensure efficient and secure delivery, the hospital follows certain procedures.患者需要向医院的病历部门提出申请，请求将病历邮寄给他们。
这可以通过在线申请表格、电话或亲自前往病历部门完成。
Once a patient decides to have their medical records mailed, they need to submit a request to the Medical Records Department of the hospital. This can be done through an online application form, over the phone, or by personally visiting the department.然后，医院会核实患者的身份和必要信息。
他们可能会要求提供一些个人资料和诊断证明等文件，以确保将病历邮寄给正确的人。
Afterwards, the hospital verifies the patient's identity and necessary information. They may ask for personal documents such as identification proof and diagnostic certificates to ensure that the medical records are sent to the right person.接下来，医院会根据患者提供的邮寄地址准备好文件。
医学常用英语词汇
医学常用英语词汇（内外妇儿科均有）一、内科常用字汇心血管系统 The Cardiovascular SystemAcute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) 急性心机梗塞Electrocardiogram (DCG) 心电图Hypertensive Cardiovascular Disease 高血压性心脏血管疾病Congential Heart Disease 先天性心脏病Hemangioma 血管瘤Vasodilatation 血管扩张Arteriosclerosis 动脉硬化Hypertension 高血压Hypertrophy 肥大Hypotension 低血压Varicose veins 静脉曲张血液及淋巴系统 The Hemic and Lymphatic System Adenitis 腺炎Acute Lymphogenous Leukemia 急性淋巴球性白血病Leukocyte 白血球Leukocytopenia白血球减少Systemic Lupus Erythematosus 全身性红斑性狼疮Splenomegaly 脾肿大Anemia贫血Aseptic 无菌的Septicemia败血症Hemostasis 止血Transfusion输血呼吸系统 The Respiratory SystemPulmonary embolism 肺栓塞Mucosa 黏膜Exhale呼吸Apnea窒息Tachypnea呼吸急促Pneumonia肺炎Bronchitis支气管炎Lung Empyema 肺积脓消化系统 The Digestive SystemShort of breath 呼吸短促Dysphasia说话困难Aphasia 失语症Aphonia失声Dysphagia 吞咽困难Gingivitis 齿龈炎Pharyngitis 咽炎Laryngitis 喉炎Esophagoscopy 食道镜检查Esophagus stricture 食道狭窄Abdominocentesis腹部穿刺术Gastric cancer 胃癌Gastritis 胃炎Gastroenteritis胃肠炎Gastrorrhagia胃出血Pyloric obstruction 幽门阻塞Duodenal Ulcer 十二指肠溃疡Peritonitis 腹膜炎Enterorrhagia 肠出血Enterorrhexis 肠破裂Appendicitis 阑尾炎Colon cancer结肠癌Proctoscopy 直肠镜检查Rectal cancer 直肠癌Anal Fistual 肛门?I管External hemorrhoid 外痔Internal hemorrhoid 内痔Excretion 排泄Hepatitis肝炎Hepatomegaly 肝肿大Gall Stone 胆结石Cholelithiasis 胆石症Liver Cirrhosis 肝硬化Ascites腹水内分泌系统 The Endocrine System Glycemia糖血症Goiter 甲状腺肿Diabetes Mellitus 糖尿病Diabetes Insipidus尿崩症Bromidrosis汗臭症Pituitary Tumor 脑下垂体肿瘤神经系统 The Nervous System Cerebral Arteriosclerosis 脑动脉硬化Cerebral Hemorrhage 脑出血Cerebral Edema 脑水肿Cerebra Palsy脑性麻痹Cerebral Thrombosis 脑栓塞Cranial Neruritis 脑神经炎Intracranial Hemorrhage 颅内出血Encephalitis 脑炎Electromyography 肌电图Neuritis神经炎Epilepsy 癜痫Trigeminal Neuralgia 三叉神经痛Rachitis ?偻症Rachioscoliiosis脊柱侧弯Spondylitis 脊椎炎Quadriplegia 四肢麻痹Paraplegia 下半身瘫痪Immediately loss of consciousness 立即丧失意识Eye opening睁眼反应Verbal response 语言反应Motor response 运动反应Corneal reflex 角膜反射Plantar reflex 膝反射Sciatica坐骨神经痛Chorea 舞蹈症Muscle atrophy 肌萎缩Migraine 偏头痛Parkinson's Disease 巴金森式症Brain Swelling 脑肿胀brain Concussion 脑震荡brain Anoxia脑缺氧症brain Death 脑死肌肉骨骼系统 The Musculoskeletal SystemAnterior Cruciate Ligament 前十字韧带Rheumatoid Arthritis 类风湿性关节炎Arthrosclerosis关节硬化Degenerated Joint Disease变性关节炎Clavicle Fracture 锁骨骨折Pelvic Fracture 骨盆骨折Plastic Paris Cast 整形硬石膏Matastatic Lesion转移性损害Osteoporosis骨质疏松症Amputation 截肢Bone graft 骨移植Hallux Valgus大拇指外翻Prosthesis Replacement 人工弥补置换术Range of Motion 运动范围Varus 内翻Chondromalacia软骨软化症泌尿及男性生殖系统 The Urinary and Male Reproductive SystemCystitis 膀胱炎Circumcision包皮环割术Cystoscopy 膀胱镜检查Hydronephrosis肾水肿Renal Stone 肾结石Acute Renal Failure 急性肾衰竭Cryptorchidism 隐睾症Spermatogenesis精子生成Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy 良性摄护腺肥大Ureteral stenosis 输尿管狭窄Dysuria 排尿困难Hematuria血尿Uremia尿毒症Urinary Tract Infection 尿路感染Vasoligation 输精管结扎Impotence 阳萎特殊感觉器官 The Organs of Special Senses Audiometer 听力计Otitis耳炎Otorrhea耳漏Tympanitis中耳炎Tympanotomy 鼓膜穿破术Nasitis鼻炎Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma鼻咽癌Rhinorrhea 鼻溢Intraocular Foreign Body 眼内异物Intraocular pressure 眼内压Oculus Uterque 双眼Oculus Sinister 左眼Oculus Dexter 右眼Extraocular Muscle 眼外肌Ophthalmologist 眼科医师Diplopia 复视Myopia 近视Blepharoptosis 眼睑下垂Corneitis 角膜炎Pupil Size Anisocoria瞳孔大小不等Retinopexy 视网膜固定术Retinal Detachment 视网膜剥落Visual field 视野Vocal nodular 声带结节Dermatologist 皮肤科医师Dermatitis皮肤炎Cataract白内障Glaucoma青光眼综合性字汇Contraceptive避孕的Contraindication 禁忌症Biology 生物学Hyperemesis 剧吐Polydipsia剧渴Homosexual 同性的Heterosexual 异性的Inject 注射Lipoma 脂肪瘤Lipoid 脂肪样的Lipomatosis 脂肪过多症Malformaiton 畸形Malaise 不适Necrosis坏死Nocturia 夜尿症Ployuria 多尿Narcotics 麻醉药Hyperplasia 增殖Dysplasia 发育不良Dyspepsia 消化不良Prognosis 预後Antipyretic 解热剂Hydrophobia 恐水症Photophobia 畏光Antibiotic 抗生素Syndrome 症候群Hydrotherapy 水疗法Perforation 穿孔Percussion叩诊Visceralgia脏器痛二、妇产科常用字汇Genital 生殖的Gynecology 妇科Menstruation 月经Menopause 更年期Menorrhagia经血过多Amenorrhea 无月经Dysmenorrhea经痛Menarche初经Cervical cancer 子宫颈癌Cervical Erosion子宫颈糜烂Cervicitis子宫颈炎Perineum会阴Endometriosis子宫内膜异位Ovary 卵巢Ovarian Cyst 卵巢囊肿Ovulation排卵Vaginitis阴道炎Colposcopy 阴道镜检法Galactocele乳腺囊肿Mammography 乳房X光摄影术Infertility 不孕症InVitro Fertilization 体外受精Amnion 羊膜Amniocentesis 羊膜穿刺术Amniotic Fluid Embolism 羊水栓塞Hydramnion 羊水过多Anterpartal 产前的Antepartum 分娩前Chorionic Villi Sampling 绒毛膜绒毛取样Cephalo Pelvic Disproportion 胎头骨盆不对称Artificial Insemination 人工受精Engagement 进入产位Estrogen动情基素Colostrum 初乳Termination of Pregnancy 终止怀孕Corpus Luteum 黄体Vacuum Extraction Delivery 真空吸出分娩Venereal Disease 性病Tubal Ligation 输卵管结扎Laparoscope 腹腔镜Embryo 胚胎Ectopic Gestation 子宫外孕Primipara 初产妇Attitude of Fetus 胎儿体位Dead Detus in Uterus 胎死腹中Multipara 经产妇Parity 经产Placenta Previa前置胎盘Postpartum 产後Postpartum hemorrhage产後出血Toxemia of Pregnancy 妊娠毒血症Adolescence青春期Basal Body Temperature 基础体温Cesarean Section 剖腹产Expected Date of Confinement 预产期Fallopian Tube 输卵管Forceps 产钳Hydatidiform Mole 水囊状胎块Labor Pain阵痛Painless Labor 无痛分娩Molding胎头变形Normal Spontaneous Delivery 正常自然生产Papanicolaou Smear 子宫颈抹片检查Premature Rupture of Membrance 早期破水Progesterone黄体素Stillbrith死产Suture 缝合Stump残物Withdrawal Bleeding 停经出血三、小儿科常用字汇Apnea呼吸暂停Aplastic Anemia再生不良性贫血Arterio Venous Malformation 动静脉畸形Bronchial Asthma支气管性气喘Bronchitis支气管炎Cephalopematoma头血肿Erythema红斑Hypospadia尿道下裂Dehydration 脱水Hydrocephalus水脑Hydrocele 阴囊积水Polydactylia多指畸形Pyoderma脓皮症Sepsis 败血症Tonsillitis扁桃腺炎Encephalitis脑炎Gastroenteritis肠胃炎Necrotizing Enterocolitis坏死性小肠结肠炎Malignant恶性的Congenital Malformation 先天性畸形Neonatal Asphyxia新生儿窒息Cleft Palate 颚裂Diarrhea腹泻Dental Caries 龋齿Facial Nerve Paralysis 颜面神经麻痹Hives Urticaria蕈麻疹Torticollis斜颈Vaccine疫苗Incubator 保温箱Cleft lip 兔唇Chicken pox 水痘Club foot 畸足Diphtheria白喉Dengue fever 登革热Eczema湿疹Congenital syphilis 先天性梅毒German Measles/ Rubella德国麻疹Giant baby巨婴Gonorrhea 淋病Hepatitis B B型肝炎Hand-foot-mouth disease 手足口病Jaundice 黄疸Mongolian spots 蒙古斑Mumps 腮腺炎Respiratory arrest呼吸停止Roseola infantum幼儿玫瑰疹Vomiting呕吐六、解剖式内外科常用字汇The cardiovascular system 心血管系统lungs 肺脏venisvessels血管capillaries微血管cardi 心脏arteriesblood clot凝血The Hemic and Lymphatic System血液及淋巴系统Blood 血液Red blood cell 红血球White blood cell白血球Platelet血小板The Respiratory System 呼吸系统Bronchial tube主支气管Alveoii气泡Pharynx咽Larynx喉Trachea气管Lung肺Bronchioles小支气管Pleura胸膜Chest 胸Air 气The Digestive System 消化系统Lips唇teeth 牙齿tongue舌bile duct 胆管gallbladder 胆囊duodenum十二指肠jejunum空肠ileum 回肠appendix 阑尾small intestine小肠large intestine大肠rectum 直肠anus 肛门pancreas胰stomach 胃esophagus食道pharynx咽The Endocrine SystemGlands 腺体Adrenals肾上腺Pancreas胰Pituitary 脑下腺Thyroid and parathyroids 甲状腺和副甲状腺Breasts 乳房Ovaries 卵巢Testes睾丸The Nervous SystemBrain 脑Spinal cord 脊髓Vertebra脊椎Cranium颅腔Meninges脑膜Nerves神经The Musculoskeletal System 肌肉骨系统Skull 头骨Clavicle锁骨Sternum 胸骨Ribs 助骨Joints 关节Ligaments 韧带Tendons 肌腱Cartilage 软骨The Urinary and Male Reproductive System 泌尿及男性生殖系统Cortex皮质Urinary膀胱Urethra尿道Ureters输尿管Kidney 肾脏Renal pelvis 肾孟Vas deferens精管Urinary bladder 膀胱prostate gland前列腺scrotum 阴囊testis 睾丸penis阴茎urethra尿道The Organs of Special Senses 特殊感觉器官Acoustic nerve听神经Ear 耳朵Hearing 听觉的tube 耳咽管Eardrum 耳骨膜Eustachian 欧式管Nasal cavities鼻腔Nose 鼻Eyelid眼睑Lens晶球体Carnea角膜Tear duct泪管Conjunctiva结膜Choroid layer 脉络膜Retina视网膜Sclera巩膜Optic nerve视神经Obstetrics & Hynecology 妇产科常用字汇Fallopian tube输卵管Ovary 卵巢Uterus子宫Vagina阴道Vulva女阴(外生殖器官)脑部系统cerebrum 大脑corpus callosum 胼胝体thalamus 视丘cerebellum 小脑diencephalon 间脑cerebral peduncles大脑脚infundibulum漏斗hypophysis 脑下垂体midbrain 中脑pons 桥脑medulla 延脑brain stem 脑干眼球构造pupil 瞳孔suspensory ligaments 悬韧带ciliary process捷状突retinal veins网膜静脉retinal arteries网膜动脉optic nerve视神经anterior chamber前眼房posterior chamber 後眼房iris虹膜vitreous body 玻璃状体internal rectus muscle 内直肌lacrimal puncta泪孔lacrimal canaliculi泪小管lacrimal gland 泪腺excretory lacrimal duct 泪腺管eyebrow眉毛耳朵构造cochlea 耳蜗eustachian tube 耳咽管helix 耳壳tympanic membrance 鼓膜external auditory canal 外耳道semicircular canals半规管malleus锤骨vestibulocochlear nerve前庭耳蜗神经口腔gingiva 齿龈molars 大臼齿premolars 小臼齿canines犬齿incisors 门齿vestibule of mouth 口腔前庭upper lip 上唇upper lip frenulum 上唇系带alveolar provess齿槽突hard palate硬颚palatine tonsil颚扁桃腺sublingual caruncle 舌下阜七、癌症相关单字1. gastric cancer胃癌2. pancreatic cancer胰脏癌3. colon cancer结肠癌4. rectal cancer直肠癌5. prostate cancer摄护腺癌6. nasotharyngdal carcinona鼻咽癌7. cervical cancer子宫颈癌8. lung cancer肺癌9. esophageal cancer食道癌10. bladder cancer膀胱癌11. laryngl caner喉癌12. ovarian cancer软巢癌13. liver cancer肝癌14. skin cancer皮肤癌15. breast cancer乳癌16. leukemia血癌17. bone cancer骨癌18. brain tumor脑癌19. heart disease 心脏病20. lymphoma 淋巴瘤八、医院内常见单字Hospital 医院Nursing school = nursing home 护理学校(nursing home) Private convalescencehospital慢性疾病或恢复期的患者寮养的私立小医院(nursery school) 处理幼稚园之幼儿的地方Department of Medicine = Department of Internal Medicine 内科Resident in medicine 内科住院医师Chief of Medicine 内科主任 (Medical man) Internist = intern = intern 实习生 (Internist = 内科医师)House officer 医院医师的称呼Junior and senior students 医学院学生(通常3或4学生)Extern 医院实习生Clinical clerk 从事病历记录实习之学生Student nurse 护理学生Graduate nurse护理学校毕业的护士Registered nurse (R.N.)取得考试许可证Supervisor督导护士Head nurse护士长Scrub nurse 手术助理护士Practicing physician = physician in practice = practitioner 开业医生Ambulance = ambulatory 救护车(不限於车子只要是搬运病人的船或飞机)Ambulant 可走动不必卧床的病人Ambulantory patient住院患者可走动(May ambulate, ambulatory, up ad lib,may walk)Malingerer 装病的人 (malinger 装病)Paretic 麻痹患者Malpractice 诊疗错误Emergency room 急诊室Ward 病房station护理站por恢复室Patient患者,病人Narcotic 麻醉药Nurse护士Doctor 医生Internist内科医生Surgeon外科医生Dentist 牙科医生Gynecologist 妇科医生Orthopedist 骨科医生Oculist 眼科医生Pediatrician 小儿科医生Psychiatrist 精神病医生Intern实习医生Examination table 诊疗台Clinical thermometer 体温计Stethoscope 听诊器Reflector 反光镜X-ray checkup X 光检查X-ray photograph X光像片Operation 手术Scalpel 手术刀Syringe 针筒Hypodermic needle 注射针Injection 注射Ice bag 冰袋Fixation forceps 固定镊Medicine, drug药品Bandage 绷带Absorbent cotton 脱脂棉Gauze 纱布Mask 口罩Wheel chair 轮椅Crutches ?收?br />Ambulance 救护车Stretcher 担架Chart 病历表Prescription处方Blood pressure 血压Blood type 血型Artificial respiration 人工呼吸Pill 药丸Capsule胶囊Ointment 软膏Iodine tincture 碘酒Sedative 镇静剂Intensive care unit 加护病房Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) 心肺复苏术Intravenous drip 点滴Chemotherapy化学治疗Computerized Topography电脑断层magnetic resonance imaging核磁共振Bureau of National Health Insurance中央健保局Fracture骨折Gypsum 石膏九、病历表内常见单字Front sheet, Summary sheet 首页,摘要表History sheet 病历表Physical examination sheet 身体检查表Physician's order sheet 医嘱单Physician's progress note 医生用病情进展记录Laboratory reports 检验报告Radiographic reports X光检查报告Nursing notes 护理记录Graphic chart 图式病历Discharge summary sheet 出院摘要Operation report 手术报告Anesthesia record 麻醉记录Consultation sheet 会诊单Intake and output sheet 摄取与排泄记录Consent (or permission) for operation 手术同意书Emergency room record 急诊室记录住院病历表身家调查事项 ( identifying data or biographic data)admission date 住院日期hospital number = chart number 病历号码room number 病房号码namesexagebirth datebirth placemarital status = civil status 婚姻状况addressoccupationempolyer 雇主公司行号health insurance number 医疗保险号码referring physician 转介医生各系统的表现状况--全身状态违和感malaise (= a vague feeling of bodily discomfort, indefinite bodily weakness or discomfort)feel unwell (ill, poorly)疲劳感.倦怠感lassitudefatiguetirednesswearinesslanguorlack of energy (vigor)listlessnessexhaustionworn-out虚脱无力状态weaknessfeeblenesslack (loss) of strengthdebilitypowerlessnessprostration(= extreme weakness or exhaustion) asthenia睡眠状态sleepslumber (=light sleep)a nap (=a short sleep)a doze (= a light or fitful sleep)入睡 fall asleep ; go to sleep小睡 take a nap ; take a doze ; slumber ; doze ; drowse 欲睡的 sleepy ; drowsy ; somolent ; lethargic睡意 sleepiness ; drowsiness ; somnolence摧睡 become(= feel =get) sleepy(=drowsy = somnolent) 睡眠不足 loss(= lack = want) of sleep失眠insomnia ; sleeplessness ; wakefulness ; inability to sleep失眠症的人 insomniac熟睡 sound (profound) sleep睡醒awake ; wake ; rouse ; awaken作梦 dream恶梦 nightmare梦游症 sleepwalking ; somnambulism梦游病者 sleep-walker ; somnambulist ; night-walker 体重方面(weight ; body weight)体重为 weigh~ ; be ~ in weight最高 maximum最低 minimum平均 average最适 optimum现在 present体重减少 weight loss ; loss of weight体重增加 weight gain ; gain in weight ; increase in weight瘦 thin ; lean ; skinny瘦弱 emaciated (emaciation)肥胖 fat ; stout ; fatty体温状况(body temperature量体温 take one's temperature 发烧fever ; pyrexia ; rise (elevation) of temperature ; increase in temperature发烧的 feverish ; febrile ; fevered ; pyrexic ; pyrexial无发烧的 afebrile ; feverless ; apyrexial发冷 a chill ; rigor ; have a cold fit寒颤 shiver ; shake ; shaking chills ; shivering with chills退热 fall ; drop ; go down ; abate ; remit发汗 sweating ; perspiration弛张热 remittent fever间歇热 intermittent fever连续热 continuous fever危险期 by crisis转轻期 by lysis疼痛方面偏头痛 migraine ; megrim ; hemicrania ;後头部痛 occipital pain侧头部痛 temporal pain前头部痛 frontal pain头痛 have(suffer) a headache ; one's head aches ; feel a pain in the head耳痛 earache ; sore ears ; toalgia咽喉痛 sore throat ; pharyngalgia眼痛 have painful eyes ; one's eyes hurt(smart) 齿痛 toothache胸痛 chest pain心前部痛 precordial pain心绞痛 anginal pain胸股下後痛 substernal (retrosternal) pain胸膜炎痛 pleuritic pain腹痛 abdominal pain ; belly(stomach) ache上腹痛 epigastric pain ; pain in the epigastrium 上腹部痛 upper abdominal pain下腹部痛 lower abdominal pain左上腹部痛 left upper quadrant pain侧腹部痛 flank pain背痛 backache腰痛 low backache ; lumbago关节痛 joint pain肌肉痛 muscular pain神经痛 neuralgia绞痛 colic ; colicky pain胆石绞痛 biliary or gallstone colic肾石痛 renal colic痛 cramps ; crampy (cramping) pain; spasmodic博动痛throbbing(pounding, thumping, pulsating) pain转移性痛 radiating pain ; pain with radiation牵连痛 referred pain电击痛 lightning (fulgurant, shooting) pain带状痛 girdle pain神经根性痛 root pain空腹痛 hunger pain夜间痛 nocturnal pain自发痛 spontaneous pain压痛 tenderness固定痛fixed (steady) pain灼热痛 burning pain刺状痛 lancinating ; piercing ; stinging ; darting; stabbing分裂状头痛 splitting ; racking撕裂状痛 tearing ; rending ;钝痛 dull ; obtuse ;剧烈痛 sharp ; excruciating ; tormenting ; torturing ; racking ; agonizingly severe不断阵痛 gnawing ; griping擦伤痛 stinging ; smarting ; sore针刺痛 pricking ; pricking呼吸器管和循环器管系统呼吸 breath ; respiration呼吸困难 difficulty in breathing ; dyspnea呼吸短促 be short of breath ; shortness of breath ;be short-winded; be out of breath ; lose one's breath 深呼吸 breathe deeply叹息 sigh ; draw a long breath喘息 pant端坐呼吸 orthopnea劳动时呼吸困难 exertional dyspnea ; difficulty in breathing on exertion( physical activity)夜间呼吸困难 nocturnal dyspnea呼吸快速 tachypnea ; rapid breathing喘呜 wheeze ; wheezing打喷嚏 sneezing ; sneeze打嗝 hiccup (hiccough) ; singultus咳嗽 cough阵发性咳嗽 have a fit of coughing ; have a paroxysmal 清喉 clear the throat乾咳 dry cough ; hacking couth ; nonproductive cough 有痰咳 productive cough ; cough with sputum喀痰 sputum ; phlegm ; expectorate喀血 hemoptysis ; bloody expectoration 粘喀痰 viscid (tenaceous ; thick ) sputum浓喀痰 frothy sputum泡沫状喀痰 mucoid sputum脓性喀痰 purulent sputum血性喀痰 bloody sputum混血喀痰 blood-streaked sputum绿色喀痰 greenish sputum锈色喀痰 rusty sputum感冒 common cold流形性感冒 influenze ; flu ; grippe上呼吸道感染upper respiratory infection (U.R.I.)胸膜炎 pleruisy气喘 asthma心悸 palpitation悸动 palpitate ; throb脉搏暂停pause in the pulse ; skipped pulse (heart beat)速脉 rapid pulse ; tachycardia徐脉 slow pulse ; bradycardia高血压high blood pressure ; hypertension ; hypotension心脏麻痹 heart attack ; heart failure ; cardiac standstill狭心症 angina (=angina pectoris)心脏瓣膜症valvular disease of the heart ; leaking heart valve (leaky heart)动脉硬化hardening of the arteries ; arterioscalerosis血液循环不佳have a poor circulation of blood 间歇性跛行 intermittent claudication消化器官系统食欲不振 a poor (weak or bad) appetite ; no little appetite ; loss (lack or decrease) of appetite ; anorexia食欲增进 increase (improvement) of appetite无食欲 have no (little ; a poor) appetite食欲旺盛 have a strong (voracious) appetite丧失食欲 lose one's apptite空腹 an empty stomach咀嚼 chewing ; mastication吞咽 swallow gulp吞咽困难 difficulty in swallowing ; dysphagia 嗳气打噎 belching ; eructation打酸噎 sour eructation心灼热 heatburn ; pyrosis ; water brash逆流 regugitation恶心 nausea ; retch ; heaving ; nauseous feeling ; sickly feeling感到恶feel nausea (nauseous, nauseated, sick,queasy) ; retch ; heave ; feel like vomiting 呕吐 vomiting ; emesis ; vomit ; throw up ; bring up ; spew呕吐物 vomit ; vomitus; vomited matter咖啡渣 coffee-grounds消化 digestion消化不良 indigestion ; dyspepsia腹部饱胀abdominal distention ; bloating ; flautulence; meteorism; gassiness腹鸣 borborygmus ; gurgling ; growling ; rumbling 黄疸 jaundice ; icterus腹水 ascites通便 bowel movement ; bowel habit ; pass stools ; move one's bowels ; defecate ; evacuate the bowels ;下痢 diarrhea ; loose bowels ;便秘 constipation水状watery stool (feces)血状 bloody stool柏油状 tarry stool泥状 mushy stool软状 loose stool硬状 hard stool呈固状 formed stool呈半固状 semiformed stool大便失禁 fecal incontinence放屁pass gas ; pass wind ; pass flatus泌尿与生殖器官系统排尿 urination ; micturition ; pass(void) urine ; urinate ; micturate尿意 urge (desire ) to urinate尿急 urinary urgency频尿 urinary frequency夜间频尿frequent urination during the night ; nycturia多尿 polyuria少尿 oliguria无尿 anuria排尿困难 difficulty in urination ; dysuria闭尿 urinary retention尿失禁 urinary incontinence夜间多尿 nocutria夜尿症 bed-wetting ; enuresis 混浊尿 cloudy (turbid) urine血尿 bloody urine ; hematuria性欲 sexual desire ; libido性交 sexual intercourse ; coitus ; coition杨萎 impotence勃起 erection射精 ejaculation早泄 premature ejaculation遗精 pollution梦遗 nocturnal pollution(emission); wet dream 包茎phimosis ; tightening of the foreskin (prepuce)割礼 circumcision性病 veneral disease (V.D.)月经 menstruation ; menses ; periods ; menstrual periods初潮 menarche ; onset of menses停经 menopause更年期 climacteric ; changeof life痛经 dysmenorrhea ; painful menstruation无月经 amenorrhea ; missed periods月经过多menrrhagia ; hypermenorrhea ; excessive bleeding; excessive flow白带 vaginal discharge阴道出血 vaginal bleeding少量时 yaginal spoting子宫出血 metrorrhagia ; uterine bleeding妊娠 pregnancy ; conception怀孕 conceive ; be pregnant不妊sterility ; barrenness ; infertility ; inability to conceive流产 abortion ; miscarriage ;人工流产induced abortion避孕contraception; birth control避孕药 contraceptive阵痛 labor生产分娩 childbirth ; delivery ; give birth to ; be delivered坐月子 childbed ; confinement; pueriperium ; puerperal period孕吐 morning sickness ; nausea and vomiting of pregancy骨关节与肌肉系统脱臼 joint ; dislocation ; be dislocated be out of joint ; be put out of joint扭伤 sprain挫伤 sprain (twist ; wrench )关节炎 arthritis风湿症 theumatism痛风 gout (gaut)关节痛 arthralgia ; joint pain变形 deformity骨折 fracture石膏 cast ; plaster of Paris义腿(肢) artificial limb肌肉痛 muscle pain ; myalgia ; sore muscle扭筋 strain ; sprain肩坚硬 stiffness in a shoulder ; a stiff shoulder ;a cramp in the calf ; leg cramp抽筋 have a cramp ; be cramped肌肉压痛 tenderness of muscle ; muscular tenderness 精神与神经系统意识混浊 clouding of consciousness丧失意识 loss of consciousness ; unconsciousness 恢复意识 recover consciousness昏厥 fainting ; syncope昏睡 soma昏迷 stupor嗜睡somnolence ;sleepiness; drowiness ; lethargy 错乱 confusion ; distracted ; distraught胆妄的 delirious幻觉 hallucination痉挛 convulsion ; cramp ; spasm癫痫 epilepsy半身不遂 be paralyzed on one side ; become hemiplegic 肌无力 muscular weakness步行困难 difficulty in walking说话不清 speak thickly蹒跚 stagger ; reel ; falter ; walk zigzag ; walk with an unsteady gait; reel along肌肉萎缩 atrophy of muscle左手性 left-handedness右手性 right-handedness运动失调 ataxia无感觉 loss of sensation ; numbness ; anesthesia 失去感觉 become numb ; loss sensibility知觉过敏 hypersthesia知觉迟钝 hypesthesia知觉异常 paresthesia神经质 nervousness ; sensitive ; touchy神经衰弱 nervous breaksown意志消沉 depressed ; in low spirits 情绪佳 in good mood ; cheerful ; euphoric情绪不稳定 unstable ; labile capricious易受刺激 excitable ; easily excited ; irritable 不安的 anxious ; apprehensive ; uneasy内向的人 introvert外向的人 extrovert健忘 be forgetful ; have a poor memory漠不关心 indifferent ; nonchalant ; unconcerned 自卑感 inferiority complex歇斯底里病 hysteria眼耳鼻咽喉视力丧失 lose one's sight 9eyesight) ; become blind失明 loss of vision ; blindness视力减退 impairment of visual acuity ; impaired vision ; fogglness (dimness) of vision ; poor (defective) vision ; blurring近视 near-sightedness ; myopia myopy远视 far-sightedness ; hypermetrope ; hyperope 折射异常 refractive error乱视 astigmatism斜视 strabismus ; squint复视 diplopia ; double vision夜盲 night-blindness ; nyctalopia盲点 scotoma ; blind spot眼睛疲劳 eyestrain流泪过多 overflow of tears异物感foreign body sensation ; a feeling of something ; grittiness ; sandiness怕光 photophoia ; abnormal intolerance of light ; inability to stand light结膜炎 conjunctivitis砂眼 trachoma听力减退 impaired hearing ; decreased hearing ; loss of hearing重听 be hard of hearing耳聋 deaf耳鸣 ringing of ears ; tinnitus耳痛 earache ; otalgia耳垢 cerumen ; erawax ;中耳炎 otitis media ; inflammation of the middle ear流鼻水 snivel ; run at the nose ; have a running nose ;鼻伤风 sniffles ; snuffles ; head cold ; coryza 擤鼻涕 blow the nose ;鼻声 a nasal voice鼻塞 nasal obstruction ; nasal stuffiness ; nasal blockage ; nasal congestion鼻出血 nosebleed ; bleeding from the nose ; nasal hemorrhage ; epistaxis鼻炎 rhinitis扁桃 tonsil扁桃炎 tonsillitis齿痛 toothache蛀齿 decayed tooth ; dental caries ; tooth caries ; tooth cavity义齿 an artificial tooth装假牙 wear false teeth (a denture)无齿 toothless ; edentulous掉齿 lose a tooth ; come out拔齿 pull out ; extract a tooth齿龈 gums ; gingiva皮肤发疹 eruption ; rash ; exanthema ; exanthem湿疹 eczema荨麻疹 urticaria ; hives胎记 birth mark(红斑)青斑 bruise黑斑 mole水泡 welt ; wheal ;wale头皮屑 dandruff ; scurf痂 scab ; curst ; slough丘疹 pimple ; acne香港脚 athlete's foot ; ringworm of the feet痱子 prickly heat ; heat rash龟裂 chaps ; cracks糜烂 sore ; erosion ; festering疣 warts冻疮 chilblain ; festering尿布疹 diaper rash黄癣 favus ; scaldhead脓泡 impetigo雀斑 freckles晒斑 sunburn骚养 itching ; pruritus骚养伤 scratch生脓 fester ; form pus ; suppurate渗出 exude ;ooze ; weep股擦伤 have a thigh sore (chafing in the groin)脱毛 loss of hair ; falling-out of hair多毛症 hirsutism 无毛 hairless ; bald ;秃头 baldness ; bald- headedness秃头症 alopecia十、诊断用具stethoscope 听诊器sphygmomanometer (blood pressure cuff) 血压计thermometer 体温计ophthalmoscope 捡眼镜otoscope 耳镜laryngeal mirror 喉镜flashlight 手电统tongue depressor (tongue blade) 压舌板hammer (percussion hammer ; reflex hammer) 叩诊锤tuning fork 音叉tape measure 卷尺scale (ruler) 尺loupe (magnifying glass ; hand lens) 放大镜rubber gloves 橡胶手套finger cot 指套vaginal speculum 阴道镜。
肿瘤医院学科建设流程
肿瘤医院学科建设流程Cancer hospital discipline construction is a vital process that involves planning, organizing, and implementing various medical specialties to effectively diagnose and treat cancer patients. 肿瘤医院学科建设是一个关乎计划、组织和实施各种医学专业的重要过程，以有效诊断和治疗癌症患者。
The first step in this process is conducting a needs assessment to identify the specific medical specialties required to provide comprehensive cancer care. 该过程的第一步是进行需求评估，以确定为提供全面癌症护理所需的具体医学专业。
Oncology, radiology, pathology, surgery, and palliative care are some of the key disciplines that play crucial roles in cancer hospital discipline construction. 肿瘤学、放射学、病理学、外科学和姑息治疗是在肿瘤医院学科建设中发挥重要作用的一些关键学科。
Each specialty requires a team of skilled healthcare professionals who are not only knowledgeable in their field but also dedicated to providing compassionate care to cancer patients. 每个专业都需要一支熟练的医疗团队，他们不仅在自己的领域知识渊博，而且致力于为肿瘤患者提供充满同情心的护理。
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探讨与争鸣
Cancer hospital 还是tumor hospital
欧周罗
(复旦大学肿瘤医院，上海200032)
中图分类号:N04;R73
文献标识码:A
文章编号:1673－8578(2012)02－0033－02
收稿日期:2012－02－07
作者简介:欧周罗(1958—)，男，陕西凤翔人，博士，复旦大学教授，研究方向为肿瘤分子生物学。
通信方式:ouzhouluo
@yahoo．com．cn．
复旦大学肿瘤医院的英译名一为Fudan Uni-versity Cancer Hospital (FUCH )，二为Fudan Univer-sity Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC )，后者大概是为了同国外为数众多的癌症中心(cancer center )如得克萨斯大学MD 安德生(MD Anderson )癌症中心(MDACC )、纽约斯挪恩－柯特林(Sloan-Kettering )纪念癌症中心(MSKCC )、新加坡的国立癌症中心(NCC )等取得一致的英文名称，但多数学者提到肿瘤医院时首先想到的还是cancer hospital ，不久前当我初次听到法国专家将本院简称为“复驰”(FUCH )的时候甚至还有点诧异。
然而，路过肿瘤医院门前的49路公交车英文报站时用的却不是cancer hospital 而是tumor hospital ，其他公交线路亦然。
不言而喻，由于无数次反复强化的关系，tumor hospital 已经印在了许多乘客的脑海中。
究竟是学术界的cancer hospital 更准确，还是民间人士的tumor hospital 较贴切呢?
如果将英文的“cancer ”“tumor ”分别直译为中文的
“癌”“肿瘤”的话，看似简单明了，但cancer hospital 倒译回来可就成了“癌医院”，而国人显然已经接受并习惯于肿瘤医院这一称谓，很多人也许未曾听说过“癌医院”。
看来不进行一番追根究底，要想弄清这一问题是不大可能的。
英文中cancer 与carcinoma 属同义词，cancer 来自拉丁文的Cancer (螃蟹、小龙虾)，意指那些具
有坚实的中心并向四周伸出一些分支的动物，以此表示呈侵袭性生长、面目狰狞、张牙舞爪的实体“癌”是再合适不过的了。
carcinoma 来自拉丁文的karkinoma (溃疡、癌)，karkinoma 脱胎于希腊文的karkinos (蟹)，karkinos +oma (瘤)就成了karkino-ma ，据说古希腊学者希波克拉底(Hippocrates ，公元前460—前370年)最早用karkinoma 表示“癌”。
英文中tumor 来自拉丁文的tumere (肿胀)，也有人说tumor 来自希腊文的tymbos (坟墓)。
此外，英文中表示肿瘤的前缀onco-来自希腊文的onkos (容积、伞)，泛指各种肿瘤，由此衍生出oncology (肿瘤学)、oncogene (肿瘤基因、癌基因)等词，只是未见有人将肿瘤医院称作oncohospital 。
在中国，早在3500年前殷周时代的殷墟甲骨文中就出现了“瘤”字，北宋1170年东轩居士著的《卫济宝书》中便有“痈疽五发，一曰癌”的记栽。
“瘤”字由“疒”及“留”组合而成，寓意此病“留聚不去”，反映了当时人们对这种疾病顽固性的认识。
古人还注意到某些恶性病变质地坚硬，表面凹凸不平，状若岩石，故描述为“乳岩”(乳腺癌)、“舌岩”(舌癌)等，癌与岩曾经同音的说法即由此而来。
至于究竟何时又是谁将英文的cancer 、tumor 与中文的癌、瘤对接起来的，尚待考证。
tumor (tumour )译为肿瘤，基本上没有异议。
但cancer 则有诸多中译法，颇耐人寻味。
在十年前
中国科技术语/2012年第2期
出版的一本小词典中，cancer被干净利索地译为一个字“癌”［1］。
在讲求权威性的中型及大型词典中，cancer被译为“癌，癌症，恶性肿瘤”［2－3］，似乎较为准确。
众所周知，肿瘤有良恶之分，既有宫颈癌、肝癌、甲状腺癌等恶性肿瘤(malignant tumor，malignant neoplasm)，也有子宫肌瘤、肝血管瘤、甲状腺腺瘤等良性肿瘤(benign tumor)。
而按照病理学的严格定义，癌是指来源于上皮组织的恶性肿瘤如肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌等，但来源于骨、肌肉等间叶组织的肉瘤(sarcoma)及白血病(leukemia)也在恶性肿瘤之列，因此把癌与恶性肿瘤等同起来至少是对了一半。
可是，在新近出版的词典中cancer 则被译为“癌，癌症，肿瘤”［4］，显而易见，癌与肿瘤已经被画上了等号，或者说cancer既可指癌，也可指广义的肿瘤。
更有甚者，cancer(癌)被大胆地注释为“恶性肿瘤的总称”［5］。
虽然这些中译名或解读均与病理学定义有出入，但却渐次反映了一种趋势，即cancer这个词在当代既可特指来源于上皮组织的恶性肿瘤，也可泛指各种恶性肿瘤，甚至用来表示包括良性肿瘤、恶性肿瘤在内的所有肿瘤。
事实上，cancer内涵的泛化由来已久。
在恶性肿瘤中，真正意义上的癌症占85%左右，而肉瘤及其他恶性肿瘤则相对较少，无怪乎人们将cancer视为恶性肿瘤的代名词。
美国国立癌症研究所(NCI)、哈佛大学达那－法伯(Dana-Farber)癌症研究所(DFCI)、得克萨斯大学MD安德生癌症中心、纽约斯挪恩－柯特林纪念癌症中心、日本和新加坡的国立癌症中心等著名肿瘤研究机构的名称中几乎都用cancer，但可以肯定的是，他们所研究与治疗的对象并不单纯是来源于上皮组织的癌症，而是覆盖所有肿瘤。
关于国内肿瘤医院的标准英文名称，除河北等个别肿瘤医院定为tumor hospital外，京、津、沪及绝大多数省级肿瘤医院、肿瘤研究所用的都是cancer，就连独树一帜的中山大学肿瘤防治中心也没有用tumor，而标示为Sun Yat-Sen Univer-sity Cancer Center。
这些医院实际收治的患者其实无所不包，既有癌症也有肉瘤，既有恶性肿瘤也有良性肿瘤，甚至乳腺肿瘤等可能是良恶性平分秋色。
当然那些只收治特定癌症患者的高度专门化医院如肺癌医院、乳腺癌医院则另当别论。
需要提及的是，谷歌或百度将肿瘤医院译为cancer hospital，而现代汉英词典或有道词典中则是tumor hospital。
中国知网(CNKI)翻译助手将肿瘤医院译为cancer hospital、tumor hospital和tumour hospital的分别有134、123和10条，提示至少在我国大陆肿瘤医院的英译还远未达成共识，以致许多人在翻译时举棋不定或信手拈来，这也许就是学术界与民间人士的译法相左的原因所在。
总之，英文中cancer与tumor的词义原本有微妙的差异，但目前日益趋同。
与妖魔巨蟹有着不解之缘也更形象化的cancer往往被用来指代所有的肿瘤，这与中国人在餐桌上把蔬菜、鱼、肉都叫作“菜”颇有几分相似。
虽然如此，在崇尚严谨的中国语言文字中癌与肿瘤似乎还是区别使用为佳，如不要把乳腺癌与乳腺肿瘤混为一谈，那些看似揉癌与肿瘤为一体的词如“癌肿”“癌瘤”等多半是文学语言而非专业术语，至于“脑癌”“血癌”等显然是通俗的说法。
不过，癌肉瘤(carcinosarcoma)或称双相性肉瘤样癌(biphasic sarcomatoid carcinoma，BSC)倒是确有其病。
虽然严格说来，称不问良恶、兼收并治的肿瘤医院为tumor hospital似乎更为恰当，但鉴于cancer的含义已经和正在被泛化，同时考虑到与国际接轨，笔者认为将肿瘤医院译为cancer hospital或cancer center也是没有任何问题的。
由于cancer、tumor等术语被同时广泛使用，因此在文献检索过程中，要想查全查准，就必须canc-er、tumor兼而用之，当然最好再以carcinoma、tumour、neoplasm、neoplasia(瘤形成)及前缀onco-、后缀-oma等为关键词展开地毯式搜索。
参考文献
［1］许良中．新英汉肿瘤学词汇［Z］．上海:复旦大学出版社，2002．
［2］新英汉词典［Z］．4版．上海:上海译文出版社，2009．［3］陆谷孙．英汉大词典［Z］．2版．上海:上海译文出版社，2007．
［4］王振华．英汉肿瘤学词汇［Z］．北京:人民卫生出版社，2011．［5］陈宜瑜．英汉生物学大词典［Z］．北京:科学出版社，2009．。